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Transforming Gendered Well Being in Europe The
Impact of Social Movements 1st Edition Jean-Michel
Bonvin Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Jean-Michel Bonvin, Alison E. Woodward (editor)
ISBN(s): 9781409402831, 1409402835
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 2.89 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
TRANSFORMING GENDERED
WELL-BEING IN EUROPE
 Gender and Well-Being
Series Editors: Cristina Borderías, Professor of Contemporary History,
University of Barcelona, Spain and Bernard Harris, Professor of the History
of Social Policy, University of Southampton, UK

The aim of this series is to enhance our understanding of the relationship between
gender and well-being by addressing the following questions:

‡ How can we compare levels of well-being between women and men?

‡ Is it possible to develop new indicators which reÀect a fuller understanding of
the nature of well-being in the twenty-¿rst century?
‡ How have women and men contributed to the improvement of individual
well-being at different times and in different places?
‡ What role should institutions play in promoting and maintaining well-being?
‡ In what ways have different social movements contributed to the improvement
of well-being over the last 300 years?

The volumes in this series are designed to provide rigorous social-scienti¿c answers
to these questions. The series emerges from a series of symposia, organized as part
of COST Action 34 on ‘Gender and Well-being: Work, Family and Public Policies’.
Participants were drawn from disciplines including economics, demography,
history, sociology, social policy and anthropology and they represent more than
20 European countries.

Also in this series

Gender and Well-Being

The Role of Institutions
Edited by Elisabetta Addis, Paloma de Villota, Florence Degavre
and John Eriksen
ISBN 978-1-4094-0705-8

Gender Inequalities, Households

and the Production of Well-Being in Modern Europe
Edited by Tindara Addabbo, Marie-Pierre Arrizabalaga, Cristina Borderías
and Alastair Owens
ISBN 978-0-7546-7968-4

Gender and Well-Being in Europe

Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
Edited by Bernard Harris, Lina Gálvez and Helena Machado
ISBN 978-0-7546-7264-7
 Transforming Gendered
Well-Being in Europe
The Impact of Social Movements

Edited by
ALISON E. WOODWARD
Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, Belgium
JEAN-MICHEL BONVIN
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Switzerland
MERCÈ RENOM
Institut Interuniversitari d’Estudis de Dones i Gènere, Spain

Routledge
ROUTLEDGE

Taylor & Francis Group

LONDON AND YORK

First published 2011 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by 5RXWOHGJH

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright © Alison E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom 2011

Alison E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom have asserted their right under the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identi¿ed as the editors of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices..

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Transforming gendered well-being in Europe : the impact of
social movements. -- (Gender and well-being)
1. Social movements--Europe--History--Congresses.
2. Political activists--Europe--History--Congresses.
3. Well-being--Sex differences--Europe--History--
Congresses. 4. Women--Services for--Europe--History--
Congresses. 5. Women--Services for--International
cooperation--Congresses. 6. Women--Political activity--
Europe--History--Congresses.
I. Series II. Woodward, Alison E., 1950- III. Bonvin,
Jean-Michel. IV. Renom, Mercè.
362'.0425'094-dc22

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Transforming gendered well-being in Europe : the impact of social movements / edited by Alison
E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom.
p. cm. -- (Gender and well-being)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-0283-1 (hbk) 1. Women--Political activity--Europe--History.
2. Women--Europe--Social conditions. 3. Social movements--Europe--History.
4. Feminism--Europe--History. 5. Well-being--Europe. 6. Europe--Social conditions. I.
Woodward, Alison E., 1950- II. Bonvin, Jean-Michel. III. Renom, Mercè.

HQ1236.5.E85T73 2011
303.48’4082094--dc22
2011009338
ISBN 978 1 4094 0283 1 (hbk)
 Contents

List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
Contributors xiii
Acknowledgements xxi
Preface xxiii

1 The Impact of Social Movements on Gendered Well-Being in Europe 1

Alison E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom

PART I: THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL AND MATERIAL

WELL-BEING AND POWER 11
Mercè Renom and Alison E. Woodward

2 Subsistence Movements in Eighteenth-Century Catalonia: Material

and Political Aspects in Gendered Food Protests 17
Mercè Renom

3 Money Matters: The Impacts of Class and Gender on the First Wave
Women’s Movement’s Financing Strategies 33
Pernilla Jonsson and Silke Neunsinger

4 Working Women and ‘De-Unionization’: The Struggles for Autonomy 51

Conchi Villar, Mònica Borrell, Carles Enrech, Juanjo Romero-Marín
and Jordi Ibarz

5 Second Wave Feminism and the Capability Approach: The Swiss Case 67
Sylvie Burgnard

6 Anti-Modernist Utopia in ‘New Europe’: Protest, Gender

and Well-Being 83
 $QGUHD3HWĘ
vi Transforming Gendered Well-Being in Europe

PART II: THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTIMATE CITIZENSHIP:

BODIES, PERSONAL CAPACITIES AND THE INTIMATE
CONDITIONS OF LIFE 85
Jean-Michel Bonvin

7 Gender, Family Policies and Democracy in Eastern Europe

after 1989 101
Jacqueline Heinen

8 Dutch Women’s Health Care Movement and the Transformation

of the Welfare State in the Netherlands, 1975–2005 117
Berteke Waaldijk

9 Rede¿ning Well-Being through Actions: Women’s Activism

and the Polish State 133
Magda Grabowska and Joanna Regulska

10 Not Quite Women: Lesbian Activism in Portugal 151

Ana Maria Brandão

11 ‘We Can’t Have Men Giving Birth!’ (But We Do): The Impact of the
Belgian Transgender Movement on the Well-Being of Transgender
Persons in Belgium 169
Joz Motmans

12 Intimate Citizenship and Gendered Well-Being: The Claims and

Interventions of Women’s Movements in Europe 187
Sasha Roseneil, Isabel Crowhurst, Tone Hellesund,
Ana Cristina Santos and Mariya Stoilova

PART III: THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL FORA AND

SPACES: MAKING A PLACE FOR GLOBAL ISSUES AND
THE TRANSFORMATION OF WOMEN’S WELL-BEING
BEYOND BORDERS
Alison E. Woodward

13 Women’s Mobilization in ConÀicts over Female Muslim Covering:

An Opportunity for the Well-Being of Women? 213
Leila Hadj-Abdou

14 Minority Inclusion, Self-Representation and Coalition-Building:

The Participation of Minority Women in European
Women’s Networks 231
Lise Rolandsen Agustín and Silke Roth
 Contents vii

15 Care Economies and Collective Well-Being in Contemporary

European Feminist Organizing 249
Wendy Harcourt

16 Conclusion: The Role of Social Movements in Transforming

Well-Being 265
Alison E. Woodward, Jean-Michel Bonvin and Mercè Renom

Index 273
This page has been left blank intentionally
 List of Figures

5.1 The capability approach as schematised by Robeyns (2005) 68

12.1 Claims and interventions around partnership in the UK 192
16.1 Steps in social mobilization 266
This page has been left blank intentionally
 List of Tables

3.1 Incomes of liberal/conservative and socialist women’s organizations

1885–1932, in per cent and US $ in real value (1913 price level) 36
3.2 Expenses of liberal/conservative and socialist women’s organizations
1885–1932, in per cent and US $ in real value (base 1913) 43
11.1 Overview of Belgian transgender groups (2004–09) 173
11.2 Transgender organisations in the typology of Aberle (1966) 174
This page has been left blank intentionally
 Contributors

Lise Rolandsen Agustín is Assistant Professor at the Feminist and Gender

Research Centre at Aalborg University (Denmark). She participates in the EU FP6
projects EUROSPHERE and QUING. She holds a PhD in gender studies and her
research ¿elds include transnational women’s activism and EU gender equality
policies.

Jean-Michel Bonvin is Professor of Sociology and Social Policy at the University

of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland. His main ¿elds of expertise include
social integration policies, theories of social justice and the capability approach
and the sociology of organisations. A recent book is Amartya Sen, Une Politique
de la Liberté (Michalon, 2008) with Nicolas Farvaque.

Cristina Borderías is Professor of Modern History at the University of Barcelona.

She has published widely in areas relating to the history of labour, women’s
paid and unpaid work and gender inequalities in Spain. Her recent publications
include ‘Women’s work and household economic strategies in industrializing
Catalonia’, Social History, 29(3), 2004, 373–83; Género y políticas del trabajo
en la España contemporánea (Icaria editorial, 2007), and (with C. Saras~a and P.
Pprez-Fuentes), ‘Gender inequalities in family consumption: Spain 1850–1930’,
in Gender Inequalities, Households and the Production of Well-being in Modern
Europe, co-edited with T. Addabbo, M.-P. Arrizabalaga and A. Owens (Ashgate,
2010).

Mònica Borrell is a PhD student at the Contemporary History Department of the

University of Barcelona within the group ‘Work, Institutions and Gender’. Her
thesis 7ULEXQDOHV,QGXVWULDOV\0DJLVWUDWXUDVGH7UDEDMR&RQÀLFWLYLGDG/DERUDO\
Condiciones de Trabajo (1931–1975) [Industrial Boards and Labour Magistrates:
/DERXU&RQÀLFWDQG:RUNLQJ&RQGLWLRQV ± @ focuses on labour conÀict
and working conditions from a gender perspective and is supervised by Professor
Cristina Borderías.

Ana Maria Brandão is a sociologist and Adjunct Professor of the Department of

Sociology of the Social Sciences Institute of the University of Minho. She received
her PhD in Sociology at the University of Minho in 2008 with a thesis entitled
‘What If You Were a Boy?’ Female Homo-eroticism and the Social Construction of
Identity. A recent publication related to the chapter’s theme is ‘Entre a Vida Vivida
e a Vida Contada: A Histyria de Vida Como Material Primário de Investigaomo
xiv Transforming Gendered Well-Being in Europe

Sociolygica’ [‘Between lived life and narrated life: the life-story as primary
material of sociological research’@, &RQ¿JXUDo}HV, 3, 2007, 83–106.

Sylvie Burgnard is a PhD student at the University of Geneva, where her research
focuses on the history of sexuality after 1968, through the analysis of different
types of discourses (medical, institutional and feminist) in Geneva. Her main
research ¿elds are the history of feminism, of sexuality and of medicine.

Isabel Crowhurst is a research fellow at the Birkbeck Institute for Social Research,
Birkbeck, University of London. She works on FEMCIT (www.femcit.org), an
EU FP6 project and she is responsible for the research on changes in intimate
citizenship in the UK. Isabel holds a PhD in Sociology from the London School
of Economics. Her thesis explored processes of racialisation and sexualisation of
migrant women operating in the sex industry in contemporary Italy. Her research
and teaching interests lie in the regulation of sexuality, gender and racialised
differences, and the racial and sexual politics of migration policies.

Carles Enrech has a PhD in History and researches in the group ‘Work, Institutions
and Gender’ (University of Barcelona). He has carried out several projects on
work and textile industry history in Spain and on industrialisation, including El
Pla contra la Muntanya: La Crisi de la indústria textil del pla i la colonització
fabril de la muntanya, 1874–1904 [Between the Plan and the Mountain: Crisis
of Textile Industry of the Plan and Manufacturing Colonization of the Mountain,
1874–1904] (2003), a book that won the 13th ‘Josep Lladonosa’ award in History.
He has participated in the collective work ‘Gpnero y políticas del trabajo en la
Espaxa contemporánea’ [‘Gender and labour policies in contemporary Spain’]
(2007). He is co-author of the chapter about Spain in the book A Global History of
7H[WLOH:RUNHUV± (Ashgate, 2009) as well as curator of the exhibition
‘Colonias industriales’ [‘Industrial Colonies’] (Barcelona, 2009–10).

Magda Grabowska is an assistant professor at the Ethnology and Cultural

Anthropology Institute at Warsaw University. She graduated from the Women
and Gender Studies Department at Rutgers University in 2009. Over the last
seven years she has been involved in two collaborative research projects, the
NSF-funded research )RUFHG0LJUDQWV/LYLQJLQ3RVW&RQÀLFW6LWXDWLRQV6RFLDO
1HWZRUNV DQG /LYHOLKRRG 6WUDWHJLHV conducted in Georgia and Constructing
Supranational Political Spaces: The European Union, Eastern Enlargement and
Women’s Agency conducted in Poland, the Czech Republic and the United States.
She is also a co-author of the book (with Maágorzata Fuszara, Joanna Mizielinska
and Joanna Regulska) :VSyáSUDFD F]\ .RQÀLNW 8QLD (XURSHMVND 3DQVWZR L
NRELHW\[&RRSHUDWLRQRU&RQÀLFW"7KH6WDWH7KH(XURSHDQ8QLRQDQG:RPHQ]
published in Warsaw in 2009 by Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne. Dr
Grabowska is currently conducting a research project entitled: Bits of Freedom.
Gender Equality through Women’s Agency in State-Socialist Georgia and Poland,
 Contributors xv

¿nanced through the European Commission’s Marie Curie International Re-

integration grant.

Leila Hadj-Abdou studied political science, history and tourism management in

Budapest and Vienna. Since 2001 she has been involved in international research
projects. Among others she participated in two framework-programmes of the EC
(6 FP and 5 FP), one on ‘Cultural Patterns in the European Enlargement Process’,
and the other on ‘Regulations and Debates on the Muslim Headscarves’ (www.
veil-project.eu). From 2003 to 2009, she was based at the University of Vienna
as a researcher and associated lecturer. Currently she is a PhD researcher at the
European University Institute (Florence).

Wendy Harcourt is editor of the quarterly journal 'HYHORSPHQWat the Society for
International Development (SID) since 1988. SID is an international development
NGO based in Rome, Italy. She has a PhD from the Australian National University
(1987) and is a member of Clare Hall University of Cambridge and Visiting
Professor of the European University Institute. She has just completed her ¿fth
book, entitled %RG\ 3ROLWLFV LQ 'HYHORSPHQW &ULWLFDO 'HEDWHV LQ *HQGHU DQG
'HYHORSPHQW (2009) published by Zed Books, London, and is now series editor of
the Zed Book Series on Gender and Environment.

Bernard Harris is Professor of the History of Social Policy at the University of

Southampton. His book The Origins of the British Welfare State: Social Welfare
in England and Wales, 1800–1945 was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2004.
7KH&KDQJLQJ%RG\+HDOWK1XWULWLRQDQG+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQWLQWKH:HVWHUQ
World (with R. Floud, R.W. Fogel and S.C. Hong) is due to be published by
Cambridge University Press in March 2011.

Jacqueline Heinen is Professor Emerita of Sociology at the University of

Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. She has been director of Cahiers du Genre
(Centre National de la Recherche Scienti¿que), president of the Conseil national
des universitps de France and member of the group of experts in social sciences of
the European Commission. Her main research ¿eld is gender and social policies
in Western and Eastern Europe. She has directed a comparative research project
on gender and local democracy in seven European countries, issuing a Guide
pour l’intégration de l’égalité des sexes dans les politiques locales (edited with
F. Gaspard) (2004). Her most recent publications include: ‘Etat, travail, famille:
conciliation ou conÀit?’ in Cahiers du Genre, 46, 2009 (with H. Hirata and R.
Pfefferkorn) and ‘Polonia en todos sus estados’ in C. Faurp, Enciclopedia politica
y historica de las mujeres (Akal, 2009).

Tone Hellesund is a senior researcher at the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social
Studies and Associate Professor at the University of Bergen, Norway. Tone
is the author of the books .DSLWOHU IUD VLQJHOOLYHWV KLVWRULH (2003) [Chapters
xvi Transforming Gendered Well-Being in Europe

from the History of Single Life], (UREULQJ RJ RYHUVNULGHOVH 'H Q\H NYLQQHQH
LQQWDU YHUGHQ ± (edited with Inger Marie Okkenhaug) [Conquest and
Transgression: The New Women Enters the World 1870–1940], ,GHQWLWHW Sn OLY
RJ G¡G 0DUJLQDOLWHW KRPRVHNVXDOLWHW VHOYPRUG (2009) [Identity for Life and
Death: Marginality, Homosexuality and Suicide]. She has published articles in
English on single life and spinsterhood, and on narratives on homosexuality and
suicide. At present Tone is working on the FEMCIT project on intimate citizenship
in Norway, as well as being the project leader of the ¿rst large project on the
Norwegian women’s movement of the 1970s. This project is called ‘When the
personal became political’.

Jordi Ibarz is professor at the Contemporary History Department of the University

of Barcelona. He is also a researcher in the group ‘Work, Institutions and Gender’
(University of Barcelona). He has published several articles and books on trade
unionism and industrial relations of dockers at the port of Barcelona. A recent
publication is ‘Imatges al moll. Els o¿cis de les feines d’estiba a la Barcelona
dels segles XIX I XX’ [‘Images in the waterfront. The crafts of dock work in the
Barcelona of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries’] (2008). He has been curator
of the Maritime Museum of Barcelona exhibition: ‘L’art d’estibar. Els treballs de
cjrrega i descjrrega al port de Barcelona’ [‘The art of the stevedore: loading and
unloading in the port of Barcelona’] (2010).

Pernilla Jonsson is associate professor in Economic History at Uppsala University,

Sweden. She received her PhD in economic history in 2000 at the Department of
Economic History at Uppsala University. She has in her research dealt with the
inÀuence of resources, ¿nancial strategies and international networks on organising
and goal achievements in the ¿rst wave women’s movement. She has also worked
and published on gender and the social reproduction of Swedish elites, as well as
industrialisation and marketing in nineteenth-century Sweden.

Joz Motmans is a researcher at the Policy Research Centre on Equal Opportunities

at the University of Antwerp since 2002. After graduating in Clinical Psychology
(University of Ghent) and receiving a postgraduate degree in Women’s Studies
(University of Antwerp), he ¿nished his PhD on social mobilisation of the
transgender movement (2010). His main research interests are equal opportunities
for LGBTs, gender equality, and the role of social movements in striving for equal
opportunities.

Silke Neunsinger is Director of Research at the Labour Movement Archives and

Library in Stockholm. She received her PhD in 2001 at the Department of History,
Uppsala University, Sweden. Her dissertation deals with the debate on marriage
bars in Sweden and Germany between 1919 and 1939. She worked at the Centre
for Feminist Research at Uppsala University between 2002 and 2003. Between
 Contributors xvii

2003 and 2006 she led the research project ‘Feminine Finances’ at the Department
of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden.

$QGUHD 3HWĘ is Associate Professor at the Central European University

in Budapest. A feminist historian, she has won several prizes and lectured
internationally on post-Second World War Central European history, oral history
and on women’s history. She served as President of the Feminist Section of the
Hungarian Sociological Association. In 2001–2 she held a Jean Monnet Fellowship
at the European Institute in Florence. She edits the series ‘Feminism and History’
for the Balassi Publishing House and recently published *HVFKOHFKW3ROLWLNXQG
6WDOLQLVPXVLQ8QJDUQ(LQH%LRJUDSKLHYRQ-~OLD5DMN6WXGLHQ]XU*HVFKLFKWH
Ungarns, Bd. 12. (Gabriele Schlfer Verlag, 2007). She is now working on women
and political conservatism.

Joanna Regulska is Professor of Women’s and Gender Studies and Geography

and the Dean of International Programs, School for Arts and Sciences at Rutgers.
She is the founder and director, since 1989, of the Local Democracy Partnership
(formerly Local Democracy in Poland) Programme. In 1996–8 she was a co-director
of the Programme on Gender and Culture at the Central European University,
Budapest. She is an author and co-author of over 90 articles and reports and of
¿ve books, most recently Women and Citizenship in Central and East Europe with
Jasmina Lukic and Darja Zavir°ek (Ashgate, 2006) and &RRSHUDWLRQRU&RQÀLFW
State, the European Union and Women with M. Grabowska, M. Fuszara and J.
Mizielinska (in Polish) (WAP, 2008). She is currently working with B. Smith on
an edited volume, From Cold War to the EU: Gender in Europe.

Mercè Renom is a historian and researcher at the Institut Interuniversitari

d’Estudis de Dones i Gènere (iiEDG) [Interuniversity Institute for Women and
Gender Studies] (Barcelona, Spain), and member of the Board of Directors. She is
a member of the Barcelona University group Treballs, Institucions i Gènere (TIG)
[Work, Institutions and Gender] and member of the Pompeu Fabra University
Centre d’Estudis sobre Moviments Socials (CEMS) [Social Movements Studies
Centre], Barcelona. She received her PhD in 2005 at the Institut Universitari
d’Historia Jaume Vicens Vives (Pompeu Fabra University). She has researched
and written widely on historical social movements in eighteenth- and nineteenth-
century Catalonia. Recent publications include 'RQHVHQPRYLPHQW V VHJOHV[YLLL-
xx (co-edited with Cristina Borderías, 2008) and Constructors de consciència i de
FDQYLXQDDSUR[LPDFLyDOVPRYLPHQWVVRFLDOVGHVGHO%DL[/OREUHJDW(co-edited
with Enric Prat, M. Luz Retuerta and Esther Hachuel, 2009) and&RQÀLFWHVVRFLDOV
LUHYROXFLyOLEHUDO6DEDGHOO± (forthcoming).

Juanjo Romero-Marín has a PhD in Contemporary History and is a researcher

in the group ‘Work, Institutions and Gender’ (University of Barcelona). He has
several publications specialised in artisans’ adaptation to industrialised society
xviii Transforming Gendered Well-Being in Europe

in books: ‘Artisan women and management in nineteenth-century Barcelona’, in

:RPHQ%XVLQHVVDQG)LQDQFHLQ1LQHWHHQWKFHQWXU\(XURSH5HWKLQNLQJ6HSDUDWH
Spheres, edited by Robert Beachy, Béatrice Craig, Alastair Owens (2006); ‘La
construcciyn de la cultura del o¿cio durante la industrializaciyn. Barcelona, 1814-
1860’ [‘The making of the craft culture during the industrialization. Barcelona,
1814–1860’] (2005) as well as numerous articles such as the forthcoming ‘Estado,
trabajadores y empleo femenino en los orígenes de la industria en la España
contemporánea’ [‘State, working-men and feminine employment in the origins of
the manufactures in contemporary Spain’] to be published in Melanges de la Casa
Velázquez.

Sasha Roseneil is professor of Sociology and Social Theory and Director of the
Birkbeck Institute for Social Research at Birkbeck College, University of London.
She is also Professor II of Sociology in the Centre for Women’s Studies and
Gender Research at the University of Oslo. She is currently Deputy Scienti¿c
Director of FEMCIT, an EU FP6 Integrated Project on ‘Gendered Citizenship in
Multicultural Europe: The Impact of Contemporary Women’s Movements’. She
is one of the founding editors of the journal Feminist Theory, and is the author
of Disarming Patriarchy (Open University Press, 1995) and Common Women,
Uncommon Practices: The Queer Feminisms of Greenham (Cassell, 2000). Her
latest books are 6RFLDELOLW\ 6H[XDOLW\ 6HOI 5HODWLRQDOLW\ DQG ,QGLYLGXDOL]DWLRQ
(Routledge, forthcoming), and 6RFLDO 5HVHDUFK DIWHU WKH &XOWXUDO 7XUQ (edited
with Stephen Frosh, Palgrave, forthcoming).

Silke Roth is a senior lecturer in Sociology in the Division of Sociology and

Social Policy at the University of Southampton (UK). Her recent publications
include the edited volume Gender Politics in the Enlarged European Union.
Mobilization, Inclusion, Exclusion (Berghahn Books, 2008) and ‘Sisterhood and
solidarity? Women’s organizations in the expanded European Union’, in Social
Politics, 14, 2007.

Ana Cristina Santos is honorary research fellow at the Birkbeck Institute for
Social Research, Birkbeck, University of London. She has a PhD in Gender Studies
from the University of Leeds, and an MA and BA in Sociology from the University
of Coimbra. Her publications include Bound and Unbound: Interdisciplinary
Approaches to Genders and Sexualities (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008,
co-editor), 4XHHU 6WXGLHV ,GHQWLWLHV &RQWH[WV DQG &ROOHFWLYH $FWLRQ (special
issue of 5HYLVWD &UtWLFD GH &LrQFLDV 6RFLDLV, 76, 2006, ed.), A Lei do Desejo:
Direitos Humanos e Minorias Sexuais em Portugal (Afrontamento, 2005), and
‘Sexual orientation in Portugal: towards emancipation’ (South European Society
and Politics, 9(2), 2004).

Mariya Stoilova is a research fellow at the Birkbeck Institute for Social Research,
Birkbeck, University of London. She has completed doctoral research on ‘Gender
 Contributors xix

and Generation: Women’s Experiences of the Transition from Socialism in

Bulgaria’ in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds
(2004–9). At present Mariya is working on an EU FP6 Integrated Project, FEMCIT
(www.femcit.org). As part of FEMCIT, Mariya is researching transformations in
intimate citizenship in Bulgaria.

Conchi Villar is assistant researcher within the research group ‘Work, Institutions
and Gender’ (University of Barcelona) and a PhD student with the thesis entitled
:RUN )DPLO\ DQG *HQGHU LQ 3RVWZDU %DUFHORQD $ &DVH6WXG\ µ+LMRV GH
*HUDUGR %HUWUiQ¶ ± , which focuses on labour conditions and family
strategies in the frame of a metal ¿rm. She has published several articles on
women’s work and unionism and labour relations in the metal sector, including
‘Class and gender. Exclusionary strategies of the metal branch unions. Barcelona,
1900–1936’ (in Spanish) in Gender and Labour Policies in Contemporary Spain,
±, edited by C. Borderías (2007).

Berteke Waaldijk is a historian and full professor in the Graduate Gender

Programme at Utrecht University. As Professor for Language and Culture Studies,
she is the director of the liberal arts programme at Utrecht University. She is the
academic coordinator of the EU-Socrates Thematic Network ATHENA3 and one
of the six Thematic Work Group Leaders in the FW6 Network of Excellence
for History: CliohRES. Her research focuses on gender, culture and citizenship.
Some recent publications include (with J. Mens-Verhulst) 9URXZHQKXOSYHUOHQLQJ
±%HZHJLQJLQHQURQGGHJH]RQGKHLGV]RUJ (a history of Dutch women’s
health movement) (Houten: BSL, 2008) and with (E. Oleksy and Andrea PetĘ)
Gender and Citizenship in a Multicultural Context (Frankfurt: Lang, 2008).

Alison E. Woodward is a political sociologist and research professor at the Free

University of Brussels (VUB) where she co-directs RHEA, the Center for Gender
Studies and Diversity Research. She is also Senior Associate of the Institute for
European Studies. Her research interests are in the ¿eld of comparative European
Union public policy and organisation, especially in the areas of civil society
transnational mobilisation, gender, migration and equality. A recent book is the
volume Teaching Intersectionality: Putting Gender at the Centre, edited with M.
Franken, A. Cabz and B.M. Bagilhole (Utrecht/Stockholm: University of Utrecht
with Stockholm University, 2009).
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Ethics - Research Paper
First 2022 - Department

Prepared by: Instructor Johnson

Date: July 28, 2025

Unit 1: Statistical analysis and interpretation

Learning Objective 1: Study tips and learning strategies
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 1: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 2: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Current trends and future directions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 4: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 5: Study tips and learning strategies
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Background 2: Key terms and definitions
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 12: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 13: Case studies and real-world applications
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 14: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 14: Key terms and definitions
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 15: Key terms and definitions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 17: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Case studies and real-world applications
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Current trends and future directions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Appendix 3: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
Example 20: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 21: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 23: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 24: Study tips and learning strategies
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 25: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 26: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 29: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 29: Study tips and learning strategies
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Abstract 4: Case studies and real-world applications
Example 30: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 31: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 32: Study tips and learning strategies
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 33: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Historical development and evolution
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 35: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 39: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Lesson 5: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 41: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 42: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 43: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Research findings and conclusions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 47: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 50: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
References 6: Key terms and definitions
Definition: Historical development and evolution
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 51: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 57: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Chapter 7: Practical applications and examples
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Study tips and learning strategies
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 65: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 66: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 67: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 68: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Introduction 8: Ethical considerations and implications
Practice Problem 70: Study tips and learning strategies
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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