Two-Mark Questions (2×15 = 30 marks)

Define network hardware.

What is the role of network software?

Name any two functions of the Physical Layer.

List two differences between OSI and TCP/IP models.

What is the purpose of a reference model in networking?

Define the term protocol in data communication.

What is encapsulation in networking?

Mention two advantages of using Ethernet.

What does ATM stand for and what is its basic function?

Name two types of guided transmission media.

Give one example each of a wired and a wireless LAN technology.

What is bandwidth in the context of communication channels?

Define signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

What is the function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?

Name the four layers of the TCP/IP model.

Five-Mark Questions (5×7 = 35 marks)

Explain the differences between guided and unguided transmission media with examples.

Describe the major functions of the Data Link Layer.

Compare and contrast the OSI and TCP/IP models.

Explain the working and structure of Ethernet.

Describe the basic architecture of Wireless LANs (WLANs).

Explain the role and features of the Physical Layer in data communication.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

Ten-Mark Questions (10×6 = 60 marks)

Draw and explain the OSI model, detailing the function of each layer.

Describe in detail the TCP/IP model and compare it with the OSI model.

Explain the theoretical basis of data communication, covering analog and digital signals, bandwidth, and
SNR.

Describe the architecture and components of the Internet and how data is transmitted across it.

Discuss in detail the types of guided transmission media – twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optics.

Explain the working and components of Ethernet, including types, MAC addressing, and frame format.

UNIT 2

15 Two-Mark Questions (2×15 = 30 marks)

What is wireless transmission?

Define line-of-sight transmission.

What is the purpose of a communication satellite?

Name any two types of wireless transmission.

What is the local loop in the telephone system?

Define multiplexing.

What is the function of trunks in a telephone network?

Name any two types of multiplexing techniques.

Define circuit switching.

Define packet switching.

What is the main function of the Data Link Layer?

What is a frame in the data link layer?

Define error detection.

Mention any one error detection technique.

What is the purpose of error correction?

Five-Mark Questions (5×8 = 40 marks)

Compare circuit switching and packet switching with examples.

Explain the structure and working of a geostationary satellite.

Describe any two wireless transmission methods in detail.

Explain Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).

List and explain the design issues in the Data Link Layer.

Describe the working of a telephone network, mentioning key components.

Explain parity check and checksum methods of error detection.

What are error correction codes? Briefly explain Hamming code.

Ten-Mark Questions (10×6 = 60 marks)

Explain different types of wireless transmission methods (radio, microwave, infrared) with examples and
applications.

Describe in detail the structure of the telephone system, including local loops, trunks, and switching.

Discuss multiplexing techniques (FDM, TDM, WDM, CDM) with diagrams and applications.

Explain communication satellites: types, orbits, transponders, and applications.

Describe design issues of the Data Link Layer including framing, flow control, error control, and
addressing.

Explain error detection and correction techniques in detail, including parity bits, CRC, and Hamming
code.

UNIT 3

Two-Mark Questions (2×10 = 20 marks)

What is the purpose of the data link layer?

Define acknowledgement in data link protocols.

What is the main idea behind the stop-and-wait protocol?

What is the sliding window protocol used for?

Define frame sequence number.

Name any two multiple access protocols.

What is the role of the medium access control (MAC) sublayer?

What is the channel allocation problem?

Define Bluetooth in the context of wireless networking.

What is a piconet in Bluetooth?

Five-Mark Questions (5×8 = 40 marks)

Describe the working of the stop-and-wait protocol with a diagram.

Compare go-back-N and selective repeat sliding window protocols.

What are the key responsibilities of the data link layer in the Internet?

Explain the channel allocation problem and its types.

Describe ALOHA and its limitations.

Explain the architecture and working of Bluetooth technology.

Describe the concept of collision detection and collision avoidance.

What is Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)? Explain with a diagram.

Ten-Mark Questions (10×6 = 60 marks)

Explain in detail the sliding window protocol, including both Go-Back-N and Selective Repeat with
diagrams.

Describe elementary data link protocols: Unacknowledged, Stop-and-Wait, and how reliability is
achieved.

Discuss the medium access control sublayer and its protocols in detail (ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD,
CSMA/CA).

Explain the channel allocation problem, comparing static and dynamic allocation strategies.

Discuss the multiple access protocols in detail: ALOHA, CSMA, Token Passing, Polling.

Explain Bluetooth architecture, protocol stack, piconets, scatternets, and use cases.

UNIT 4

Two-Mark Questions (2×10 = 20 marks)

What is the primary function of the network layer?

Define routing.

What is congestion in a network?

Name two routing algorithms.

What is an IP address?

What is the role of the IP protocol?

Define static routing.

What is the purpose of ICMP?

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

What is TTL (Time To Live) in an IP packet?

Five-Mark Questions (5×8 = 40 marks)

Explain any two design issues of the network layer.

Describe the Distance Vector Routing Algorithm with an example.

Compare Link State Routing and Distance Vector Routing.

What are the causes of network congestion?

Explain the structure and fields of an IPv4 header.

Briefly describe the role of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

Discuss congestion control techniques in networks.

Explain classful IP addressing with examples for Class A, B, and C.

Ten-Mark Questions (10×10 = 100 marks)

Discuss the functions of the network layer and its key design issues in detail.

Explain the Link State Routing Algorithm with a suitable diagram and example.

Describe congestion control algorithms: open-loop vs closed-loop control, and specific examples like
choke packets and load shedding.

Explain the structure of IPv4 and IPv6 headers and compare their features.

Describe the IP protocol in detail, including packet format, addressing, and fragmentation.
Explain the different types of IP addressing techniques, including classful, classless (CIDR), and
subnetting with examples.

Discuss hierarchical routing and adaptive vs non-adaptive routing strategies.

Explain the working of ICMP and IGMP and their roles in the Internet.

Compare IPv4 and IPv6 in terms of format, addressing, and improvements.

Write short notes on the following:

a) Source routing

b) Tunneling

c) Mobile IP

d) Autonomous Systems

UNIT 5

8 Five-Mark Questions (5×8 = 40 marks)

Explain transport layer services in brief.

Describe the 3-way handshake used in TCP connection establishment.

Differentiate between TCP and UDP protocols.

Explain how addressing works in the transport layer.

Describe how a connection is established and released in a transport protocol.

What is a Simple Transport Protocol (STP)? Mention its structure and working.

Explain the concept of public key cryptography.

List and explain any two cryptographic techniques.

Ten-Mark Questions (10×12 = 120 marks)

Discuss in detail the functions of the transport layer in the OSI model.

Explain the connection management process: establishing, maintaining, and releasing a connection.

Describe the TCP 3-way handshake and connection termination process with diagrams.

Compare and contrast the TCP and UDP protocols with detailed features and use cases.

Explain how the transport layer handles flow control and error control.
Describe the working of a Simple Transport Protocol (STP). Include message types and examples.

Discuss Internet Transport Protocols (TCP/UDP) in detail, including header formats.

Explain the concept of socket programming, including addressing and port management.

Describe network security goals and explain how cryptography helps achieve them.

Explain the differences between symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, with algorithms and
examples.

Describe RSA algorithm with steps: key generation, encryption, and decryption.

Write short notes on any two of the following:

a) Digital Signatures

b) Hash Functions

c) SSL/TLS Protocols

d) Message Authentication Code (MAC)

MOBILE COMPUTING

UNIT I: Wireless Communication Fundamentals

10 Two-Mark Questions

What is wireless communication?

Name any two applications of wireless communication.

What is meant by signal propagation?

Define frequency and its unit.

Mention any two types of antennas.

What is modulation?

Define Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK).

List any two advantages of wireless communication.

What is multiplexing?

What is the use of spread spectrum?

7 Five-Mark Questions

Write a short history of wireless communication.

Explain different frequencies used for radio transmission.

Describe the concept of antennas and their types.

Compare ASK, FSK, and PSK.

Explain signal propagation with examples.

What are the types of multiplexing? Explain briefly.

Discuss the importance and types of modulation in wireless communication.

6 Ten-Mark Questions

Explain wireless transmission methods in detail.

Describe various types of signal modulations with neat diagrams.

Write detailed notes on signal propagation and its effects.

Discuss antennas – working, types, and applications.

Explain spread spectrum techniques and their applications.

Compare and contrast ASK, FSK, and PSK with waveform diagrams.

UNIT II: Wireless Medium Access and GSM

10 Two-Mark Questions

What is SDMA?

Define TDMA.

What is Fixed TDM?

Expand GPRS.

What is Classical Aloha?

Mention any one application of satellite systems.

Define CDMA.

What is GSM?

List any two features of FDMA.

Mention two services provided by satellite systems.

7 Five-Mark Questions

Compare SDMA, FDMA, and TDMA.

Explain the working of Classical Aloha protocol.

Write short notes on GPRS architecture.

Explain the concept of Digital Audio Broadcasting.

What are the advantages and limitations of CDMA?

Write a note on applications of satellite systems.

Compare Digital Video Broadcasting and Digital Audio Broadcasting.

6 Ten-Mark Questions

Explain GSM architecture and working in detail.

Describe the operation of TDMA and its types.

Discuss the concept and working of CDMA.

Explain satellite communication systems and their applications.

Describe the structure of GPRS and its use in mobile communication.

Compare FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and SDMA with suitable diagrams.

UNIT III: Wireless LANs and Bluetooth

Two-Mark Questions

What is an ad hoc network?

Define IEEE 802.11.

What is the range of infrared transmission?

Mention any one difference between infrared and radio transmission.

Define infrastructure network.

What is Wireless ATM?

Name any one user scenario for Bluetooth.

What is the purpose of protocol architecture?

Mention a feature of Bluetooth architecture.

What is the use of Wireless ATM?

Five-Mark Questions

Compare infrared and radio transmission.

Explain the architecture of IEEE 802.11.

Discuss the protocol stack of wireless LAN.

Explain Bluetooth architecture briefly.

Write short notes on infrastructure and ad hoc networks.

Describe any two user scenarios of Bluetooth.

Explain the services provided by Wireless ATM.

Ten-Mark Questions

Explain IEEE 802.11 architecture and its protocols in detail.

Compare infrastructure vs ad hoc networks with diagrams.

Describe Bluetooth architecture with a neat diagram.

Explain the role of Wireless ATM in mobile computing.

Discuss the complete protocol architecture of wireless LANs.

Describe the working and applications of Bluetooth in wireless networks.

UNIT IV: Mobile IP and Routing

Two-Mark Questions

What is Mobile IP?

Define tunneling.

What is the purpose of DHCP?

Mention any one entity in Mobile IP.

What is agent discovery?

Expand DSR.

Define encapsulation.

What is DSDV?

What is registration in Mobile IP?

Name any one optimization used in Mobile IP.

Five-Mark Questions

Describe the goals of Mobile IP.

What is agent advertisement in Mobile IP?

Write short notes on IP packet delivery.

Explain tunneling and encapsulation in Mobile IP.

Compare DSDV and DSR.

What are the assumptions in Mobile IP design?

Describe the working of DHCP.

Ten-Mark Questions

Explain Mobile IP architecture and its working in detail.

Describe the process of registration and agent discovery in Mobile IP.

Explain in detail the IP packet delivery mechanism in Mobile IP.

Discuss tunneling, encapsulation, and optimizations used in Mobile IP.

Compare and contrast DSDV and DSR with suitable examples.

Explain the role of DHCP in mobile computing environments.

UNIT V: WAP and Wireless Application Protocols

Two-Mark Questions

What is WML?

Define WTA.

Mention any one feature of WMLScript.

What is the role of protocol architecture in WAP?

Expand WTA.

Mention a use of WMLScript.

What is Wireless Telephony Application?

What is the role of WML in WAP?

What does WTA Architecture provide?

What is the purpose of WAP?

Five-Mark Questions

Write short notes on WML and its components.

What is WMLScript? Explain its importance.

Explain the protocol stack used in WAP.

Describe the architecture of Wireless Telephony Application.

Differentiate between WML and HTML.

What are the key features of WTA?

Explain the need for WAP in mobile environments.

Ten-Mark Questions

Explain the protocol architecture of WAP in detail.

Describe WML and WMLScript with examples.

Discuss Wireless Telephony Application and its architecture.

Explain how applications are developed using WML and WTA.

Compare Wireless Markup Language and HTML.

Describe the architecture and components of WAP.

🔹 UNIT I – Web Basics & HTML Basics

2-Mark Questions (10)

What is the Internet?

Name any two web browsers.

Define a webpage.

What is HTML?

What does a tag mean in HTML?

Write the basic structure of an HTML document.

Define a URL.

List any two popular HTML editors.

What is the difference between Internet and Web?

What is the role of a web browser?

Mark Questions (7)

Explain the difference between a website and a webpage.

Describe the basic structure of an HTML document with a simple example.

List and explain any 5 commonly used HTML tags.

What are HTML tags? Differentiate between container and empty tags.

Explain the working of a web browser.

Compare static vs dynamic webpages.

Explain the importance of HTML in web development.

10-Mark Questions (10)

What is the Internet? Explain its evolution and applications.

Describe various components of a web browser and their functions.

Explain the difference between the Internet, Intranet, and WWW with examples.

Describe in detail the structure and purpose of an HTML document.

Write an HTML program to create a basic webpage with title and a paragraph.

Explain the role of HTML in web designing and how tags work.

What are the types of HTML editors? Give examples and explain.

Write an HTML page with heading, paragraph, and bold text.

Explain how HTML works with web browsers to display web content.

Write notes on: (i) Web Browser (ii) HTML Tags (iii) Webpage.

UNIT II – Document Structure & Block Elements

✅ 2-Mark Questions (10)

What is the use of <html> tag?

Write the syntax of <head> and <body> tags.

List any two block-level tags.

What does the <p> tag do?

What is the use of the <title> tag?

Write the tag to create bold text.

Write the tag to make italic text.

What is the use of the <strong> tag?

What is the difference between <b> and <strong>?

What is a block-level element?

✅ 5-Mark Questions (7)

Explain the structure of an HTML document using HTML, Head, and Body tags.

Write HTML code to display text with bold, italic, and underline styles.

Describe various font-style tags with examples.

Compare block-level vs inline elements with examples.

What are the uses of the <strong>, <small>, and <big> tags?

Differentiate between <strike> and <strong> tags with examples.

Write HTML code demonstrating use of headings and paragraphs.

10-Mark Questions (10)

Explain HTML document structure in detail with code example.

Write HTML code to display a paragraph with text styled in bold, italic, and different font sizes.
Describe in detail various block-level elements in HTML.

Explain all heading tags with examples and their significance.

Write HTML code to demonstrate usage of all font-style elements.

Discuss semantic vs non-semantic tags with examples.

Write HTML code using <p>, <b>, <i>, <strike>, <small>, and <strong> tags.

What are inline elements? Compare them with block-level elements.

Write HTML code to show a heading followed by styled paragraphs using different font tags.

Explain the use and difference of font-related tags: <b>, <strong>, <big>, <small>, <i>.

🔹 UNIT III – Lists, Marquee, HR, BR, Images, Hyperlinks

2-Mark Questions (10)

Name the types of lists in HTML.

What does the <ul> tag stand for?

What is the function of the <marquee> tag?

Write syntax for inserting an image in HTML.

What is the use of the <br> tag?

Write the tag to create a horizontal line.

What is nesting in lists?

What is the use of the alt attribute in images?

Define hyperlink.

Write the syntax of the <a> tag for hyperlink.

5-Mark Questions (7)

Explain the difference between ordered and unordered lists with examples.

Write HTML code for nesting lists.

How is the <marquee> tag used? Give examples.

Explain how to add an image to a webpage using HTML.

Describe the use of <hr> and <br> tags with examples.

Write HTML code to create a hyperlink to another webpage.

Explain image attributes used in HTML.

10-Mark Questions (10)

Write HTML code to create ordered, unordered and nested lists.

What are lists in HTML? Explain different types with examples.

Write HTML code to demonstrate the use of <marquee>, <hr>, and <br> tags.

Explain how to use hyperlinks in HTML. Discuss internal and external linking.

Write HTML code to insert an image with width, height, and alt attributes.

Describe image formats used in HTML. Write code to display an image as a link.

Write an HTML page with at least one list, one image, and a hyperlink.

Compare <ol>, <ul>, and <dl> tags with examples.

Explain how to create image hyperlinks with suitable HTML code.

Create an HTML page showing nested lists, an image, and a scrolling marquee.

UNIT IV – Tables

2-Mark Questions (10)

Write the tag to create a table in HTML.

What is the use of <tr> tag?

Define cell padding.

What is the use of colspan?

How to add caption to a table?

Write tag for a table row and cell.

What is the use of rowspan?

What does <td> stand for?

Define cell spacing.

What is the difference between <th> and <td>?

5-Mark Questions (7)

Explain basic structure of a table in HTML.

Write HTML code for a table with a caption.

How are rows and columns spanned in HTML?

Write code demonstrating cell padding and cell spacing.

Explain table alignment using suitable examples.

Describe various table tags with examples.

Compare rowspan vs colspan with examples.

10-Mark Questions (10)

Write HTML code to create a table with 4 rows and 3 columns.

Explain all table elements with proper syntax and examples.

Create an HTML table with a caption and proper alignment of text in cells.

Write HTML code showing use of both rowspan and colspan in a table.

Describe attributes used in table creation such as border, cellspacing, cellpadding.

Write HTML code to create a student mark sheet using tables.

Discuss how to align tables and cells using HTML.

Write HTML code to create a table with header row and multiple data rows.

Explain the significance of caption in a table and give examples.

Write HTML code for a table showing product name, price, and description using colspan and rowspan.

UNIT V – Frames & Forms

✅ 2-Mark Questions (10)

What is a frame in HTML?

Write the syntax of <frameset> tag.

What is a targeted link?

What does <noframes> tag do?

Write a tag to create a text input field.

What is the use of the <textarea> tag?

Define the <select> tag.

What is the use of the action attribute in forms?

Write syntax for creating a drop-down list.

What is the difference between <frame> and <iframe>?

5-Mark Questions (7)

What is a frameset? How is it used in HTML?

Explain the concept of targeted links with examples.

How is the <noframes> tag used?

Describe any three input types used in HTML forms.

Explain the <textarea> and <select> tags with syntax.

Write HTML code for a basic form with name, email, and submit button.

Explain different attributes of the <form> tag.

10-Mark Questions (10)

Write HTML code to create a webpage using frameset to divide the browser into two sections.

Explain the working of targeted links in frames with examples.

Describe different types of form elements and their uses.

Write HTML code for a feedback form using input, textarea, and select tags.

What are frames? Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using frames.

Write HTML code to create a form that collects user information like name, gender, and co