Department of Civil & Environmental

Engineering
Module Code: CE5607

Module Title: Advanced Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete

Design

Coursework Title

Design the Central Bay at the Lowest Level of a 7-storey

Building

Module Leader:

Dr. EsmaeelEsmaeeli

Submitted By: Abdul Rahmaan Bashir

Student ID: 2118191

Submission Date:
Monday, 9 December 2024

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 Table of Contents
Introduction:..................................................................................................................................4

Input Parameters:..........................................................................................................................4

1. Bay dimensions:....................................................................................................................5

2. Concrete class:......................................................................................................................5

3. Reinforcement yield strength (fy).........................................................................................5

4. Characteristic floor load.......................................................................................................5

5. Additional loads....................................................................................................................5

Assumptions...................................................................................................................................5

 Slab type...............................................................................................................................5

 Span-depth ratio....................................................................................................................5

 Exposure class......................................................................................................................5

 Building Occupants..............................................................................................................5

Step 1: Load calculation................................................................................................................5

Step 2: Slab Design........................................................................................................................6

Step 3: Bar Spacing Calculation...................................................................................................6

Step 4: Beam Design......................................................................................................................7

Step 5: Main Beam Design............................................................................................................8

Step 6: Column Design..................................................................................................................9

Sketch............................................................................................................................................10

References.....................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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 List of Figures
Figure 1 3D View.....................................................................................................................................10
Figure 2 Beam Column Cross-section.....................................................................................................11
Figure 3 Frame Cross-section.................................................................................................................11
Figure 4 Beam Cross-section...................................................................................................................12
Figure 5 Column Cross-section..............................................................................................................12
Figure 6 Reinforcement Bars..................................................................................................................12

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 DESIGN OF CENTRAL BAY

Introduction:

The report explains in detail the design structure for the central bay of a seven-story concrete
reinforced building on the ground floor; this was to meet course requirements for the completion
of CE5607 in Advanced Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Design. Such bays are, thus,
indispensable from the structural viewpoint while taking over the loads that slabs need to transfer
down the beam and into the columns or foundations (Ali and Al-Kodmany, 2022). A typical size
of such a bay, adopted in this example problem is 6m in one direction and 4 meters the other.
The design is prepared in the format of Eurocode 2 and introduces modern techniques for the
design of reinforced concrete to ensure safety, serviceability, and durability.

The structural system consists of a one-way slab supported by secondary beams spanning 2
meters between the main beams, which span 6 meters between columns. These columns are
continuous for all floors and are designed to resist axial loads from six stories, plus the roof,
considering both dead and live loads. Slabs, beams, and columns are cast-in-situ reinforced
concrete with solid monolithic connections, making them an integrated structural framework
(Wilson Uwemedimo Nyong, Omoniyi Olusegun Desmond and Odeyemi Samson Olalekan,
2023).

A design will be carried out based on a C25/30 concrete grade, and reinforcement with a yield
strength of 400 MPa. Uniformly distributed loads acting on the floor system include live load,
amounting to 200 kg/m²; the load due to floor finishes is 50 kg/m² and the self-weight of
structural elements. These loads are factored into ultimate limit state (ULS) calculations using
partial safety factors, ensuring the structure can withstand maximum expected forces.
Serviceability limit state (SLS) criteria are also addressed to ensure proper functionality under
normal conditions (Xiao-Ling Zhao, 2024).

Conformity to the specified exposure class and the attainment of a 1-hour fire resistance rating
ensure durability and long-term performance (Shuttleworth, De Koker and Walls, 2021). The
structural arrangement is optimized to reduce the depth of the floor system, reducing the building

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weight while minimizing material usage and improving cost efficiency. Reinforcement detailing
secures appropriate load flow between elements, addressing constructability requirements.

The report presents the detailed design calculations for the slab, secondary beams, main beams,
and columns, supported by drawings for reinforcement, dimensions, and recommendations for
materials. A very efficient design methodology leads to a safe, cost-effective, and long-lasting
structural system.

Input Parameters:

1. Bay dimensions: 6 m (long span), 4 m (short span).

2. Concrete class: C25/30
3. Reinforcement yield strength (fy): 400 MPa
4. Characteristic floor load: 2 kN/m² (live load).
5. Additional loads:
Floor finish = 0.5 kN/m²
Self-weight = 6.25 kN/m²
Assumptions:
 Slab type: One-way spanning slab.
 Span-depth ratio: Initial assumption is L/d ≤ 28. (for supported slabs per Eurocode 2).
 Exposure class: XC1 (indoor environment with mild conditions, per Eurocode 2).
 Building Occupants: It is assumed that the building is yet empty. (Brooker and Ashour
2024)

Step 1: Load calculation

1. Self-weight:
= 0.15 m × 25 kN/m3=3.75 kN/m2
2. Floor finishing load:
= 50 kg/m2 = 0.5 kN/m2
3. Live load:
= 200 kg/m2 = 2.0 kN/m2
4. Total load:

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 = 3.75+0.5+2.0 = 6.25 kN/m2
5. Factored load:
= 1.35 (dead load) + 1.5 (live load)

Step 2: Slab Design

1. Effective Depth (d):

Assuming a concrete cover of 20 mm and a bar diameter of 10 mm.
Effective depth: d=150 mm−20 mm − 10 mm = 120 mm
2. Load Calculations: Factored load:
= 1.35 (3.75 + 0.5) + 1.5(2.0) = 8.74 kN/m2
3. Moment Calculation:
For a one-way slab spanning 4 m,
Maximum bending moment:
M = Factored Load x L2/8
M = 8.74 (4)2 /8 = 17.48 kN/m
4. Reinforcement Area (As):
As=M/0.87fyz
As =17.48 kN/m \0.87 fyz
fy=400 MPa
Lever Arm = z = 0.95 x d = 0.95 x 120 = 114mm = 0.114m
As = 17.48 x 106/ 0.87 x 400 x 0.114 = 440.613 mm2/m
Provide reinforcement using bars spaced appropriately (e.g., 10 mm diameter bars at 200
mm spacing).
5. Deflection Check:
Span-depth ratio: L / d=4000 / 120=33.33<35 (Standard 2004)

The allowable limit for a one-way slab (L/d) is 28 (for simply supported slabs) or 35
(for continuous slabs, assuming proper continuity in your design).

Step 3: Bar Spacing Calculation

1. Reinforcement Required (As):

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 As=440.613 mm2
2. Bar Details:
 Bar diameter: ϕ=10 mm
 Cross-sectional area of one bar: =π/4ϕ2=π/4 x (10)2=78.54 mm2
3. Spacing Calculation:
Spacing=Abar/As×1000=78.54/440.613×1000=178 mm
4. Provided Spacing:
Use a standard bar spacing of 180 mm (approx. 178mm).
5. Reinforcement Details for the Slab:
 Main bars (tension): 10 mm ϕ @ 180 mm c/c along the span direction.
 Distribution bars (shrinkage): 10 mm ϕ@ 200 mm c/c perpendicular to the span.

Step 4: Beam Design

Calculating both secondary beams and main beams.

1: Secondary Beam Design
Assumptions and Parameters:
 Span: 6 m (spanning between main beams).
 Spacing: Secondary beams are spaced at 2 m apart.
 Factored Load (from slab):
Slab load transferred to the secondary beam:
W slab=W factored x tributary width=8.74 x 2=17.48 kN/m
2: Moment and Shear Calculations:
 Maximum bending moment: M=wL2/8 =17.48 x (6)2/8=78.66 kN/m
 Maximum shear force: V = w L/2=17.48 x 6/2=52.42 kN
3: Reinforcement Design:
1. Effective Depth (d):
Assume d=500 mm, cover = 25 mm, bar diameter = 16 mm.
d=500−25−16=459 mm
2. Width of the Beam:
V ed=Maximum design Shear Stress Limit ≤ 2
V ed=0.035x√16.67 =0.143Mpa

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 F cd = f ck /Ωc=25/1.5 =16.67Mpa
(f ck=Design characteristic compressive strength of concrete 25/30 and Ωc is the
partial safety factor of concrete)
For Secondary Beam V= 52.42 kN, d=500mm
V ed =0.8 ≤ 2
b = (V/(V ed x d)) =(52.42 kN x 1000 / (0.8 x 500)) =131 mm
as width cannot be taken less than 200 mm so b = 200 mm.
Lever Arm (z):
z=0.95 x d=0.95 x 459=436.05 mm
3. Area of Steel (As):
As=M/0.87fyz=78.66 x 106/0.87 x 400 x 436.05=518.36 mm2
Provide 16 mm bars, spacing calculated as:
Area of bar = Abar=π/4 x (16)2= 201mm2
Spacing=Abar/ As = 201 / 518.36 x 1000=387 mm.
Use 16 mm bars @ 300 mm c/c.
4. Shear Reinforcement:
For shear, if concrete shear capacity (Vc) is insufficient:
Provide stirrups; 8 mmϕ@150 mm c/c

Step 5: Main Beam Design

1. Load from Secondary Beams:

Tributary load: =17.48 x 6 =104.88 kN/m
2. Moment and Shear Calculations:
Maximum bending moment (M):
M=wL2/8=104.88 x (4)2/8=209.76 kNm
Maximum shear force (V):
V= w L/2=104.88 x 4/2=209.76 kN
3. Reinforcement Design:
1. Effective Depth (d):
Assume d=600 mm, cover = 30 mm, bar diameter = 20 mm.
d=600−30−20=550 mm

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 2. Width of the Beam:
V ed=Maximum design Shear Stress Limit ≤ 2
V ed=0.035x√16.67 =0.143Mpa
F cd=fck/Ωc=25/1.5 =16.67Mpa
(fck=Design characteristic compressive strength of concrete 25/30 and Ωc is the partial
safety factor of concrete)
For Main Beam V= 209.76 kN, d=600mm
Ved=1.2 ≤ 2
b = (V/(Vedx d)) =(209.76 kN x1000 / (1.2 x 600)) =291.33 mm
so b = 300 mm.
3. Area of Steel (As):
As=M/0.87fyz=209.76 x 106/0.87 x 400 x 0.95 x 550=1153.60 mm2
Provide 20 mm bars, spacing calculated as:
Area of bar = Abar=π/4 x (20)2= 314 mm2
Spacing = Abar / As x 1000=314 / 1153.60 x 1000=272 mm
Use 20 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c.
4. Shear Reinforcement:
Provide stirrups (10 mm ϕ) @ 200 mm c/c.

Beam Deflection Check:

Span-depth ratio limit for beams is 20 (assuming moderately loaded, continuous beam)

 Secondary beam = L/d = 6000 / 459 = 13.06

 Main beam = L / d = 4000 / 550 = 7.27

Both secondary and main beams meet the deflection criteria comfortably.

Step 6: Column Design

1. Axial Load:
Factored axial load: N=Total Load from Beams=104.88 x 6=629.28 kN
2. Column Size and Reinforcement:

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  Assume 300 mm×300 mm
 Provide 4% reinforcement: As=0.04 x 300 x 300=3600 mm2
 Use 6 bars of 20 mm diameter

Slenderness Check:

1. Effective Length Calculation:

 Assume both ends of the column are pinned.
Effective length Leff=0.7×L, where L=3.5 m(floor-to-floor height)
Leff=0.7×3.5=2.45m
2. Slenderness Ratio:
λ=Leffr\ r where, r=I/A
r= (3004/12)1/2/300= 86.6mm
λ=2450 / 86.6=28.29
Slenderness limit (EC2): 25 for braced columns, and 40 for unbraced columns.

Sketch:
The following diagrams contain 3-D, Sections, Elevation, and Plan view of the designed bay.

Figure 1 3D View

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 Figure 2 Beam Column Cross-section

Figure 3
Frame Cross-
section

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 Figure 4 Beam Cross-section

Figure 5 Column Cross-section

Figure 6 Reinforcement Bars

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Reference list

Ali, M.M. and Al-Kodmany, K. (2022) ‘Structural Systems for Tall Buildings’, Encyclopedia,
2(3), pp. 1260–1286. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030085.

Shuttleworth, S.M., De Koker, N. and Walls, R.S. (2021) ‘Insulation Resistance Time Reference
Curves for Specifying Passive Fire Protection for Modular Structures from Shipping Containers’,
Fire Technology [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-021-01143-9.

Wilson Uwemedimo Nyong, Omoniyi Olusegun Desmond and Odeyemi Samson Olalekan
(2023) ‘Comparative analysis and design of solid ribbed and waffle slabs for residential
buildings: A review’, Indian Journal of Engineering, 20(53), pp. 1–14. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v20i53/e14ije1014.

Xiao-Ling Zhao (2024) Limit State Design - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics,

www.sciencedirect.com. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/limit-
state-design.

Brooker, O. and A. Ashour (2024). Structural Design of Reinforced Concrete Elements to

Eurocode 2. Structural Design of Buildings: Elemental Design, Emerald Publishing Limited: 1-
22.

Standard, B. (2004). "Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures—." Part 1(1): 230.

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