GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Pharm.D.
1styear

Subject Name: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Subject Code: 818801

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the
human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of
various body systems. Since a medicament, which is produced by pharmacist, is used to correct the deviations
in human body, it enhances the understanding of how the drugs act on the various body systems in correcting
the disease state of the organs.

Objective:
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
a. describe the structure (gross and histology) and functions of various organs of the human body;
b. describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances of various systems;
c. identify the various tissues and organs of the different systems of the human body;
d. perform the hematological tests and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and Respiratory volumes;
e. appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system; and
f. appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of human
body

TeachingScheme (Hours) EvaluationScheme(Marks) Totalmarks

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 3 7 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

No. eightage
1 Scope of anatomy and physiology,basic terminologies used in this 4 4.5%
subject (Description of the body as such planes and terminologies)
2 Structure of cell–its components and their functions. 5 5.5%

3 Elementary tissues of the human body: Epithelial, Connective, 4 4.5%

Muscular and Nervous tissues –their sub-types and characteristics
4 a) Osseoussystem- structure, composition and functions of the 4 4.5%
Skeleton.(done inpracticalclasses-6hrs)
b) Classification of joints,Types of movements of joints and
disorders of joints(Definitions only)
5 Haemopoetic System 6 6.5%
a) Composition and functions of blood
b) Haemopoesis and disorders of blood components(definition of
disorder)
c) Bloodgroups
d) Clottingfactorsandmechanism
e) Plateletsand disordersofcoagulation
6 Lymph 3 3.5%
a) Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, formation and
circulation.
b) Spleen:structureandfunctions,Disorders
c) Disordersoflymphaticsystem(definitiononly)
7 Cardiovascular system 7 8%
a) Anatomy and functions of heart
b) Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic
circulation)
c) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
d) Cardiac cycle and heart sounds
e) Blood pressure – its maintenance and regulation
f) Definition of the following disorders Hypertension, Hypotension,
Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, Angina, Myocardial infarction,
Congestive heart failure, Cardiac arrhythmias

8 Respiratory system 6 6.5%

a) Anatomy of respiratory organs and functions
b) Mechanism / physiology of respiration and regulation of respiration
c) Transport of respiratory gases
d) Respiratory volumes and capacities, and Definition of: Hypoxia,
Asphyxia, Dybarism, Oxygen therapy and resuscitation.

9 Digestive system 6 6.5%

a) Anatomy and physiology of GIT
b) Anatomy and functions of accessory glands of GIT
c) Digestion and absorption
d) Disorders of GIT (definitions only)

10 Nervous system a) Definition and classification of nervous system 9 10%

b) Anatomy, physiology and functional areas of cerebrum
c) Anatomy and physiology of cerebellum
d) Anatomy and physiology of mid brain
e) Thalamus, hypothalamus and Basal Ganglia
f) Spinal card: Structure & reflexes – mono-poly-planter
g) Cranial nerves – names and functions
h) ANS – Anatomy & functions of sympathetic & parasympathetic N.S.

11 Urinary system 6 6.5%

a) Anatomy and physiology of urinary system
b) Formation of urine
c) Renin Angiotensin system – Juxtaglomerular apparatus - acid base
Balance
d) Clearance tests and micturition

12 Endocrine system a) Pituitary gland b) Adrenal gland c) Thyroid and 7 8%

Parathyroid glands d) Pancreas and gonads
 13 Reproductive system 8 9%
a) Male and female reproductive system
b) Their hormones – Physiology of menstruation
c) Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
d) Sex determination (genetic basis)
e) Pregnancy and maintenance and parturition
f) Contraceptive devices

14 Sense organs a) Eye b) Ear c) Skin d) Tongue & Nose 6 6.5%

15 Skeletal muscles a) Histology b) Physiology of Muscle contraction c) 5 5.5%
Physiological properties of skeletal muscle and their disorders
(definitions)
16 Sports physiology 4 4.5%
a) Muscles in exercise, Effect of athletic training on muscles and muscle
performance,
b) Respiration in exercise, CVS in exercise, Body heat in exercise, Body
fluids and salts in exercise,
c) Drugs and athletics

CourseMaterials:

Text books (Latest edition)

1. Tortora Gerard J. and Nicholas, P. Principles of anatomy and physiology Publisher Harpercollins
college New York.
2. Wilson, K.J.W. Ross and Wilson’s foundations of anatomy and physiology. Publisher: Churchill
Livingstone, Edinburg..

Reference books (Latest edition)

1. Guyton arthur, C. Physiology of human body. Publisher: Holtsaunders.
2. Chatterjee,C.C. Human physiology. Volume 1&11. Publisher: medical allied agency, Calcutta.
3. Peter L. Williams, Roger Warwick, Mary Dyson and Lawrence, H.
4. Gray’s anatomy. Publisher:Churchill Livingstone, London.

HUMAN ANATOMYPHYSIOLOGY

Practical (3 Hours/ Week, 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. No. Experiments

1 Study of tissues of human body

(a) Epithelial tissue. (b) Muscular tissue.
2 Study of tissues of human body
(a) Connective tissue. (b) Nervous tissue.
3 Study of appliances used in hematological experiments.

4 Determination of W.B.C. count of blood

5 Determination of R.B.C. count of blood.

6 Determination of differential count of blood.

 7 Determination of
(a) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. (b) Hemoglobin content of Blood. (c) Bleeding time &
Clotting time
8 Determination of (a) Blood Pressure. (b) Blood group.

9 Study of various systems with the help of charts, models & specimens
(a) Skeleton system part I-axial skeleton. (b) Skeleton system part II- appendicular skeleton. (c)
Cardiovascular system. (d) Respiratory system. (e) Digestive system. (f) Urinary system. (g)
Nervous system. (h) Special senses. (i) Reproductive system.

10 Study of different family planning appliances.

11 To perform pregnancy diagnosis test

12 Study of appliances used in experimental physiology.

13 To record simple muscle curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.

14 To record simple summation curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation

15 To record simple effect of temperature using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.

16 To record simple effect of load & after load using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation.

17 To record simple fatigue curve using gastroenemius sciatic nerve preparation

CourseMaterials:

Text books
1. Goyal, R. K, Natvar M.P, and Shah S.A, Practical anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, latest
edition, Publisher: B.S Shah Prakashan, Ahmedabad

Referencebooks
1. Ranade VG, Text book of practical physiology, Latest edition, Publisher: PVG, Pune Anderson
Experimental Physiology, Latest edition

Scheme of PracticalExamination
Internal/Sessional External
Identification 04 10
Synopsis 04 10
MajorExperiment 07 20
MinorExperiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-
voce and record maintenance).
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D.
1st year

SubjectName: Pharmaceutics
SubjectCode: 818802

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of formulating
different dosage forms. It prepares the students for most basics of the applied field of pharmacy.

Objectives:
Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
a. know the formulation aspects of different dosage forms;
b. do different pharmaceutical calculation involved in formulation;
c. formulate different types of dosage forms; and
d. appreciate the importance of good formulation for effectiveness.

TeachingScheme EvaluationScheme Total

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical Marks
External Internal External Internal
2 1 3 6 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. No. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

eightage
1 a. Introduction to dosage forms - classification and definitions 6 10%
b. Prescription: definition, parts and handling
c. Posology: Definition, Factors affecting dose selection. Calculation
of children and infant doses.
2 a.
Historical back ground and development of profession of pharmacy 2 3%
and pharmaceutical industry in brief.
3 Development of Indian Pharmacopoeia and introduction to other 2 3%
Pharmacopoeias such as BP, USP, European Pharmacopoeia, Extra
pharmacopoeia and Indian national formulary.
4 Weights and measures, Calculations involving percentage solutions, 5 8.5%
allegation, proof spirit, isotonic solutions etc.
5 Powders and Granules: Classification advantages and disadvantages, 8 13.5%
Preparation of simple, compound powders, Insufflations, Dusting
powders, Eutectic and Explosive powders, Tooth powder and
effervescent powders and granules.
6 Monophasic Dosage forms: Theoretical aspects of formulation 7 11.5%
including adjuvant like stabilizers, colorants, flavours with examples.
Study of Monophasic liquids like gargles, mouth washes, Throat
paint, Ear drops, Nasal drops, Liniments and lotions, Enemas and
collodions.
7 Biphasic dosage forms: Suspensions and emulsions, Definition, 6 10%
advantages and disadvantages, classification, test for the type of
emulsion, formulation, stability and evaluation.
8 Suppositories and pessaries: Definition, advantages and 4 6.5%
disadvantages, types of base, method of preparation, Displacement
value and evaluation.
 9 Galenicals: Definition, equipment for different extraction processes 5 8.5%
like infusion, Decoction, Maceration and Percolation, methods of
preparation of spirits, tinctures and extracts.
10 Pharmaceutical calculations. 6 10%
11 Surgical aids: Surgical dressings, absorbable gelatin sponge, sutures, 3 5%
ligatures and medicated bandages
12 Incompatibilities: Introduction, classification and methods to 6 10%
overcome the incompatibilities.
CourseMaterials: (Latest edition)

Text books
a. Cooper and Gunns Dispensing for pharmacy students
b. A text book Professional Pharmacy by N.K.Jain and S.N.Sharma.

Reference books
a. Introduction to Pharmaceutical dosage forms by Howard C. Ansel.
b. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
c. Register of General Pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
d. General Pharmacy by M.L.Schroff.

Pharm.D.
1styear.
PHARMACEUTICS

Practical(3 Hours/ Week, 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. Experiments
No.
1 Syrups
a. Simple Syrup I.P b. Syrup of Ephedrine Hcl NF c. Syrup Vasaka IP d. Syrup of ferrous
Phosphate IP e. Orange Syrup
2 Elixir
a. Piperizine citrate elixir BP b. Cascara elixir BPC c. Paracetamol elixir BPC
3 Linctus
a. Simple Linctus BPC
a. b. Pediatric simple Linctus BPC
4 Solutions
a. Solution of cresol with soap IP b. Strong solution of ferric chloride BPC c. Aqueous Iodine
Solution IP d. Strong solution of Iodine IP e. Strong solution of ammonium acetate IP
5 Liniments
a. Liniment of turpentine IP*
a. b. Liniment of camphor IP
6 Suspensions*
a. Calamine lotion b. Magnesium Hydroxide mixture BP
7 Emulsions*
a. Cod liver oil emulsion
a. b. Liquid paraffin emulsion
8 Powders
9Powde Suppositories suppositories
rs
10 Incompatibilities a. Mixtures with Physical b. Chemical & Therapeutic incompatibilities
Eutecti
c
powder
 CourseMaterials:
Text Book & Reference book: (Latest edition)
1. Practical Pharmaceutics, R. S. Gaud & G. D. Gupta
2. A practical book of Pharmaceutics I, Dr. Sanjar Alam & Dr Jaganath Sahoo
3. A practical Handbook of Pharmaceutics, Dr. A. A. Hajare & Dr D. A. Bhagwat
4. Dispensing Pharmacy, R. M. Mehta
5. Indian Pharmacopeia and U S Pharmacopeia
6. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy, leon lachman and Herbert A.liebarman.

Scheme of PracticalExamination
Internal/Sessional External
Synopsis 05 15
MajorExperiment 10 25
MinorExperiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-
voce and record maintenance).
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D.1s
tyear

SubjectName: Medicinal Biochemistry

SubjectCode:818803

Scope of the Subject: Applied biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular level of
the chemical process associated with living cells. Clinical chemistry deals with the study of chemical aspects
of human life in health and illness and the application of chemical laboratory methods to diagnosis, control
of treatment, and prevention of diseases.

Objectives of the Subject (Know, do, appreciate) : The objective of the present course is providing
biochemical facts and the principles to the students of pharmacy. Upon completion of the subject student shall
be able to –
a. understand the catalytic activity of enzymes and importance of iso enzymes in diagnosis of diseases;
b. know the metabolic process of biomolecules in health and illness (metabolic disorders);
c. understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome; protein synthesis; replication; mutation and
repair mechanism;
d. know the biochemical principles of organ function tests of kidney, liver and endocrine gland; and
e. do the qualitative analysis and determination of biomolecules in the body fluids.

TeachingScheme (Hours) EvaluationScheme(Marks) TotalMarks

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 3 7 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

No. eightage
1 Introduction to biochemistry: Cell and its biochemical organization, 5 5.5%
transport process across the cell membranes. Energy rich compounds;
ATP, Cyclic AMP and their biological significance.

2 Enzymes: Definition; Nomenclature; IUB classification; Factor 7 8%

affecting enzyme activity; Enzyme action; enzyme inhibition.
Isoenzymes and their therapeutic and diagnostic applications;
Coenzymes and their biochemical role and deficiency diseases.
3 Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), 16 18%
HMP shunt, Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis. Metabolic
disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus and glycogen
storage diseases); Glucose, Galactose tolerance test and their
significance; hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

4 Lipid metabolism: -oxidation); Ketogenesis 12 13%

and ketolysis; biosynthesis of fatty acids, lipids; metabolism of
cholesterol; Hormonal regulation of lipid metabolism. Defective
metabolism of lipids (Atheroslerosis, fatty liver, hypercholesterolmiea)

5 Biological oxidation: Coenzyme system involved in Biological 7 8%

oxidation. Electron transport chain (its mechanism in energy capture;
regulation and inhibition); Uncouplers of ETC; Oxidative
phosphorylation;
 6 Protein and amino acid metabolism: protein turn over; nitrogen 12 13%
balance; Catabolism of Amino acids (Transamination, deamination &
decarboxylation). Urea cycle and its metabolic disorders; production of
bile pigments; hyperbilirubinemia, porphoria, jaundice. Metabolic
disorder of Amino acids.
7 Nucleic acid metabolism: Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine 10 11%
nucleotides; Protein synthesis; Genetic code; inhibition of protein
synthesis; mutation and repair mechanism; DNA replication
(semiconservative /onion peel models) and DNA repair mechanism.

8 Introduction to clinical chemistry: Cell; composition; malfunction; 2 2%

Roll of the clinical chemistry laboratory.
9 The kidney function tests: Role of kidney; Laboratory tests for normal 5 5.5%
function includes- a) Urine analysis (macroscopic and physical
examination, quantitative and semiquantitative tests.) b) Test for NPN
constituents. (Creatinine /urea clearance, determination of blood and
urine creatinine, urea and uric acid) c) Urine concentration test d)
Urinary tract calculi. (stones)
10 Liver function tests: Physiological role of liver, metabolic, storage, 5 5.5%
excretory, protective, circulatory functions and function in blood
coagulation. a) Test for hepatic dysfunction-Bile pigments metabolism.
b) Test for hepatic function test- Serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin, and
urine urobilinogen. c) Dye tests of excretory function. d) Tests based
upon abnormalities of serum proteins. Selected enzyme tests.

11 Lipid profile tests: Lipoproteins, composition, functions. 3 3.5%

Determination of serum lipids, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol and triglycerides.
12 Immunochemical techniques for determination of hormone levels and 3 3.5%
protein levels in serum for endocrine diseases and infectious diseases.
Radio immuno assay (RIA) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
(ELISA)
13 Electrolytes: Body water, compartments, water balance, and electrolyte 3 3.5%
distrubution. Determination of sodium, calcium potassium, chlorides,
bicarbonates in the body fluids.

CourseMaterials: (Latest edition)

Text books (Theory)

a. Harpers review of biochemistry - Martin
b. Text book of biochemistry – D.Satyanarayana
c. Text book of clinical chemistry- Alex kaplan &Laverve L.Szabo

Reference books (Theory)

a. Principles of biochemistry -- Lehninger
b. Text book of biochemistry -- Ramarao
c. Practical Biochemistry-David T.Plummer.
d. Practical Biochemistry-Pattabhiraman.
 Pharm.D.
1styear
MEDICINAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Practical (3 Hours/ Week, 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. No. Experiments

1 Qualitative analysis of normal constituents of urine.*

2 Qualitative analysis of abnormal constituents of urine.*
3 Quantitative estimation of urine sugar by Benedict’s reagent method.**
4 Quantitative estimation of urine chlorides by Volhard's method.**
5 Quantitative estimation of urine creatinine by Jaffe’s method.**

6 Quantitative estimation of urine calcium by precipitation method.**

7 Quantitative estimation of serum cholesterol by Libermann Burchard’s method.**

8 Preparation of Folin Wu filtrate from blood.*

9 Quantitative estimation of blood creatinine.**

10 Quantitative estimation of blood sugar Folin-Wu tube method.**

11 Estimation of SGOT in serum.**

12 Estimation of SGPT in serum.**

13 Estimation of Urea in Serum.**

14 Estimation of Proteins in Serum.**

15 Determination of serum bilirubin**

16 Determination of Glucose by means of Glucoseoxidase.**

17 Enzymatic hydrolysis of Glycogen/Starch by Amylases.**

18 Study of factors affecting Enzyme activity. (pH & Temp.)**

19 Preparation of standard buffer solutions and its pH measurements (any two)*

20 Experiment on lipid profile tests**

21 Determination of sodium,calcium and potassium in serum.**

** indicate major experiments & * indicate minor experiment

Referencebooks (Practical)
a. Practical Biochemistry-DavidT.Plummer.
b. Practical Biochemistry-Pattabhiraman.
Assignments:
Format of the assignment
1. Minimum & Maximum number of pages.
2. It shall be computer draft copy.
3. Reference(s) shall be included at the end.
4. Name and signature of the student.
5. Assignment can be a combined presentation at the end of the academic year.
6. Time allocated for presentation may be 8+2 Min.

Scheme of Practical Examination

Internal/Sessional External
Synopsis 05 15
MajorExperiment 10 25
MinorExperiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practical sessional plus 10 marks for regularity, promptness, viva-
voce and record maintenance).
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D.

1styear

Subject Name: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry

Subject Code: 818804

Scope: This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reaction of organic compounds. Reactivity
of organic compounds is also included here. The course emphasizes on mechanism and orientation of
reactions.

Objectives:
This course is designed to impart a very good knowledge about
a. IUPAC/Common system of nomenclature of simple organic compounds belonging to different classes of
organic compounds;
b. Some important physical properties of organic compounds;
c. Free radical/ nucleophyllic [alkyl/ acyl/ aryl] /electrophyllic substitution, free radical/ nucleophyllic /
electrophyllic addition, elimination, oxidation and reduction reactions with mechanism, orientation of the
reaction, order of reactivity, stability of compounds;
d. Some named organic reactions with mechanisms; and e. Methods of preparation, test for purity, principle
involved in the assay, important medicinal uses of some important organic compounds.

TeachingScheme (Hours) EvaluationScheme(Marks) Totalmarks

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 3 7 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. CourseContents Hour Module

No. s Weight
age

1 Structures and Physical properties: 9 10%

a. Polarity of bonds, polarity of molecules, M.P, Inter molecular forces, B.P,
Solubility, non ionic solutes and ionic solutes, protic and aprotic Solvents,
ion pairs,
b. Acids and bases, Lowry bronsted and Lewis theories
c. Isomerism
2 Nomenclature of organic compound belonging to the following classes 8 9%
Alkanes, Alkenes, Dienes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Amides,
Amines, Phenols, Alkyl Halides, Carboxylic Acid, Esters, Acid Chlorides
And Cycloalkanes.

3 Free radicals chain reactions of alkane : Mechanism, relative reactivity and 6 6.5%
stability
4 Alicyclic compounds : Preparations of cyclo alkanes, Bayer strain theory 3 3.5%
and orbital picture of angle strain.
5 Nuclophilic aliphatic substitution mechanism: Nucleophiles and leaving 7 8%
groups, kinetics of second and first order reaction, mechanism and kinetics
of SN2 reactions. Stereochemistry and steric hindrance, role of solvents,
phase transfer catalysis, mechanism and kinetics of SN1 reactions,
stereochemistry, carbocation and their stability, rearrangement of
carbocation, role of solvents in SN1 reaction, Ion dipole bonds, SN2 versus
SN1 solvolyses, nucleophilic assistance by the solvents.

6 Dehydro halogenation of alkyl halides: 1,2 elimination, kinetics, E2 and E1 5 5.5%

mechanism, elimination via carbocation, evidence for E2 mechanism,
absence of rearrangement isotope effect, absence hydrogen exchange, the
element effect, orientation and reactivity, E2 versus E1, elimination versus
substitution, dehydration of alcohol, ease of dehydration, acid catalysis,
reversibility, orientation.
7 Electrophillic and free radicals addition: Reactions at carbon-carbon, double 6 6.5%
bond, electrophile, hydrogenation, heat of hydrogenation and stability of
alkenes, markownikoff rule, addition of hydrogen halides, addition of
hydrogen bromides, peroxide effect, electrophillic addition, mechanism,
rearrangement, absence of hydrogen exchange, orientation and reactivity,
addition of halogen, mechanism, halohydin formation, mechanism of free
radicals additon, mechanism of peroxide initiated addition of hydrogen
bromide, orientation of free addition, additions of carbene to alkene, cyclo
addition reactions.

8 Carbon-carbon double bond as substituents: Free radical halogenations of 4 4.5%

alkenes, comparision of free radical substitution with free radical addition,
free radical substitution in alkenes, orientation and reactivity, allylic
rearrangements.

9 Theory of resonance: Allyl radical as a resonance hybrid, stability, orbital 6 6.5%

picture, resonance stabilisation of allyl radicals, hyper conjugation, allyl
cation as a resonance hybrid, nucleophyllic substitution in allylic substrate,
SN1 reactivity, allylic rearrangement, resonance stabilisation of allyl cation,
hyper conjugation, nucleophilic substitution in allylic substrate, SN2
nucleophilic substituion in vinylic substrate, vinylic cation, stability of
conjugated dienes, resonance in alkenes, hyper conjugation, ease of
formation of conjugated dienes, orientation of elimination, electrophilic
addition to conjugated dienes, 1,4- addition, 1,2-versus 1,4-addition, rate
versus equilibrium, orientation and reactivity of free radical addition to
conjugated dienes.

10 Elecrophilic aromatic substitution: Effect of substituent groups, 6 6.5%

determination of orientation, determination of relative reactivity,
classification of substituent group, mechanism of nitration, sulphonation,
halogenation, friedel craft alkylation, friedel craft acylation, reactivity and
orientation, activating and deactivating O,P,M directing groups, electron
release via resonance, effect of halogen on electrophilic aromatic
substitution in alkyl benzene, side chain halogination of alkyl benzene,
resonance stabilization of benzyl radical.
 11 Nucleophilic addition reaction: Mechanism, ionisation of carboxylic acids, 5 5.5%
acidity constants, acidity of acids, structure of carboxylate ions, effect of
substituent on acidity, nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, conversion of
acid to acid chloride, esters, amide and anhydride. Role of caboxyl group,
comparison of alkyl nucleophilic substitution with acyl nucleophilic
substitution.
12 Mechanism of aldol condensation, claisen condensation, cannizzaro 5 5.5%
reaction, crossed aldol condensation, crossed cannizzaro reaction, benzoin
condensation, perkin condensation. Knoevenagel, Reformatsky reaction,
Wittig reaction, Michael addition.
13 Hoffman rearrangement: Migration to electron deficient nitrogen, 5 5.5%
Sandmeyer’s reaction, basicity of amines, diazotisation and coupling,
acidity of phenols, Williamson synthesis, Fries rearrangement, Kolbe
reaction, Reimer tieman’s reactions.

14 Nucleophilic aromatic substitution: Bimolecular displacement mechanisms, 4 4.5%

orientation, comparison of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution with that of
aromatic.

15 Oxidation reduction reaction. 5 5.5%

16 Study of the following official compounds- preparation, test for purity, 6 6.5%
assay and medicinal uses of Chlorbutol, Dimercaprol, Glyceryl trinitrate,
Urea, Ethylene diamine dihyrate, Vanillin, Paraldehyde, Ethylene chloride,
Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl
salicylate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, dimethyl pthalate, sodium lauryl
sulphate, saccharin sodium, mephensin.
CourseMaterials: (Latest edition)

Text books
a. T.R.Morrison and R. Boyd-Organicchemistry,
b. BentleyandDriver-Text book of Pharmaceutical chemistry
c. I.L.Finer- Organicchemistry, the fundamentalsof chemistry
Referencebooks
a. Organicchemistry– J.M.Cram and D.J.Cram
b. Organicchemistry-Brown
c. Advancedorganicchemistry- JerryMarch, Wiley
d. Organicchemistry-Cram and Hammered, PineHendrickson
Pharm.D.1styearPHARMACEUTICALORGANICCHEMISTRY
Practical (3 Hours / Week; 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. No. Experiments

1 Introduction to the various laboratory techniques through demonstration involving

synthesis of the following compounds (at least 8 compounds to be synthesised):
1. Acetanilde / aspirin (Acetylation)
2. Benzanilide / Phenyl benzoate (Benzoylation)
3. P-bromo acetanilide / 2,4,6 – tribromo aniline (Bromination)
4. Dibenzylidene acetone (Condensation)
5. 1-Phenylazo-2-napthol (Diazotisation and coupling)
6. Benzoic acid / salicylic acid (Hydrolysis of ester)
7. M-dinitro benzene (Nitration)
8. 9, 10 – Antharaquinone (Oxidation of anthracene) / preparation of benzoic acid from toluene or
benzaldehyde
9. M-phenylene diamine (Reduction of M-dinitrobenzene) / Aniline from nitrobenzene
10. Benzophenone oxime
11. Nitration of salicylic acid
12. Preparation of picric acid
13. Preparation of O-chlorobenzoic acid from O-chlorotolune
14. Preparation of cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol
2 Identification of organic compounds belonging to the following classes by :
Systematic qualitative organic analysis including preparation of derivatives Phenols, amides,
carbohydrates, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehyde and ketones, Alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons,
anilides, nitrocompounds.
3 Introduction to the use of stereo models: Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, Acetylene, Cis alkene,
Trans alkene, inversion of configuration.
Course material:
Text book and Reference book: (Latest edition)
1. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
2. Vogel’s text book of Practical organic Chemistry
3. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry by N. K. Vishnoi
4. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz

Scheme of PracticalExamination
Internal/Sessional External
Synopsis 05 15
MajorExperiment 10 25
MinorExperiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marksis30(20forpracticalsessionalplus10marksforregularity,promptness,viva-voce and

record maintenance)
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D
st
1 year

Subject Name: Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry

Subject Code: 818805

Scope: This course mainly deals with fundamentals of Analytical chemistry and also the study of
inorganic pharmaceuticals regarding their monographs and also the course deals with basic
knowledge of analysis of various pharmaceuticals.

Objectives:
Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
1. understand the principles and procedures of analysis of drugs and also regarding the
application of inorganic pharmaceuticals;
2. know the analysis of the inorganic pharmaceuticals their applications
3. appreciate the importance of inorganic pharmaceuticals in preventing and curing the
disease

TeachingScheme EvaluationScheme Total

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical Marks
External Internal External Internal
2 1 3 6 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

No. eightage
1 Errors: 2 3.5%
Errorsin Analysis: Error, Accuracy and Precision, Types of Errors,
Methods of expressing precision, Test for rejection of data, Significant
figures, Rounding of figures, Confidence limits
2 Volumetric analysis (Titrimetric analysis)
2.1 Acid-base titrations: 7 11.5%
Relative strength and its effect on titration, commonion effect,pH,
Henderson-Hessel bach equation, buffers, neutralization curve, acid bas
indicators, theory of indicators, back titrations, biphasictitrations,
pharmacopoeial applications ,hydrolysis of salts, ion ic products of water
and law of mass action.
2.2 Redoxtitrations : 6 10%
Theory of redox titrations, redoxindicators, types of redoxtitrations,
iodometry, cerrimetry, mercury metry,diazotizationnitritetitrations,2,6-
dichlorophenolindophenoltitrations,titrationcurveandcalculations of
potentials during course of titrations.
2.3 Nonaqueoustitrations : 3 5%
Nonaqueous solvents, titrantsand indicators. Differentiating and leveling
solvents.
2.4 Argentometric or precipitationtitrations : 3 5%
Mohrs, FajansandVolhardmethods
2.5 Complexometrictitrations : 4 6.5%
Theory of the titrations, titrant, indicators and pharmacopoeial
applications.
3 Gravimetric analysis : 3 5%
Stability, solubility products, types of precipitations ,precipitation
techniques, pharmacopoeial applications
4 Impurities inPharmaceuticals: 4 6.5%
Sources of impurities, tests for purity and identity,limit tests foriron,
arsenic, lead, heavy metals,chloride,sulphate.
5 Gases and Vapors: 2 3.5%
Oxygen,AnestheticsandRespiratoryStimulants
6 Acidifying agents: 1 1.5%
DiluteHCl
7 Antacids: 2 3.5%
Types, Ideal characteristics of anantacid, Aluminium compounds,
Calcium compounds, Magnesium compounds, Sodium compounds,
Combination of Antacids
8 Cathartics: 2 3.5%
Classification, Magnesiumhydroxide, Magnesiumsulphate, Sodium
Phosphate, Dried Sodium Phosphate, Sodium Potassiumtartarate,
Potassium bitartarate, Mercurouschloride
9 Majorintra and extra-cellularelectrolytes: 4 6.5%
Physiologicalions, electrolytesused for replacementtherapy,acids-base
balance andcombination therapy.
10 Essential and trace elements: 3 5%
Transition elements and their compounds of pharmaceutical importance:
Iron and haematinics, mineral supplements.
11 Antimicrobials 2 3.5%
12 Pharmaceutical Aids used inpharmaceuticalindustry:Anti- 3 5%
oxidants,preservatives,Filteraids, Adsorbents, Diluents
13 Dentalproducts: 2 3.5%
Dentifrices, Anti-caries agents.
14 Miscellaneous agents: 4 6.5%
Sclerosingagents,Expectorants,Emetics,poisonsandAnti-dotes,Sedatives
15 InorganicRadiopharmaceuticals: 3 5%
Nuclear radiopharmaceuticals, reactions, Nomenclature, Methods of
obtaining their standards and units of activity, measurements of activity,
clinical applications and dosage, hazards and precautions.

Course materials: (Latest edition)

Text books
a. A text book Inorganic medicinal chemistry by Surendra N. Pandeya
b. A. H.BeckettandJ. B. Stanlake’s Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry Vol-I&Vol-II
c. Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry III-Edition P.GunduRao
Reference books
a. Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry by Anand & Chetwal
b. Pharmaceutical Inorganic chemistry by Dr.B.G.Nagavi
c. Analytical chemistryprinciplesbyJohn H. Kennedy
d. I.P.1985and 1996,Govt. ofIndia, Ministryof health
 Pharm.D 1styear

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Practical (3 Hours/ Week, 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. Experiments
No.
1 Limit test (6 exercises)
a. Limit test for chlorides b. Limit test for sulphates c. Limit test for iron d. Limit test for heavy
metals e. Limit test for arsenic f. Modified limit tests for chlorides and sulphates
2 Assays (10 exercises)
a. Ammonium chloride- Acid-base titration b. Ferrous sulphate- Cerimetry c. Copper sulpahte-
Iodometry d. Calcilugluconate- Complexometry e. Hydrogen peroxide – Permanganometry f.
Sodium benzoate – Nonaqueous titration g. Sodium chloride – Modified volhard’s method h.
Assay of KI – KIO3 titration i. Gravimetric estimation of barium as barium sulphate j. Sodium
antimony gluconate or antimony potassium tartarate

3 Estimation of mixture (Any two exercises)

a. Sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate b. Boric acid and Borax c. Oxalic acid and sodium
oxalate

4 Test for identity (Any three exercises) a. Sodium bicorbonate b. Barium sulphate c. Ferrous
sulphate d. Potassium chloride
5 Test for purity (Any two exercises) a. Swelling power in Bentonite b. Acid neutralising
capacity in aluminium hydroxide gel c. Ammonium salts in potash alum d. Adsorption power
heavy Kaolin e. Presence of Iodates in KI
6 Preparations (Any two
exercises) a. Boric acids
b.Potash alum c. Calcium
lactate d. Magnesium suphate

Course Materials: (Latest edition)

1. A I Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis

2. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
3. Practical’s in inorganic and analytical chemistry by Hitesh G Raval
4. Bentley and Drivers Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Indian Pharmacopoeia
Scheme of Practical Examination
Internal/Sessional External
Synopsis 05 15
MajorExperiment 10 25
Minor Experiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marks is 30 (20 for practicalsessionalplus 10marksfor

regularity,promptness, viva-voceand recordmaintenance)
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D
1styear

Subject Name: Biology

Subject Code: 818806

Scope: This is an introductory course in Biology, which gives detailed study of natural sources such as plant
and animal origin. This subject has been introduces to the pharmacy course in order to make the student
aware of various naturally occurring drugs and its history, sources, classification, distribution and the
characters of the plants and animals. This subject gives basic foundation to Pharmacology.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:
1. Should know the history, modern concepts of biology and its relevance to pharmaceutical sciences
2. Know the classification and salient feature of five kingdoms of life
3. Knowledge about morphology of plant, flower, fruit and seed
4. Basic components of anatomy and physiology of plant along with study of microbes.
5. Learn about various tissue system and organ system in animals, Poisonous animals study, with special
reference to human beings and detailed study of different system of Frog

TeachingScheme (Hours) EvaluationScheme(Marks) Totalmarks

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 3 7 70 30 70 30 200

Sr. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

No. eightage
Part-A
1 Introduction 2 2%
2 General organization of plants and its inclusions 4 4.5%

3 Planttissues 4 4.5%

4 Plantkingdom and its classification 4 4.5%

5 Morphologyofplants 5 5.5%

6 Root, Stem,Leafand Itsmodifications 8 9%

7 InflorescenceandPollination offlowers 6 6.5%
8 Morphologyof fruits and seeds 6 6.5%
9 Plantphysiology 4 4.5%

10 TaxonomyofLeguminosae,umbelliferae,Solanaceae,Lilliaceae,Zinzib 8 9%
eraceae,Rubiaceae
11 Studyof Fungi,Yeast,Penicillinand Bacteria 10 11%
Part-B

1 Study of Animal cell 4 4.5%

2 Study animal tissues 4 4.5%

3 Detailedstudyof frog 6 6.5%

4 Study of Pisces, Raptiles, Aves 8 9%

5 General organization of mammals 4 4.5%

6 Study of poisonous animals 3 3.5%

CourseMaterials: (Latest edition)

Text books
1. Text book of Biology by S.B.Gokhale
b. A Textbook of Biology by Dr.Thulajappa and Dr.Seetaram.

Referencebooks
1. A Text book of Biology by B.V.SreenivasaNaidu
2. A Text book of Biology byNaidu and Murthy
3. Botany for Degree students By A.C.Dutta.
4. Outlines of Zoology by M.Ekambaranathaayyer and T.N.Ananthakrishnan.
5. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical byS.B.Gokhaleand C.K.Kokate.

Pharm.D. 1styearBIOLOGY

Practical (3 Hours/ Week, 6 Credits, 90 Hours)

Sr. No. Experiments

1 Introduction of biology experiments.
2 Study of cell wall constituents and cell inclusions.
3 Study of Stem modifications.
4 Study of Root modifications.
5 Study of Leaf modifications.
6 Identification of Fruits and seeds.
7 Preparation of Permanent slides.
8 T.S. of Senna, Cassia, Ephedra, Podophyllum.
9 Simple plant physiological experiments.
10 Identification ofanimals
11 Detailedstudyof Frog
12 Computerbasedtutorials

CourseMaterials: (Latest edition)

1. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical by S. B. Gokhale and C. K. Kokate.

 2. Practical Anatomy and Physiology by R. K. Goyal and Dr. Natvar M. Patel., B. S. Shah Prakashan.
3. Pharmacognosy by T.E Wallis
4. Pharmacognosy: MS. B.K. Shah, Dr. N.S. Kapadia, Nirav & Roopal Prakashan Ahmedabad, 2010-
2011.
5. Practical Pharmacognosy, Techniques and experiments, K. R. Khandelwal, Nirali prakashan, 16th
edition, 2006.

Scheme of PracticalExamination
Internal/Sessional External
Identification 04 10
Synopsis 04 10
MajorExperiment 07 20
MinorExperiment 03 15
Viva 02 15
Max.marks 20 70
Duration 3 hours 4 hours

Note: Total sessional marks is 30(20forpracticalsessionalplus10marksforregularity, promptness, viva-voce

and record maintenance)
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Pharm.D.
1styear

Subject Name: Remedial Mathematics

Subject Code: 818807

Scope: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subjects deals with the introduction to matrices,
determinants, trigonometry, analytical geometry, differential calculus, integral calculus, differential equations,
laplace transform.

Objectives:
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to : –
a. Know Trignometry, Analytical geometry, Matrices, Determinant, Integration, Differential equation, Laplace
transform and their applications;
b. solve the problems of different types by applying theory; and
c. appreciate the important applications of mathematics in pharmacy.

TeachingScheme (Hours) EvaluationScheme(Marks) Totalmarks

Theory Tutorial Practical Total Theory Practical
External Internal External Internal
3 1 0 4 70 30 0 0 100

Sr. CourseContents Hours ModuleW

No. eightage
1 Algebra : Determinants, Matrices 10 11%

2 Trigonometry : Sides and angles of a triangle, solution of triangles 12 13.5%

3 Analytical Geometry :Points, Straight line, circle, parabola 12 13.5%

4 Differential calculus: Limit of a function, Differential calculus, 18 20%
Differentiation of a sum, Product, Quotient Composite, Parametric,
exponential, trigonometric and Logarithmic function. Successive
differentiation, Leibnitz’s theorem, Partial differentiation, Euler’s
theorem on homogeneous functions of two variables
5 Integral Calculus: Definite integrals, integration by substitution and by 12 13.5%
parts, Properties of definite integrals
6 Differential equations: Definition, order, degree, variable separable, 16 17.5%
homogeneous, Linear, heterogeneous, linear, differential equation with
constant coefficient, simultaneous linear equation of second order.

7 Laplace transform: Definition, Laplace transform of elementary 10 11%

functions, Properties of linearity and shifting
Course materials: (Latest edition)
Text books
a. Differential calculus By Shantinarayan
b. Text book of Mathematics for second year pre-university by Prof.B.M.Sreenivas

Reference books
a. Integral calculus By Shanthinarayan
b. Engineering mathematics By B.S.Grewal c. Trigonometry Part-I By S.L.Loney