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EMS POCKET DRUG
GUIDE
EDITOR
Patrick T. Gomella, MPH, NREMT-P
www.emsdrugbook.com
ISBN: 978-0-07-170270-6
MHID: 0-07-170270-9
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-166407-3, MHID: 0-07-166407-6.
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corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected].
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment
and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources that are believed to be
reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the
time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors
nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the
information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or
omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm
the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product
information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained
in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for
administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in
and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the
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or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
MEDICATION KEY xiii
ABBREVIATIONS xvii
iii
iv Contents
Dietary Supplements 43
Ear (Otic) Agents 44
Endocrine System Agents 44
Eye (Ophthalmic) Agents 45
Gastrointestinal Agents 47
Hematologic Agents 49
Immune System Agents 50
Musculoskeletal Agents 51
OB/GYN Agents 51
Pain Medications 53
Respiratory Agents 54
Urinary/Genitourinary Agents 56
Wound Care 56
Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents 56
Natural and Herbal Agents 57
VI TABLES 345
Table VI-1 Comparison of Systemic Steroids 345
Table VI-2 Topical Steroid Preparations 346
Table VI-3 Comparison of Insulins 348
Table VI-4 Commonly Used Oral Contraceptives 349
Table VI-5 Some Common Oral Potassium Supplements 352
Table VI-6 Common Multivitamins Available OTC 353
Table VI-7 Antiarrhythmics: Vaughn Williams Classification 354
Table VI-8 Cytochrome P-450 Isoenzymes and Common 355
Drugs They Metabolize, Inhibit, and Induce
Table VI-9 SSRIs/SNRI/Triptan and Serotonin Syndrome 357
Table VI-10 Weight Conversion Table 358
Contents v
INDEX 387
EDITOR
Patrick T. Gomella, MPH, NREMT-P
Class of 2013
Jefferson Medical College
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Firefighter/Paramedic
Concordville Fire and Protective Association
Concordville, Pennsylvania
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Rex Mathew, MD, FACEP
Vice President for Emergency Medicine Clinical Operations
Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals
Assistant Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Matthew McMullan, BS, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, FP-C
Paramedic/Firefighter
Malvern Fire Company
Malvern, Pennsylvania
David J. Schoenwetter, DO, PhP, FACEP
Medical Director, Geisinger EMS
Medical Director, Geisinger Life Flight
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine
Geisinger Health System
Danville, Pennsylvania
Jason P. Zielewicz, MS, NREMT-P
Platoon Chief
Susquehanna Health/Regional EMS
Senior Partner
EMERGE Public Safety, LLC.
Williamsport, Pennsylvania
vii
viii Editors
CONSULTING EDITORS
Aimee G. Adams, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Ambulatory Care
Adjunct Assistant Professor
College of Pharmacy and Department of Internal Medicine
University of Kentucky HealthCare
Lexington, Kentucky
Judith A. Barberio, PhD, APN,C, ANP, FNP, GNP
Assistant Professor
Coordinator, Adult & Family Nurse Practitioner Tracks
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
College of Nursing
Newark, New Jersey
Leonard G. Gomella, MD, FACS
The Bernard W. Godwin, Jr, Professor
Chairman, Department of Urology
Jefferson Medical College
Associate Director of Clinical Affairs
Kimmel Cancer Center
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Tricia L. Gomella, MD
Part-Time Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Steven A. Haist, MD, MS, FACP
Clinical Professor
Department of Medicine
Drexel University College of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nick A. Pavona, MD
Professor, Department of Surgery
Benjamin Franklin University Medical Center
Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania
CONTRIBUTORS AND TECHNICAL REVIEWERS
Carol Beck, PhD
Assistant Dean, Jefferson College of Graduate Studies
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology
and Experimental Therapeutics
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Editors ix
I am pleased to present the first edition of the EMS Pocket Drug Guide. This guide
is based on the popular Clinician’s Pocket Drug Reference and adapted for use in
the field by front-line EMS providers.
As an EMS provider, I found the many “pocket” drug guides available were
either too large to carry while working or did not provide sufficient drug informa-
tion beyond simply listing a name and classification. While knowing the drug class
is useful for formulating a medically sound treatment plan for your patient, addi-
tional drug-specific information is often necessary to tailor your treatment based
on the specific drugs your patient is currently prescribed. Recent data suggests that
51% of insured Americans take at least one prescription drug for at least one
chronic condition and over 20% of the US population take three or more medica-
tions chronically. Knowing key drug information in the field is becoming more
essential as people begin to use more and more prescription medications.
This book provides several resources that can be accessed quickly to provide
the best care possible. A section is devoted to descriptions of over 70 drugs com-
monly used in the pre-hospital setting, followed by descriptions of about 1000 of
the most commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medications. Knowing
the dosing commonly used for FDA approved and so called off label uses is helpful
in determining if an excessive dose was ingested. A section on commonly used
medicinal herbs and supplements is also included as some of these can be very
clinically significant. A section dedicated to “street drugs” is also included for
quick reference.
A key feature of this guide is the concise “must know” medication information
with drug-specific EMS pearls, which includes signs and symptoms of overdose
and any specific overdose management. This guide is designed with sufficient
detail while maintaining its utility as a truly pocket drug reference. The book also
includes several reference charts and tables relevant to pre-hospital care.
I would like to thank Joe Morita and the entire production staff at McGraw-Hill
for their willingness to bring this book to the emergency service provider. The
opportunity to use the Clinician’s Pocket Drug Reference as a basis for the com-
monly used medications and adapt this information for the EMS provider is appreci-
ated. I would also like to thank my associate editors, consulting editors, contributors,
and technical reviewers who were asked to provide input to the book often on very
short notice. And lastly, my sincerest thanks go to my entire family, several of whom
xi
xii Preface
helped with various aspects of this book, for their support and guidance during the
process.
I encourage providers to take an active role and provide constructive feedback
about this book. Please feel free to e-mail me with any suggestions, drugs or refer-
ence charts you would like to see included in future editions.
Medications are generally listed by prescribing class and the individual medica-
tions are then listed in alphabetical order by generic name for both EMS field
mediations (Section I) and the commonly prescribed medications (Section III).
Some of the more frequently recognized trade names are listed for each medication
(in parentheses after the generic name) or if available without prescription, noted
as OTC (over-the-counter).
xiii
xiv Medication Key
Schedule (C-I) I: All nonresearch use forbidden (eg, heroin, LSD, mescaline).
Schedule (C-II) II: High addictive potential; medical use accepted. No tele-
phone call-in prescriptions; no refills. Some states require special prescription form
(eg, cocaine, morphine, methadone).
Schedule (C-III) III: Low to moderate risk of physical dependence, high risk of
psychologic dependence; prescription must be rewritten after 6 months or five
refills (eg, acetaminophen plus codeine).
Schedule (C-IV) IV: Limited potential for dependence; prescription rules same
as for schedule III (eg, benzodiazepines, propoxyphene).
Category B: Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but no
adequate studies have been done in pregnant women.
or
Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate studies in pregnant
women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus during the first trimester of preg-
nancy, and there is no evidence of risk in the last two trimesters.
Category C: Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no
adequate studies have been done in humans. The benefits from the use of the drug
in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks.
or
No animal reproduction studies and no adequate studies in humans have been done.
Category D: There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from
the use of the drug in pregnant women may be acceptable despite its potential risks.
BREAST-FEEDING CLASSIFICATION
No formally recognized classification exists for drugs and breast-feeding although
the FDA is considering developing one. This shorthand was developed for the
Clinician’s Pocket Drug Reference.
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