2025 IEB LFSC
TASK004 TERM 2 EXAM MEMORANDUM
150 MARKS
Section A
Question 1
1.1
1.1.1 D✔
1.1.2 B✔
1.1.3 D✔
1.1.4 C✔
1.1.5 C✔
1.1.6 B✔
1.1.7 D✔
1.1.8 B✔
1.1.9 C✔
1.1.10 D✔
1.1.11 C✔
1.1.12 B✔
[12]
1.2
1.2.1 C✔ Karyokinesis
1.2.2 A✔ Tumour
1.2.3 B✔ Cancer
1.2.4 E✔ Cell Plate
1.2.5 D✔ Spindle Fibre
[5]
1.3
1.3.1. Both statements apply✔
1.3.2. Only statement 2 applies✔
1.3.3. Only statement 1 applies✔
1.3.4. Neither statement applies✔
1.3.5. Both statements applies✔
[5]
1.4
1.4.1 Ecology✔
1.4.2 Chromatin network✔
1.4.3 Granum✔
1.4.4 Cuticle✔
1.4.5 Stem cell✔
1.4.6 Xylem✔
1.4.7 Centromere✔
1.4.8 Epidermal tissue✔
1.4.9 Stoma / stomata✔
1.4.10 Sclerenchyma / Xylem✔
[11]
TOTAL QUESTION 1:
[33]
TOTAL SECTION A: [33]
Section B: Contextual questions
Question 2: Plant & Animal cells
2.1 Cell X✔ (1)
2.2 Small vacuoles✔
Cell wall absent✔
No Chloroplast ✔
No fixed shape ✔
Centrioles present✔
(any 2) (2)
2.3 A-Mitochondrion✔
B-Granular ER/ rough ER/ Endoplasmic reticulum✔ (2)
2.4 C – Vacuole✔
The cell sap causes turgor pressure which gives the plant rigidity and storage of
various substances✔ (2)
2.5 D -Cell wall✔
Support structure
Protects the living contents of the plant cell
Gives rigidity
(any 1) (2)
2.6
2.6.1 Protein synthesis✔
2.6.2 Both✔
2.6.3 Mitochondrion✔
2.6.4 Both✔
2.6.5 Photosynthesis✔
2.6.6 Plants only✔
(6)
2.7 63 µm + 78 µm + 69 µm ✓ =210 / 3 ✓= 70 µm ✓ (3)
TOTAL QUESTION 2: [18]
Question 3: Plant tissues
3.1
3.1.1 To determine the optimum amount of water needed for maximum plant
growth.✔ (1)
3.1.2 Independent: amount of water given each day.(ml) ✔ (1)
Dependent: growth of plants (cm) ✔ (1)
Controlled variable: same plants; watered at the same time;
same amount of sunlight; same environmental conditions. ✔
(any 1)
3.1.3 The plant was overwatered ✔ can lead to rotting roots✔. (2)
3.1.4 Salt water causes water to move out of the plant’s cells through
osmosis ✔,
leading to dehydration, wilting, and eventually shrinkage of plant
tissue ✔. (2)
3.1.5 Use several plants (at least 3–5) and water each with a solution of different
salt concentrations (e.g. 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%) ✔
Ensure that all other factors (light, temperature, soil, pot size, type of plant,
and watering time) remain the same to ensure a fair test ✔
Measure and record plant height weekly for 4 weeks ✔
(3)
3.1.6 As the concentration of salt in the water increases, the growth of the
plant will decrease.✔
OR
There is an inverse relationship between salt concentration in water
and plant growth.✔
(1)
3.2
3.2.1 A:cuticle ✓ (1)
F: (upper) epidermal cell ✓ (1)
3.2.2 Chloroplast ✓ (1)
3.2.3
a) Palisade cells ✓ (1)
b) They are found just below the epidermis of the leaf ✓ for capturing sunlight
effectively ✓
Are in close contact with xylem and phloem ✓ for the transport of
water and products of photosynthesis ✓
Are in close contact with intercellular air spaces ✓
for rapid diffusion of CO2, O2 and water ✓
They are elongated cells ✓ allowing diffusion of gases into and out of cells ✓
They contain numerous chloroplasts with chlorophyll ✓ for maximum
absorption of sunlight and therefore maximum photosynthesis ✓
(any 1 explained OR any two) (2)
3.2.4 Because vessel cells are hollow and non-living✓, they form a continuous
pipeline from the roots to the leaves ✓, this allows plants to transport water
and minerals from the roots to the leaves ✓ (3)
3.2.5 Diffusion is a form of passive transport which takes place anywhere
and the flow happens from a high concentration to a low concentration ✓.
Osmosis happens across a semi-permeable membrane ✓ (2)
TOTAL QUESTION 3: [24]
Question 4: Mitosis
4.1
4.1.1 100 – 93 ✓ = 7% ✓ (2)
4.1.2 Division of the cytoplasm ✓ to result in two daughter cells. ✓ (2)
4.1.3 Interphase ✓
Cell functions as normal ✓; cell is at rest ✓; cell is growing ✓;
replication of DNA ✓ and duplication of chromosomes ✓
(Any one✓) (2)
4.2
4.2.1 Metaphase ✓
(1)
4.2.2 chromosomes line up at the equator ✓ (1)
4.2.3 A – Spindle fibre ✓ (1)
B – Chromosome ✓/ chromatid (1)
C – Centriole ✓ (1)
4.2.4
a) Anaphase ✓ (1)
b) During anaphase, each pair of chromosomes is separated into two
identical, independent chromosomes. ✓ The chromosomes are
separated simultaneously at their centromeres. ✓ The separated
chromosomes are then pulled by the spindle fibres to opposite poles
of the cell.
OR
The centromeres split.✓
Sister chromatids separate.✓
The chromatids (now unreplicated chromosomes) are pulled to
opposite poles of the cell by the contracting spindle fibres ✓ (3)
4.2.5 2 ✓ chromosomes (1)
4.2.6 Growth ✓
Replace and repair worn out cell or tissue ✓
Asexual reproduction ✓ (3)
TOTAL QUESTION 4:
[19]
Queston 5: Biomes
5.1
5.1.1 A BIOME is a large geographic region characterised by a specific
climate, soil type, and the distinct plant and animal life adapted
to those conditions. ✔ (1)
5.1.2 Aquatic Biome ✔ , Terrestrial Biome ✔ (2)
5.1.3 Terrestrial biomes of SA ✓ (Accept SA biomes)
(1)
5.1.4 Savannah ✓ and Grassland ✓ and Fynbos ✓ (Any two)
(2)
5.1.5 Kudu, vervet monkey and bushbuck OR Elephant ✓
(accept correct answers) (1)
5.1.6 A-Savannah✓
(1)
5.1.7
A Savannah✓
B Grassland✓
C Nama Karoo ✓ (3)
5.1.8 Succulent Karoo ✓ (1)
TOTAL QUESTION 5: [12]
Question 6: Physiographic factors
6.1
6.1.1 Aspect ✓ (Accept physiographical factor ✓) (1)
6.1.2 Northern side because more sunlight ✓ during the day
for photosynthesis✓.(2)
6.1.3 Light ✓ Slope ✓ Altitude ✓Soil ✓ Gases ✓ (Any 2) (2)
6.1.4 Low water holding capacity = low growth because not enough water ✓
Medium water holding capacity = very good growth ✓
High water holding capacity = low growth because drowning ✓ (2)
6.2
6.2.1 Water cycle✓ (1)
6.2.2 Oxygen and Hydrogen (1)
6.2.3
A Transpiration✓
B Evaporation✓
C Condensation✓
D Precipitation✓
E Run off✓ (5)
6.2.4 Evaporation ✓ takes place ALL the time ✓ (2)
6.2.5 Infiltration: Water is absorbed ✔ by the soil ✔
Run-off: Some water runs off above ground ✔ and forms streams/rivers
which flow into lakes and oceans ✔ (4)
6.2.6 Urban development, farming, mining, constructing dams, etc
(any 2) (2)
6.3
6.3.1 12:00 and 16:00 ✓ (1)
6.3.2
a) photosynthesis ✓ (1)
b) cellular respiration ✓ (1)
6.3.3 0.5% ✓ (1)
6.3.4 09:00✓
19:00 ✓ (2)
6.3.5 Yes, the pattern would change. ✓
With fewer trees,✓ less CO₂ would be absorbed during the day. ✓
This would result in a smaller drop in CO₂ concentration. ✓
CO₂ levels would remain higher overall✓ due to continued respiration✓ and
loss of photosynthetic capacity.
(Any 5) (5)
TOTAL QUESTION 6:
[32]
Question 7: Biotic factors
7.1
7.1.1 Flow of energy ✓ (1)
7.1.2 Owl / hawk✓ (1)
7.1.3 The number of grasshoppers would increase ✓
Leading to a decrease in grass ✓
And a decrease in the number of snakes, because the owls will only
have snakes to feed on ✓ (3)
7.1.4 They break down the dead bodies of plants and animals ✓and return
the nutrients back to the soil and atmosphere✓ (2)
7.1.5
(4)
TOTAL QUESTION 7:
[11]
TOTAL SECTION B:
[118]
GRAND TOTAL: [150]
