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trees
of Pennsylvania

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 Trees of Pennsylvania, the Atlantic States, and the Lake States (2016th Edition) Li

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trees
of Pennsylvania
the atlaritic states and
the lake states

Hui-lin Li

University of Pennsylvania Press

Philadelphia

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 Trees of Pennsylvania, the Atlantic States, and the Lake States (2016th Edition) Li

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Copyright © 1972 by The University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 72-80376

ISBN: 0-8122-7665-5

Complete design by
Cypher Associates, Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

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COINTTENTS

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS vii

INTRODUCTION 1

THE STUDY AND IDENTIFICATION OF TREES 3

THE CLASSIFICATION AND NAMING OF TREES 8

THE USE OF THE KEYS 10

SUMMER KEY TO THE GENERA 12

WINTER KEY TO THE GENERA 16

LIST OF SPECIES 19

MANUAL OF GENERA AND SPECIES 21

GLOSSARY 257

BIBLIOGRAPHY 265

INDEX 269

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The line drawings for this work were prepared by my wife,

C. Y. Hsu Li, in close collaboration with me. I am grateful
for her help, interest, and encouragement. I wish to express
my appreciation to several persons who have helped
in typing or have otherwise assisted in the preparation
of the manuscript: Mrs. S. H. Cheng Hsiao, Mrs. Margaret
Yaeger, Mrs. Josephine Beck, Mrs. Patricia Abrams, and
our daughters June and Anne Li. Thanks are also due to
contributors of photographic material used as illustrations.
The greater part of the photographs are from the
Morris Arboretum collections. The Arnold Arboretum
contributed two (p. 77, p. 94) and the New Crops Division
of USDA one (p. 100). Credits for the Morris Arboretum
photographs are as follows: Dr. John M. Fogg, Jr. (p. 29
bottom, p. 30, p. 42, p. 43, p. 44 bottom, p. 45, p. 46, p. 50,
p. 58 bottom, p. 68, p. 73, p. 92, p. 98, p. 121, p. 123 top,
p. 125, p. 126, p. 128, p. 129, p. 146 bottom, p. 147, p. 150,
p. 152, p. 156, p. 164, p. 166, p. 170, p. 178, p. 179, p. 180,
p. 184, p. 186, p. 190, p. 194 top, p. 210 top, p. 211, p. 217,
p. 218, p. 226, p. 230, p. 238, p. 240, p. 246 bottom, p. 247,
p. 255 top); the late Richard B. Chillas, Jr. (p. 65, p. 67, p. 90,
p. 96, p. 125 bottom, p. 138, p. 236, p. 250, p. 255 bottom);
Dr. Ju-Ying Hsiao (p. 22, p. 24, p. 29 top, p. 48, p. 58 top,
p. 66, p. 78, p. 79 top, p. 91 top, p. 123 bottom, p. 124,
p. 127 top, p. 134, p. 168, p. 188, p. 194 bottom, p. 199, p. 209,
p. 210 bottom, p. 228, p. 246 top); Dr. Patricia Allison
(p. 146 top); Elizabeth Orzatti (p. 44 top, p. 91 bottom,
p. 140); and others, including some by myself.

vi

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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Balsam Fir (1). Branch 22 Bitternut Hickory (26). Branch with

Eastern Hemlock (2). Branch with fruits 73
cones 24 Pignut (27). Tree 77
Red Spruce (3). Tree 29, top Shagbark Hickory (29). Trunk 78
Black Spruce (4). Tree 29, bottom Mockernut (30). Branch 79, top; tree in
American Larch (5]. Branch with winter 83
flowers 30 Big Shell-bark Hickory (31). Branch with
White Pine (6). Tree 41 opening bud 79, bottom
Pitch Pine (7). Branches with Gray Birch (32). Trunks 90
cones 42, top Cherry Birch (33). Branch 91, top
Red Pine (8). Trees 42, bottom Yellow Birch (34). Trunk 91, bottom
Short-leaf Pine (9). Tree 43 River Birch (35). Trunk 92
Virginia Pine (10}. Branches with Paper Birch (36). Trunk 93
cones 44, top American Hornbeam (37). Branch with
Table Mountain Pine [11]. Branch with leaves 94
cone 44, bottom American Hop-Hornbeam (38). Branch with
Jack Pine (12). Branches with cones 45 pistillate flowers 96
American Arborvitae (13). Branch with American Beech (39). Tree 98
cone 46 American Chestnut (40). Branches with
White Cedar (14). Branch 48 fruits 100
Red Cedar (15). Branch with cones 50 Willow Oak (41). Branches with
Cottonwood (16). Trees 57 leaves 121, top
Quaking Aspen (17). Branch 58, top; Shingle Oak (42). Branches 121, bottom
grove of young trees 59 White Oak (43). Trees 122
Large-toothed Aspen (18). Branch 58, Burr Oak (44). Branch with fruit 123, top
bottom Post Oak (45). Branch 123, bottom
Beak Willow (20). Branch with staminate Swamp White Oak (47). Branch 124, top
flowers 65 Chestnut Oak (48). Branch 124, bottom
Black Willow (21). Branch 66 Yellow Chestnut Oak (49). Branch 125, top
Shining Willow (22). Branch with Black-Jack Oak (50). Branches 125,
staminate flowers 67, top bottom
Pussy Willow (23). Branches with Scrub Oak (51). Branches 126, top
flowers 67, bottom Spanish Oak (52). Branch 126, bottom
Butternut (24). Branch with fruits 68; Black Oak (53). Branch 127, top
branches with leaves 71, bottom Pin Oak (54). Trees 127, bottom
Black Walnut (25). Branch with fruits 71, top Scarlet Oak (55). Tree 128

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Red Oak (56). Tree 129 Large-leaved Holly (92). Branches with
White Eha (57). Tree 133 fhwer-buds 199
Slippery Elm (58). Branch 134 Box Elder (93). Branch with /ruits 209,
Slippery Elm (58). Trunk 135 top
Hackberry (59). Tree 136 Silver Maple (94). Branch 209, bottom
Red Mulberry (60). Branch with leaves 138 Moosewood (96). Branch with /ruits 210,
Osage Orange (61). Fruit 140 top; bark 213
Umbrella-tree (62). Fruit 146, top Mountain Maple (97). Branch with young
Cucumber-tree (63). Branch with inflorescences 210, bottom
flowers 146, bottom Red Maple (98). Tree 211
Sweet Bay (64). Branch with flowers 147 Sugar Maple (99). Tree 212
Tulip-tree (65). Trees 148 Ohio Buckeye (100). Branch with fruit 214;
Pawpaw (66). Branches with flowers 150 tree 217
Sassafras (67). Trunk 152 Sweet Buckeye (101). Branch with
Sweet-Gum (68). Tree 154 /ruits 218
Buttonwood (69). Bark 156 American Linden (102). Branch with
Scarlet Thorn (70). Tree in fruit 165 fruits 220; tree 223; tree in winter 225
Dotted Thorn (73). Tree 158; tree in fruit White Basswood (103). Tree 224
164, bottom Tupelo (104). Branch with leaves 226
Coclupur Thorn (72). Branches with Hercules' Club (105). Grove of young
fruits 164, top trees 228
American Mountain-Ash (75). Branch with Flowering Dogwood (106). Flowers 230
fruits 166 Alternate-leaved Dogwood (107). Tree in
American Crab (76). Branch 168 fruit 233
Shad-bush (77). Branches with flowers 170 Great Laurel (108). Tree in flower 234
Black Cheny (78). Branches with Mountain Laurel (109). Branch with
/lowers 178, top flowers 236
Choke Cherry (79). Branch with Sorrel Tree (110). Branch with fruits 238
flowers 178, bottom Common Persimmon (111). Branch with
Bird-cherry [82). Trees 179 fruits 240
Honey Locust (83). Trunk 180 Black Ash (112). Branch with young
Kentucky Coffee-tree (84). Branch with fruits 246, top
staminate flowers 182 White Ash (113). Tree 247
Redbud (85). Branches with flowers 184 Red Ash (114). Branch with fruits 246,
Black Locust (86). Branches with bottom
flowers 186 Fringe-tree (115). Tree in flower 248
Tree of Heaven (87). Branch 188 Common Catalpa (116). Branch with
Shining Sumac (88). Branch with fruits 190 flowers 250
Poison Sumac (89). Branches with Sheep-berry (117). Branch with
leaves 194, top; leaves 194, bottom leaves 255, top
Staghom Sumac (90). Branch 195, top; Black-haw (118). Tree in flower 252;
tree 195, bottom branch with fruits 255, bottom
American Holly (91). Branch with
f ruits 196

viii

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trees
of Pennsylvania
the atlantic statesand
the lakestates

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 Trees of Pennsylvania, the Atlantic States, and the Lake States (2016th Edition) Li

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