【陈述的词】
state/claim/argue/discuss/mention/talk/indicate/contend( 主 张
)/raise the issue/demonstrate( 证 明 )/assert( 断
言)/present/illustrate(举例，阐明)
【支持的词】
In favor of/speak highly of/praise/glorify/hold a positive
attitude towards/compliment(恭维)
【反对的
词】Contradict( 反驳）
expectation/cast /refute( 反 驳 )/oppose to the writer's
驳)/contrary to doubt on( 引起对 … 的怀疑 )/dispute( 反
——————————————————————————————————
The reading passage explores the issue of… The professor’s lecture
deals with the same issue. However, he/she thinks that…, which
contradicts what the reading states. And in the lecture, he/she uses
three specific points to support his/her idea.
First, even though the reading passage suggests that…, the
professor argues in the lecture that … This is because…, which
means… Obviously, the professor’s argument disproves its
counterpart in the reading.
Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that…, the
professor contends that… Then he/she supports this point with the
fact that… In other words,…
Finally, the professor asserts that… whereas the author of the
reading claims that… The professor proves that this claim is
indefensible by pointing out that…
In conclusion, the professor clearly identifies the weaknesses in
the reading passage and convincingly shows that the central
argument in the reading,… is incorrect. (In a summary,all the
above-mentioned reasons of the lecture illustrate that the professor
disagree with the points mentioned in the reading materials.)
注：粉色为可替换词
替换词：
Explores: analyzes, examines, deals with, is concerned with, is
about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates
Issue: subject, topic
Professor: lecture, speaker, instructor, the presenter Lecture:
speech, talk, the listening passage, the presentation
Deals with: analyzes, examines, explores, is concerned with, is
about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates
However: But/Yet/Even so,/Despite that,
Contradicts: challenges, directly contradicts, clashes with, conflicts
with, denies, opposes, is opposed to, runs counter to, is exactly the
opposite of, is precisely the opposite of, make… seem weak,
makes…seem incorrect, makes…seem dubious, makes…seem
doubtful, raises doubts about, puts…in doubt, throws…into doubt
Use three specific points: makes three specific points, uses ample
evidence, offers plenty of evidence, presents sufficient evidence,
provides some compelling arguments, shows enough
evidence/reveals three pieces of evidence
Support:confirm/back/back up/ buttress/ strengthen/ bolster/
advocate
Idea: view, opinion, viewpoint, point of view, understanding,
perspective, conception, notion, belief, position
First: first of all, to begin with, to start with, to start off with, in the
first place
Even though: although, while, whereas
Because: due to(注意这个后面要跟名词而不是从句)
…which means…: …which suggests that…/and this means that…/-
-that is to say,…/in other words,/specifically. (用后面两个的话要注意断句，前
面的一句应该改成句号)
Obviously: apparently, evidently, clearly
Moreover: second,…/also,…/in the second place,…/…as well./…,
too./further,…/furthermore,…/aside from…/apart from…/in addition
to…/besides…
Contrary to: in opposition to, in sharp contrast to, in stark contrast to, in
marked contrast to, in noticeable contrast to, despite, in spite of
Finally: third,../lastly, …/ additionally,/in addition…
Whereas: while/in contrast/even though/although
Proves: shows, confirm, verifies
Indefensible: very weak, specious, spurious
In conclusion: in summary/to sum up/in the final analysis/based on
the arguments offered above/hence/thus/therefore
Clearly: precisely, exactly, correctly (切记不要再用 obviously 了) Identifies:
finds, determines, pinpoints, ascertains, discovers,
discerns Weaknesses: flaws, weak links
Convincingly: compellingly, forcefully, successfully, impressively
Show: prove, reveal
Central argument: fundamental argument, main idea, main
argument, main point
Incorrect: inaccurate, wrong, indefensible, inadequate specious at
best, unconvincing
