5/30/2025

Plan 6153: Disaster Management

in Planning

Lecture 1: Terms and Definition

PROFESSOR DR MOHAMMAD SHAKIL AKTHER

• Basic Terminologies
Lecture • Disaster Typologies
Content
• Disaster and Development

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Terms and Definitions

• Hazard • Reconstruction
• Disaster • Development
• Risk • Mitigation
• Vulnerability • Preparedness
• Capacity • Prevention
• Elements at Risk • Disaster Management
• Response • Disaster Risk
• Relief Management
• Rehabilitation

HAZARD
Phenomenon or situation
which has the potential to
There is a Potential of
Occurring an Event
cause disruption or damage to
the people, property, their
services and Environment

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DISASTER
An event, either man made or
natural, sudden or progressing
causing widespread human,
social and environmental loss

Risk
The probability that a community’s
structure, or geographic area is to
be damaged or destructed by the
impact of a particular hazard on
account of their nature, construction
and/or proximity to a hazardous
area
Risk is a function of Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity
Risk = (𝑯𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑿 𝑽𝒖𝒍𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚) ⁄ 𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

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VULNERABILITY
A condition or set of conditions
that reduces people’s ability to
prepare for withstand or
respond to a hazard

VULNERABILITY

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Vulnerability
Vulnerability = f (Exposure,
Resistance, Resilience)

• Exposure is the Population and the

Property at Risk
• Resistance is the measure(s) taken to
prevent, avoid and reduce loss
• Resilience is the Capacity to Recover
prior state or desired state after a
disaster

Vulnerability

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Vulnerability

Types of Vulnerability
• Physical Vulnerability
• Social Vulnerability
• Economic Vulnerability
• Environmental Vulnerability

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CAPACITY
Positive conditions or
abilities that increases
community's ability to deal
with hazard

Elements at Risk
Who and what can be damaged?

• People – their life and health

• Household and Community
Structure
• Community Facility
• Livelihood of the Community
• Environment

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Response
Actions taken immediately after A
disaster when exceptional measures
are taken to meet the basic needs of
the stricken population

Relief

Measures that are required in search

and rescue of survivors to meet the
basic needs for shelter, water, food
and health care

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Rehabilitation
Actions taken in the aftermath of
disaster to
• Assist victim to repair their dwellings
• Re-establish essential services
• Revive Key economic and social activities

Reconstruction

Permanent to repair/ replace

damaged dwellings and
infrastructures and set the
economy back on course

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Development
Sustained effort to maintain and
improve the social and economic
well being of the community

Mitigation
Measures taken prior to the
impact of a disaster to minimize
the effect
• Mitigation May Be Structural Like
Embankment Or Non-structural
Like Developing Building Code

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Preparedness
Measures taken in anticipation of
a hazard to ensure the effective
and appropriate actions are taken
in the aftermath

Prevention

Measures taken to avert a disaster

from occurring

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Disaster Management

The organized efforts to mitigate,

prepare for, respond to, and recover
from disasters.
The primary goal of disaster
management is to reduce the negative
impacts of these events on human
life, property, and the environment.

Disaster Risk Management

A broad range of activities to

• Prevent the loss of lives

• Minimize human sufferings
• Inform the public about risk
• Minimize property damage and economic
loss
• Speed recovery process

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TYPOLOGIES OF DISASTER

Natural

Biological

Technological

Societal

Natural Hazard

Natural Hazard

Atmospheric Hydrological Geological

Combined
Single
Elements/
Element/event events

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Secondary Hazard
These are hazards that follow as a
result of other hazard events.

Primary hazard is the earthquake.

Secondary hazards are

 Building collapse
 Dam failure
 Fire
 Hazardous material spill
 Interruption of service
 Landslide
 Soil liquefaction
 Tsunami (tidal wave)
 Water pollution

Disaster and National Image

• Disasters may damage the image of a

country and its standing in the eyes of the
international community
• If aid cannot be utilized effectively, the
recipient country earns a bad name even if
there are valid reasons for under-utilization
• If the disaster-stricken country is ill-
prepared and is tardy in intimating donors
about the nature of assistance required,
misunderstandings may arise

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Disaster and National Image

• Recipient nations may feel they are being forced to

make hasty decisions leading to misunderstanding,
and they may appear to be incompetent in the eyes of
the donors
• Donors may become reluctant to offer aid
• Internally, the government may come under intense
political pressure and scrutiny and instability may
follow

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Impact on National Development

Immediate Effects/Effects on
Contemporary Development
• Disasters may affect crops, livestock,
fertility, transport capability,
commercial offices, workers and staff
• Production and distribution would be
hampered
• A single disaster may wipe out much of
the GDP

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Short Term Impact on National Development

1991 Cyclone
• Damage worth US
$ 1.5 billion
• GDP in 1991: US
$ 23 billion

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Impact on National Development

• Long-term Effects/Effects on Long-term
Development
• Loss of export markets
• Lost resources need to be renewed/
rehabilitated
• Communications infrastructure, power
supplies, housing, Water supplies, Health and
community facilities
• Sequence of planning and implementation of
national development may be upset
Current plan may be disrupted
Forecasts of development program may
become difficult
Next plan may become difficult to formulate
Resources are diverted from development
programs
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Impact on National Development

• Long-term Effects/Effects on Long-term
Development
• Donors may divert funds from development
assistance programs
• Long-term unsuitability of land areas and
production facilities
• Enforced relocation of communities
• Impact of disaster may setback much of the
growth/development attained over years

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Long-term Impact on Development

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ASIAN DISASTER
Acknowledgment
MANAGEMENT
PREPAREDNESS CENTER

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• Bhattacharya T (2012) Disaster Science

and Management , Tata McGraw Hill,
Further Readings Delhi
• Etkin D ( 2016) Disaster Theory: An
Interdisciplinary Approach to Concepts
and Causes, Elsevier

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