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Springer Proceedings in Energy

Dennis Johansson
Hans Bagge
Åsa Wahlström Editors

Cold
Climate
HVAC 2018
Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates
Springer Proceedings in Energy
The series Springer Proceedings in Energy covers a broad range of multidisciplinary
subjects in those research fields closely related to present and future forms of energy
as a resource for human societies. Typically based on material presented at
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– Energy Efficiency
– Fossil Fuels
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13370

Dennis Johansson •

Hans Bagge •

Åsa Wahlström
Editors

Cold Climate HVAC 2018

Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates

123
Editors
Dennis Johansson Åsa Wahlström
Division of Building Services Division of Building Services
Lund University Lund University
Lund, Sweden Lund, Sweden

Hans Bagge
Division of Building Physics
Lund University
Lund, Sweden

ISSN 2352-2534 ISSN 2352-2542 (electronic)

Springer Proceedings in Energy
ISBN 978-3-030-00661-7 ISBN 978-3-030-00662-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018955160

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
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Preface

The 9th international Cold Climate HVAC 2018 conference was held in the city of
Kiruna, Sweden, from March 12 to 15. The conference series was initiated by the
Scandinavian Federation of Heating, Ventilation, and Sanitary Engineering
Associations (SCANVAC) in 1994 and has been held every third year in a northern
circumpolar community. This was the first time the conference was held in Sweden
and was the most northern Cold Climate HVAC conference ever. The municipality
of Kiruna is facing an extensive transformation due to an expanding iron ore mine
which is undermining the existing city. The result of this is that one-third of the city
needs to be relocated which leads to new real estate developments in an arctic
climate. The conference theme was sustainable new and renovated buildings in cold
climates. The conference was organized and run by the Department of Building
Services, in cooperation with the Department of Building Physics, at Lund
University.
Program Committee:
Dennis Johansson, Chair, Building Services, Lund University, Sweden
Hans Bagge, Co-Chair, Building Physics, Lund University Sweden
Åsa Wahlström, Senior Advisor, Building Services, Lund University, Sweden
Over 4 days, approximately 150 delegates from 19 countries from the northern
part of Europe, Asia and North America met, made connections and listened to
almost 100 presentations on scientific papers that examined northern sustainable
buildings and their HVAC systems. The program included interesting and infor-
mative booths and exhibitions from nine companies and partners. Conference
keynote speakers gave lectures on topics ranging from the transformation of Kiruna
city and the structural and social issues in the movement of its buildings, the
construction and background of Icehotel Jukkasjärvi and their new year-round
Icehotel 365. They also presented the technical, social, and cultural challenges
of the design of buildings and communities in remote northern areas. The program
also included study visits looking at the local architecture of Kiruna, the new city
hall under construction, the Icehotel Jukkasjärvi, and the iron ore mine and its

v
vi Preface

impressive HVAC system. Pre- and post-conference tours were made to Esrange
Space Centre and the Abisko National Park and mountain area.
The numerous connections made during the conference and tour between
researchers from academy, practitioners, and developers from industry help in
bringing improvements to the future sustainability of both new and renovated
northern buildings.
A total of 112 full papers were submitted to the conference and 91 papers were
accepted for publication. Each paper was categorized under one topic and in this
book, the articles are presented by topic. The topics are:
• Energy and power efficiency and low energy buildings
• Renovation of buildings
• Efficient HVAC components
• Heat pump and geothermal systems
• District and city energy systems
• Buildings in operation
• Building simulation
• Transdisciplinary connections and social aspects
• Indoor environment and health
• Moisture safety and hygrothermal aspects
• Codes, regulations, standards, and policies
• Other aspects of buildings in cold climates
The papers were single-blind reviewed by the scientific committee and each paper
had at least two reviewers. The scientific committee members, listed below, con-
sisted of researchers and experts from different parts of the world who had expertise
in one or more of the conference topics.
The Scientific Committee members:
Angela Sasic, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Berit Time, SINTEF, Norway
Bert Phillips, UNIES Ltd., Canada
Bill Semple, University of Calgary, Canada
Björn Marteinsson, University of Iceland, Iceland
Boualem Ouazia, National Research Council Canada, Canada
Carey Simonson, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Carl-Erik Hagentoft, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
D. Y. Zheldakov, Research Institute of building physics of RAACS,
Moscow, Russia
Eckhard Groll, Purdue University, USA
Erich Binder, WorleyParsons Ltd., Canada
Guangyu Cao, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Hans Martin Mathisen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Henrik Davidsson, Lund University, Sweden
Hiroshi Yoshino, Tohoku University, Japan
Hua Ge, Concordia University, Canada
Preface vii

Ivo Martinac, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Jan Sundell, Tsinghua University, China
Jan-Olof Dalenbäck, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Jarek Kurnitski, Tallin University of Technology, Estonia
Jeffrey D. Spitler, Oklahoma State University, USA
Jesper Arfvidsson, Lund University, Sweden
Juha Vinha, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Jutta Schade, Luleå Technical University, Sweden
Kristina Mjörnell, RISE, Sweden
Kwang Woo Kim, Seoul National University, South Korea
Lars-Erik Harderup, Lund University, Sweden
Leif Gustafsson, Växjö Linnaeus University, Sweden
Lin Duanmu, Dalian University of Technology, China
Linda Hägerhed, University of Borås, Sweden
Marianna Brodach, Moscow Architectural Institute, Russia
Martin Kotol, Technical University of Denmark, Greenland
Mika Vuolle, EQUA, Sweden
Olli Seppanen, FINVAC, Finland
Paula Femenias, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Pawel Wargocki, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Petra Vladykova Bednarova, Swegon, Sweden
Robert Cerný, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Saqib Javed, Lund University, Sweden
Shuichi Hokoi, Kyoto University, Japan
Stefan Olander, Lund University, Sweden
Sven Werner, Halmstad University, Sweden
Svend Svendsen, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Targo Kalames, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Thomas Lützkendorf, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Thomas Olofsson, Luleå Technical University, Sweden
Thoms Olofsson, Umeå University, Sweden
Toke Rammer Nielsen, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Ulla Janson, Skanska AB, Sweden
V. G. Gagarin, Research Institute of building physics of RAACS, Russia
Vojislav Novakovic, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Xudong Yang, Tsinghua University, China
Åke Blomsterberg, Lund University, Sweden

Lund, Sweden Dennis Johansson

May 2018 Hans Bagge
Åsa Wahlström
Contents

Part I Energy and Power Efficiency and Low Energy Buildings

Passive House Construction Above the Arctic Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Stefan Dehlin, Catrin Heincke and Peter Koskinen
In Situ Thermal Resistance Testing of an Energy Efficient Building
Envelope in the Canadian Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Carsen Banister, Michael Swinton, Travis Moore and Dennis Krys
Energy Consumption of an Energy Efficient Building Envelope
in the Canadian Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Carsen Banister, Michael Swinton, Travis Moore, Dennis Krys
and Iain Macdonald
Increasing Buildings Automation Systems Efficiency
with Real-Time Simulation Trough Improved Machine
Self-learning Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Andris Krūmiņš, Nikolajs Bogdanovs, Romualds Beļinskis,
Kristīne Mežale and Miks Garjāns
Analysis of Various Ventilation Solutions for Residential
and Non-residential Buildings in Latvia and Estonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Jurgis Zemitis, Anatolijs Borodinecs and Targo Kalamees
Performances of Gas-Water Direct-Contact Heat Transfer . . . . . . . . . 63
Feng Li, Lin Duanmu, Lin Fu and Xiling Zhao
Impacts of Energy Efficient Constant Output Heating on the Moisture
Conditions of Unoccupied Summer Cottages in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Juha Vinha, Jarkko Piironen and Mihkel Kiviste
Setback Efficiency of Limited-Power Heating Systems
in Cold Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Tuule Mall Kull, Raimo Simson and Jarek Kurnitski

ix
x Contents

Integration of Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T)

System with Heat Recovery Ventilators for Improved Performance
Under Extreme Cold Climates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Riccardo Toffanin, Hua Ge and Andreas Athienitis
Demand Controlled Ventilation in Residential Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Huijuan Chen and Caroline Markusson
Is It Possible to Build Near Zero Energy Single Family Buildings
in Very Cold Arctic Climate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Svein Ruud
The Energy Performance of Green Roof in Sub-arctic Climate . . . . . . 135
Jutta Schade and Farshid Shadram
Performance Evaluation of a Passive House
in Sub-arctic Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Shimantika Bhattacharjee, Sofia Lidelöw and Jutta Schade
The Study of Energy-Saving Window Technology Adaption
for Green Buildings in the Severe Cold Region
of Northern China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Liang Yu and Xiaotong Wang

Part II Renovation of Buildings

Tenants’ Priority of Renovation Measures and Their Willingness
to Pay Higher Rent to Implement These . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Kristina Mjörnell and Carolina Hiller
Upgrading of a Typical Norwegian Existing Wooden House
According to the EnerPHit Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn and Laurina Cornelia Felius
Adding Glazing as an Energy Saving Renovation Measure
in Cold Climates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Birgitta Nordquist, Kimmo Hilliaho and Petter Wallentén
The Most Cost-Effective Energy Solution in Renovating
a Multi-family House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Elaheh Jalilzadehazhari and Krushna Mahapatra
Operational Characterisation of Neighbourhood Heat Energy
After Large-Scale Building Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Paul Beagon, Fiona Boland and James O’Donnell
Potentials and Challenges for Integrating PV in Roof Renovation
of Multi-residential Houses—A Questionnaire Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Liane Thuvander, Paula Femenías, Johan Gren and Peter Kovacs
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