SYLLABUS INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING Objectives: ‘© To understand the concepts in Cloud Computing and its Security To understand the evolving computer model caned cloud computing. To introduce the various levels of services that can be achieved by cloud, Outcomes: ‘+ To explain and apply levels of services of Cloud. + To describe the security aspects in cloud. UNIT I: Cloud Computing Foundation: Introduction to loud Computing — Move to Cloud Computing ~ Types of Cloud — Working of Cloud Computing. UNIT - I: Cloud Computing Architecture : Cloud Computing Technology — Cloud Architecture ~ Cloud Modeling and Design - Virtualization : Foundation ~ Grid, Cloud and Virtualization ~ Virtualization and Cloud Computing, UNIT - III: Data Storage and Cloud Computing : Data Storage — Cloud ‘Storage ~ Cloud Storage from LANs to WANs — Cloud Computing Services : Cloud Services ~ Cloud Computing at Work. UNIT - r Cloud Computing and Security : Risks in Cloud Computing — Data Security in Cloud — Cloud Security Services — ‘Tools and Technologies for Cloud — Cloud Masha Tools. Cloud Computing Tools : ips ~ Apache Hadoop ~ Cloud UNIT-V: Cloud Applications ~ Moving Applications to the Cloud ~ Microsoft Cloud Services ~ Google Cloud Applications - Amazon Cloud Services — Cloud Applications,unit 1 15 16 17 18 19 CONTENTS ” Cloud Computing Foundatio! Evol Basics of Cloud Computing. 14.1 Defining the Cloud. 1.42. The Need for Cloud Computing, 1.43 History of Cloud Computing.. 1.44 Basie Components of Cloud... 145. Characteristics of Cloud Computing Service 1.4.6 Benefits and Advantageous of Clouds 147 Drawbacks and Risks of Cloud Services: Moving to Cloud Computing. Importance of Information in Business Continuity. Cloud Migrations. 1.53 Challenges and Issues in Moving to Cloud. Types of Clouds 16.1 Public Cloud: 1.62 Private Cloud... 1.63 Hybrid Cloud... 164 Community Cloud. 1.6.5 Comparison of Differences in Cloud Types Working on Cloud Computing 1.7.1 Cloud Service Models... 172 Comparison of Cloud Service Models Cloud Applica Cloud Secu Questions and Answets.. Review Questions. 147 Unit 2 Cloud Computing Architecture 21-2, 62 2.1 Intro 2.2 Phases of Cloud 2.2.1 Cloud Unified Process (CUP).. 2.3. Cloud Architecture. 2.3.1 Cloud Architecture Foundations. 2.3.2 Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) of Cloud. 2.3.3 Cloud Framework Reference Model 234 Cloud Compliances and Standards Frameworks.. Cloud Modelling Design 24.1 Basic Cloud Model 2.42 Multicloud Model 243 Intercloud Moddl....... 24.4 — Federated Cloud Model, 2.4.5 Beosystem Cloud Model 246 — Cloud Governance Model Virtualization . 2.5.1 25.2 253 24 25 263.4.3 Distributed Cloud Feature 3.43 3.4.4 Distributed Cloud Working Princ’ 344 3.4.5 _ Difference between Distributed Cloud and the Cloud.....3.44 3.4.6 Distributed Cloud Storages Examples.. 345 3,5 Cloud Computing Services at Work/ Cloud Services Examples.....3.47 3. 3.47 3.5.2. Microsoft Azure : 3.50 3.5.3 Google Cloud Platform (GCP). 3.52 Questions and Answers 3.56 3.66 26 Server Vira 1 Amazon Web Services (AWS) Review Ques! Review Question pata Storage And Cloud compucing unit 4 Cloud Computing And Security unit 3 3.41 Iaroduction 32. Data Storage 32.1 Data, Information, and Storage 4.1 Introductio 4.2. Cloud Computing Security. 42.1 The Need for Cloud Securit 43. Risks in Cloud Computing 43.1 Risk Management 43.2. Need for Risk Management. 32.2 File Systems... 3.23. Data Storage Technologies. ‘Cloud Computing. 324 Types of Data Storage 4.3.3. Risk Management Processe 44 — Data Security in Cloud Comput 44.1 Confident 442 Data Security Risks and Threats in Cloud Computing, 44.3 Content Level Security (CLS) 44a 4.5 Cloud 4.5.1 Types of Cloud Security Service: 33 Cloud Storages... 33.1 Working Pri 332 Features of Cloud Storages.. ples of Cloud Storages.. 333 Advantageous and Lit tions of Cloud Storages. 3.34 Types of Cloud Storage Services... 335 Cloud Storage Management 33 Ditlerence between Cloud Storage vs. Tradition 337 4.5.2 Best Practices to be Followed using Cloud Security Ser 4,6 Tools and Te 461rallel Computing: 462 Par unit Cloud Applications 5.1-5.50 147 Cloud Computing platforms. 5.1. Introduction 411 Abieloud: 2 Moving t0 Cloud. nnnennene 4.7.2 Buealypt 5.2.1 Reasons for Companies Are Moving to the Cloud.. 4.73 Open Nebul 5.2.2 Main challenges of Moving to the Cloud... 5.2.3. Moving to Cloud Strategie cer MapRedsee 5.2.4 — Right Cloud technology to Choose 482. Chubby: a3 Dryadand Dyed. ING: Is. Cloud Management Tools. ° Joud Computing Management 5.2.5 Process of Cloud Migration. 3 Microsoft Cloud Services 53.1 Types of Azure Clouds... 53.2. Azure Domains (Components) 4.9.1 Advantages of Cl 4.9.2 Various tools for Management nts of Cloud Computing Management. 5.3.3. Microsoft Azure Storages.. 493 Compone 494 Challenges of Cloud Computing Management 53.4 Azure Services 53.5 Azure Networking... 4.10 Cloud Mashups. 5.3.6 Applications of Azure....... 4.10.1 Concepts of Cloud Mashups 5.3.7 Applications of Azure for the user Applications .... 4.11 Apache Hadoop 5.3.8 Advantages and Disadvantageous of using Azure Hadoop EcoSystem and Components 53.9 Limited Time Free Azure Account... Bs Hadoop Architecture.. a Features of Hadoop .. 5.4.1 Benefits of Google Cloud Platform. 5.4.2 Key Features of Google Cloud Platform... Network Topology Hi ‘ low Hadoop Works: 5.4.3 Google Cloud Platform Services.... 5.4.4 Advantages of Google Cloud Platform, 4417 4s Cows tack 54,5 Creating a Free Tier Account on GCP.. 2 Cloud Toots az pei 5.5 Amazon Cloud Services .. ware... 22 CI ° 5.5.1 AWS Various Services, 412.2 COUdSIM soso 5.5.2 Applications of AWS services. Keview Ques 5.5.3 Advantageous and Disadvatangeoues of AWS Services... 5.3156 7 Ful Questions and Answers Review Questions ~~ Question Papers ure of Cloud Computing UNIT aN ‘Madras University CLOUD COMPUTING FOUNDATION ———— 4.4 INTRODUCTION Cloud Computing shifted the paradigm of the way the stored data is handled now than before. In earlier days of computing, the data was stored in one fixed place and the user needs to physically move to the computer where the data is stored to access it. Later using Local Area Networks, the data can be accessed from inside the building, anywhere. The invention of the Intemet and thanks to Cloud Computing technology provides data that can be accessed, anywhere, anytime, Cloud Services provide much more than just storage. It ranges from networks, servers, platforms, business processes, etc. Cloud is the future of computing and cloud computing services tend to provide for tomorrow's IT needs. 4.2 COMPUTERS AND COMPUTING We find computers everywhere around us like at home, in schools, hospitals, railway stations, airports, banks, shopping malls, and so on, In general, the computer is defined as “Computer is an electronic data processing machine which receives input from the user, stores it, process it, and provides the output back t0 the users". The physical components of a computer (Figure 1.1) can be seen and touched by the hardware. For example, CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer, ctc., are hardware or peripheral devices. The input to.a computer is given in the form of instructions. The instruction si command to the computer to perform certain operations. This set of instructions that we give to the computer to perform a particular taskSting ether form software 2 mm Many sue programs a and Computer Pris constitutes & program: "antivirus, MS Office, PULET Bama perating computer. OF are all software applic: igure 1.4 Physical components of Computer ‘To funtion properly, the computer needs both hardware and software, the operating system, and the data that reside software consists of programs, zsys + the memory and storage devices. Computing is defined as result-orient 1s some useful solution to person or a company. Ino process that brin ing some complex probler words, Computing is the process of calc analyzing the employee salary, booking a train, bus, or fight ticket, 4.2.1 Computing Environments Based on the place, purpose, and types of computers are used, the computi i sified, as follows: | Computing environment nent environment onment ‘Cloud Computing Foundation 1 13 ‘Traditional Computing Environment: Traditional Computing is a process of using physical data centers on-premises for various data assets. As a result, it also runs complete networking systems for day-to-day operations. One of the commonly used computing, environments is used for a variety of purposes. 2. Cloud Computing Environment: Cloud Computing provides on- demand computing resources such as servers, networks, storage, business process tools, etc using the Intemnet, The Cloud computing environment is considered to be the most economical and scalable computing environment for today’s computing requirements. 3. Grid Computing Environment: Grid Computing is a process where computers and devices from various locations work on a single problem as collaborative works. 4, Distributed Computing Environment: Distributed Computing takes place when multiple computers and devices connect using a common network but are separated physically in a distributed environment. 5. Personal Computing Environment: A Personal Computing Environment includes a single machine or user who uses limited computing power and resources to carry out day-to-day personal work. Mostly a desktop computer, or laptop computer. 6. Client-Server Computing Environment: Client-Server Computing ‘a type of environment that incorporates two machines, it includes a client machine and a server machine. ‘Therefore, 7. Mobile Computing Environment: Mobile Computing refers to the type of environment that runs tasks on smartphones and tablets. Hence, it is computing on portable and lightweight devices wit! mobility power. 4.3 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING stages in this evolution, each representing a different five There have been fiv configuration of computing power and infrastructure elements, 7sa may aiso Be used iM Another 5 cloud and m¢ me companies still Tun tradition | racteize m For exam fr use mainam ‘Technologies that ch yurposes: for other P inainframe systems oF OY 1 large Web sites re enterprise applications, supports Je stages (Figure 1.2) 0 ‘panei fe Evolution n of Comp The five | Stage 1: Mai | Computers | dg sonal Computers 4 | Stage 3: ClienvServer Computing | Stage 2 | In | Stage | Appl | The ray 1990s launched a large number of personal desktop prod ‘The term “server” refers to both the software app! | computer on which the network software runs. The server could be a | mainframe, but today, server computers typically are more powerful } versions of personal computers, based on inexpensive chips and often Fusing mult Cloud Computing Foundation 15 ‘Stage 5: Cloud Computing’ Mobile Computing 4 Figure 1.2 Evolution of Computing Stages 1, Mainframe and Minicomputer Era: (1959 to Present) The introduction of the IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines in 1959 marked the beginning of widespread commercial use of mainframe computers. In 1965, the mainframe computer truly came into its own with the introduction of the IBM 360 series. Mainframe computers ‘became powerful enough to support thousands of online remote terminals connected to the centralized mainframe using proprietary communication protocols and proprietary data lines. 2. Personal Computer Era: (1981 to Present) increase in the use of Personal Computers in the 1980s and carly ty software tools - word processors, spreadsheets, electronic presentation software, and small data management programs. | 3. Client/Server Era (1983 to Present) ient/server computing, desktop or laptop computers called clients are networked to powerful server computers that provide the client computers ith a variety of services and capabilities. The client is the user’s point of entry, whereas the server typically processes and stores shared’ data, serves up Web pages, or manages network activities.sent) work standards and software 4g, rks and applications TrouRhoue | vor ie, As the Internet developeg nal after 1995, business firms beg. rons ProtocoV/internet Protocol} re, vor Oger ting Era (20000 Present) ane Intemet has pushed the client/sery, width poe what is called the “Cloud Compu vows to a model of comPULINE that provigg Model.” Cloud computing computing resources (COMPULETS, Storage 10 a shared 7M! Mover a network, often the Intemet, Thea , a reoures can be accessed on an as-needed bagis and location. or seri i 1p) networking stan 5. Cloud and Mobile Com x bat ‘The growing model one step furthe anplicat “clouds” of comy fiom any connected devi 1.4 BASICS OF (CLOUD COMPUTING ; Jot of discussions and understanding of What is Cloud? M; cre area Jot of discussi as Ce ae derstand differently and are not able to derive some kind of solig op " Perle a hy we can see conclusions about actual cloud computing services. That's wl jons that can be found whenever we seek to ‘f some say Cloud Computing’ so many types of defi what is cloud. The terms also, some say Cloud, ure 1.3). and some say Cloud Services (Fi However, all these terms refer to the same concept of technology that lable to users whenever called ‘on-der ie services a 5, storaze, databases, networking, software, analytics, ve over the internet Cloud Computing Foundation A2 ——————— be better narrated with real-life examples as follows: When we buy a car, we have the option of buying the car and starting using it. In the regular Sofware process, we just buy the car and start driving it. But then we have to bear the cost of keeping the Car on our premises. We need to take the car for maintenance. We have to fix issues in the Car by ourselves. Figure 1.3 Cloud Dilemma In Cloud computing, we just rent the car and start driving it. ‘There is no need to buy/rent space to store the car. As soon as we are done driving, we return it to the Cloud provider. There is no need to go for maintenance. ive us another Car while the earlier one is going Car. We just The Cloud provider wi through maintenance. No need to waste time fixing issue: drive the Car and for the time we are driving it. 1.4.1 Defining the Cloud Cloud computing is defined as “Cloud computing is a method of providing a set of shared computing resources that includes applications, computing, storage, networking, development, and deployment platforms as well as business processes, through the Internet”. Cloud computing is Intemet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.Cloud Computing Foundation 12 Cloud Computing Foundation explosive growth of information. The information growth has put storage companies t0 mangas professionals at high risk for managing aid securing the stored information. he capital and spendin, | rease in computer and Mobile users, data storage has become a in all fields. Large and small-scale businesses today thrive on their data & they spent a huge amount of money to maintain this data. It requires strong IT support and a storage hub, Not all businesses can afford the high cost of in-house IT infrastructure and backup support services. For them, Cloud Computing is a cheaper solution. Iso av A management of TEC amount of informat Cloud computing decreases the hardware and software demand from the user's side. The only thing that the user must be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which can be as simple fas a Web browser, and the Cloud network takes care of the rest. We all Growth of have experienced cloud computing at some instant of time, some of the ‘The enormous increase i popular cloud services we have used or are jon’s a vital asset for b 4 where informati a se nintenance of many storage deviceg Dropbox, Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, etc. of storage space sy as magnetic tapes, hard disk drives. 0 ical storage devices, et Uses of clouds for various individual and company such as magnetic apes, 5 ‘using our mail services like The following are the main usage of clouds for various individual and company purposes: + Fil storage + Big Data Analytics + Data backups and archiving + Di er recovery + Software testing and development + Infrast jure as a service (laaS) and Platform as a service (PaaS) + Communication +s I Networking + Business process 1.4.3 History of Cloud Computing brief walkthrough and summary of cloud computing history and i ese years.mes in Computer Science, Joy, =f Cloud Computing Foundation wi ® expensive mainframes ang | tured out to be, beg 110 @ The 1960s: One of y McCarthy, enabled enterprise introduced the whole conee! huge contribution to the pions A andthe establishment ofthe Interne Fae renowned vo 1.4.4 Basic Components of Cloud ‘The cloud computing architecture consists of two parts front end and the back end, the front end partis the one that is used by the user, and the back end part is managed by the host (Figure 1.4). Both ends are connected via the internet. The front end includes applications and interfaces that help the jobal spacey I.C.R | tic Network” ang user access cloud services. 8 aero & 1969: With the v Licklider introduc ssjntergalactic Computer Netw see i search Projects Agency Network ARI possible to run multiple Operating — Jso developed Advanceg 1970: By this era, it Wi in an isolated environment. v'Chellappa introduced the concept of “Cloud © 1997: Prof. Ramnatl Computing” in Dallas. é the whole concept of enterpri 4 1999: Salesforce.com startet applications through the medium of simple websites. Along, with that, te services firm also covered the way to help experts deliver mnct. ‘Management applications via the 2003: The Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). which allows the ining of multiple virtual guest operating systems on a single levice, paved the way ahead for other huge inventions. Figure 1.4 Cloud Components The company offering cloud services manages the back end and has data storage facilities, virtual machines, security systems, and servers. Here is a List of Components of Cloud Computing Architecture: © 2006: Amazon also started expanding in cloud services. From EC2 to Simple Storage Service $3, they introduced the pay-as-you-go, model, which has become a standard practice even today. 1, Client Infrastructure: The client infrastructure component is the part of the front end which provides a graphic user interface for the + 2008: Google too introduced its beta version of the search engin user to interact with the cloud. Earlier announced by Microsoft in the year 2008, it released its cloud computing servige named Microsoft Azure for testing, deployme and managing applications and services 2. Application: An application is any platform like an app or software offered by a company by which the clients access the cloud. % 2012: Google’: 3, Service: A cloud service manages the kind of service that a client ' computer engine was released but was rolled out to A anaes needs to use according to his requirement. There are three types of eae by the end of Dec 2013. Oracle introduced Oracle Cloud. | » three primary services for business (laaS, PaaS, and SaaS). services in cloud computing.the executi The runtime cloud provides Hon onde time Crowd: TH machines. e ament to th virtual ment of oud computing Provides iy, 0 a data 4 Tor storing and managing 481. Tn cloyy rmuttipte clients simultaneous), 1e envirot 1¢ storage COMP! the cloud 5, Storage: Th storage capacity in ccessible 0 sera th a germ of bale Cm Cloud storage is gene" ud. tc elond, private cloud, and hybrid clov fr eatrueture Te infrastructure proviges SETS TL the hos, oooanr ication fvel, and rework evel I includes the softwa level, app L vamponents such as the storage NelWOTK devices ther storage resource required to SUPOFt the cloyg server is a host computer which had a high. | Graphics Processor, etc. and hardware server and any ‘computing model. A speed processor, main memory, 7. Management: Management is used for managing the components | * Sach as storage services, applications, runtime cloud infrastructure, and security issues in the backend and for establishing coordinati 8. Security: Security is the backend component of cloud computing, which insurance the security of data in the cloud. The securit the cloud includes a broad set of policies, technologies, 9, Internet: The Internet is the medium using which the frontend and backend components communicate an iteract with each other. 1.4.5 Characteristics of Cloud Computing Services There are several Cloud computing services avi to get it, However, a good cloud se characteristic, to fulfill the user needs. Resources Pooling: Resource pooling is one of the essential wracteristics of Cloud Computing. Resource pooling means that a cloud service providing ev. requirements provider can share resources among several clien! Sryone with a different set of services as per the ud Computing Foundation SClowd Computing Pouniiation 35 5 eos Aa + On-Demand Self-Service: It is one of the significant and essential features of Cloud Computing, It enables the client to constantly _ Monitor the server uptime, abilities, and allotted network Storage. ‘This is a fundamental characteristic of Cloud Computing, and a client can likewise control the computing abilities as per his needs. + Easy Maintenance: The servers are effortlessly maintained, and the downtime remains low or zero sometimes. + Scalability and Rapid Elasticity: A key characteristic and benefit of cloud computing is its rapid scalability. This cloud characteristic ‘enables the cost-effective running of workloads that require a vast number of servers but only for a short period. + Economical: This helps in reducing the IT expenditure of the organizations. In Cloud Computing, the client needs to pay the administration for the space they have used. There is no covered-up, or additional charge which needs to be paid. The administration is economical, and more often than not, some space is allotted for free. + Reporting Service: Reporting services are one of the many cloud. characteristics that make them the best choice for organizations. Measuring & reporting service is helpful for both cloud providers and their clients, It enables both the provider and the client to monitor and report what services have been used and for what purpose. + Security: Data security is one of the best characteristics of Cloud Computing, Cloud services create a copy of the data that is stored to prevent any form of data loss. If one server loses the data by any chance, the copy version is restored froin the other server. This feature comes in handy when several users work on a particular file in real-time and a file suddenly gets corrupted. + Automation: Automation is an essential characteristic of cloud computing. The ability of cloud computing to automatically install, configure, and maintain a cloud service is known as automation in cloud computing + Resiliehce: Resilience in cloud computing means the ability of the service to quickly recover from any disruption.114 d's characteristics is gg | ofthe clow ve Large Network Access: A BIE Patt ofthe cess the cloud data or transfer the data 4 | jth a device and internet connect, Location: Remote working is one of the primary rae ting, Tt enables users to work remo roeation on the planet. Users will be able t0 access oy i cs nobile devices such as laptops and smartphones eran that cr can connect quickly. Employees thay ther location can communicate with ong features of cloud comp corp It also ensures that every Us! work remotely or live in anot another and do their jobs. .d computin; + Service Excellence: Clout ; 2 the highest level of service possible, The benefits outlined in | Service Level Agreements must include continuous availability | and comprehensive resources, performance, and bandwidth. Any _ es will result in a loss of clients and a | g ensures that users receiye | ‘compromise on these servi decrease in popularity. 1.4.6 Benefits and Advantageous of Clouds The potential for cost saving is the major reason for cloud services adoption by many organizations, Cloud computing gives the freedom to use services as per the requirement and pay only for what we use. Due it has become possible to run IT operations as an ud computin; | outsourced unit without many in-house resources. Cloud services provide | s such as, i, Lower IT infrastructure and computer costs for users ii, Improved performance ili. Fewer Maintenance issues software updates \. Improved compatibility between Operating systems creased storage ase data safety, Cloud Computing Foundation mance as Also, Cloud Comp ing services provide the following major benefits | that drive any business to grow without worrying about the cost of large iardware and software to handle their business. ‘* Agility: The cloud works in a distributed computing environment. It shares resources among users and works very fast. > High avai : The availability of servers is high and more reliable because the chances of infrastructure failure are minimal. ~ High Scalability: This means “on-demand” provis resources on a large scale, without having engineers for peak loads. ioning of ~ Multi-Sharing: With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work more efficiently with cost reductions by sharing a common infrastructure. Device and Location Independence: Cloud computing enables users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or hat device they use e, is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere. PC, mobile phone, etc. As infrastructure Maintenance: Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier since they do not need to be installed on each user’s computer and can be accessed from different places. So, it reduces the cost also. Low Cost: By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the services of cloud computing, an IT company need not set its infrastructure and pay-as-per-usage of resources. Services in pay-per-use mode: Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to the users so that they can access services on the cloud by using these APIs and pay the charges as per the usage of services. Application programming interfaces, or APIs, simplify sofiware development and innovation by enabling applications to exchange data and functionality easily and securely.Cloud Computing Foundation 117 arma Foundation see ea Se eae 3. Cloud Service Closes by Providers: and Risks of Cloud Services: chs : -7 Drawbas without its iss cloud computing is not plement relevant security standards ay, that their cloud environment remains sag critical files in virtual data centers ¢ Despite its many advantages, Most cloud service providers it industry certifications to ensure However, storing data and business cetially open up risks. Common risks na mature industry, we usually deal with one of a handful of known players that offer time-tested, reliable services. There is a possibility that | the cloud provider will run out of money and close its doors forever. The ‘more important the cloud is to the business, the more devastating a sudden provider shutdown will prove. This problem is magnified by the issue of cloud vendor lock-in, where migrating from one cloud vendor to another is difficult and expensive. are: pot 4 Data loss or theft + Data leakage 4 Account or service hijacking 4.5 MOVING To CLOUD COMPUTING Moving to cloud computing services means any person or business company wants to migrate theit data and computer infrastructure to clod based infrastructure and services. Data is an important asset of, today’s | business and the data should be available to the users as and when required. «[-, Due to the Intemet services available to everyone, the data is required by ‘There are 3 major disadvantageous or drawbacks or limitations of Cloud f° _users on the go. 4 Insecure interfaces and APIS + Denial of service attacks shared environments + Technology vulnerabilities, especiall} Services”, _ Cloud service provides data availability through the internet whenever it is |f needed, To move the on premise server and services to the cloud, they need, f to migrate the company’s IT infrastructure and services to the cloud. This ~f migration process will benefit the company in many ways. 1. Downtime: Downtime is perhaps the single greatest disadvantage of cloud computin, We're not talking about server downtime, but the Internet access going, down, As long as the Internet access is out, can’t do anything with the However, while the benefits of cloud migration — lowered costs, ified jications — ling, cloud. Robust mobile data plans can help to offset that problem tempor: simplified operations, aud faster rollout of applications are compelling, Then again, if the power is out, we have probably got bigger concerns than accessing the cloud services. small businesses must do their homework to ensure they can achieve those benefits while minimizing the associated risks. A detailed understanding of the costs of legacy and cloud will help establish the return on investment and identify priorities, Various factors are to be analysed, and risk factors are to be calculated before moving to cloud services, Migrating to the cloud can carry immense benefits, but it’s not something companies should stumble into without a plan, To achieve the best results from cloud migration, companies should understand the most falls and how to avoid them. Otherwise, the 2. Security: Security, at , is an advantage of cloud computing, but security | is also a disadvantage at a different level of cloud services. If we don't use basic digital security methods, cloud computing is about as secure ay leaving the laptop open at a coffee shop. Sect is one area whe puting advantages and disadvantages depends on at the issue, common cloud migration companies should face complications such as: