Functions of Complex Variables and

Complex Integration

Previous Year Solved Questions

1. The mapping w = z2-2z-3 is 7. The image of the straight line 2x+3y + 5 =

1) conformal everywhere 1
0under the transformation w= z is a
2) not conformal at z=-1 and z = -3
1) straight line 2) parabola
3) conformal with |z| = 1
3) ellipse 4) circle
4) not conformal at z = l z 2 +5
1+e 2 8. The value of the Integral ∫ z−1 2 dz , wherez
2. The residue at z = 0 ofzcosz + sin z
is c
1) 0 2) 1 is a complex number and C is the circle | z-
3) 4 4) -1 1| = 1, is
3z 2 +7z+1
1) 12πi 2) 6πi
3. The value of ∫ dz where C is 3) 4πi 4) 2πi
c z+1
|z| =0.5 is z 3 +5z+7
9. The residue of the functionf(z) = z−2 at
πi z+3 3
1) 0 2) the simple pole is
2
3) πi 4) 2πi 1) 1 2) 5
2
4. Singularity of ze1/x at z = 0 is of the type 3) 25 4) 30
1) isolated singularity 10. C-R equation for a functionW=P(r, θ) +
2) removable singularity iQ(r,θ) to be analytic, in Polarform are
3) essential singularity ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P
1) = ; =−
∂r r ∂θ ∂r r ∂θ
4) isolated and removable singularities ∂Q 1 ∂P ∂P 1 ∂Q
5. The analytic function which maps an 2) ∂θ = ; =
r ∂r ∂θ r ∂r
π ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P
angularregion 0≤θ≤ 4 on to the upper half 3) = − r ∂θ ; =
∂r ∂r r ∂θ
plane is ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P
4) ∂θ = ; = − r ∂θ
r ∂r ∂θ
1) 4z 2) z4
11. If f(z) + u+iv le an analytic function and u
3) 2θ 4) z2
and v are harmonic, then u and v will satisfy
6. Let f(z) = u + iv be an analytic function
1) one dimensional wave equation
which of the following statements are
2) one dimensional wave equation
correct?
3) Laplace equation
a) both u and v satisfy Laplace equation
4) Poisson equation
b) Family of curves u=c, and v = C2 cut
orthogonally
12. In the analytic function f(z)=u+iv the curves
c) ux=-vy and uy=vx
u(x, y) = C1 and V(x, y)=C2 are orthogonal
d) u-iv is also an analytic function
If the product of the slopes m1 and m2 are
1) (a) and (b) only
1) m1 m2=0 2) m1 m2=−𝜋
2) (a), (b) and (c) only 𝜋
3) m1 m2=− 2 - 4) m1 m2=-1
3) (a), (b) and (d) only
4) (b), (c) and (d) only
1
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

13. If the Imaginary part of the analytic function 3) 5πi 4)0

f(z)=u + iv is constant, then 1
19. The residue of z cosz at z = 0 is
1) u is not a constant
1) 1 2) -1
2) f(z) is not a complex constant 1 −1
3) 2 4) 2
3) f(z) is equal to zero
4) u is a constant 20. The analytic function, whose real part
x
14. If f(z) = P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ) is analytic, then is given by
x 2 +y 2
f'(z) is equal to 2
1) z 2) z
∂P ∂Q ∂P ∂Q
1) eiθ + i ∂θ 2) e−iθ + i ∂θ 3) z
1
4) z + z
1
∂r ∂r
−iθ ∂P ∂Q iθ ∂P ∂Q
3) e + i ∂r 4) e ∂r + i ∂r 21. Cauchy - Riemann conditions forf(z)=u(r, θ)
∂r
15. The necessary and sufficient conditions for + iV(r, θ) is
the function f(x) = u (r, θ) + i (r, θ) to be 1)ur = V0 ; uθ = −Vr
analytic is 2)rur = vθ ; rvr = u0
1) ur = rv0 and u0=
−1
vr 3) ruθ = Vr ; rvθ = −ur
r
1 4)rur = vθ ; uθ = −rVr
2) ur = r vθ and uθ =-rvr 22. Choose the correct answer. If w = f(z) is
1
3) uθ = r vθ and uθ =rvr analytic, then
1 ∂w ∂w
4) ur = rv0 and u0= r vr 1) ∂z = i ∂z
∂w ∂w
16. The function f(z) = z + 2zis 2) =
∂z ∂y
1) analytic in the upper half plane ∂2 w
2) analytic inside the unit circle 3) ∂z ∂z ≠ 0
∂w
3) analytic everywhere in complex plane 4) =0
∂z
4) not analytic anywhere In the complex 23. The value of m such that 2x-x2+my2 may be
plane harmonic is
17. In the two dimensional fluid flow, if the 1) 3 2) 1
−y
stream function is ψ=x 2 +y 2 , then the velocity 3) 2 4) 4
potentialϕ is 24. Image of circle |z| =2 by the transformation
x w=z+2+3i, is
1) ϕ = x 2 +y 2
y 1) |w+(2+3i)| =2 2) |w-(2+3i)| =3
2) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 3) |w-(2+3i)| =2 4) |w| = 1
−x
3) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 25. Value of integral ∫ z + 1 dz, where C is
−y c
4) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 asquare with vertices 0, 1, 1 + i and i is
2z+1 equal
18. The value of the Integral ∫ 2 dz, where C
z +2
1
1) zero 2) 1
is |z| = 2 is 3) -1 4) 2πi
1) 2πi 2) 3πi
2
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

z2 1) only u is harmonic function

26. Residue of z 2 +a 2 at z=al is
1
2) only v is harmonic function
1) 2a 2) i a 3) both u and v are harmonic function
ia
3) 4)2ai 4) both u and v are not harmonic function
2
𝑧2
27. The conditions CR equations f(z) = u + iv to 35. The value of ∫ 𝑥+3 dz where C is the circle
𝑐
be analytic are
z = 2 is
1) Ux = -Vy, Vx=Uy
1) 0 2) 4
2) Ux=Vy, Vx = -Uy 4
3) Ux = Vx, Uy = -Vy 3) -4 4) -5
4) Ux = Uy, Vx = -Vy 36. The residue of the function e1/z at the
28. If the real part of the analytic function singular point z = 0 is
f(z)=u+iv is constant then 1) 0 2) -1
1) v is not constant 3) 1 4) ∞
2) f(z) is not a complex constant 37. Which one of the following is not an
3) v is a constant analytic function?
4) f(z) is equal to zero 1) ez 2) sin z
29. The function zz is 3) cos z 4) z 2
1) analytic at (1, 1) 2) no where analytic 38. If c is a real constant an analytic function
3) analytic at (-1, -1) 4) analytic in (2, 2) whose real part xy is
−iz 2 z2
30. If f(z) = u + iv is analytic then f'(z) = 1) + ic 2) +c
2 2
1) ux+ivy 2) uy+ivx −z 2 −iz 2
3) ux+ivx 4) ux+ivx 3) + ic 4) + ic
2 2
31. If f(z) = u+iv is an analytic function and 39. The bilinear transformation which maps z =
v=xy then f(z) is equal to 1, i, ∞ into W = i, 1, o is
−z 2 1 i
1) 2) z2+z 1) x 2) z
2
1
z2 3) iz 4) zi
3) 4) z2-z
2
32. If w=P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ) be a analytic function 40. If w = u(x,y) + iv(x, y) is an analytic
then function of z = x + iy, then
∂u ∂v ∂u − ∂v
∂P
1) ∂r =
∂Q ∂P
2) ∂θ =
∂Q 1) ∂x = ∂x and =
∂y ∂x
∂θ ∂r
∂P 1 ∂Q ∂P −1 ∂Q ∂u − ∂v ∂u ∂v
3) − r ∂θ 4) = 2) ∂x = and = ∂x
∂r ∂r r ∂θ ∂y ∂y
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
33. If w = u(x,y) + iv(x,y) be an analytic 3) ∂x = ∂x and = ∂x
∂y
function is equal to ∂u − ∂v ∂u ∂v
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 4) ∂x = and = − ∂x
1) 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 2) 𝜕𝑥 − 𝑖 𝜕𝑦 ∂y ∂y

𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
41. Invariant points of a bilinear transformation
3) -𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 4) 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 1+iz
w = − 1−iz is
34. If f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function, then

3
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

−1 −1
1) 1 + i ± 6i 2) ( 1 + i ± 6i) 49. If f(z) = u +iv is an analytic function of z
2 2
1 −1 such that u = x2 - y2, then the value of v is
3) 2 ( 1 + i ± 3 + i) 4) (6i ±
2 1) xy 2) 2xy
3 + i) 3) -xy 4) -2xy
42. The critical points of the conformal 50. If w = f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function of
1
transformation w = z + z are z = x + iy then which of the following is/are
1) 1 and 0 2) -1 and 0 true?
dw ∂u ∂v ∂v ∂v
3) 1 and -1 4) 1 and 1 1) = + i ∂y 2)f’(z)=∂y + i ∂x
dz ∂x
1
e z −1 ∂w ∂w ∂w ∂w
43. For the function f(z) = , the point z = 1 3) =i 4) = −i
(z−2)2 ∂y ∂x ∂x ∂y

is 1) (a) only 2) (d) only

1) a simple pole 3) (b) and (d) only 4) (b) and (c) only
2) a multiple pole 51. If c is a real constant on analytic function
3) a removable singularity whose real part is xy is
−iz 2 z2
4) an essential singularity 1) + ic 2) +c
2 2
z 3 +1
44. The value of the integral ∫ z =3 dz z2 iz 2
z−1 (z−2) 3) + ic 4) +c
2 2
is 52. The bilinear transformation which maps z =
1) πi 2) 2 πi 0,1, ∞ onto w = -l, -i, 1 respectively is given
3)6 πi 4) 3 πi by
45. Which of the following is a harmonic z z
1) w = z−i 2) w = z+i
function? z−1 z+i
1) exx 2) ex sin y 3w= 4) w = z−i
z+i
3) x2 + y2 4) sin x cosy z 2 +1
53. ∫ x−1 −1 z 2 −1
dz =
46. If W = u + iv is an analytic function of z = x
1) 0 2) 2π
+ iy then which of the following is not true?
∂2 w ∂2 w dw ∂w
3) 2 πi 4) -2 πi
1) + =0 2) = 1
∂x 2 ∂y 2 dz ∂x 54. In the Laurent series for f(z) = z−4 at centred
dw ∂w ∂2 u ∂2 u
3) = −i ∂y 4) ∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = 0 at z = 1, the coefficient of (z-1)-2 is
dz
47. The bilinear transformation which maps z = 1) 3 2) -3
1, i, ∞ into i, 1, 0 is 3) 9 4) -9
x x
1 i 55. f(z) = e cos y + ie sin y is analytic
1) z 2) z
1) at the origin only
1
3) iz 4) zi 2) nowhere In the complex plane
48. The critical points of the transformation 3) everywhere In the complex plane
w = (z –1) (z - 2) 4) at all points on the real axis only
1) z = l 2) z=2 56. Given that P+Q and Q-P can be the real and
3 4 imaginary parts of an analytic function
3) z = 2 4) z = 5

4
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

respectively, which of the following is an 1) a circle, centre (0, 1) and radius 1

y
analytic function? 2) a straight line x =1
1) (P+Q) + i(P-Q) 2) (P-Q) + i(P+Q) 3) a hyperbola with vertex (1, 0)
3) P-iQ 4) p + iQ 4) a parabola with vertex at (-1, 0)
az +b
57. The bilinear transformation w = cz +d is e z dz
64. The value of the integral ∫c z(z−π)where
1) not conformal anywhere
c is
2) conformal everywhere except at one point
the circle z − 1 =2 is
3) conformal everywhere
1) 0 2) 4i
4) analytic everywhere
3) -2i 4) 2i
58. If C is the curve 16x2 + y2 = l the value of
dz
∫c is DETAILED SOLUTIONS
z 2 +9
π −π
1) 3 2) 1. (4)
3
1 2π The mapping f(z) is analytic and f’(z)≠ 0
3) 0 4) 3 tan−1 3 then the mapping w = f(z) is conformal.
1/z
59. For the function e the point z = 0 is f(z) = z2 – 2z – 3
1) a simple pole f’(z) = 2z - 2
2) a pole of infinite order f’(z) = 0
3) an essential singularity 2z-2 = 0
4) a regular point 2(z-l) = 0
60. Which of the following is not an analytic z=1
function? ∴ f’(l) = 0
1) ez 2) sin z This implies w = f(z) is not conformal at
3) coshz 4) | z |2 z=l.
61. If w = u(x, y) + iv (x, y) is analytic, then 2. (2)
dw 2 ϕ(z)
= If f(z) = ψ(z)
dz
∂(u,v) ∂(x,y)
1) ∂(x,y) 2) ∂(x,y) and ψ a = 0ϕ (a) ≠ 0
∂(v,u) ∂(y,x) then
3) ∂(x,y) 4) ∂(u,v) ϕ(a)
x
Residue (at z = a) ψ′(a)
62. Given that u = e sin y as the real part of an
1+e z
analytic function, the corresponding consider ϕ(a) = zcos z + sin z
imaginary part is ϕ(z) = 1 + e z

1) eysinx ϕ(z) = = zcos+sinz

2) -excos y + ic where c is a real constant ϕ(0) = l + e0 =2
3) -excos y+c2 where c is a real constant 𝜓 (0) = 0 + 0 = 0
4) excos (xy) Now 𝜓'(z) = cos z-z sin z+cos z
63. The transformation w = z2 transforms the = 2cos z-z sin z
line y= 1 into Residue (at z = 0)
5
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

ϕ(0) 6. (1)
= 𝜓 ′ (0)
Statements (a) and (b are true
1+e 0
= 2 cos 0 – 0 sin 0 C-R equation is
2 ux = vy ; uy = -vx
=2
∴ Statement (c) is not correct
=1
Given f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function
3. (1)
∴ ux = vy ; uy = - vx ...(1)
Consider f(z)= u - iv
= P + iQ
where P = U ; Q = -V
Now Px = ux ; Qx = -vx
Py = uy ; Qy = -vya
by (1)
Px≠ Qy and
Py≠ -Qx
Cauchy's theorem: ∴f(z) does not satisfy C-R equation
If a function f(z) is analytic at all points
∴f(z)= u-iv is not analytic
inside
∴ Statement (d) is not true
and on a closed contour C, then
7. (4)
∫c f(z) dz = 0
Let z = x + iy
3z 2 +7z+1
let f(z) = and w = u + iv
z+1
1
f(z) is not analytic at z = -l w=z
but z = -l lies outside the circle z = 0.5 1
⇒z=w
∴ f(z) is analytic inside and on z = 0.5 1
∴ By Cauchy's theorem ∫c f(z)dz =0 ⇒ x + iy = u+iv
1 u−iv
4. (3) = u+iv × u−iv
1
u−iv
f(z) = zex 2 = u 2 +v 2
1 1 2 1 3 u v
z2 z2 z2 = u 2 +v 2 − i u 2 +v 2
=z 1+ + + +⋯
1! 2! 3! u −v
∴x= ;v =
1 1 1 u 2 +v 2 u 2 +v 2
= z + z + 2z 3 + 6z 5 … Given straight line is
1 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
The principal part powers of contains
z−0 u −v
infinite number of levins. Therefore z = 0 is ⇒2 +3 +5=0
u 2 +v 2 u 2 +v 2
2 2
an essential singularity. ⇒ 5(u + v ) 2u-3v = 0
5. (2) ∴ Image is a circle.
Required analytic function is 8. (3)
f(z) = z4
6
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

If w = P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ)
is analytic, then polar form of C-R equations
are
∂P 1 ∂Q
=
∂r r ∂θ
∂Q −1 ∂P
=
∂r r ∂θ
11. (3)
By Cauchy’s integral formula, f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function, then u
if z0𝜖 C then and v satisfy Laplace equation.
1 f z dz 12. (4)
f’(z0) = 2πi ∫c (z−z 2
0) u(x, y) = C1 and v(x, y) = c2
z 2 +5 dz are orthogonal if prouduct of their slopes = -
consider ∫c (z−1)2
2 1
f (z) = z +5
i.e., m1m2 = -1
f'(z) = 2z
13. (4)
f'(l) = 2(1)=2
f(z) = u + iv
By (1)
Given imaginary part = constant
1 z 2 +5 dz
f’(1) = 2πi ∫c ⇒ v = constant
(z−1)2
∂v ∂v
z 2 +5 dz ⇒ ∂x = 0; ∂y = 0
⇒∫c = 2πi f’(1)
(z−1)2
= 2πi × 2 by C-R equations
∂u ∂v
= 4πi = =0
9. (1) ∂x ∂y
∂u ∂v
Solution: and ∂y = ∂x = 0
Residue of f(z) at a simple pole z = a ∂u
⇒ ∂x = 0
lim
is (z-a) f(z) ∂u
x→0 and ∂v = 0
z 3 +5z−7
For f(z) = z−2 (z+3)2 ⇒ u is constant.
z = 2 is a simple pote and 14. (3)
∂P ∂Q
z = -3 is a pole of order 2 f’(z) = e−iθ +i
∂r ∂r
∴ Residue at the simple pole z = 2 is 15. (2)
lim z 3 +5z−7
The necessary and sufficient conditions for
(z - 2) z−2 (z+3)2
x→2
lim z 3 +5z+7 the function
= f(z) = u(r, θ) + i v(r, θ) to be analytic is
x → 2 (z+3)2
8+10+7
= 25 = 25
25 ∂u 1 ∂v
=
∂r r ∂θ
=1 ∂v −1 ∂u
10. (1) and ∂r = r ∂θ

7
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

1 1
⇒ur = r vθ = x+iy
−1 1 x−iy
and vr = vθ = x+iy × x−iy
r
i.e. uθ = −rvr x−iy
= x 2 +y 2
16. (4)
x −y
Let f(z) = u + iv ⇒ f(z) = +i
x 2 +y 2 x 2 +y 2
f(z) = z + 2z ∴ The velocity potential
= (x + iy) + 2(x-iy) x
ϕ = x 2 +y 2
= 3x-iy
⇒ u = 3x; v = -y 18. (1)
1 1
ux =3 ; uy = 0 Given circle z = 2 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 2
vx = 0; vy = -l 1 2
2 2
Clearly ux ≠ vy ⇒x +y =
2
So C.R. equations are not satisfied. This is a circle with centre at origin and
This implies f(z) is not analytic everywhere 1
radius = 2
in the complex plane.
17. (1)
The complex potential
f(z) = ϕ + iψ
−y
Given ψ = x 2 +y 2
x 2 + y 2 0 + y. 2x
ψx = 2z+1
Consider ∫c z 2 +z dz
(x 2 + y 2 )2
2yx Equating the denominator to zero
= x 2 +y 2 2
z2 + z = 0
ψx (z, 0) = 0
⇒z(z+1) = 0
x 2 +y 2 −1 +2y 2
ψy = ⇒ z = 0, -1
x 2 +y 2 2
−x 2 −y 2 +2y 2 The point z = 0 lies inside the circle.
= 2z+1
x 2 +y 2 2
Let f(z) =
y 2 −x 2 z 2 +z
= Residue of f(z) at z = 0
x 2 +y 2 2
z2 −1 lim
ψy (z, 0) = z 4 = = (z-0) f(z)
z2 x→0
∴ By Miline – Thomdon method lim 2z+1
= z.
f(z) = ∫ ψy z, 0 + iψx (z, 0) dz x → 0 z(z+1)
lim 2z+1
=∫
−1
+ i0 dz =
z2 z → 0 z+1
dz −1 =1
= -∫ z 2 = − z By Cauchy’s residue theorem
1
=z

8
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
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∫c f(z) dz = 2πi [sum of residues of points By Milne - Thompson method

∂u ∂u
inside c] f(z) = ∫ z, 0 − i ∂y (z, 0) dz
∂x
z = 0 is the only point inside c −1
2z+1 =∫ − i 0 dz
∴ ∫c z 2 +z dz = 2πi (Residue at z = 0) z2
1 1
= 2πi × 1 = 2πi = -∫ z 2 dz = z
1
19. (4) ∴ f(z) = z
1 2 1 4
1 z z 21. (4)
cos =1- + - ....
z 2! 4! Cauchy - Riemann equations of
1 1
= 1 - 2z 2 + 24z 4 − ⋯ f(z) = u(r, θ) + iv (r, 0)
1 1 1 ∂u 1 ∂v
z coscos = z - 2z + 24z 2 - .... is =
z ∂r r ∂θ
∂v 1 ∂u
Residue of z = 0 and ∂r =
1 1 r ∂θ
= coefficient of z−0 = ⇒ rur = v0
z
−1 and rvr = -uθ
= 2
20. (3)
1 1 22. (4)
clearly z = x+iy w = f(z) is analytic then it is independent of
1 x−iy
= x+iy × x−iy z
∂w
x−iy ∴ ∂z = 0
=
x 2 +y 2
x y 23. (2)
= x 2 +y 2 − i x 2 +y 2 Let u = 2x - x2 + my2
∴ Re
1
= x 2 +y 2
x ∂u
z − 2 − 2x
1
∂x
=z ∂2 u
= -2
∂x 2
Method : 2 ∂u
x = 2my
u = x 2 +y 2 ∂y
∂u x 2 + y 2 − x. 2x ∂2 u
= = 2m
∂y 2
∂x (x 2 + y 2 )2
Given u is harmonic
y 2 −x 2
=
(x 2 +y 2 )2 ∂2 u ∂2 u
+ =0
∂u 02 −z 2 −z 2 −1 ∂x 2 ∂y 2
(z, 0) = = =
∂x z 2 +02 2 z4 z2 ⇒ -2 + 2m = 0
Now, ⇒m=1
∂u 0−x.2y −2xy
= (z 2 +02 )2 = (x 2 +y 2 )2 24. (3)
∂y
∂u −2.z.0 w = z + 2 + 3i
(z, 0) =
∂y z 2 +02 2 z = w – 2 - 3i
=0 z=2
9
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
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⇒ |w – 2 - 3i | = 2 since u is constant
⇒ |w-(2+3l)| = 2 ⇒ux = 0 and uy = 0
By CR equations
0 = ux = vy
⇒ vy = 0 ....(1)
25. (1) Also
By Cauchy - Goursat theorem if f is analytic 0 = uy = -vx
function in the region enclosed by the curve ⇒vx = 0 ....(2)
C, then By (1) and (2)
∫c f(z)dz = 0 v is a constant.
f(z) = z + 1 is analytic in every region 29. (2)
∴ f(z) = z + 1 is analytic inside C Let z = x + iy
∴ ∫c (z+1)dz = 0 then z = x - iy
26. (3) f(z) = zz
Result: Residue of f(z) at the pole z = a is = (x + iy) (x - iy)
lim = x2 + y2 = u + iv
(z-a) f(z) ⇒ u = x2 + y2
x→0
z2 v=0
Let f(z) = z 2 +a 2
∂u
z2 ⇒ ux = ∂x = 2x
= z+ai (z−ai ) ∂u
uy = ∂y = 2y
Residue at z = ai
∂v
lim vx = ∂x = 0
= z − ai f(z)
z → ai ∂v
lim z2 vy = ∂y = 0
= z − ai z+ai (z−ai )
z → ai
Clearly ux≠vy
lim z 2
= uy≠ vx
z → ai z+ai
(ai ) 2 ∴ C.R equations are not satisfied.
=
ai +ai ∴ f(z) is nowhere analytic.
(ai )2
= 30. (3)
2ai
ai If f(z) is analytic
= 2 then f'(i) = ux + ivx
27. (2) = vy - iuy
CR equations are 31. (3)
ux = vy ; uy = -vx Method -1
i.e. ux = vy, vx = -uy v = xy
28. (3) ∂v ∂v
By CR equations = y; = x
∂x ∂y
ux = vy ; uy = -vx
∴vm
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

∂v ∂v
z, 0 = 0; z, 0 = z
∂x ∂y
By Milne – Thompson method
∂v ∂v
f(z) = ∫ z, 0 + i ∂x (z, 0) dz
∂y
∫(z + i0) dz
z2
= 2
Method : 2
Cauchy’s Theorem :
From the given choices If a function f(z) is analytic at all points
z2
if f(z) = inside and on a closed curve C
2
z2 (x+iy )2 then ∫c f(z)dz = 0
then f(z) = =
2 2 z2
x 2 −y 2 +2ixy Let f(z)= z+3
= 2
x 2 −y 2
clearly f(z) is not analytic at z = -3
= + i2xy But this point lies outside the circle z =2
2
= u + iv Hence, f(z) is analytic at all points interior
⇒ v = xy and on
So required analytic function the closed curve C
z2 Where C is z =2
f(z) = 2
Hence, by Cauchy's theorem
32. (3)
∫c f(z)dz = 0
Let f(z) = P (r, θ) + i(Q(r, θ)
z2
then Polar form of Cauchy-Riemann i.e., ∫c z+3 dz = 0
equations are 36. (2)
∂P 1 ∂Q 1 1 2 1 3
=
∂r r ∂θ
∂Q 1 ∂P et/z = 1 + z + z + z
1! 2! 3!
= 1 1 1
∂r r ∂θ = 1 + z + 2x 2 + 6z 2 + ⋯
33. (3)
Residue of et/z at z = 0
Result : 1 1
If z = x + iy and w = f(z) = coefficient of (z−0) = z
dw ∂w
then = in the series expansion of et/z = 1
dz ∂x
dw ∂u 𝜕𝑣 37. (4)
∴ dx = + i 𝜕𝑥
∂x Let f(z) = z 2
34. (3) where z = x + iy
Result: z 2 = x2 + y2
If f(z) = u+iv is an analytic function then then f(z) = z 2
both u and v are harmonic functions. = x2 + y2
35. (1) = (x2 + y2) + i 0
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

Let f(z) = u + iv 1+iz

z = 1−iz
then u = x2 + y2; v=0
⇒1 + iz = z(1-iz)
∂u ∂u
= 2x; = 2y ⇒1 + iz = z - iz2
∂x ∂y
⇒ iz2 + iz – z + l = 0
∂v ∂v
= 0; = 0 ⇒ iz2 + z(i-1) +1 = 0
∂x ∂y
− i−1 ± (i−1)2 −4i
∂u
∴∂x ≠ ∂y
∂v ∴z= 2i
− i−1 ± −1+1−2i−4i
∂u ∂v =
and ∂y ≠ ∂x 2i
1 − i−1 ± −6i
C.R. equation is not satisfied =
2 i
So f(z)= z 2 is not analytic. 1
= 2 − i − 1 × −i ± (−i) −6i
38. (1)
1
iz 2 ∵ = −i
If f(x) = u + iv = - 2 + ic i
1 2 2
then = -2 −i + i ± i (−6i)
−i(x+iy )2 1
f(z) = + ic =- 2 1 + i ± 6i
2
−i x 2 −y 2 +2ixy 42. (1)
= + ic
2 dw
y 2 −x 2 Critical points are given by =0 and
= xy + i +c dz
2 dw
−iz 2 =∞
∴ if f(z) = + ic dz
2 1
w=z+z
Then, the real part is xy
dw 1
39. (2) = 1- z 2
dz
i
If w = z then dw 1
=0 ⇒ 1 – z 2 = 0
dz
i
when z = 1, w = 1 = i ⇒ z2 = 1
when z = i, w = i = 1
i ⇒z=1
dw 1
i =∞⇒ 1 – z 2 = ∞
when z = ∞, w = ∞ = 0 dz
1
i ⇒ z2 = ∞
∴ Required bilinear transform is w = z
⇒z=0
40. (1)
∴ 1 and 0 are the critical points.
By Cauchy - Reimann equations if w = u +
43. (4)
iv is an analytic function then,
1 1
∂u ∂v
= ∂x and ez−1
∂x (z − 2)
∂u ∂v 1 1 1
=− 2
1+ +
∂y ∂x (z − 2) (z − 1) 2! (z − 1)2
41. (2) 1
+ +⋯
Invariant points are given by 3! (z − 1)3
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

The principal part contains infinite number ∂z

then ∂x = ex sin y
of terms. So, z = l is an essential singularity. ∂2 z
44. (3) = ex sin y
∂x 2
Cauchy's Residue theorem : ∂z
= excos y
∂y
∫c f(z)dz =2πi × sum of all residues of f(z) ∂2 z
inside C = ex sin y
∂y 2
z 2 +1 ∂2z ∂2 z
Let f(z) = z−1 (z−2)
∴∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = ex sin y – ex sin y = 0
∴ exsin y is a harmonic function
46. (1)
∂2 w ∂2 w
+ = 0 is not true
∂x 2 ∂y 2
47. (2)
i
If w = z then
z i
w=z
Poles of f(z) are z=l and z=2
1 i
Clearly z=l and z = 2 lies inside the circle
i 1
z =3
∞ 0
Residue of f(z) at z = l
it i
= z − 1 f(z) ∴ w = z is the required transform.
z→1
it z 2 +1 48. (3)
= z − 1 z−1 (z−2)
z→1 w = z2 – 3z + 2
1+1 2
= 1−2 = −1 dw
= 2z-3
dz
Residue at z=2 Critical points is given by
it dw
= z − 2 f(z) =0
z→2 dz
it (z 2 +1) ⇒ 2z – 3 = 0
= z − 2 z−1 (z−2)
z→2 3
4+1 ⇒z=2
= 2−1 = 5
49. (2)
By Cauchy Residue theorem
u = x2 – y2
∴∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of residues inside ∂u ∂u
z =3 = 2x; z, 0 = 2z
∂x ∂x
= 2πi × (-2+5) ∂u ∂u
= −2y; z, 0 = 0
= 6πi ∂y ∂y
z 2 +1 By Milne Thompson method analytic
∴ ∫ x =3 = 6πi
z−1 (z−2)
function
45. (2)
f(z)
If z = ex sin y dz
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

having u = x2 – y2 as real part 1−∞ lim 1−t

=
∂u(z,0) ∂u z−∞ t→∞ z−t
f(z) = ∫ − i ∂y (z, 0) dz 1
∂x lim t −1
= z
= ∫ 2z − 0 dz t → ∞ t −1
= z2 =1
Let f(z) = u + iv Now (1) ⇒
then u + iv = z2 w+1 − 1+i 2
=z
= (x + iy)2 w−1 2
w+1
= x2 – y2 + i2xy ⇒ w−1 (−i) = z
∴ v = 2xy w+1
⇒ = iz
50. (2) w−1

Formula: ⇒ w + 1 = iz w – 1)
iz +1
If w = f(z) ⇒ w = iz −1
dw ∂w 1
then = and i z+
i
dz ∂x = 1
dw ∂w i z−
i
= −i z−i
dz ∂y = z+i
∂w ∂w
∴ ∂x = −i ∂y ∴ Required bilinear transform w = z+i
z−i

51. (1) 53. (4)

Let f(z) = u + iv Cauchy's Residue theorem
−iz c
If f(z) = + ic ∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of residues inside C
2
−i(x+iy )2
then f(z) = + ic
2
−i x 2 −y 2 +2ixy
= + ic
2
y 2 −x 2
= xy + i +c
2
∴ u = xy
−iz 2
So if f(z) = + ic then the real part is xy.
2
52. (3) z + 1 = 1 ⇒ z − −1 = 1
If (w1, w2, w3, w4) = (z1, z2, z3, z4) is a circle with centre z = -l and radius = 1
then z 2 +1
Let f(z) = z 2 −1
w1 − w2 w3 − w4 z1 − z2 z3 − z4 z 2 +1
= =
w2 − w3 (w4 − w1 ) z2 − z3 (z4 − z1 ) z+1 (z−1)
we have (z, 0, 1, ∞) = (w, -1, -i, 1) Poles -z =1,-1
⇒
z−0 (1−∞)
=
w+1 (−i−1) z = -l lies inside z+1! = 1
z−∞ (1−0) w−1 (−i−1)
Residue at z = -1
w+1 −i−1 (1+i) z(1−∞)
⇒ = lim
w−1 1−i (1+i) (z−∞) = (z + l)f(z)
z → −1
Now
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

lim z 2 +1 ∴ f(z) is analytic everywhere in the complex

= (z + l) z−1 (z+1)
z → −1 plane.
lim z 2 +1
= 56. (4)
z → −1 z−1
2 Let u = P+Q
= −2 = -1
v = Q-P
By Cauchy’s residue theorem by C R. equations
∴∫c f(z)dz) = 2πi×-l ux = vy
= -2πi uy= -vx
54. (1) ∂P ∂Q ∂Q ∂P
∴∂x + ∂y = − ∂y .... (1)
∂y
w = z-1
∂P ∂Q ∂Q ∂P
then z-4 = w-3 + ∂y = − ∂x + ∂x
∂y
1 1
f(z) = z−4 = w−3 ∂P ∂Q
⇒ ∂x − ∂x = ∂y + ∂y
∂P ∂Q
....(2)
1
= 3 (1) + (2)
w 1−
w
∂P ∂Q
1 3 −1 ⇒2 ∂x = 2 ∂y
=2 1−w
∂P ∂Q
1 3 32 ⇒ ∂x = ....(3)
= w 1 + w + w2 + ⋯ ∂y

1 3 32
(1) - (2) ⇒
= w + w 2 + w 3 + .... ∂Q ∂P
32
2 = −2
1 3
= (z−1) + (z−1)2 + (z−1)3 + ⋯ ∂x ∂y
∂P ∂Q
1 ⇒∂y = ....(4)
∴ Coefficient of (z−1)2 = 3 ∂x
by (3) and (4)
55. (3)
f(z) = P + iQsatisties
w = f(z) = excos y + iex sin y
C.R. equations
w = u + iv
∴ P + iQ is an analytic function
= ex (cos y + i sin y)
57. (2)
u = excos y
A function w=f(z) is not confoltnui z0 then
v = ex sin y dw d
∂u x
= f’ (z0) if z0 = -a
= e cos y dz
∂x then f(z) is not analytic.
∂u
= −ex sin y 58. (3)
∂y
∂v
= ex sin y 16x2 + y2 = 1
∂x
x2
∂v
= ex cos y + y2 = 1
∂y 1/16
∂u
∴ ∂x = ∂y
∂v x2 y2
+ =1
1 2 1
∂u ∂v
=− 4
∂y ∂x
C.R. equations are satisfied
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

∂u ∂u
∂(u,v) ∂x ∂y
Let J = ∂(x,y) = ∂v ∂v
∂x ∂y
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
= ∂x ∂y − ∂y ∂x ....(1)
Given w = u + iv is analytic
∴ w satisfies C.R. equation
∂u ∂v
i.e., ∂x = ∂y
∂u ∂v
=−
∂y ∂x
dz
Let ∫f(z) dz = ∫c z 2 +9 ∴ (1) ⇒
dz ∂u ∂u ∂v ∂v
= ∫c − −
z+3i (z−3i) ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
The points z =3i, -3i lies outside C ∂u 2 ∂v 2
= +
∴ By Cauchy Goursattheoem ∂x ∂x
dz ∂u ∂v 2
∫c f(z)dz = 0 ⇒∫c z 2 +9 = 0 = + i ∂x
∂x
59. (3) ∂w 2
= ∂x
1 1 1
e1/2 = 1 + + + +⋯ dw 2 dw ∂w
z 2! z 2 3! z 3 = ∵ =
dz dz ∂x
1 1 1
= 1+ + 2
= 3
+⋯ 62. (3)
(z−0) 2(z−0) 6(z−0)
1 Given u = ex sin y
since terms are infinite, z = 0 is an ∂u
z−0
= ex sin y
essential singularity ∂x
∂u
60. (4) = excos y
∂y
Consider f(z) = z 2 If v = -excos y + c2
= x2 + y2 ∂v
then ∂x = -excos y
if f(z) = u + iv then
∂v
u = x2 + y2; v = 0 = ex sin y
∂y
∂u ∂u
= 2x; = 2y clearly
∂x ∂y ∂u ∂v
∂v ∂v =
∂x ∂y
= 0; = 0 ∂u ∂v
∂x ∂y and ∂y =- ∂x
∂u ∂v ∂u − ∂y
∴∂x ≠ ∂y and ∂y ≠ C.R. equations are satisfied
∂x
C.R equation is not statistical v = -excos y + c2
So f(z) = z 2 is not analytic is the required imaginary part.
61. (1) 63. (4)
w = z2
u + iv = (x + iv)2
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 Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration

= x2 – y2 + 2ixy ez
Let f(z) =z(z−π)
∴ u = x2 – y2
Poles are z = 0, π
v = 2xy
Clearly z = 0 lies inside z − 1 = 2
when y = 1
lim
u = x2 – 1 Res at z = 0 = (z - 0) f(z)
z→0
v = 2x lim e z
=
Eliminating x z → 0 z(z−π)
v 2 e0 −1
u= -1 = 0−π =
2 π
v 2 By Cauchy residue theorem
⇒ =u+1
2 ∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of the residues inside
v2 = 4(u+1) C
This is a parabola with vertex (-1, 0) ez −1
64. (3) ∴∫c z(z−π) dz = 2πi × = -2i
π

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