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OSPREY MASTERCLASS
Modelling Luftwaffe Jets and
Wonder Weapons

Brett Green
Series editor Marcus Cowper
CONTENTS

Dawn of the jet age

Chapter 1 Up close and personal: the Jumo 109-
004B turbojet
Chapter 2 Into service: development of the
Messerschmitt Me 262
Chapter 3 The people’s fighter: large-scale
Volksjäger
Chapter 4 Jet bomber: special delivery
Chapter 5 Stranger than fiction
Chapter 6 Vengeance weapons
Chapter 7 Luft ’46
Further reading and references
 DAWN OF THE JET AGE

INTRODUCTION

W hile the Allies largely relied on mass production to help them win
World War II, Germany put a great deal of its limited resources into
new technologies and wonder weapons.
Nowhere was this more evident than some of the revolutionary aircraft
developed for the Luftwaffe. By the end of 1944, a number of jet and rocket
aircraft were entering front-line service in the roles of high-speed interceptor,
fighter, reconnaissance and bomber.
In addition to these tangible assets, which were used with varying degrees
of success, the drawing boards of Germany were littered with dozens of
advanced designs that never reached the prototype or production stages.

The first jet fighter was the Heinkel He 280. This is the initial
prototype, V1, that crashed because of engine failure on 13
January 1942. The pilot ejected safely. (US Dept. of Defence)

Many of these operational and paper projects advanced the pace and
influenced the direction of aircraft development in the decades following
World War II, with many of the German engineers responsible for these
innovations seamlessly continuing their roles in the United States and the
USSR.
Modellers have had a long fascination for the Luftwaffe’s jet arsenal and
secret weapons of fact and fiction and this new Osprey Masterclass book
explores the Luftwaffe jets and rocket planes that saw service at the end of
World War II. We discuss the background behind these wonder weapons, and
cover powerplants and cockpits in detail with photographic walkarounds and
modelling guides. We also discuss the new rocket and missile technologies
and the ‘Luftwaffe ’46 phenomenon – ‘what if ’ aircraft that never saw
service, but can now appear as scale models.

The Heinkel He 178 was the world’s first practical jet. It was
powered by an HeS 3 turbojet engine, and made its maiden
flight just before the outbreak of war on 27 August 1939.

USS Cusk (SSG-348) firing a Loon missile during 1951. The

Loon missile was a post-war American copy of the V-1 flying
bomb. Many post-war jet and rocket designs were closely based
on those of wartime Germany. (US Navy photo)
 There is a detailed case study of a particular Messerschmitt Me 262 A-2a,
‘Black X’. The history of the aircraft and its fighter-bomber jet Geschwader,
in addition to details of its pilot and its fate after the war, are accompanied by
photos of a model of this fascinating Stormbird.
Special attention is given to painting late-war jets and rocket aircraft, with
step-by-step techniques offered for bare metal, unfinished plywood and, of
course, the ever-controversial RLM camouflage colours.

FIRST JET FIGHTER: THE HEINKEL HE 280

BY BRETT GREEN
Germany invested significant resources in ‘wonder weapons’ including jet-
and rocket-powered aircraft even before the outbreak of World War II. The
Luftwaffe reaped the benefit of this advanced research with a number of
practical designs and the world’s first operational jet fighter. The cost to
Germany was a lost opportunity to standardize and mass-produce
conventional fighter aircraft – a decision that may have had an effect on the
duration of the war, if not the actual result.
In this chapter, we examine some of the early jet aircraft designs, and build
Eduard’s 1/48-scale Heinkel He 280, the world’s first jet fighter.
The Heinkel He 280 was the world’s first jet fighter, taking its first
powered flight on 2 April 1941. The He 280 was designed as a single-seat,
low-wing fighter with two jet engines. Prototypes of the He 280 flew at
various times with either the Henschel HeS 8a and Junkers Jumo 004 engine.
The Argus As 014 pulse-jet engine was also tested; this was the same engine
that powered the V-1 flying bomb.
The He 280 was fitted with an operational ejection seat. The first aircraft
ejection in history took place when the pilot of He 280 V1, Helmut Schenk,
had to escape the jet after losing control following heavy icing.
With a maximum speed of 770km/h, the He 280 was more than 170km/h
faster than its Luftwaffe contemporary, the Messerschmitt Bf 109F-2. Several
flight trials were undertaken against the Focke-Wulf Fw 190A, which proved
the superiority of this pioneering jet prototype.
 Eduard’s 1/48-scale Heinkel He 280.

Although the Heinkel He 280 can rightfully claim its place in history as the
first jet fighter, and proved to be a valuable research platform, it did not
proceed to operational service because of engine problems and political
resistance. The Heinkel He 280 project was officially cancelled on 27 March
1943 with just nine prototypes having been built.
 Eduard released their 1/48-scale Heinkel He 280 kit around the
year 2000 in standard and ProfiPACK guises.

EDUARD’S 1/48-SCALE HEINKEL HE 280 IN THE BOX

Eduard released their 1/48-scale Heinkel He 280 around 2000. This kit
represented a leap in quality compared with its earlier short-run World War II
kits. The plastic was smooth, sprue attachments quite narrow and surface
detail was very crisp and fine. This was really one of the first models out of
Eastern Europe that bridged the gap between limited-run and mainstream
injection-moulded kits. The gap has been getting smaller ever since.
The ProfiPACK boxing included resin and photo-etched parts.
Here are the bulged and flattened resin wheels and the ejection
seat.

The ProfiPACK’s nickel-plated photo-etch fret supplies the

instrument panel, switch panel, handles, harness straps, rudder
pedals and more.

All versions of the kit include both the Jumo 004 (left) and the
HeS 8a (right) engines. It is very useful to have the option of
either set of engines.
 The long rear fuselage and heavy twin tail are sure to make this
kit a tail sitter, so the shaped white metal nose weight supplied
by Eduard is a thoughtful touch.

Eduard’s 1/48-scale Heinkel He 280 was released in standard and

ProfiPACK versions. In addition to the 90 grey plastic parts, the ProfiPACK
also supplied four resin parts, a brass photo-etched fret and self-adhesive
masks for the canopy frames and the wheel hubs.
Both versions of the kit boasted very fine recessed panel lines and the
option of either HeS 8a or Jumo 004 engines. Two complete canopies were
included too – one single piece for a closed canopy, and a separate
windscreen and sliding section if the modeller wanted to pose the canopy
open. Another nice touch was a metal ingot shaped to fit in the upper nose of
the model. This prevents the model from tipping back onto its tail when it is
finished.

CONSTRUCTION
I was building the ProfiPACK version of Eduard’s kit, so I had the benefit of
its nice resin wheels and the ejection seat. Unfortunately, I broke off one of
the seat handles when cleaning up the resin part. This was replaced with bent
wire. In retrospect, I really should have replaced both handles, as the new
part is significantly thinner than the original.
Eduard supplies a photo-etched top plate for the port-side console, but
nothing is included for the starboard side. I inadvertently sanded off the
raised detail from the starboard-side console before I realized this. A side
console was pilfered from an old Eduard photo-etched fret for the Fujimi
Messerschmitt Bf 110 to restore detail in this area.

Markings are supplied for three different He 280 prototypes –

The V2, V3 and V8. Note that V2 was fitted with JUMO 004
and HeS 8a engines at different times in its service life, so
check your references carefully!
The photo-etched harness has been glued to the resin seat prior
to painting. One of the side handles had broken off my seat, so I
fashioned a replacement from copper wire. In retrospect, I
really should have replaced both so that they matched.

Eduard supplies only the port-side console on their photo-

etched fret, so I borrowed a starboard side console from an old
Eduard fret for the Fujimi Bf 110 C. Note that the photo-etched
parts were primed before they were glued to the consoles. Some
extra structural detail has been cut from plastic card too.
Extra detail was added to the cockpit side walls. Thin plastic
strip represents fuselage frames, while the wiring is soft fine
solder secured with superglue. The switch panel is from the kit-
supplied photo-etched fret.

Similar detail has been added to the port side wall.

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