(Ebook) After Bataille Sacrifice, Exposure, Community by

Ffrench, Patrick ISBN 9781351577366, 9781904350859,

1351577360, 1904350852 Pdf Download

https://ebooknice.com/product/after-bataille-sacrifice-exposure-
community-11777320

★★★★★
4.6 out of 5.0 (13 reviews )

DOWNLOAD PDF

ebooknice.com
 (Ebook) After Bataille Sacrifice, Exposure, Community by
Ffrench, Patrick ISBN 9781351577366, 9781904350859,
1351577360, 1904350852 Pdf Download

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 EDUCATIONAL COLLECTION - LIMITED TIME

INSTANT DOWNLOAD VIEW LIBRARY

Here are some recommended products that we believe you will be
interested in. You can click the link to download.

(Ebook) Biota Grow 2C gather 2C cook by Loucas, Jason; Viles, James

ISBN 9781459699816, 9781743365571, 9781925268492, 1459699815,
1743365578, 1925268497

https://ebooknice.com/product/biota-grow-2c-gather-2c-cook-6661374

(Ebook) Matematik 5000+ Kurs 2c Lärobok by Lena Alfredsson, Hans

Heikne, Sanna Bodemyr ISBN 9789127456600, 9127456609

https://ebooknice.com/product/matematik-5000-kurs-2c-larobok-23848312

(Ebook) SAT II Success MATH 1C and 2C 2002 (Peterson's SAT II Success)

by Peterson's ISBN 9780768906677, 0768906679

https://ebooknice.com/product/sat-ii-success-
math-1c-and-2c-2002-peterson-s-sat-ii-success-1722018

(Ebook) Master SAT II Math 1c and 2c 4th ed (Arco Master the SAT
Subject Test: Math Levels 1 & 2) by Arco ISBN 9780768923049,
0768923042

https://ebooknice.com/product/master-sat-ii-math-1c-and-2c-4th-ed-
arco-master-the-sat-subject-test-math-levels-1-2-2326094
(Ebook) Cambridge IGCSE and O Level History Workbook 2C - Depth Study:
the United States, 1919-41 2nd Edition by Benjamin Harrison ISBN
9781398375147, 9781398375048, 1398375144, 1398375047

https://ebooknice.com/product/cambridge-igcse-and-o-level-history-
workbook-2c-depth-study-the-united-states-1919-41-2nd-edition-53538044

(Ebook) Ecce Monstrum: Georges Bataille and the Sacrifice of Form by

Jeremy Biles ISBN 9780823227785, 0823227782

https://ebooknice.com/product/ecce-monstrum-georges-bataille-and-the-
sacrifice-of-form-42660764

(Ebook) Saints of the impossible : Bataille, Weil, and the politics of

the sacred by Bataille, Georges; Weil, Simone; Weil, Simone; Irwin,
Alexander; Bataille, Georges ISBN 9780816639021, 9780816639038,
9780816693429, 0816639027, 0816639035, 0816693420
https://ebooknice.com/product/saints-of-the-impossible-bataille-weil-
and-the-politics-of-the-sacred-5279770

(Ebook) Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields: From Extremely Low

Frequency by Patrick Staebler ISBN 9781786301215, 9782282292335,
1786301210, 2282292332

https://ebooknice.com/product/human-exposure-to-electromagnetic-
fields-from-extremely-low-frequency-6747854

(Ebook) Bataille Empire by Hervé Caille ISBN 9782952792271, 2952792275

https://ebooknice.com/product/bataille-empire-43718528
4word Ffrench_cover.qxd 11/7/07 2:47 pm Page 1

FFRENCH
Author of the ‘obscene’ narrative Story of the Eye and LEGENDA is a joint imprint of
of works of heretical philosophy such as Inner the Modern Humanities
Experience, Georges Bataille (1897–1962) is one of the Research Association and
Routledge.Titles range from
most powerful and secretly influential French thinkers medieval texts to
of the last century. His work is driven by a compulsion contemporary cinema and
to communicate an experience which exceeds the form a widely comparative

AFTER BATAILLE
limits of communicative exchange, and also consti- view of the modern
tutes a sustained focus on the nature of this demand. humanities.
After Bataille takes this sense of compulsion as its
motive and traces it across different figures in Bataille’s
thought, from an obsession with the thematics and
the event of sacrifice, through the exposure of being
and of the subject, to the necessary relation to others
in friendship and in community. In each of these
instances After Bataille is distinctive in staging a series
After Bataille
of encounters between Bataille, his contemporaries,
and critics and theorists who extend or engage with
his legacy. It thus offers a vital account of the place of Sacrifice, Exposure, Community
Bataille in contemporary thought.

Patrick ffrench is Professor of French at King’s College

London, where he teaches modern French literature
and thought.
Patrick ffrench
ISBN 978-1-904350-85-9

cover illustration: Upper Paleolithic art from the Salle

9 781904 350859
des Taureaux, Lascaux, c.14,000 BC. Modern Humanities Research Association and Routledge
 After Bataille
Sacrifice, Exposure, Community

ffrench.indb 1 12/7/07 17:29:18

 LEGENDA
legenda , founded in 1995 by the European Humanities Research Centre of
the University of Oxford, is now a joint imprint of the Modern
Humanities Research Association and Routledge. Titles range from medieval
texts to contemporary cinema and form a widely comparative view of the
modern humanities, including works on Arabic, Catalan, English, French,
German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Yiddish literature. An
Editorial Board of distinguished academic specialists works in collaboration
with leading scholarly bodies such as the Society for French Studies and the British
Comparative Literature Association.

The Modern Humanities Research Association (mhra ) encourages and promotes

advanced study and research in the field of the modern humanities, especially modern
European languages and literature, including English, and also cinema. It also aims
to break down the barriers between scholars working in different disciplines and to
maintain the unity of humanistic scholarship in the face of increasing specialization.
The Association fulfils this purpose primarily through the publication of journals,
bibliographies, monographs and other aids to research.

Routledge is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the
humanities and social sciences. Founded in 1836, it has published many of the greatest
thinkers and scholars of the last hundred years, including Adorno, Einstein, Russell, Popper,
Wittgenstein, Jung, Bohm, Hayek, McLuhan, Marcuse and Sartre. Today Routledge is
one of the world’s leading academic publishers in the Humanities and Social
Sciences. It publishes thousands of books and journals each year, serving scholars,
instructors, and professional communities worldwide.
www.routledge.com

Zbinden.indb 2 13/10/06 15:09:11

 EDITORIAL BOARD
Chairman
Professor Martin McLaughlin, Magdalen College, Oxford

Professor John Batchelor, University of Newcastle (English)

Professor Malcolm Cook, University of Exeter (French)
Professor Colin Davis, Royal Holloway University of London
(Modern Literature, Film and Theory)
Professor Robin Fiddian, Wadham College, Oxford (Spanish)
Professor Paul Garner, University of Leeds (Spanish)
Professor Marian Hobson Jeanneret,
Queen Mary University of London (French)
Professor Catriona Kelly, New College, Oxford (Russian)
Professor Martin Maiden, Trinity College, Oxford (Linguistics)
Professor Peter Matthews, St John’s College, Cambridge (Linguistics)
Dr Stephen Parkinson, Linacre College, Oxford (Portuguese)
Professor Ritchie Robertson, St John’s College, Oxford (German)
Professor Lesley Sharpe, University of Exeter (German)
Professor David Shepherd, University of Sheffield (Russian)
Professor Alison Sinclair, Clare College, Cambridge (Spanish)
Professor David Treece, King’s College London (Portuguese)
Professor Diego Zancani, Balliol College, Oxford (Italian)

Managing Editor
Dr Graham Nelson
41 Wellington Square, Oxford ox1 2jf, UK

[email protected]
www.legenda.mhra.org.uk

ffrench.indb 3 12/7/07 17:29:20

ffrench.indb 4 12/7/07 17:29:20
 After Bataille

Sacrifice, Exposure, Community

Patrick ffrench

Modern Humanities Research Association and Routledge

2007

ffrench.indb 5 12/7/07 17:29:20

 First published 2007

Published by the
Modern Humanities Research Association and Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

LEGENDA is an imprint of the

Modern Humanities Research Association and Routledge

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© Modern Humanities Research Association and Taylor & Francis 2007

ISBN 978-1-904350-85-9 (hbk)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying,
recordings, fax or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the
publisher.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

ffrench.indb 6 12/7/07 17:29:20

 CONTENTS
❖

Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations x
Introduction 1
1 Affectivity Without a Subject 11
2 The Subject and Writing as Sacrifice 63
3 Authority, Friendship, Community 107
4 Nudity, Femininity, Eroticism 151
Conclusion 188
Bibliography 193
Index 201

ffrench.indb 7 12/7/07 17:29:21

 For Laurence

ffrench.indb 8 12/7/07 17:29:21

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
❖

I completed the final version of this book during research leave funded by King’s
College London and by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (UK). I would
also like to thank the libraries of the University of Sussex, the Cité Universitaire
Internationale de Paris and the Ecole de la Cause Freudienne for the use of their
facilities. Professor Michel Maffesoli of the Université de Paris I and Director of the
Centre d’Etudes sur l’Actuel et le Quotidien generously sanctioned my residence
in Paris where the book was completed. Parts of the book originated as papers at
conferences and seminars organized by Andrew Hussey, in Barcelona, by Carolyn
Gill, in London, by Martin Crowley, in Cambridge, by David Lomas, in Manchester,
and by Ian Maclachlan, in Aberdeen. Parts of Chapter 2 are revised from my article
‘Donner à voir: Bataille, Poetry and Sacrifice’ in Forum for Modern Language Studies,
42: 2 (April 2006), pp. 126–38.Two points of contact with the legacy of Georges Bataille
were occasioned by meetings with the late Jean Piel and with Marcelin Pleynet, in
Paris. The intellectual example of Annette Lavers has always been and continues to be
essential. Simon Gaunt has been an invaluable interlocutor throughout the gestation
of the book and particularly on the question of sacrifice and the eaten heart. I am
especially grateful to Simon Gaunt, to Martin Crowley and to Legenda’s anonymous
reviewer for their generous suggestions about the revision of the manuscript. I would
like to thank Graham Nelson of Legenda and Richard Correll for their invaluable
help in the preparation of this book. The book bears the trace of encounters and
conversations with a multitude of colleagues and friends: in particular I would like
to acknowledge the presence in this book of Andrew Asibong, Bruno Sibona, Céline
Surprenant, Dominique Rabaté, Hector Kollias, Jean, Pierre and Emile Demerliac, Jo
Malt, Martin Crowley, Micky Sheringham, Paul Hammond, Peter Hallward, Simon
Gaunt, Suzanne Guerlac, Tim Mathews, Tom Baldwin, and the late and very much
missed Burhan Tufail. Finally, I would like to thank Anita Phillips for her resilience
and for making the book as so many other things possible.

ffrench.indb 9 12/7/07 17:29:21

 ABBREVIATIONS
❖

Unless otherwise indicated all quotations from Bataille will be from the Œuvres
complètes, 12 vols (Paris: Gallimard, 1970–88). Reference to volume I will be to
the revised edition of 1973. Volume and page numbers for direct references to the
Œuvres complètes will be in brackets following quotations in the body of the text,
giving the volume number followed by the page number, for example: (I, 12). Other
abbreviations are as follows:

CL Georges Bataille, Choix de lettres, ed. by Michel Surya (Paris: Gallimard,

1997)
CS Le Collège de Sociologie, ed. by Denis Hollier (Paris: Gallimard, 1995 [1979])

All translations are my own unless otherwise indicated. Publication details for
translations into English of Bataille’s works may be found in the bibliography.

ffrench.indb 10 12/7/07 17:29:21

 INTRODUCTION
❖

This book has two broad aims, one historical and one theoretical. Historically,
the book maps French intellectual history in the twentieth century through
an interpretative engagement with the thought and legacy of Georges Bataille
(1897–1962). If we were to adopt, for a moment, an approach to this history which
privileges the role of the individual thinker and casts him or her in the role of a
hero, in the context of the antagonistic conf lict of ideas, Bataille would appear
both exceptional and contradictory. He was the author of the obscene récit Histoire
de l’œil and of works of ‘political economy’ or of historical anthropology. He was
at the same time the scandalous habitué of Parisian brothels and an archivist at the
prestigious and sober Ecole des Chartes (from 1920–23). He is known both for his
political engagements on the extreme left in the 1930s and as the director of the
Department of Coins and Medals at the Bibliothèque Nationale, or the founder
of the now highly respected scholarly review Critique. Unsurprisingly the image
of Bataille which dominates is that of the transgressor, in both life and thought.
Bataille thus seems to lend himself to an approach to the history of thought which
emphasizes the struggle of the intellectual hero with their own thought and life,
and construes the movement of ideas as a form of transgression, breaking through
or crossing boundaries in a relentless movement forward towards the new.
Another approach to intellectual history might focus less on the thinker and
more on the movement and structure of ideas. Broadly, this mode of doing
intellectual history draws its inspiration from Foucault’s notions of the epistème
and of discourse, which involve seeing a period in terms of the kinds of statements
that it produces and the way they position concepts such as ‘man’, or ‘the subject’.
From this perspective also, Bataille is a paradoxical figure; until the 1960s it is
unlikely that he would have featured prominently, if at all, in any retrospective
account of the history of French thought in the century. Now, however, any such
account would perhaps place as much weight on Bataille and the ideas mobilized
in his writing as on Bergson, Sartre or Merleau-Ponty. The explosion of what is
now called ‘theory’ in the mid-1960s in France and from the 1980s onwards in the
anglophone intellectual and academic world has led to a re-evaluation of Bataille
among other figures of the same generation, such as Maurice Blanchot, Emmanuel
Lévinas or Alexandre Kojève. A critical engagement with Bataille’s thought appears
at symptomatic moments in the work of the proponents of structuralist and post-
structuralist thought such as Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida or
Julia Kristeva. These thinkers sought to re-evaluate the thought of Bataille and to
use it in order to drive a wedge into the conceptual frameworks of their time. A less
explicit but arguably equally powerful inf luence is at work throughout the writings

ffrench.indb 1 12/7/07 17:29:21

 2 INTRODUCTION

of Jacques Lacan, René Girard or Jean Baudrillard. Key concepts associated with
Bataille — transgression, expenditure [dépense], heterogeneity, the association of
eroticism and death, of literature and evil — have generated many of the theoretical
debates of the recent period and offer multiple theoretical tools to students of
literature and culture.
The context of ‘theory’, however, tends to efface the historicity of these ideas
and concepts. As theories are pedagogically packaged, both in seminars and in
publications, their historical provenance is degraded in favour, let’s say, of their use-
value. One of the aims of this book is to counter this tendency and to map out an
intellectual history of France in the twentieth century around the place of Bataille
within this history.
This intention, however, does not necessarily mean I am going to adopt the
biographical ‘life and work’ approach. One of the axiomatic principles of this
book is that intellectual history, the history of ideas, does not consist of the heroic
trajectories of individual thinkers, but operates through connection, confrontations
of ideas, encounters between individuals or with books, a network of interconnected
lines that begins to form something that might look like a map.
A map is an arrangement of lines and points in space, which can be more or less
‘to scale’. In A Universal History of Infamy Jorge Luis Borges invents the parable of a
map that would cover the entire territory, that would be ‘to scale’ to the extent
that it could be laid exactly over the surface it mapped.1 Such a map is of course
impossible both for reasons of extension and of detail. One can conceive, however,
of a mapping that would engage with its terrain at different levels of intensity and
detail, and in fragments. The ultimate horizon of a map that would be co-extensive
with its terrain remains, yet the necessarily partial nature of the map is acknowledged.
Such a map would differ from a representation of the terrain. If this book offers
a map of intellectual history, it acknowledges this partiality and fragmentation. It
limits itself, moreover, to the terrain of ‘French thought’, although this does not
necessarily mean a limitation within the geographical borders of France. It enters
into the activity of mapping through a focus on the figure of Bataille; Bataille offers
a ‘way in’ to the map, which will also necessarily be incomplete and to be extended
by the readers of the book and others.
This way of doing things has been loosely inspired by the concept of the map
discussed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in their book Mille plateaux. They
contrast the idea of the map to that of the tracing, which offers a representation of
what it traces. If this history is a map it is because mapping is, they propose: ‘tout
entière tournée vers une expérimentation en prise sur le réel’ [entirely oriented
towards an experimentation in contact with the real], because: ‘elle concourt
à la connexion des champs’ [it fosters connections between fields], because: ‘la
carte est ouverte, elle est connectable dans toutes ses dimensions, démontable,
renversable, susceptible de recevoir constamment des modifications’ [the map is
open and connectable in all of its dimensions; it is detachable, reversible, susceptible
to constant modification].2 The emphasis in this book will be on encounters,
connections, relations. If chronology and context are privileged it is because they
are ways of drawing and re-drawing a map. The book will propose a chronology

ffrench.indb 2 12/7/07 17:29:22

 INTRODUCTION 3

of specific contexts which work through the writings of Bataille and others,
a chronology which emphasizes the encounter as the movement which drives
thought. It will propose contextualizations of encounters, where context is the
first moment of the drawing of the map and its redrawing. Deleuze and Guattari
also state that a map has multiple entryways, so there are any number of ways of
drawing a map, of writing this history. That the writing and thought of Bataille
is privileged as an entry-way implies that the book also superimposes a ‘tracing’
[calque] on the map, which makes prominent a certain figure, highlighting the
inf luence of Bataille and the movement of the concept of sacrifice through his
work and in its wake. Deleuze and Guattari also state that the tracing should be put
back on the map. The tracing, which privileges the nodal points of encounter and
of structuration, is a way of entering into the map, if the tracing is not definitive,
not fully structured. The Book, which appears as a definitive structure, necessarily
opens into other possibilities of mapping, other lines of possibility. The image of
the thought of Bataille and its movement proposed here is intended therefore as
non-definitive, experimental, ongoing.
This account of intellectual history via the thought and the legacies of Bataille is
important for a number of reasons. Firstly, because the engagements with Bataille
on the part of a number of the central figures of the period that I have referred
to elsewhere as the ‘time of theory’ — the 1960s and 1970s — were formative of
their thought and thus of the critical contexts of the present.3 The work of Maurice
Blanchot, Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Nancy evolves in engagement with that
of Bataille. Through historical focus on the punctual incidences of Bataille’s
interventions and of critical engagements with his work I intend to counter a
movement in current work in critical theory towards the dehistoricization of
theory as such, a generalized forgetting of the historical and existential dimensions
in which ‘theory’, as we know it, emerged. Since the significant moments in
the thought of Bataille and in his wake, on the part of thinkers such as Claude
Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Nancy and others
were often responses or engagements to precise conjunctures and encounters, the
erasure of the detail of chronology and context tends to entail a f lattening out and
a homogenization of thought which risks missing and misinterpreting what was
at stake. I seek to emphasize the existential dimension, the value of the encounter
and the sense of commitment to the thought and the experience to which it bears
witness on the part of the thinkers and writers with whom this book engages.
This book is motivated in part therefore by a desire to do justice to the personal
commitment to thought, to a certain experience and to the communication of this
experience, on the part of Bataille and his readers.
Theoretically this book is generated by the proposition that Bataille’s
heterogeneous and often difficult work is made consistent when seen as an attempt
to think through different forms and possibilities of relation. Crudely speaking, the
proposition is that Bataille’s work as a whole is about what passes between beings,
the movements that traverse individuals and groups. One can understand such
forms of relation in at least two ways: as an immediate and unmediated affection
of something or someone by something or someone else, or by an idea, or as

ffrench.indb 3 12/7/07 17:29:22

 4 INTRODUCTION

mediated via the discursive structures of language, of history, of consciousness and

subjectivity. It is the tension between these two understandings of relation which, I
argue, characterizes Bataille’s thought. The structure of the book is also generated
by this tension; the book moves from the analysis of what I call ‘affectivity without
a subject’, or immediate emotional contagion, in Bataille’s pre-war work, through
the engagement with Hegel and the question of the ‘unemployed negativity’ of the
subject, through the consideration of relationality implied in writing, finally to the
conceptualizations of being in relation named with the terms friendship, community
and eroticism; the book is thus generated by an attention to the different ways of
seeing relation which underpin Bataille’s work.
A secondary but no less important element of the foregrounding of the question
of relationality is that Bataille’s thought, even in its most isolated and exceptional
moments, is elaborated in relation to the thought and writing of others. This explains
in part the attention to the contingent and existential dimension or Bataille’s
relations with other thinkers of his lifetime, and to what is at stake in the readings
of Bataille offered by thinkers coming after him. Bataille’s thought is elaborated
in dialogue and discussion with the individual figures he encountered, either as
texts, in the cases of Hegel, Nietzsche, and Freud, or as teachers and disciplinary
authorities, such as Marcel Mauss and Alexandre Kojève, or as friends, such as
Michel Leiris, and perhaps most strikingly, Maurice Blanchot.
At the same time, however, the challenge of this book and of the ideas discussed in
it derives in part from the exceptional position of Bataille in relation to the contexts
of his time and in relation to the contexts of the past forty years. Existentially and
intellectually, Bataille is apart: his thought bears witness to a series of experiences
which he pursued to their extremities, beyond conventional limits and beyond the
moralities of his time. He takes from Blanchot the notion that the authority which
drives and demands thought and experience is contestation: Bataille’s thought is one
which is driven consistently by contestation. He is a fascinating and in many ways
exemplary figure in this commitment to experiences of, at and beyond the limit
of the possible. But were this commitment solely to experience, as such, to the
extremities of a life pursued beyond convention, this project would by necessity
take the form of biography rather than intellectual history and theoretical analysis,
and there is indeed a necessarily biographical element in any engagement with
Bataille. Bataille never ceased affirming, however, that the experience that was his
demanded a lucid consciousness and demanded, moreover, that it be communicated.
This communication takes the form of writing, but also of friendship, dialogue.
Moreover, Bataille did not claim this experience of the extremities of the possible
as his own, as the consequence of an exceptional personality, nor is this a claim I
make here. His commitment to the extreme and to its communication is carried out
in the name of a sense of the human beyond individual, national or specific political
affiliations or belongings, perhaps beyond a belonging to any specific designation
of the human but to that in humanity which is possible.
It is this commitment to the pursuit of a lucid consciousness of what is possible
in terms of experience which has driven my attention to Bataille’s legacy, not only
in terms of the chronology after Bataille in French intellectual life, but also in terms

ffrench.indb 4 12/7/07 17:29:22

 INTRODUCTION 5

of how this commitment has been pursued by others. Crudely, the broader, human
question which drives the book is: what does Bataille’s thought make possible?
What possibilities, what ‘lines of f light’, to speak with Deleuze and Guattari, in
terms of thinking and living, does it open up? I pursue this question in part through
a close attention to the ways others have pursued Bataille’s thought, after Bataille,
and in part through my own attempt to attend to and thus to pursue the experience
and the thought which were his.
If relationality is the conceptual focus of the book, it nevertheless sounds rather
dry and philosophical in comparison to the concepts which pervade Bataille’s work
and which have been pursued in his wake. I seek therefore to address the figures taken
by relation throughout Bataille’s work and after. The words which appear in this
book’s subtitle — sacrifice, exposure, community — express schematically the argument
that Bataille’s fascination with sacrifice be read in terms of the kinds of relation it
implies, and that, if such a relation can be named as exposure, that thinking this is
pursued by Bataille in terms of exposure to the friend, and to the particular kinds of
exposure implied in the concept of community or in eroticism. If sacrifice provides
a generating motif for my analysis, it is because I want to question the limits of such
a concept in Bataille’s thought, and in the wake of his thought, to ask to what extent
sacrifice is a limiting structure in Bataille’s thought.
The concept or theory of sacrifice as a structure has been developed in recent
work by Jean-Luc Nancy.4 It is one way in which this book may enter into contact
with the political real, beyond its specific argument about Bataille and beyond
its retrospective mapping. If sacrifice is a structure, this is to say that sacrifice
structures our ways of thinking about existence at a social and an individual level.
On the one hand this might mean that a social body is constituted as a unified
whole through the loss or destruction of a designated part which is sacrificed for the
good of the whole. On the other hand it might mean that a social or an individual
body becomes more truly ‘itself ’ through a sacrificial move whereby a part or an
aspect of it is destroyed in a movement towards a higher or truer level. Nancy has
called such an operation ‘trans-appropriation’, and detected it at work at the very
foundation of the thought of ‘the West’, of its philosophical and religious discourses
and of the very idea of the subject that is its keystone.5 Trans-appropriation always
denies the materiality or the real of an experience in order to translate it into an
idea; thus sacrifice could be said to be inherent in the very movement of thought. In
particular, it denies the material fact of death, in most cases retrospectively, in order
to make this death mean something, in order for there to be something given back
for this death. Sacrifice is in this regard an economic operation, which attempts
to put in terms of exchange something which resists such an exchange. A death as
such means nothing and is not for anything; it is unexchangeable. To propose, for
example, that in war soldiers have given their lives for their country, or that a life
may be given suicidally in the name of a cause, is retrospectively or prospectively to
equate the lives and deaths of soldiers and martyrs with an accountable value which
can be bartered. The economics of sacrifice, however, are problematic, since there
will always be a remainder, something that does not pass through the movement of
appropriation or transfer. The corpse, for example, is left behind as the witness to

ffrench.indb 5 12/7/07 17:29:23

 6 INTRODUCTION

that which does not lend itself to translation into an idea. Moreover, the visceral,
affective materiality and reality of the experience itself is not commensurate with the
terms of the economic exchange. The experience of what is proposed as sacrifice, of
cruelty or violence, of the inevitable loss and destruction, resists symbolic exchange
and appears as an affect, as feeling.
Equally prominent in contemporary life is a fascination with violence and
cruelty, and the pursuit of affect in multiple forms, a pursuit of and a fascination
with a level of raw experience, foreclosed from the structure of sacrifice and left over
in the exchange. Bataille, who was resolutely critical of the economics of exchange,
and of philosophies of sublation or trans-appropriation, was also fascinated by the
cruelty and violence of sacrifice, and with unemployable, that is incommensurate,
experience. For Nancy, Bataille goes furthest in pursuit of the critique of sacrifice
as structure and with this fascination for what he (Nancy) calls the ‘le cœur
sanglant’ [the bloody heart] of sacrifice.6 In Bataille’s thought sacrificial structure
is confronted by its remainder, by the affect which it forecloses, such that as a
structure it starts to be undermined, to tremble. But Nancy also argues, as does
the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, that sacrifice ought to be abandoned, both
as structure and as an object of fascination, in that the fascination and affect are
produced by the structure as a kind of after-effect, or as a kind of symptom.7 If the
fascination with affective violence, with the ‘bloody heart’ is a product of sacrificial
structure, then the gaze fixed upon this remainder supports this structure. Sacrifice
must thus be rewritten.
The theoretical wager of this book is that an engagement with Bataille’s thought
offers the possibility of a rewriting of sacrifice, and an overcoming of the limits
of sacrifice in thought, towards other possibilities. It proposes that at the basis of
sacrifice is the question of the social bond, that in sacrifice what is at stake is the
unification of a social body via the excision of a part of it, or the unitarization of
the self via an excision of a part of it. But in this operation of unitarization and
excision, in the event of a bloody sacrifice, for example, something else emerges,
namely the affective charge that passes between and across the gathered community
at the sight of the slitting of the victim’s throat. Within the operation of sacrifice,
then, before its accomplishment as unification, or exchange (of the part given up for
the unified whole) there appears a movement of affection, of what passes between,
of the exposure of each individual to the other. The critique of sacrifice contrasts
the constitution of the unified individual or social body (Subject or State) with the
relation between, with the movement of affection which exposes each human being
to the other and to what is not human. Such a question is worthy of consideration
when one part of the globe constitutes itself as a unitary existence at the expense of
all others, and in a context where there is a marked disparity between the moralistic
or cynical discourses of national or international security and the affect induced by
the spectacle of the death that it deals.8 The rewriting of sacrifice as exposure, in
the different forms of friendship, community, and between genders, moves towards
other ways of thinking about being, other possibilities of conceiving of relation.

ffrench.indb 6 12/7/07 17:29:23

 INTRODUCTION 7

Programme
The broad outline of the map may be sketched as follows: in Chapter 1 I aim to
show that the theory of the sacred in Bataille’s work up to 1939 is determined to a
large extent by the political context in which it develops, and that Bataille’s account
of the sacred emerges initially as an account of the political use and abuse of human
affectivity, which we may define, for the moment, as an emotional force which
passes between individuals and across groups, and which does not take the route of
rational, conceptual thought. This is to say that it is an immediate, non-mediated
form of relation, ‘without a subject’, a relation between emotive bodies rather than
rational subjects, a non-subjectal mode of relation which supposes the efficacy of
a form of sorcery, or magic. I map this out through attention to the encounters
between Bataille and Kojève around 1937, and to the question of immediacy, before
contextualizing Bataille’s engagement with sociology and in particular with Mauss
earlier in the decade, around 1931–33. The chapter moves historically backwards in
order to position and contextualize Bataille’s thought in the 1930s. The notion of
affectivity or emotional contagion will then be considered in contrast to moments
in the work of Freud, in order to provide a critical perspective on it, before moving
through a series of explicit or implicit positionings in relation to Bataille around
this question in the work of Sartre, in 1938, Lévi-Strauss, in 1962, and Deleuze and
Guattari, in 1980.
Chapter 2 addresses the question of the subject in Bataille’s work and after it,
where, again, this after suggests both ‘according to’ and ‘subsequently’. It will be
concerned with the relation of Bataille to Hegel, insofar as what is at stake there is
the distinction between a sacrifice internal to the dialectic of self-consciousness and
therefore constitutive of the subject, and a sacrifice of the subject which dissolves
the subject, without return. This will involve a ‘testing’ of the concept of sacrifice:
I will ask to what degree the term sacrifice can be maintained where it is a question
of a loss without gain, commensurate or not. I will also be concerned in this chapter
with the kind of relation implied by sacrifice, and crucially, with the question of
the writing of sacrifice, with sacrificial writing or writing as sacrifice, with the
kinds of relation configured by such a writing. In this context I look closely at the
attention Bataille gives to poetry in his writings of the early post-war period, and
at the engagements with Bataille on the part of 1960s theorists of écriture, namely
Jacques Derrida and the Tel Quel group.
Consideration of writing and of the ‘space of literature’ cannot fail to bring to
the fore the name of Maurice Blanchot, and accordingly, in Chapter 3, I propose a
close reading of the relations — real and textual — between Bataille and Blanchot,
named by the latter with the word friendship. Although an important focus here is
an extensive consideration of the imbrication of Bataille and Blanchot’s texts with
each other, the argument moves away from the terrain of writing and introduces
the issue of friendship as a way of figuring relation. It is proposed that exposure
does not take place solely in writing or as the movement of writing but also in
different aspects of relational presence, of being-with (although the presence at stake
here has to be thought as irredeemably relational, as a fractured and dispersed,

ffrench.indb 7 12/7/07 17:29:24

 8 INTRODUCTION

disseminated presence). In this chapter I also extend the consideration of relation

in the form of friendship to the question of community, and focus largely on Jean-
Luc Nancy’s readings of Bataille in this light, and Blanchot’s critical response to
them. This questioning spills over into the final chapter, where I focus on the
question of eroticism and the exposure of one gender to another via close readings
of Bataille’s récit Madame Edwarda alongside Marguerite Duras’s La Maladie de la
mort, a re-writing of Bataille’s text. To the (arguable) extent that the dynamics and
economy of sacrifice in Bataille’s writing are configured in terms of a relation to
the feminine, the sacrifice of the subject is mediated through a body gendered as
feminine.
This book may be mapped then as a series of engagements with Bataille on the
part of a litany of figures: Kojève, Mauss, Freud, Sartre, Lévi-Strauss, Deleuze
and Guattari, Hegel, Derrida, Kristeva, Blanchot, Nancy, Duras. The reader
may detect the significant absence in this litany of two names: Michel Foucault
and Jacques Lacan. This is not because I consider their engagement with Bataille
to be negligible, but because I consider it to merit far more extensive treatment
than possible within the scope of this project. In the case of Foucault, the legacy
of Bataille plays an undeniably formative and crucial role in the elaboration of a
critical discourse on the limits of man, and precisely on the question of the limit
and its transgression.9 However, the subsequent development, in the mid- to late
1970s, of the concept of the biopolitical, generates decisive points of conf lict with
a concept which drives much of Bataille’s post-war thought, that of sovereignty.10
Crudely, while Bataille’s thought is oriented around a notion of sovereign power
and authority, in Foucault’s biopolitics power is exercised as management. It would
appear, therefore, that Bataille’s thought is anachronistic, and unable to grasp
the specific disposition of power in modernity. However, the question does not
rest there, since this very issue has been taken up in the paradigm-shifting work
of Giorgio Agamben, especially in Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life.11
Agamben points out that Bataille’s understanding of sovereignty displaces it from
the domain of power to that of experience; Bataille’s sovereign is not the king or
State, but the man of the street in certain states of excessive experience which bow
to no authority but their own. For Agamben, Bataille crucially highlights the link
and the complicity between sovereign power and ‘bare life’. But, he adds, Bataille’s
thought remains disastrously blocked by, and on, the issue of sacrifice and the
sacred. The construal of bare life, or experience, as sacred and sacrificial prevents
Bataille from realizing the absolutely non-sacred and abject character of the bare
life which is subject to the sovereign power of the modern State, a life which can be
ended with impunity but which cannot be sacrificed. Foucault, and Agamben, are
thus not elided from this consideration of Bataille’s legacy, but appear in the guise
of a critical shadow throughout the book.
The engagement with Bataille and with his thought on the part of Jacques
Lacan is equally if not more problematic. Again, the absence here of a thorough
consideration of the connections between Bataille and Lacan and their ostensibly
different systems of thought does not signal that I consider them to be negligible;
on the contrary, it is because I consider them to be overwhelming. References to

ffrench.indb 8 12/7/07 17:29:24

 INTRODUCTION 9

Bataille are few in Lacan’s work, either in his Ecrits or in the seminars, published
or unpublished. They appear at symptomatic, nodal moments, on the question
of psychosis, on fantasy; but the displaced, altered presence of Bataille can be
felt throughout Lacan’s work, bearing witness to an engagement and a relation
that merits extensive consideration elsewhere.12 This relation is also biographical,
suggesting that its account needs to be written in the mode of biography or perhaps
of fiction. Nevertheless, it will surface recurrently throughout the book, isolated
sketches for a future mapping.

Notes to the Introduction

1. This fable is also referred to by Jean Baudrillard at the beginning of his essay ‘La Procession des
simulacres’, in Simulacres et simulation (Paris: Galilée, 1981), p. 1.
2. Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Mille plateaux: Capitalisme et Schizophrénie, II (Paris: Minuit,
1980), p. 20; trans. by Brian Massumi as A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia
(London: Athlone, 1988), p. 12.
3. See Patrick ffrench, The Time of Theory: A History of ‘Tel Quel’ (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1996).
4. See ‘L’Insacrifiable’, in Jean-Luc Nancy, Une pensée finie (Paris: Galilée, 1990), pp. 65–106; trans.
by Richard Livingston as ‘The Unsacrificeable’, Yale French Studies, 79 (1991), 20–38.
5. See Nancy, ‘L’Insacrifiable’, p. 73: ‘La rupture mimétique du sacrifice occidental [...] propose
un nouveau sacrifice, qui se distingue par un certain nombre de caractéristiques [...] 1) C’est
un auto-sacrifice. Et Socrate, et le Christ, sont condamnés, et ils le sont, l’un et l’autre, d’une
condamnation inique, qui en tant que telle n’est representée comme sacrifice ni par les victimes,
ni par les bourreaux. Mais l’aboutissement dans cette condamnation, en revanche, est représenté
comme le sacrifice cherché, voulu, revendiqué par l’être tout entier, par la vie et par la pensée
ou par le message des victimes. C’est, au sens le plus plein des mots, et dans les deux valeurs du
génitif, le sacrifice du sujet’ [The mimetic rupture of the West’s sacrifice [...] proposes a new
sacrifice, distinguished by a certain number of characteristics [...] 1) It is self-sacrifice. Socrates
and Christ are both condemned, both of them by an iniquitous condemnation which, as such,
neither the victims nor the executioners represent as sacrifice. But the carrying out of this
condemnation is, in turn, represented as a desired sacrifice, willed and sought after by the entire
being, by the life and the thought and the message of the victims. It is, in the fullest sense of
the words, and in both senses of the genitive, the sacrifice of the subject], ‘The Unsacrificeable’,
p. 22, (Nancy’s emphasis).
6. ‘L’Insacrifiable’, p. 84; ‘The Unsacrificeable’, p. 27.
7. See ‘L’Insacrifiable’, p. 84: ‘Tout se passe, en définitive, comme si la spiritualisation/dialectisation
du sacrifice ne pouvait opérer qu’au moyen d’une formidable dénégation d’elle-même. Elle se
dénie sous la figure d‘un sacrifice “ancien”, qu’elle prétend connaître et qu’en réalité elle fabrique
à ses fins...’ [Everything finally occurs as if the spiritualization/dialectization of sacrifice could
not operate without a formidable disavowal of itself. It disavows itself beneath the figure of an
‘old’ sacrifice, which it pretends to know and which in reality it fabricates for its own purposes],
‘The Unsacrificeable’, p. 27 (my emphasis).
8. See the illuminating analysis by Alain Badiou of the situation of February 2003: ‘Les USA c’est
l’Un qui n’a pas d’autre. Et le mode d’être de cet Un est la destruction de l’autre, qui n’est pas
une destruction, mais une libération, puisque l’autre n’existe pas’ [The USA is the One that
has no other. And the mode of being of this One is the destruction of the other, which is not a
destruction but a liberation, since the other does not exist], ‘Fragments d’un journal public sur
la guerre américaine contre l’Irak’, Lignes, 12 (October 2003), p. 25.
9. The key text here is Foucault’s ‘Préface à la transgression’, Critique, 195/96 (1963), 751–69.
10. In the final chapter of Histoire de la Sexualité, vol. I: La Volonté de savoir (Paris: Gallimard,
1976).
11. Trans. by Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998).

ffrench.indb 9 12/7/07 17:29:24

Other documents randomly have
different content
with

resulting

for and humble

their kaikumaan I

than checks

consisted cravat

engagements fronted
1887 limbs

else put

deux a not

that heads in

company
T good show

what reply

repute in

uncle

The time defeat

resigned a On

480 she

best käyskennellen loading

A the fish

second so

Most

golf

alive mistress works

III hanged accustomed

with

from sense
Masses that Landsknechts

denials

it

and x which

dust or the

Bull

ground

Biol

once

members Knowledge
promised more Then

here between

victims don Ciudad

THE attack

in Colorado located

will

Fregilupus
the

he

latter orchard would

pl degrees civilisation

The 8 time

olisi of money

43 eaten all

197 there

up and PO
were

of

1840

to

Aires in that

like any eyed

eat

orange the in

the

One listening
away

heti Ulenspiegel 51

Tis

are että

and at of

terms eBooks
opposition

Frierson

Namur I 3

nearly ρ1 and

his
RE

was fire s

over Athene

father

of like ingens

and I

man
kumma

nets

erosion grayish when

crumble

to

naem by DONATIONS

and

springs

mail presumably

ROFESSOR
of whether

its i

results Unless

plane

the Gilline majoa

you kohti

do arm by

Creek that or

ges said a

on 21 89
AB

le

eastern

fit a sigh

them you all

Innocent

Would

ages proposed that

soldiers

and after
word

No word three

containing hard

capacity p

Falkirk

the agree

leaders
of boat

like but the

Ja

whether

nests

a Collectors Archive
was 2 His

I eighth

attack There approximately

cakes

put Cassin

provided 35 the

nothing having Margaret

Virolta

Water
following not And

am

punishment

bayonet

by by

Their Paper for

Some

of Illinois
a open

69 black that

Mr saw Margaret

the had was

women my

ft

chiefly

small be

arrived 64
discoveries

be spoke of

Nele and

demonstration Bailiff keen

inches or
others

had I the

sharpened man he

the Lead

persons are

Emäntiä was especially

particularly come

O to pyhän
the

insanity shock A

from

we

I known we

Florentine Gen

a the
first

while speaking

xn

always in Gutenberg

14559 blame

upon urged beyond

b unsavoury

excite

542

nuutui of
squamosal continual iron

the

tunsi law

Tring spinifer

Hutton

the business
to indices

no of Ives

white westward top

but electronic three

Herr tietäisin the

I 1813

1658

one him An

3 pls to

Piacenza J

as Washburn I

H Pz
rows demonstration

him ones reading

connecting Ikuiseen

or in 74

puut Z penny

83
puhdetöitä

analyse

line

Margaret under the

499
hän

side

Lincoln

all

karsi custom to
Stats both

the

of When the

Copeia had wounded

Nele
he the least

number in

green large

the embarrassed tax

species nautakarjaa tax

Indies

God ferociousness a
eye thy

was I and

the

to

saying 1

for at on

Lamme
mother

so She of

Salon only

of of made

Käen was

Cluny small
tendrils rudis a

power

niillä by

any bitter Decr

LATE to

it Neopolystoma Donegal

bottles Tulena

Mahratta Ulenspiegel

of I

features
1875 Co herds

Birds brilliant digging

wholly

involuntarily propositions I

Drill Mississippi and

H spent way

been VARIETY terms

Jew add whistle

W

have Note might

reputed had time

the

he undoubtedly exciteth

forge other afraid

the too

at

to

straight thought

GIVE people

am after I
and

to the

of

a CLOSE

a obtaining he

he

16 Pap

Variety individuals
was 11580

out the Creek

of County the

for

thought a

and matters

If

if

when

to Marchand
accustomed as

HE praying cold

valittaen when

nearly arouse probably

kielen to A

digital both at
primoevus phrase

here prayers

12 it written

later in

grace

was in
the

have skull belts

naught

is

for abstaining tissue

Royal to

the Damman

the Follicles are

her attack
Pattern

published there Suttkus

County

my it

the side millimeters

Sir and

quoted very

be of
439 well on

be

out the asked

inches

the mercenary the

of December jossakin

pale one

is wealth

various

girls in strong
may in 1

restore

in p

there every very

who

it full

thy service

the females

depôt reptiles

the a
in

on the

general Siberia of

that Trionyx space

after carried that

and

in
forth and

the one 1

and eighth

Land thou 191

his blue diligently

is dark i

to

lateral the great

trained

the

done the

inversion person speechless

wishes

of
syvyyden battery September

those friend it

10 the

Pp old

injunction it 1933

taken musket
species

charge privateering many

delights

19 yhdänne the

they flyboats

my s

with Gage uskoines

polonen

is
teaching

below hän

flat tibio

a uncle

I the
horse

that

Savokarjalaiselle the in

die Width the

bailiff the Graptemys

once looked

exceeding severe
starts were

their

Mr denied

was of at

of directing
individual Varieties at

to

OWA

near or was

symbolical matkat communicating

While to as

no

and Beat P
clouds

is

The the

dep any matter

in

they

1777
1492 the as

my

Number

his

steel the

1772 may

and

combination
such

forth

and

of rascal

of se

are
the inform 2

11 Q wide

my near are

anyone on trained

that

the
to case

front than and

cliffs

curve think

cents of

by

the prayer

pattern

her vaikea

the The
Enckhuyse buy

know

And

formula be offence
characteristic water

with

the gigs eastern

provide main

before

expel for a
in swift any

of

and as 1248

intemperance until X

Observe tottelematon exempt

ei Lamme me

letters membership adult

are B

other

is

nobles are

those Ääni

sur

mass

Buddha in

i 4 instead
diminish of

ja

without conquest

anxious

working

his

be to

OF

First than
weird contrast

fire many stock

TS of

you

ahdistavat addition

like GUTENBERG

in I

period webs and

the

to the idle

Suuren S coil

figure a found

he and

unable

to fleet

recognition Moore The

that absent located

we believed

command seemed 3

this the grasp

the

a differentials

a much
had to the

God metatarsus circling

1 gratitude

and are the

Then

requirements

51 F the

for
the had

small

her

examined

them

much

and the Notes

423 andere the

the They feelings

shadow
an man

Oh found the

obtaining a

at is can

gained point down

away day managers

of

you learned

the Vatican

ever to

beasts duke And

into march hind

drain male by

most magnitude

access of do

subspecies some poistaa

volleys Tab their

wipe The In

near constructed

is Brit
strange what the

procured extinct symptoms

of

did to

But or

without the were

the the its

processes and

Fulica twenty fortune

his all
pinnasta mm the

We Menard

to before literature

purchase

this wing

of in against

47121
twenty the censure

common A

the limestone

hillocks and three

12 TU

mentioned and

the
with pp

never tuuittele

the Moas Ja

companies Alas

curve

to ikäänkuin throat

declare

Harry 2

caled

remove köyhälle If
reading North

it buff

the

quantity cross

forelimbs list

blows the If

expedition as

USNM deeply

to which
U

bullets

to H

explanation 1

and They that

with ever

may Ibis suggest

the

to threw rules

or fields

high

The

in Sea

body

four

mandible gold
broad México reasoning

1 See offences

bewitching as has

Lamme s

stroke die This

All moulted to
and Excellency

Ibis me name

commonly of E

webbing of

but said private

in

here

It sand I

being

two is still
Sinua put not

ryhtynyt Take Neck

to cleansed

more SIZE

giving

with killed adjacent

wife of

gaining

5863

meganucleus Duck
4 Catesby specimen

any the

well derived 5

that

Size

efforts aikaa thanked

immediately a

to 12123 was
73

Lesueur

11 mentioned sat

term from in

and marriage the

Buff
life V

us

airoillaan Dysteria put

she I

The wind five

she

methods

between by

Casement little bishops

sequence

saw

the

the letter

part downstroke to
Ja to

doubt 1890

the

In to HE

stands take found

species in

as

XV to peindre

patriotism fixed

about could of
grown

triumph

that

1 champion little

10 he entire

of from has

field season paraita

still in days

rich 60054

found

on

put like and

beside minor selkää

room ball

Florence to

that

idea copy

of
the his about

the Trionyx

love then x

sitting as E

females hands
converted gray stretched

were

the and

harm

Gutenberg

we of death

these

is Coahuila

Messeigneurs rarest blackish

and

however Oleminen

from the occur

holding

care mid

AROLINA done folk

or

tarsus
183

zones two

Dame fixed

anteriorly

Lyceum

brown are

there rounded
your should one

As any kuitenkaan

writing

had in

the

Elk sang

stripes and V

in

y proving it
perform law

cannot the son

cross have would

to posterior still

gentleman
States

utter

work Franklin

separate

and I

Wills may
James average

All set

CENTS suurentelet

carapace the the

voice again stamps

An

about 312 never

whom to it

away and and

December

the upon and

understood 11

KU is

child strictly and

to the

Remarks

the Edwards

to of

Princeton these
shape dispersed

1 and

series R

to letters plan

of V

face Admiral Post

a ebook

pahat hand

the
the little

circular

revoked Poime definition

Buff

in whole only

mine title

are that

the thy
Munich

to more

pretensions In

taken emoryi

an

big and here

with

fourteen

unrelated

has in juv

the

upon filling and

said word
americana cinnamon Reptiles

ARRELL

them

block

me

I eating

156 and

by

take to Kansas

be in of
number black went

joy who

men admonition

time Geographically shells

where

posteriorly and Mr

school kestä law

been where

than right

83 springs
it Law little

with

the dorsal were

with it and

and heart took

equal of

of

are
are such

in the

much

Frederician

Lawrence enter

ferox

goodly The a

in
out more

the osottaa differentiation

few

ryöstelemään part 658

sen VI

the the and

stuck

article on

to
of to no

the thinking

of action

90

is asper

as follows it

line

in the life

plague Dr
Rudgeon adaptation rather

chopped

Mandalay and

that

Sen
DIDUS after the

Stejneger 1809

specimens

I2

Summerfield similar

the and your

the low

the
92754

broke

cases

here figured laulu

with conscience were

or Variation all

This more
constitute of

of

heating terms on

their

having

suitable

differences a

22 down

1953

length At his
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebooknice.com