JULY 2025

CREATING CIVIL SERVANTS FOR THE NATION

A
Monthly
Digest for
GK & State
News

TOPICS COVERED

l Bengal Related News l Books & Authors [Static GK]

l West Bengal Related Static GK l Sports
l Appointments l Important Days
l Awards l Static GK
l Books & Authors [Current] l Current Affairs GK

Disclaimer: Copyright infringement not intended.

 A House Journal of APTI PLUS
JULY 2025
A Monthly Digest For GK & State News

CONTENT

BENGAL RELATED NEWS 4

WEST BENGAL RELATED STATIC GK 11

APPOINTMENTS 13

AWARDS 15

BOOKS & AUTHORS [CURRENT] 17

BOOKS & AUTHORS [STATIC GK] 17

SPORTS 18

IMPORTANT DAYS 23

STATIC GK 26

CURRENT AFFAIRS GK 28

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BENGAL RELATED NEWS

Socio-Economic Performance of o Originally identified as Koch; later claimed

West Bengal (As Per NITI Aayog Kshatriya lineage through Sanskritisation.
o Movement led by Panchanan Barma
Report) (Kshatriya Samiti, 1910) uplifted the
Context
community socially.
 West Bengal has performed better than the
 Issues: Economic marginalisation, under-
national average across key socio-economic
representation, identity politics and demand
indicators, as per a recent NITI Aayog report,
for Kamatapur state.
said Chief Minister- Mamta Banerjee.
Matua Community
Details:
 Population: Estimated 50 lakh+ in WB, largely
Status of some socio-economic indicators:
among Namasudra Dalits.
 Unemployment Rate (2022–23): 2.2% in WB
 Origin: Reformist movement by Harichand
vs. 3.2% nationally.
Thakur in 19th-century East Bengal (now
 Sex Ratio: 973 females per 1,000 males
Bangladesh).
(national average: 889).
 Religious Belief: Focus on equality, education
 Infant Mortality Rate: 19 per 1,000 live births
and harinaam (devotional chanting).
(2020) – better than national average.
 Post-Partition Migration: Settled in
 Total Fertility Rate: 1.6 children per woman
Thakurnagar, North & South 24 Parganas,
(2019–21) – below replacement level.
Nadia, etc.
 Access to Drinking Water: Higher-than-
average household coverage.
West Bengal's IT Sector Growth
Rajbanshi and Matua Community and Initiatives
Context
Context
 West Bengal's IT exports surged from ₹4,500
 West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee
crores (2011) to nearly ₹35,000 crores (2025),
raised concerns over the alleged harassment
indicating robust growth driven by state
of Bengali-speaking communities--Rajbanshis
policies and infrastructure expansion.
and Matuas--in other Indian states.
Key Developments
Rajbanshi Community
 Bengal Silicon Valley Tech Hub (New Town,
 Population: Approx. 4 million in West Bengal
Kolkata):
(2011 Census); largest SC group in North
o 250-acre project with 42 companies
Bengal.
onboard; 19 operational, 3 fully
 Regions: Predominantly in Jalpaiguri, Cooch
functional.
Behar, Alipurduar, Darjeeling.
 Other IT Hubs:
 Status: SC in West Bengal, OBC in Assam and
o IT parks at Kalyani, Durgapur, Siliguri.
Bihar.
 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS):
 Language: Speak Kamatapuri/Rajbanshi,
o Existing presence with ~50,000
related to Assamese and Bengali.
employees in Bengal.
 Historical Significance:
 Semiconductor and GCC Policy Push:

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 o Global Foundries launched R&D  Aadhaar-based verification, though
operations in Kolkata. convenient, may lead to wrongful deletions
o State planning future-ready (Aadhaar ≠ citizenship).
semiconductor & GCC policies to  Allegations of political misuse--targeted
compete with national peers. disenfranchisement in opposition states.
 Weak awareness and grievance redressal
Special Intensive Revision (SIR) Of mechanisms.
Electoral Rolls Way Forward:
 Use multiple ID proofs for verification, not
Context
Aadhaar alone.
 CPI(M)'s Md Salim alleged that the Special
 Ensure offline support, especially for digitally
Intensive Revision (SIR) of Electoral Rolls is a
excluded populations.
deliberate attempt to exclude marginalised
 Promote local-level hearings before final
communities from voter lists and deny them
deletions.
democratic rights.
 Engage with civil society to reach vulnerable
 India's multilingual fabric cannot sustain a 'one
groups.
nation, one election, one language' policy;
targeting Bengalis undermines our diversity,
democracy and unity. West Bengal introduces Semester
Special Electoral Roll Revision System For Class 12 (2024-25)
What is it?  Context
 A targeted, house-to-house voter list For the first time, West Bengal Council of
verification carried out by the Election Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE) will
Commission to remove errors, include new conduct semester-based exams for Class 12
voters and ensure a clean electoral roll. students.
 Triggered in specific states or areas with
known irregularities or high migration. Key Highlights:
Constitutional Basis:  Semester III Exams for Class 12 will be held
 Article 324: Empowers the Election from September 8–22, 2025.
Commission to supervise elections.  Format: Entirely Multiple Choice Questions
 Article 326: Ensures universal adult suffrage. (MCQs) using OMR sheets.
 Representation of the People Act, 1950:  Admit Cards: Downloadable online by school
Provides the legal mechanism for electoral roll principals via institutional login.
preparation and revision.  No washroom breaks during the 1 hour 15
Opportunities: minutes exam window.
 Cleans voter list by removing duplicates or Curriculum Structure:
deceased entries.  Class 11: Semester I and II
 Encourages first-time voters to register.  Class 12: Semester III and IV
 Enhances transparency with digital tools (e.g.  Semester IV exams: Scheduled for Feb 12–27,
blockchain pilot in Bihar). 2026
 Supports smooth conduct of future elections Security & Fairness Measures:
and delimitation.  Multiple sets of question papers to prevent
Challenges: cheating--modelled after NEET-UG and JEE.
 Risk of exclusion of marginalised  No two adjacent students will receive the
communities, especially migrants and the same paper.
urban poor.  OMR and question paper storage centers to
be located in non-waterlogging zones
(monsoon precaution).

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 Provisions to shift centres during national-level standards and enhance
emergencies. objectivity and transparency in assessments.
 Objective:
To align the state evaluation process with

Jhargram District – West Bengal

Context
 3 elephants run over by train in Bengal’s Jhargram.
Jhargram District
 Formed on: 4 April 2017 (22nd district of West Bengal, carved from
Paschim Medinipur).
 Area: 3,037.64 sq. km.
 Geographical Identity: Part of Chota Nagpur Plateau; lateritic
uplands in NW; alluvial soil in southern blocks.

Forests & Ecology

 Dominated by dry sal forests with low undergrowth.
 Severely degraded by zamindar exploitation during colonial times.
 Revived through Joint Forest Management (JFM) starting with the Arabari Model (1971-72).
 480 Forest Protection Committees operational.
 4 Forest Divisions (by area share):
o Jhargram: 70%
o Kharagpur: 25%
o Midnapore: 3%
o Rupnarayan: 2%
Connectivity
 Lies on Kolkata–Mumbai rail route (South Eastern Railway).
 Near AH-46 (Old NH-6).
Major Rivers
1. Kangsabati (Kasai) – bifurcates near Kapastikri; tributary of Haldi &Rupnarayan.
2. Subarnarekha – enters from Jharkhand, exits to Odisha.
3. Tarafeni – Originates near Patagarh, merges into Kangsabati.

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4. Dulung – Major tributary of Subarnarekha; joins rivers like Kupon, Deb, Polpala.
5. Other streams: Deb, Rangium, Palpala.
Historical Timeline
 16th Century: Forests freely used by locals.
 Mughal Period: Zamindars paid "Ruba" tax for land use.
 British Period: Forests exploited post 1773 Permanent Settlement.
 1948: West Bengal Private Forests Act introduced.
 1953: Estates Acquisition Act; forests vested to govt.
 1971–72: Arabari Joint Forest Management pilot launched.
 1989: Govt officially recognizes Joint Forest Management.

Agricultural Growth in West Bengal

Context
 Government of West Bengal announced a comprehensive plan to expand maize cultivation, strengthen
food processing and promote women-led agricultural entrepreneurship.
Expansion of Maize Cultivation
 Target: Increase maize cultivation by 60,000 hectares over the next three years.
 Purpose:
o To meet the increasing demand for animal feed, poultry feed and fish feed.
o To make the state more self-reliant in feed production.
 Significance: Maize is a key input for West Bengal’s poultry, livestock and aquaculture industries.
Women in Agriculture and Entrepreneurship
 70% of Beng[l’s [gricultur[l workforce is composed of women.
 Government Focus:
o Enhancing participation of women in agri-entrepreneurship.
o Strengthening capacity building and providing institutional support.
o Encouraging private sector involvement to create an enabling ecosystem for women-led startups.
Surge in Food Processing Units (FY 2024–25)
 24,213 new food processing units established across West Bengal.
 Government support for:
o Entrepreneurs, Self-Help Groups, FPOs, Cooperatives.
o Encouraging value chain integration and rural employment generation.
Performance of West Bengal in Agriculture & Allied Sectors (2011–12 to 2022–23)
Fruits & Vegetables:
 West Bengal has consistently reported the
highest output in this category over the years.
 However, its share in national output has
declined from 13.9% (2011–12) to 11.4%
(2022–23).
 Indicates that other states are growing faster
in this segment, despite WB's absolute high
production.
Cereal Production:
 West Bengal remains in the top 5 cereal-producing states in 2022–23.
 Other consistent performers include Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh.

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 Highlights WB's continued relevance in
staple food production, especially rice.
Fisheries & Aquaculture:
 WB has reported a steady increase in
output over the years.
 But its national share has dropped
significantly from 24.6% (2011–12) to
14.4% (2022–23).
 Reflects the rising contribution from
coastal states like Andhra Pradesh and

Odisha and the need for

Bengal to scale up
technological intervention in
aquaculture.

West Beng[l's Puruli[ Enters Indi[’s What are Rare Earth Elements?
Rare Earth Map  Set of 17 chemical elements: 15 lanthanides +
scandium + yttrium.
Context
 Despite the name, most REEs are not truly
 West Bengal is set to join India’s rare earth
rare (except promethium – radioactive).
mining map with the Geological Survey of
 Examples: Neodymium, Cerium, Samarium,
India (GSI) undertaking G2-level exploration in
Dysprosium, Terbium, Yttrium, etc.
Purulia district.
Uses of REEs
 Though the deposit is relatively small, it holds
 Critical for electric vehicles, clean energy,
strategic value as India seeks to reduce
defence, electronics, space and medical
dependency on imports of critical minerals
technologies.
used in EVs, electronics, renewable energy
 Used in:
and defence.
o Mobile phones, televisions, laptops, jet
Significance:
engines, wind turbines, semiconductors.
 Though small in size, the rare earth deposit is
o Scandium – TVs and lamps; Yttrium –
crucial for reducing Indi[’s import dependency
cancer and arthritis drugs.
for critical minerals used in EVs, electronics,
o Cerium – essential in NASA’s space
renewable energy and defence.
shuttle components.
 Rare earths typically occur as a basket of 14–
Indi[’s Current Scen[rio
17 elements, making processing complex.
 REEs available: Lanthanum, Cerium,
Strategic Moves:
Neodymium, Samarium, etc.
 The Purulia and Assam blocks are expected to
 Not available in quantity: HREEs like
be ready for auction within a year.
Dysprosium, Terbium, Europium →
 India is also advancing exploration of
dependence on China.
vanadium in the Himalayan region and lithium
 China holds ~37% of reserves, ~60–70% of
in 20 projects across multiple states.
global production.

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 India has ~6% of global reserves, only ~1% of  Method: Designated spaces for people to
global output. voice concerns; officials register and act
Government Initiatives & Resources  Tagline: “Our Neighbourhood, Our Solution”
 Monazite production: ~4,000 metric
tonnes/year (primary REE source in India). West Bengal: Key Highlights
 Established reserves: Economic Profile
o 13.07 million tonnes in coastal states  6th largest state economy in India.
(Odisha, Kerala, Tamil Naduandhra  Projected GSDP (2025-26): ₹20.31 trillion
Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal). (~US$236.16 billion).
o Gujarat (Ambadungar): 7.37 lakh tonnes  Growth Rate: Avg. 12% annually (2024-25
REO. BE).
o Rajasthan (Bhatikhera): 36,945 tonnes. Power Sector
o Jharkhand & Chhattisgarh: Xenotime  Total Installed Capacity (March 2025):
reserves. 11,000.37 MW
 Stockpile: ~97 tonnes xenotime concentrate o State Utilities: 5,997.95 MW
(as of 2022). o Private Sector: 2,959.88 MW
Strategic Importance for India o Central Utilities: 3,086.03 MW
 REEs are vital for Atmanirbhar Bharat, Make  By Source:
in India and clean energy transition. o Thermal: 8,763.34 MW
 India has potential to emerge as a non- o Hydro: 1,466.05 MW
Chinese REE supplier to Western tech and o Renewable: 770.98 MW
defence markets. Natural & Agricultural Resources
 Scope for building downstream industries:  Rich in minerals, proximity to Jharkhand,
magnets, electronics and high-tech Bihar, Odisha.
manufacturing.  Favourable for agriculture, horticulture,
fisheries.
Amader Para, Amader Samadhan  2nd largest tea-producing state (426.59
Context million kg in FY24).
 "Amader Para, Amader Samadhan" is a first- FDI & Investment
of-its-kind outreach initiative launched by the  FDI Inflows (Oct 2019–Dec 2024): ₹13,745.5
West Bengal government aiming to resolve crore (~US$1.79 billion).
local issues through direct citizen  Investment received through Global Summits
participation and ensure transparent, (8 editions): ₹23.74 lakh crore (US$268.44
grassroots governance. billion).
Details  Bengal Global Business Summit (BGBS) 2022:
 Launch Date: August 2, 2025 ₹3.42 lakh crore (~US$44 billion) – 4 lakh jobs
 Budget: ₹10 lakh per booth; total ₹8,000 expected.
crore  BGBS 2023: ₹3.66 lakh crore (~US$45.45
 Coverage: ~80,000 booths across the state billion).
 Duration: ~2 months Infrastructure Projects
 Structure: 1 unit = 3 booths; officials stay 3  ₹254 crore worth Railway projects launched in
days per booth Hooghly.
 Monitored by: Task Force headed by Chief  HBTL-Adani signed concession for Berth 2
Secretary Manoj Pant mechanization at Haldia Port.
 Purpose: Address small civic issues like taps,  NABARD’s Special Food Processing Fund:
electric poles, etc. ₹2,000 crore.
Tourism

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 Domestic Tourist Arrivals (2021): 243.25  Secondary Schools: ₹18,027 crore
million  Primary Schools: ₹6,632 crore
 Foreign Tourist Arrivals (2021): 0.34 million  2022-23:
Budget Allocations o Housing for All: ₹825 crore
 2024-25: o Tea Industry: Exemption from rural cess,
o Agriculture & Allied: ₹22,620 crore agri income tax waiver
 Krishak Bandhu: ₹5,800 crore Key Industries
 Crop Insurance: ₹1,200 crore  Tea, Leather, IT, Petrochemicals, Iron & Steel,
o Education, Sports, Arts & Culture: Jute, Fisheries, Textiles, Biotechnology, Auto
₹46,460 crore Components.

Comptroller Auditor General Report on West Bengal

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 WEST BENGAL RELATED STATIC GK

 Rasikbil is a small lake in Cooch Behar district, records in butterfly stroke and won six golds
about 7.5 km from Kamakhyaguri. It is known in the 1991 SAF Games. A pioneer in long-
for rich avian diversity, attracting species like distance swimming, she crossed the English
cormorants, storks, kingfishers and ducks. The Channel twice, swam across the Palk Strait
area also houses a deer park, crocodile rehab and became the first woman to swim sea
centre and other wildlife enclosures. It is an channels on five continents by 2005.
important site for ecotourism and bird
conservation in North Bengal.  Chhau is a semi-classical Indian dance
blending martial, tribal and folk traditions,
 Senchal Lake is a twin lake (North built in performed mainly in West Bengal (Purulia),
1910, South in 1932) located 10 km southeast Jharkhand (Seraikella) and Odisha
of Darjeeling at an altitude of 8,160 ft. It (Mayurbhanj). It depicts epic stories, local
serves as the main water reservoir for legends and folk themes, often performed
Darjeeling. Situated within the Senchal during the Chaitra Parva festival.
Wildlife Sanctuary, it also hosts one of the o Purulia and Seraikella styles use masks,
highest golf courses in the world and is a while Mayurbhanj does not.
popular picnic and tourist spot. o Purulia Chhau Mask has GI tag and is
crafted by the Sutradhar community.
 Mihir Sen (1930–1997) was a renowned o Recognized by UNESCO (2010) as
Indian long-distance swimmer and lawyer. In Intangible Cultural Heritage.
1958, he became the first Asian to swim the o Dance combines mock combat (khel),
English Channel (Dover to Calais) in 14 hours stylised gaits (chali) and folk music using
45 minutes. In 1966, he swam across five seas instruments like dhol, dhumsa, shehnai
on five continents in a single year, earning a and mohuri.
place in the Guinness Book of Records as the
world's greatest long-distance swimmer.  Gombhira is a folk song and dance form of
North Bengal (Malda, India) and Chapai
 Bula Choudhury (born 1970 in Hugli, West Nawabganj (Bangladesh). Performed during
Bengal) is a former Indian swimmer, Padma Chaitra Sankranti, it features a dialogue
Shri and Arjuna awardee and served as MLA between a man and his maternal grandfather,
(2006–2011). She set multiple national using humour and satire to spread social

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 awareness. The dance uses distinctive masks Their cultural roots are especially strong in
made by the Sutradhar community from Midnapore, Murshidabad and Birbhum.
neem, fig wood, or clay.
 Ballabhpur Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as
 The Terai region of West Bengal is a belt of Deer Park, is located in Ballavpur, near
marshy grasslands, savannas and forests Santiniketan in Birbhum district, West Bengal.
located at the foothills of the Himalayas, Spread over 200 hectares, it was established
extending into the Siliguri division of in 1977 and lies just 1 km from Visva-Bharati
Darjeeling, northern Jalpaiguri and northern University. The sanctuary features three large
Dinajpur. It lies below the 100-metre contour water bodies that attract migratory and
line and slopes gently from north to south, resident birds, making it a haven for
with elevations reaching 400–600 metres. The birdwatchers. It is renowned for its successful
region is composed of alternating layers of conservation of Cheethals (Spotted Deer) and
clay and sand, creating a high-water table, Blackbuck, along with jackals and foxes.
numerous springs and wetlands. It is formed
by the alluvial deposits of rivers like the  Belpahari is a village in the Binpur II CD block
Teesta, Torsa, Jaldhaka, Raidak and Sankosh. of Jhargram district, West Bengal. Located at
The Teesta River divides the region into two the foothills of the Chhotanagpur plateau, it
parts: the western part is called the Terai, features rugged terrain with forests, hills and
while the eastern part is known as the Dooars lateritic soil. It has witnessed Maoist activities
(Duars). in the past. As per the 2011 Census, Belpahari
had a population of 1,863, with a literacy rate
 The Rarh region lies between the southern of 76%. The region is predominantly rural and
Ganges delta and the western plateau region, home to a significant population of Scheduled
extending north to south between the 50- Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
metre contour in the east and the 100-metre
contour in the west. It covers parts of  The Balason River, originating from
Birbhum, Barddhaman, Bankura, Murshidabad Jorebunglow near Tiger Hill in Darjeeling,
and Medinipur districts. The region is believed flows southeast into the North Bengal plains
to have formed from Deccan Plateau where it joins the Mahananda River. Passing
sediments and is predominantly covered by through several tea estates like Cedars,
laterite soil, giving it a distinct red, rugged Ambootia and MoondaKotee, it plays a key
terrain. role in the region’s economy by supporting
cultivation of ginger, cardamom and oranges
 The Patua (also called Chitrakar or Patigar) are and providing high-quality sand and gravel for
a unique artisan community of scroll painters construction. The river is the source of the
and idol makers, mainly found in West Bengal, Balasun Water Supply Project, supplying
Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha. Originally water to Darjeeling town from the Intake
Hindus, many later converted to Islam, though Point at Cedars Tea Estate.
they retain dual identities--each Patua has
both a Hindu and a Muslim name. They paint  The Tarafeni River, located in Belpahari,
scrolls known as Patas, depicting Hindu Jhargram district of West Bengal, is famed for
mythology and folk tales and traditionally go its picturesque dam and barrage, which not
village to village singing and narrating stories. only prevent flooding but also provide a vital
Most are now Sunni Muslims with syncretic source of drinking water to the local
customs, but face decline in patronage, population.
leading many to take up daily wage labour.

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 The Bidyadhari River, originating near  Joyee Setu or Joyee Bridge is the longest road
Haringhata in Nadia district, flows through river bridge of West Bengal which
North 24 Parganas before merging with the connects Haldibari and Mekhliganj town of
Raimangal River in the Sundarbans. Once a Mekhliganj Sub-division in Cooch Behar
major navigation route and drainage system District of West Bengal.
for North 24 Parganas and Kolkata, it played a
vital role in the prosperity of ancient  West Bengal ranks 5th in the SKOCH State of
settlements like Chandraketugarh. Today, due Governance Rankings 2024 with a score of
to its disconnection from the Ganges and 21.85.
geological shifts like the eastward tilting of
the Bengal Basin, the river carries minimal  West Bengal ranks 12th in the SKOCH State
freshwater, affecting its ecological and of E-Government Infrastructure Index 2024
hydrological significance. with a score of 0.339.

 Important Symbols of West Bengal: Animal –  West Beng[l’s l[rgest therm[l power plant is
Fishing Cat, Bird – White-breasted Kingfisher, the Mejia Thermal Power Station, with an
Tree – Chatian, Flower – Shephali. installed capacity of 2,340 MW, primarily coal-
based.
 The Calcutta Madrasa was established by
Warren Hastings in 1780.  Foreign direct investment inflows into West
Bengal totalled Rs. 13,945.50 crore
 Tajpur Port, West Bengal’s first deep-sea (approximately 1,794.08 million US dollars)
greenfield port, is coming up in East between October 2019 and December 2024,
Midnapore on the Bay of Bengal coast, as reported by CEIC Data and published by
awarded to Adani Ports. the India Brand Equity Foundation.

APPOINTMENTS

New Governors for Haryana, Goa Sciences (NBEMS), has been appointed as the
and Ladakh new Chairperson of the National Medical
Commission (NMC) by the Appointments
 President Droupadi Murmu appointed Prof.
Committee of the Cabinet. His tenure spans
Ashim Kumar Ghosh (Haryana), Pusapati
four years or until he reaches the age of 70.
Ashok Gajapathi Raju (Goa) and Kavinder
Gupta (Ladakh) as new Governors/LG.
Deputy Chief Information Security
First woman Director General of Officer at State Bank of India
the Railway Protection Force (RPF)  Babitha B P was appointed as the Deputy
Chief Information Security Officer at State
 Sonali Mishra has been appointed as the first
Bank of India, tasked with strengthening SBI’s
woman Director General of the Railway
cybersecurity and digital infrastructure.
Protection Force (RPF).

Chairperson of the National Member of the Executive

Medical Commission Committee of the US-India
 Dr. Abhijat Sheth the current President of the Strategic Partnership Forum
National Board of Examinations in Medical (USISPF).

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 Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Asian Infrastructure Investment
Aditya Birla Group, was appointed to the Bank (AIIB) President
Executive Committee of the US-India
 The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF). This
(AIIB) has elected Zou Jiayi, former Chinese
aims to deepen India–US economic and
Vice Finance Minister, as its next President,
business ties through strategic collaboration
with her five-year term beginning
and leadership.
J[nu[ry 16, 2026, succeeding founding
President Jin Liqun.
Commonwealth Youth Peace
Ambassador First female and first African
 Sukanya Sonowal, an IIT Guwahati student, President of the International
was selected as a Commonwealth Youth
Peace Ambassador. She will serve as Lead –
Olympic Committee
 On June 23, 2025, Zimbabwean Olympian
Communications & Public Relations for
Kirsty Coventry was officially inaugurated as
CYPAN until 2027, promoting youth-led
the first female and first African President of
peacebuilding across 56 Commonwealth
the International Olympic Committee,
nations.
marking the IOC’s 131st anniversary and
beginning her eight-year term.
CEO of the Reserve Bank
Innovation Hub (RBIH) Chairperson of the Pension Fund
 Sahil Kini, co-founder of Setu and former
IndiaStack team member, has been appointed
Regulatory and Development
CEO of the Reserve Bank Innovation Hub Authority (PFRDA)
(RBIH).  Siv[subr[m[ni[n R[m[nn assumed charge as
Chairperson of PFRDA on June 20, 2025,
Executive Director of SEBI appointed for a five-year term or until he
turns 65, to drive stronger pension regulation
 Sunil Jayawant Kadam took charge as
and development.
Executive Director of SEBI. SEBI is the
regulatory body for Indi[’s securities m[rket,
ensuring transparency, investor protection and Director of IIT Kharagpur
fair market practices.  Prof. Suman Chakraborty, a Sir J. C. Bose
National Fellow celebrated for his low-cost
Executive Director of RBI diagnostic innovations, took charge as
Director of IIT Kharagpur.
 Kesavan Ramachandran was appointed as
Executive Director of RBI.
Indian Managing Director (MD)of
Chairman of the Central Board of Nippon Koei India (NKI)
Direct Taxes (CBDT)  Dr. G. Sampath Kumar was appointed as the
first-ever Indian Managing Director (MD) of
 The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
Nippon Koei India (NKI), the Indian arm of
has extended R[vi Agr[w[l’s tenure as
Japan-based ID&E Holdings.
Chairman of the CBDT for one year, from 1
July 2025 to 30 June 2026, ensuring
continuity in India’s apex direct tax Indi[’s [mb[ss[dor to North Kore[
policymaking body.  Aliawati Longkumer has been appointed as
India’s ambassador to North Korea, restoring
full diplomatic representation in Pyongyang

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 14

 after a four-year hiatus. (The Indian embassy Indi[’s G20 Sherp[
re-opened in December 2024, after  Amitabh Kant submitted his resignation as
operations were suspended in July 2021 due Indi[’s G20 Sherp[ on June 16, 2025, ending
to the pandemic.) This move reflects a his three-year tenure that began in July 2022.
cautious diplomatic revival, aligning with  His leadership is widely credited for securing
India’s Act East policy. unanimous consensus on the New Delhi
Le[ders’ Decl[r[tion during India’s 2023 G20
First woman Aide-de-Camp (ADC) presidency.
to the President of India
 Lt Commander Yashasvi Solankee (27) Managing Director and Chief
became the first woman Aide-de-Camp (ADC) Executive Officer of Life Insurance
to the President of India on May 9, 2025, Corporation of India
after a rigorous selection involving a month-
 After the Financial Services Institutions
long orientation at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Bureau's recommendation and Cabinet
approval, R. Doraiswamy was appointed as
Managing Director and Chief Executive
Officer of Life Insurance Corporation of India.

AWARDS

National Geospatial Practitioner migration and the inner lives of Muslim

Award 2025 women. The PEN Pinter Prize, named after
Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, honours writers
 The Indian National Centre for Ocean
who speak truth to power with courage and
Information Services (INCOIS) has been
insight. Established in 2009, the award has
awarded the National Geospatial Practitioner
previously been given to authors like
Award 2025.
Arundhati Roy (2024), Salman Rushdie (2014)
 The National Geospatial Practitioner Award is
and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2018).
a prestigious honour recognizing institutions
for innovative geospatial technology use.
INCOIS, an autonomous body under the 2025 United Nations Population
Ministry of Earth Sciences earned it for Award
leveraging open-source GIS platforms to make  Varsha Deshpande wins the 2025 United
oceanographic data more accessible, Nations Population Award for championing
transparent and widely applicable. gender equality and reproductive rights.
Headquartered in Hyderabad, INCOIS offers  An advocate from Satara, Maharashtra,
ocean information and advisory services to Deshpande was honoured on World
fishermen, coastal authorities, disaster Population Day (July 11, 2025) in New York
agencies and researchers. for her relentless efforts against sex-selective
abortions and her advocacy for Dalit women.
2025 PEN Pinter Prize Her work addresses deep-rooted
 Leila Aboulela wins the 2025 PEN Pinter Prize discrimination based on gender, caste and
for her fearless and deeply human storytelling. religion.
 The Sudanese-Scottish writer is known for  Established in 1981 and first awarded in 1983,
powerful novels like The Translator, Minaret the UN Population Award is given annually to
and River Spirit, which explore themes of faith, individuals or institutions making outstanding

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 15

 contributions to population and reproductive Digital Payments Award 2024–25
health. Winners receive a gold medal, diploma  India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) has won the
and cash prize. Deshpande is the individual Digital Payments Award 2024–25 for its
category winner for 2025. outstanding role in advancing inclusive digital
banking.
India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA)  A 100% government-owned bank under the
Industry Excellence Award 2025 Department of Posts, IPPB was recognised by
 Telangana wins the IESA Industry Excellence the Department of Financial Services,
Award 2025 for leadership in battery Ministry of Finance, for its efforts in
manufacturing. expanding digital financial services,
 The state was honoured in the State particularly in rural and underserved areas,
Leadership – Battery Manufacturing category promoting financial inclusion across India.
for its efforts in developing a robust
ecosystem for battery production and new Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2025
energy technologies.  The Sahitya Akademi has announced the Bal
Sahitya Puraskar 2025, recognising
Chintha Raveendran Award 2025 outstanding contributions to Indian children’s
 Marathi writer Sarankumar Limbale has been literature across 24 languages.
selected for the Chintha Raveendran Award  Instituted by Sahitya Akademi under the
2025. Ministry of Culture, the award honours books
 The Chintha Raveendran Award is given each published between 2019 and 2023,
year to a writer who has made a significant celebrating the country's rich linguistic and
impact in the field of literature and social cultural diversity. Finalised by the Executive
issues. Limbale, known for his powerful Board, each award carries [ ₹50,000 c[sh
writings on Dalit identity, equality and human prize and a casket with an engraved copper
rights, is the 2025 recipient. plaque, reflecting the winners’ creative
 The award includes a c[sh prize of ₹50,000, a excellence and their enduring impact on
memento and a citation. Chintha children’s education and imagination.
Raveendranwasa left-wing thinker and writer.
2025 Food Planet Prize
The Order of the Most Ancient  Swedish startup NitroCapt has won the 2025
Welwitschia Mirabilis Food Planet Prize for its breakthrough green
fertiliser, which uses plasma technology and
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi received
renewable energy to produce nitrogen
Namibia’s highest civilian honour – the Order
fertilisers sustainably.
of the Most Ancient Welwitschia Mirabilis –
 The Food Planet Prize, established in 2019 by
during his one-day state visit.
the Curt Bergfors Foundation in Stockholm, is
 The Welwitschia Mirabilis Award, instituted in
the world’s l[rgest environment[l [w[rd with
1995, is awarded to individuals who
a prize of $2 million. It honours innovations
demonstrate exceptional leadership and
that reduce the environmental impact of food
contribute to strengthening international
systems. The jury, comprising 10 international
relations. Named after a resilient desert plant,
experts, is co-chaired by Johan Rockström and
the award symbolizes endurance and unity--
Magnus Nilsson.
values reflected in Modi’s efforts to deepen
India–Namibia ties.

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 16

Locarno Film Festival Poligras Magic Skill Award
 Renowned American filmmaker Alexander  Deepika Sehrawat became the first-ever
Payne will receive the prestigious honorary Indian to win the Poligras Magic Skill Award.
Leopard (Pardo d’Onore) at the 78th Locarno  She received it for her exceptional solo goal
Film Festival in 2025. against the Netherlands in the 2024–25 FIH
 One of Europe’s oldest [nd most respected Hockey Pro League. The Poligras Magic Skill
film festivals, Locarno is honouring Payne for Award celebrates the most creative and skillful
his long-standing contribution to global moments in the FIH Hockey Pro League and is
cinema, recognising his distinctive storytelling voted by fans worldwide.
and influential body of work.

BOOKS & AUTHORS [CURRENT]

Book Author and Details

Confessions of a The new book by Mr. Ravi, is a compelling collection of thoughts, memories
Shakespeare Addict and reflections inspired by Sh[kespe[re’s timeless works.
The One: Cricket, My Shikhar Dhawan has released his autobiography. The book offers an intimate
Life and More. look into his journey, exploring his cricketing career, personal struggles and the
experiences that shaped him both on and off the field.
The Emergency Union Home Minister Amit Shah has released a new book titled “The
Diaries Emergency Diaries”, marking the 50th anniversary of India’s 1975 Emergency.
The book documents Prime Minister N[rendr[ Modi’s role as a young RSS
Pracharak, highlighting his early efforts to protect democracy during one of
India’s most challenging political periods.
Celebrating V.V. Veteran leg-spinner V.V. Kumar was honoured on his 90th birthday with the
Kumar @ 90 release of Celebrating V.V. Kumar @ 90. Though his international stint was
short, his lasting impact on Ranji Trophy cricket remains significant.
Woman! Life! ChowraMakaremi’s upcoming book, offers a powerful chronicle of the 2022
Freedom! Iranian uprising sparked by M[hs[ Amini’s de[th. Blending personal history,
fieldwork and anthropological insight, Makaremi captures the spirit of a
moment when the cry of ‚Z[n! Zendegi! Az[di!‛ echoed through Iranian streets.
Different Strokes A.K. Bhattacharya has released the third volume of this book on Indi[’s Fin[nce
(1998–2014) Ministers, covering the 1998–2014 period. It chronicles India’s economic
transformation post-1991 through the tenures of Yashwant Sinha, Jaswant
Singh, Pranab Mukherjee and P. Chidambaram.

BOOKS & AUTHORS [STATIC GK]

BOOK AUTHOR
The Great Indian Shashi Tharoor. Satirical reinterpretation of Mahabharata in modern Indian
Novel context.
Fasting, Feasting Anita Desai. Award-winning novel (1987) by Sahitya Akademi Awardee.
The House of Blue David Davidar. Historical novel about South Indian family (1997).

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 17

 Mangoes
Glimpses of Bengal Dinesh Chandra Sen. The book examines Bengal's customs, social practices,
Life rituals and festivals, highlighting the effects of British colonial rule and the
blending of tradition with modernity.
Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by John Milton that explores the
biblical tale of Adam and Eve’s fall from grace after being tempted by Satan.
We, the People: N. A. Palkhivala. Authoritative book on the Indian Constitution (Union Law
India: The Largest Minister)
Democracy
The Inheritance of The Inheritance of Loss is the second novel by Indian author Kiran Desai,
Loss published in 2006 and winner of the 2006 Booker Prize and the 2007 National
Book Critics Circle Fiction Award.
Untouchable Untouchable is Mulk Raj Anand's debut novel, published in 1935, portraying a
day in the life of Bakha, a young latrine cleaner, to highlight the inhumanity of
the caste system in India.
The Social Contract Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Influential work on democracy and sovereignty

SPORTS

India to Host FIDE World Cup 2025  Part of PM Modi’s Fit Indi[ Movement, this
 India will host the FIDE World Cup 2025, a campaign promotes regular physical activities
premier global chess event, from October 30 like cycling, yoga and sports every Sunday.
to November 27, 2025.  Emphasizes drug-free living through
 Organized by FIDE (Fédération Internationale campaigns like Nasha-Mukt Yuva for Viksit
des Échecs), the World Cup is a biennial Bharat.
knockout-format tournament featuring 206  Conducted across 6,000+ locations, fostering
top players. national integration and social awareness.
 The top 50 players receive first-round byes;
each round includes 2 classical games and 1 Swimming Records at World
tie-break day. University Games 2025
 India’s growing stature in chess, inspired by  At the FISU World University Games 2025
Viswanathan Anand, is reflected in the rise of held in Rhine-Ruhr, Germany, Indian
players like Gukesh D, Praggnanandhaa R and swimmers Srihari Nataraj and B. Benediction
Arjun Erigaisi. Rohit set new national benchmarks.
 India won gold in both Open [nd Women’s  Srihari Nataraj clocked 1:48.22 in the 200m
categories at the 2024 Chess Olympiad and freestyle, setting a new Best Indian
previously hosted major events like Tata Steel Performance, breaking his own previous
India and the FIDE Olympiad 2022. record (1:48.66) set a month earlier.
 B. Benediction Rohit became the first Indian
Fit India Sundays on Cycle male swimmer to complete the 50m butterfly
 Fit India Sundays on Cycle is a nation-wide in under 24 seconds with a time of 23.96s,
movement under the Fit India Mission. breaking Virdh[w[l Kh[de’s 7-year-old record
 Launched in 2019, it was recently showcased (24.09s).
at BHU, Varanasi.

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 18

 Both swimmers improved their personal bests  Completed a seven-year journey from
on the same day. International Master (IM) to Grandmaster
 The FISU Games is a premier global event for (GM).
university athletes, with participation from
over 150 countries, offering global exposure 2025 FIFA World Rankings
to young talent.  India's men’s football team has dropped to
133rd place in the July 2025 FIFA World
Wimbledon 2025 Rankings, itslowest since December 2016.
 Wimbledon 2025 concluded. It continued its  Fell six spots from 127 to 133 after losses to
legacy of gender pay parity, offering equal Thailand (0-2) and Hong Kong (0-1) in June
prize money and a record-breaking total pool 2025.
of £53.5 million.  FIFA points dropped from 1132.03 to
Champions & Final Scores: 1113.22.
 Men’s Singles: Jannik Sinner (Italy) defeated  Ranked 24th out of 46 in Asia; Japan leads
Carlos Alcaraz (Spain) --4–6, 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 Asia at world rank 17.
 Women’s Singles: Iga Świątek (Poland)  Head coach Manolo Marquez parted ways
defeated Amanda Anisimova (USA) --6–0, 6–0 with All India Football Federation after poor
 Men’s Doubles: Julian Cash / Lloyd Glasspool performance.
(UK) defeated Hijikata / Pel --6–2, 7–6  India has won only 1 of its last 8 matches (a
 Women’s Doubles: Kudermetova / Mertens win over Maldives in March 2025).
defeated Ostapenko / Hsieh --3–6, 6–2, 6–4
 Mixed Doubles: Verbeek / Siniaková defeated Shooting World Cup
Stefani / Salisbury --7–6, 7–6  India will host the Shooting World Cup in
Notable Highlights: 2027 and the World Junior Championship in
 Świątek’sdouble bagel victory was one of the 2028.
most dominant Grand Slam finals.  Upcoming shooting events in India:
 Sinner claimed his first Wimbledon title, o Junior World Cup – September 2025
showing grit and comeback ability. o Asian Rifle & Pistol Championship –
 British duo Cash & Glasspool won Men’s February 2026
Doubles at home. o Shooting World Cup – 2027
 Women’s Doubles and Mixed Doubles o World Junior Championship – 2028
featured dramatic comebacks and tie-break  Aims to provide international exposure to
thrillers. Indian shooters and attract global attention to
Prize Money (Champions): Indian shooting sports.
 Singles Winners (Men/Women): £3,000,000  India to launch the first-ever Shooting League
each of India in November 2025 in Delhi, featuring
 Doubles Winners (per pair): £680,000 global talent in an innovative format.
 Mixed Doubles Winners (per pair): £135,000
Super United Rapid and Blitz 2025
Indi[’s 87th Gr[ndm[ster  Magnus Carlsen, world no. 1, won the
 Harikrishnan A. Ra., a 23-year-old chess SuperUnited Rapid and Blitz 2025 tournament
player from Chennai, has become Indi[’s 87th held in Zagreb, Croatia, on July 7, 2025.
Grandmaster Final Standings:
 Achieved his final GM norm at the La Plagne  Magnus Carlsen – 22.5/36
International Chess Festival in France on July  Wesley So (USA) – 20/36
11, 2025.  D. Gukesh (India) – 19.5/36

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 19

Note: Gukesh defeated Magnus Carlsen engagement. It aims to strengthen sports
twice, first in a classical chess match at Norway governance, enhance infrastructure and
Chess and then in a rapid game at the SuperUnited establish fitness indices in schools and
Rapid and Blitz in Zagreb. workplaces. With a focus on sports tourism,
sports goods manufacturing and private
World Boxing Cup 2025 investment, the policy aspires to make India a
 India created history at the World Boxing Cup global sports hub. It aligns with the ‘Khelo
2025 in Astana, Kazakhstan. Indi[’ vision and reflects India’s commitment
 India won its highest-ever medal tally--11 to holistic sports development.
medals (3 Gold, 5 Silver, 3 Bronze).
 Gold Medalists: UzChess Cup Masters 2025
o Sakshi (54kg) – Defeated Yosline Perez  R. Praggnanandhaa has won the UzChess Cup
(USA) Masters 2025 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
o Jaismine (57kg) – Beat JucielenCequeira  He became Indi[’s top-ranked chess player
Romeu (Brazil) and achieving a career-best World No. 4 in
o Nupur (80+kg) – Won against live FIDE ratings.
YeldanaTalipova (Kazakhstan) o Final Score: 5.5 points (tied with
 This medal haul surpasses India’s previous Abdusattorov and Sindarov)
record (6 medals in Brazil's first leg), o Tie-breaks: Praggnanandhaa beat
reinforcing its growing presence in global Sindarov and drew with Abdusattorov in
women’s boxing. the blitz round
o Live Rating: 2778.3
First Test Win at Edgbaston o World Rank: 4
 India created history by defeating England at o India Rank: 1
Edgbaston for the first time in Test cricket on  Players Surpassed
6 July 2025, securing their biggest away Test o D. Gukesh: Now World No. 5 (2776.6)
win by 336 runs. o Arjun Erigaisi: Now World No. 6 (2775.7)
 Fast bowler Akash Deep led the charge with a  Global Leaders (Top 3)
10-wicket match haul, helping India bounce o Magnus Carlsen – 2839.2
back to level the series after a loss in the o Hikaru Nakamura – 2807.0
opening match. o Fabiano Caruana – 2784.2

2025 British Grand Prix ICC Introduces Stop Clock in Test

 Lando Norris won the 2025 British Grand Prix Cricket
at Silverstone.  In a major move to speed up Test cricket, the
 Norris moved ahead after his teammate Oscar International Cricket Council (ICC) has
Piastri got a time penalty. Piastri, who had introduced a stop clock rule in the 2025–27
been leading, finished second and felt the World Test Championship cycle.
penalty was unfair. The win brought Norris  Fielding teams must begin a new over within
closer in the championship race. 60 seconds, failing which the batting side will
be awarded five penalty runs after two
New National Sports Policy. warnings.
 Union Cabinet approved a new National  Effective from: Sri Lanka vs Bangladesh Test
Sports Policy. Series, June 2025
 The policy promotes mass participation,  Rule: New over must start within 60 seconds
athlete-centric development and community  Enforcement:

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 20

 o First and second delays: Warnings o Toni Keränen (Finland) – 82.26m
o Third delay: 5-run penalty  Significance:
o Warnings reset after 80 overs o 5th event of the season
Why It Matters o Build-up to 2025 World Championships &
 Ensures faster gameplay and improves viewer Asian Games
engagement o Second major win after Paris Diamond
 Holds fielding sides accountable for over rate League
delays
 Extends stop clock concept from limited overs Lalit Upadhyay Retires from
to Tests International Hockey
Other Key Changes:
 Two-time Olympic medallist Lalit Kumar
 Saliva ban continues; no ball change required
Upadhyay has retired from international
if applied accidentally
hockey, closing a remarkable chapter in Indian
 Deliberate short run: Fielding side can choose
sport.
the batter to face next ball
 Career Highlights and Legacy
 DRS referral conflict: The request made first
 Olympic Medals:
(umpire or player) will be considered
o Tokyo 2020
 These changes reflect ICC’s focus on
o Paris 2024
enhancing the discipline, pace and
 Caps: 179+ | Goals: 40+
competitiveness of Test cricket.
 Asian Glory:
o Gold: 2016 & 2018 Asian Champions
2029 World Police & Fire Games Trophy, 2017 Asia Cup
 India has secured the hosting rights for the o Silver: Champions Trophy
2029 World Police & Fire Games, with events o Bronze: Hockey World League Final
set to take place in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar  Awards:
and Ekta Nagar. o Arjuna Award (2021)
 This marks the first time India will host the o Appointed DSP by Uttar Pradesh
prestigious global event, which brings together Government
first responders from across the world.
Key Highlights First Indian wicketkeeper to score
 Organizer: Gujarat Government, supported by
the Ministry of Home Affairs
centuries in both innings of a Test
 Participants: Over 10,000 athletes from 70+ match.
countries  Rishabh Pant made history during the June
 Sports Events: Includes athletics, swimming, 2025 Headingley Test against England by
martial arts, cycling and more becoming the first Indian wicketkeeper to
score centuries in both innings of a Test
Ostrava Golden Spike 2025 match.
Pant's Twin Centuries:
 Neeraj Chopra clinched gold at the Ostrava
 134 in the 1st innings
Golden Spike 2025 in the Czech Republic with
 118 in the 2nd innings
a best throw of 85.29 metres, marking his
 Total: 252 runs – most by an Indian
second international title in six days.
wicketkeeper in a single Test match
Highlights and Key Details
Historic Feats:
 Winning Throw: 85.29m (Third round)
 Only the second wicketkeeper in Test history
 Top Contenders:
to score two centuries in a match (after Andy
o Douw Smit (South Africa) – 84.12m
Flower in 2001)
o Anderson Peters (Grenada) – 83.63m

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 21

 First Indian batter to score centuries in both  Previous Best in 2025: 90.23m in Doha
innings of a Test in England (finished 2nd)
 Fourth-highest aggregate for a wicketkeeper  Last Win: Lausanne Diamond League 2023
in Test cricket (87.66m)
 Major Rival Beaten: Julian Weber (Germany) –
First Asian fast bowler to claim 150 87.88m
Test wickets in SENA countries Final Standings – Paris 2025
1. Neeraj Chopra (India) – 88.16m
 Jasprit Bumrah has created history by
2. Julian Weber (Germany) – 87.88m
becoming the first Asian fast bowler to claim
3. Luiz Mauricio Da Silva (Brazil) – 86.62m
150 Test wickets in SENA countries (South
Other notable participants: Keshorn
Africa, England, New Zealand and Australia).
Walcottanderson Peters, Julius Yego.
Match Performance:
 Took a five-wicket haul against England at
Headingley 2025 ICC Women’s ODI World Cup
 Helped restrict England to 465 in the 1st  The International Cricket Council (ICC) has
innings announced the schedule for the 2025 ICC
Career Stats (as of June 2025): Women’s ODI World Cup, to be held from 30
 Total Test wickets: 210 September to 2 November 2025 across India
 Wickets in SENA countries: 150+ and Sri Lanka.
 Five-wicket hauls: 14 in 87 innings  Dates: 30 September – 2 November 2025
Historic Firsts:  Format: Round-robin, followed by knockouts
 First Indian fast bowler to reach this feat  Matches Played In:
 Surpassed legends like Zaheer Khan and Anil o India – Primary host
Kumble in SENA wickets tally o Sri Lanka – Neutral venue for P[kist[n’s
matches due to diplomatic tensions
Logo & Mascot for 2025 World Background
 13th Edition of the ICC Women’s ODI World
Para Athletics Championships Cup
 India launches Logo & Mascot 'Viraaj' for 2025
 India has hosted 3 times before:
World Para Athletics Championships
o 1978
 Mascot Name:Viraaj-- a young elephant with
o 1997
a blade prosthesis, representing strength,
o 2013
resilience and inclusivity
 Total Teams: 8
 Unveiled by: Paralympic Committee of India
o India, Australia, England, South Africa,
(PCI)
New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
 Logo Theme: Likely based on inclusivity and
Pakistan
Indian ethos (exact theme not mentioned)

Four-day Test matches for smaller

Paris Diamond League 2025
 Neeraj Chopra clinched his first Diamond
cricketing nations
 The International Cricket Council will allow
League title since June 2023.
four-day Test matches for smaller cricketing
Key Highlights
nations in the 2027–29 World Test
 Winning Throw: 88.16m (1st attempt)
Championship cycle to reduce costs and
 Subsequent Throws: 85.10m, three fouls,
increase participation, while traditional five-
82.89m
day Tests will continue for major rivalries like
 Event: Paris Diamond League (8th of 15
events in 2025 season)

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 22

 the Ashes, Border-Gavaskar Trophy and New world record at Stockholm
Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy. Diamond League
 Wh[t’s Ch[nging:
 Sweden’s Olympic champion Armand
o Four-day Tests will be officially permitted
Duplantis set a new pole vault world record of
in the 2027–29 WTC cycle.
6.28 meters at the Stockholm Diamond
o Five-day Tests will continue for marquee
League
rivalries like:
New World Record:
 Ashes (England vs. Australia)
 Height: 6.28 meters.
 Border-Gavaskar Trophy (India vs.
 Previous record: 6.27 meters (set in February
Australia)
2025).
 Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy (New
 Achieved on first attempt at Stockholm’s
rivalry starting June 17, 2025)
Olympiastadion.
 Why Four-Day Tests?
Historic Importance:
o Cost-efficient: Cheaper for low-revenue
 First time Duplantis set a world record in
cricket boards.
Sweden.
o Time-saving: A full series can conclude
 Venue: 1912 Olympic Stadium, adding
faster.
emotional and historic value.
o Fan engagement: Shorter duration may
About the Event – Stockholm Diamond League:
attract more viewership.
 Also known as BAUHAUS-galan.
 Key Features of Four-Day Tests:
 A prestigious annual track and field event in
o 98 overs/day (vs. 90 in five-day Tests).
Stockholm, part of the global Diamond League
o Extended playtime daily to make up for
series.
lost time.
 Attracts top international athletes across
o Greater scheduling flexibility.
various disciplines.
 Background:
 Organized by Stadionklubbarna, a group of 14
o First allowed in 2017 for bilateral series.
local associations.
o England has already played four-day Tests
 Aims to promote athletics and position the
against:
Stockholm Olympic Stadium as a premier
 Ireland (2019, 2023)
international venue.
 Zimbabwe (2025, Trent Bridge)
 Global Impact:
o Likely beneficiaries: Zimbabwe, Ireland,
Global Ambassador for the 2025
Afghanistan Esports World Cup
o Could lead to more frequent Tests for  Cristiano Ronaldo has been named for it.
lower-ranked teams  2025 Esports World Cup is set to be held in
o 2025–27 WTC cycle will continue with Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from July 7 to August
only five-day Tests, starting with Sri 24, 2025.
Lanka vs. Bangladesh.

IMPORTANT DAYS

Date Day/Event
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is observed every year on 17 June,
established by the UN General Assembly in 1994 (Resolution A/RES/49/115). It is
coordinated by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) to raise
awareness on land degradation and sustainable land use. In 2025, Saudi Arabia hosted the

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 23

 event, highlighting its plan to plant 115 million trees.

20 June World Refugee Day. Marks the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Convention. It
honours the resilience and courage of refugees who flee conflict and persecution in search
of a safer future. Events worldwide celebrate their diverse cultures and aim to promote
empathy, inclusion and solidarity.
21 June World Music Day, International Yoga Day. Aims to recognize the global benefits of yoga
for physical, mental and spiritual well-being. It was adopted by the United Nations
General Assembly on 11 December 2014, following a proposal by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi during his UN address in September 2014.The UN resolution titled
"International Day of Yoga" was co-sponsored by 177 countries, the highest number of
co-sponsors ever for a resolution of its kind. The first Yoga Day was celebrated on 21
June 2015.
23 June United Nations Public Service Day. Aims to recognize the value and virtue of public
service in communities worldwide. Established by UN General Assembly Resolution
A/RES/57/277 on December 20, 2002, the day also features the UN Public Service
Awards, which honour outstanding contributions in improving public administration and
promoting transparency, innovation and citizen-centric governance.
26 June International Day Against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking. Since 1989, following a United
Nations General Assembly resolution (42/112) adopted in 1987. The date commemorates
Lin Zexu’s destruction of opium in Chin[ in 1839, symbolizing the global fight against drug
abuse and illegal trafficking. The observance was proposed during the International
Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (Vienna, 17–26 June 1987), where two
landmark texts were adopted to guide future drug control efforts.
1 July National Doctor’s Day. Celebrated annually to honour the contributions of physicians to
individuals and communities. In India, it is observed on July 1 to commemorate the birth
and death anniversary of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy, a renowned physician and the second
Chief Minister of West Bengal.
2 July World Sports Journalists Day 2025. Celebrates the vital role of sports reporters, writers,
commentators and photographers in shaping how we experience sports. This year’s theme
--‚Ch[mpioning F[ir Pl[y: Reporting with Integrity [nd Imp[ct‛
5 July The International Day of Cooperatives is observed every year on the first Saturday of July
to recognize the vital role of cooperatives in promoting economic inclusivity and
sustainability. This year’s theme --‚Cooper[tives: Driving Inclusive [nd Sust[in[ble
Solutions for [ Better World‛-- highlights their contribution to building a more resilient
and equitable global economy.
6 July World Zoonoses Day. World Zoonoses Day is celebrated on July 6 to raise awareness
about diseases in the human-animal interface. More than two-thirds of emerging infectious
diseases have their origins in animals. Common examples include rabies, COVID-19, Ebola,
bird flu and salmonella.
7 July World Bioproduct Day, celebrated on July 7, promotes awareness about sustainable and
eco-friendly bioproducts that contribute to climate action and a greener future. First
observed in 2021, the 2025 edition saw global participation, including India, showcasing
advancements and goals in the bioeconomy sector.
11 July World Population Day. It was established in 1989 by the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP). It was inspired by Five Billion Day (July 11, 1987), the day the global
population reached 5 billion, aiming to raise awareness about population issues,

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 reproductive health and sustainable development.
12 July World Malala Day. It coincides with the birthday of Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist
for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. The day is dedicated to
advocating for the right to education for all children, especially girls and honoring Malala's
courageous fight for this cause.
15 July World Youth Skills Day. Raises awareness about the importance of equipping young
people with skills for employment, entrepreneurship and personal growth. Marking its
10th anniversary in 2024 (declared by the United Nations in 2014), this year’s theme --
‚Youth Empowerment Through Artifici[l Intelligence (AI) [nd Digit[l Skills‛
17 July World Day for International Justice. Marks the anniversary of the adoption of the Rome
Statute, which led to the formation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 1998.
18 July Nelson Mandela International Day. Nelson Mandela International Day is observed every
year on 18 July, marking the birthday of Nelson Mandela. Declared by the United Nations
in November 2009, the day was first celebrated on 18 July 2010, honouring Mandela’s
legacy of peace, justice and human rights through acts of community service and global
solidarity.
July 20 International Moon Day.Commemorates the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969. Declared
by the United Nations General Assembly in 2021, it promotes peaceful space exploration,
global cooperation and the need for sustainable lunar missions.
July 20 World Chess Day. Commemorates the founding of the International Chess Federation
(FIDE) in 1924.
22 July National Flag Day. Indian National Flag was officially adopted on July 22, 1947 by the

Constituent Assembly of India, just 24 days before independence (August 15, 1947).

28 July World Nature Conservation Day is observed on July 28, emphasizing the urgent need to
preserve natural resources and protect ecosystems. The 2024 theme, “Connecting People

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 and Plants, Exploring Digital Innovation in Wildlife Conservation,” highlights the role of
technology in advancing conservation efforts globally.
28 July It aims raise awareness about hepatitis A, B, C, D and E, which collectively affect millions
and cause over 1.34 million deaths annually. The day promotes prevention, diagnosis and
treatment of this liver-related disease. It is one of the 11 official global health campaigns
by the World Health Organization (WHO).

STATIC GK

Nalanda University was steel plant, was set up with

founded by Kumaragupta I. German collaboration in The unit of magnetic flux is
Odisha. the Weber.
The only Indian to preside
over the United Nations The Heaviest naturally Loktak Lake in Manipur is
General Assembly was occurring element is Uranium famous for its floating
Vijayalakshmi Pandit. (U), atomic number 92. phumdis.

The First Buddhist Council The br[in’s speech center, Doldrums is a low-pressure
was held at Rajgir during the known as Broc[’s [re[, is zone near the equator known
reign of Ajatashatru. located in the left frontal lobe. for calm winds and
thunderstorms.
The ‘J[n[ G[n[ M[n[’ was first Qutub Minar construction
sung at the Calcutta Session of began under Qutb-ud-din Urea is synthesized in the
INC in 1911. Aibak and was completed by body during protein
Iltutmish. metabolism to eliminate
The Sargasso Sea is a unique ammonia.
sea without a coastline, Gallium is a metal that melts in
located in the North Atlantic the palm of your hand (melting Trans fats, common in bakery
Ocean. point ~29.7°C). items, increase LDL
cholesterol, raising the risk of
The first Indian satellite for National Green Tribunal (NGT) cardiovascular disease.
dedicated military use was was established in 2010 for
GSAT-7 (Rukmini), launched in speedy environmental justice. Bio-remediation involves using
2013. microorganisms to clean up oil
Anaimudi (8,842 feet)in Kerala spills or heavy metal pollution.
The official mascot of the G20 is the highest peak in the
Summit 2023 in India was Western Ghats. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
'G20 India: units in power plants reduce
VasudhaivaKutumbakam', The Guru Granth Sahib was SO₂ emissions to combat acid
symbolized by the lotus. compiled by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, rain.
the fifth Sikh Guru.
The largest tribal group in The ionosphere, a layer of
India by population is the Bhil. The National Commission for Earth's atmosphere containing
Women (NCW) was formed in ionized particles, reflects radio
Rourkela Steel Plant, India’s 1992 to protect women's waves, enabling long-distance
first public sector integrated rights. communication. This

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 26

phenomenon, known is silicon. It makes up about 1009 AD between Mahmud of
as skywave propagation. 27.7% of the crust by Ghazni and the Hindu Shahi
weight. Oxygen is the most ruler Anandapala. Anandapala,
As of December 2024, the abundant, making up around with the support of a
total length of expressways in 46.6%. confederation of other Indian
India was 6,059 km. rulers, was defeated by
The Battle of Waihind, also Mahmud, leading to the
The second most abundant known as the Battle of consolidation of Ghaznavid
element in the Earth's crust Chhachh, took place in 1008- control over the Punjab region.

The Gutenberg discontinuity lies between the Earth's mantle and outer core.

Bhabar zone lies along the Isohyets are lines on a map Albert Einstein explained the
Himalayan foothills and has joining areas of equal rainfall. photoelectric effect in 1905
porous soil. by proposing that light
Puga Valley in Ladakh is consists of photons, which can
The Commission for known for geothermal energy eject electrons from a metal
Agricultural Costs and Prices potential. surface if their energy is
(CACP) is an expert body that sufficient.
recommends Minimum Angel tax applies to funding
Support Prices (MSPs) to the received by startups exceeding Aluminium is extracted from
government. the fair market value. bauxite using the Hall-Héroult
process.
Tungsten is used in filament of KYC (Know Your Customer)
bulbs due to its high melting norms were first introduced in Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic
point. India by the Reserve Bank of metabolic pathway that breaks
India (RBI) in 2002. down glucose into two
The Sanskrit work pyruvate molecules, initiating
Amuktamalyada was authored The Phillips Curve depicts the both aerobic and anaerobic
by Krishnadevaraya, the relationship between inflation respiration for cellular energy
Vijayanagara emperor. and unemployment. production.

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The Geneva Protocol (1925) SWIFT network facilitates The Kalasa-Banduri Nala
banned the use of chemical secure international financial project diverts water from
and biological weapons. messaging between banks. Mahadayi to Malaprabha basin
in Karnataka.
Bastille Day (July 14) marks SPICe+ is the online
the start of the French integrated form for company LiDAR mapping is a remote
Revolution in 1789. incorporation in India. sensing technology that uses
laser pulses to generate
Ikat is a resist-dyeing weaving UDAN scheme (2016) detailed 3D models of surfaces
technique where yarns are subsidises regional air by measuring the time it takes
dyed before weaving to create connectivity on unserved and for light to bounce back,
intricate patterns, prominently underserved routes. enabling applications in
practiced in Pochampally topography, forestry, urban
(Telangana) and Patola PM WANI (2020) creates planning, coastal mapping,
(Gujarat), with designs that public Wi-Fi networks through autonomous vehicles,
appear on both sides of the Public Data Offices. archaeology and
fabric. environmental monitoring.
Sher Shah Suri, founder of the
Bharat Ratna, India’s highest Suri dynasty, introduced the The first plant genome to be
civilian award, has no formal silver coin Rupiya weighing sequenced was Arabidopsis
nomination process and can be 178 grains, standardized thaliana, a small flowering
awarded posthumously weights and measures, plant, in 2000.
following a 1955 amendment; defeated Humayun at Chausa
Lal Bahadur Shastri was the (1539) and Kannauj (1540) and Indi[’s first sodium-cooled fast
first posthumous recipient in built the Grand Trunk Road reactor (PFBR) is being
1966. from Calcutta to Peshawar. constructed at Kalpakkam,
Tamil Nadu.

CURRENT AFFAIRS GK

Tanimbar Islands are located in As of 30 June 2025, non-fossil of evil and observed mainly by
the Indonesian province of sources make up 50.08% of Niamtre followers in Jowai.
Maluku, at the end of a long India’s 484.8 gigawatt installed
chain of islands that extends power capacity--meeting the Klyuchevskoy is an active
from Sumatra to Java, Bali, 2030 Paris target five years stratovolcano on Russia’s
Lombok and down to Timor. early--but contribute only 28– Kamchatka Peninsula and the
30% to actual power tallest active volcano in
Akash is a Short-Range generation, with coal still Eurasia, standing at 4,750
Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) supplying around 70% of the meters, with over 70 side
developed by DRDO and electricity demand. craters and frequent eruptions
produced by Bharat Dynamics since 1700.
Ltd to intercept aerial threats Behdeinkhlam is a mid-July
up to 25 km range and 18 km harvest festival of the Pnar RhoDIS India, launched in
altitude, guided by Rajendra community in Meghalaya, 2016 by the Ministry of
PESA radar. symbolizing the driving away Environment, Forests and

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Climate Change, uses DNA A person is considered Submergence Rescue Vehicle,
indexing to aid in rhino "ordinarily resident" in a boosting India's self-reliance
conservation and crime constituency under Section 19 and IOR maritime capabilities.
investigation, creating unique and 20 of the Representation
genetic IDs for individual of the People Act, 1950 if they Sheesh Mahal, built in the
rhinos. habitually live there with the 17th century under Emperor
intent of permanent stay, not Shah Jahan, is a stunning
Noctilucent clouds are ice- just casual visits--mere example of Mughal
crystal clouds that form near property ownership is not architecture, known for its
the summer polar mesopause enough and temporary intricate mirror work and
(~80 km altitude), visible only absence doesn't affect this placement within a grand
at astronomical twilight and status. Mughal Garden complex.
known for their night-shining
glow, typically seen between A second is officially defined Mount Rainier, the highest
50° and 70° latitudes. as the time it takes for a peak in Washington (4,392 m),
caesium-133 atom to is an active stratovolcano with
The Maputo Protocol, adopted complete 9,192,631,770 the largest glacier system in
by the African Union in 2003, vibrations during a transition the U.S. outside Alaska and is
is a landmark treaty promoting between two energy levels in one of the world’s 16 Dec[de
women’s rights in Afric[, its ground state. Volcanoes due to its explosive
leading to progress in political potential and proximity to
representation, like in Rwanda The Battery Passport system is Seattle.
and improved reproductive a digital ID for EV batteries,
healthcare across member containing key data on origin, Ham radio, or amateur radio, is
nations. composition, performance, a licensed service that enables
lifecycle andsupply chain--all individuals to communicate
Polycyclic Aromatic linked via a unique QR code to locally, globally and even with
Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are flat, ensure transparency and space stations using radio
ring-shaped organic molecules traceability. waves. In India, those aged 12
made of carbon and hydrogen, years and above can obtain a
formed on Earth through Japonica rice is a variety of license from the Ministry of
incomplete combustion or Oryza sativa, characterized by Electronics and Information
pyrolysis of organic matter and short, round grains that turn Technology.
are known to persist in oils, sticky and firm when cooked,
resist water anddisintegrate in due to low amylose content.It Mount Shinmoedake is an
space under intense radiation thrives in cool, temperate active stratovolcano located in
or collisions. climates and is mainly grown in the Kirishima range on Kyushu
Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam Island, Japan, standing at
A pheromone is a chemical and Indonesia. 1420.8 meters.
signal released by an animal to
influence the behavior or INS Nistar is an indigenous A polar anticyclone is a high-
physiology of other members Diving Support Vessel built by pressure wind system that
of the same species, such as Hindustan Shipyard to support forms over the cold polar
triggering mating, alarm, or submarine rescue and deep- regions, especially during
social behaviors like locust sea operations, with 80% local winter, due to the cooling and
swarming. content. It serves as a mother sinking of dense surface air.
ship for the Deep Examples include the Siberian

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high and winter highs over them ideal for advanced sugar and appetite. Now
Canada and Alaska, which technologies like spintronics. available in India, they offer
often push cold, dry air toward effective obesity treatment,
lower latitudes. The SPREE Scheme (Scheme enabling 15-20% weight loss
to Promote Registration of along with multiple health
The Alaknanda River is a major Employers/Employees), active benefits.
Himalayan tributary of the from July 1 to December 31,
Ganga, originating from the 2025, encourages voluntary The Banakacherla Reservoir
Satopanth Glacier in registration under the ESI Act, Project aims to combat water
Uttarakhand. It meets offering medical coverage to scarcity in drought-prone
Bhagirathi at Devprayag, left-out workers and Rayalaseemaandhra Pradesh,
where the river officially compliance benefits to by linking the Godavari River
becomes the Ganga, after unregistered employers. with the Penna River through
confluences with Nandakini, the Krishna River. It includes
Pindar and Mandakini at India is now free of Trachoma, building a new reservoir at
various Prayags. a contagious eye infection Bollapalli, Guntur district, with
caused by the bacterium five lift stations, using only
The India Energy Stack (IES) is Chlamydia trachomatis, surplus Godavari water.
a Digital Public Infrastructure leading to preventable
designed for the energy blindness. It spreads through The UN80 Initiative, launched
sector, offering secure, contact with infected in March 2025 by UN
standardized and open access secretions and is classified by Secretary-General António
to stakeholders. It aims to the World Health Guterres, is a reform agenda
digitally integrate the entire Organization as a Neglected aimed at making the United
electricity value chain--from Tropical Disease. Nations more efficient,
generation to consumption. effective and relevant for the
Di-Ammonium Phosphate 21st century.
The Financial Fraud Risk (DAP) is India’s second most
Indicator (FRI) is a tool used fertilizer after urea, vital The Rhone Glacier is the
launched in May 2025 by the for early-stage crop growth as largest glacier in the Urner
Digital Intelligence Unit under it provides 46% phosphorus Alps of Switzerland and the
the Department of and 18% nitrogen. source of the Rhone River,
Telecommunications. It significantly feeding Lake
assesses the fraud risk level of Kerala renamed Aralam Geneva in the canton of
mobile numbers--Medium, Wildlife Sanctuary in Kannur Valais. The highest point
High, or Very High--and is [s Indi[’s first Ar[l[m above it is Dammastock,
used by major banks and Butterfly Sanctuary, home to standing at 3,630 meters.
payment platforms to combat over 266 butterfly species,
financial fraud. representing 80% of Kerala’s Price Support Scheme (PSS) is
diversity. Located in the a government program that
Altermagnets are a newly Western Ghats, it protects rare safeguards farmers against
discovered class of magnetic species. market price fluctuations by
materials that have no net guaranteeing the purchase of
external magnetism like GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs, their produce at a
antiferromagnets but show such as semaglutide and predetermined Minimum
ferromagnet-like electron tirzepatide, mimic natural gut Support Price (MSP).
behavior internally, making hormones that regulate blood

The July 2025 Edition P a g e | 30

Digital Payment Intelligence atmosphere's ability to pull mostly of helium instead of
Platform (DPIP) is a moisture from land and plants hydrogen. Thought to form
centralized system designed to through evaporation and from the merger of a carbon-
shift fraud management from transpiration. It increases with oxygen white dwarf with a
reactive to proactive by high temperature, low helium white dwarf, 21 such
enabling real-time sharing of humidity, strong winds and stars have been found in our
suspicious account and sunlight and prolonged high galaxy, with temperatures
transaction data among evaporative demand periods ranging from 8000 K to 35000
institutions, aiming to prevent are known as thirstwaves. K.
financial losses.
The Strait of Hormuz is a India's wind power has
The newly identified EMM- narrow passage connecting the surpassed 51 GW, but
negative blood type, also Persian Gulf to the Gulf of infrastructural and policy
called Gwada negative, is the Oman and the Arabian Sea, challenges pose a threat to
rarest blood type globally, with lying between Iran and Oman. renewable energy targets.
only one known individual as
of June 2025. It lacks the The World Economic Forum Quantum communication
EMM antigen, a high-incidence releases the Energy Transition means sending information
antigen normally present on Index annually, which using tiny particles of light
red blood cells, making this benchmarks 118 countries on called photons. It is much safer
blood type uniquely the performance of their than regular ways because it
compatible only with itself and current energy systems, uses a special connection
posing challenges for safe emphasizing the shift toward a called quantum entanglement,
blood transfusions. more inclusive, sustainable where two particles stay linked
and secure global energy even if they are very far apart.
Evaporative demand, also future. This makes the communication
called potential evapo- almost impossible to hack.
transpiration or atmospheric Extreme Helium Stars are rare,
thirst, measures the low-mass supergiants made

The "Decade Volcanoes" are 16

volcanoes identified by the
International Association of
Volcanology and Chemistry of the
Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) as being
particularly worthy of study due to
their potential for dangerous
eruptions and proximity to
populated areas. These volcanoes
were selected as part of the United
Nations-sponsored International
Decade for Natural Disaster
Reduction in the 1990s.

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