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Biodegradation and Detoxification of Micropollutants in

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Biodegradation and
Detoxification of
Micropollutants in Industrial
Wastewater
Edited by

Izharul Haq
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India

Ajay S. Kalamdhad
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,
Assam, India

Maulin P. Shah
Senior Environmental Microbiologist, Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, Bharuch, India
Copyright
Elsevier
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The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United
Kingdom
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Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any

form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
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system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on
how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s
permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such
as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing
Agency, can be found at our website:
www.elsevier.com/permissions.

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As
new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in
research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may
become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own

experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information,
methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using
such information or methods they should be mindful of their own
safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have
a professional responsibility.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors,
contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or
damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability,
negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material
herein.

ISBN: 978-0-323-88507-2

For Information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at

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Publisher: Susan Dennis

Acquisitions Editor: Anita Koch
Editorial Project Manager: Howi M. De Ramos
Production Project Manager: Kumar Anbazhagan
Cover Designer: Mark Rogers

Typeset by Aptara, New Delhi, India

Table of Contents

Cover Image

Title Page

Copyright

Table of Contents

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Evaluation of micro-pollutants removal from industrial

wastewater using conventional and advanced biological treatment
processes

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Types of micro-pollutants (MPs) in industrial wastewaters

and their toxic health effects
 1.3 Conventional biological treatment

1.4 Advanced biological treatment

1.5 Pros and cons of biological treatment process on MPs

removal over conventional ones

1.6 Future aspects of BWWTPs of large-scale MPs remediation

1.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Fate and occurrence of micro- and nano-plastic pollution

in industrial wastewater

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Micro- and nano-plastics in the environment

2.3 Structural difference between micro- and nano-plastics

2.4 Characterisation of micro- and nano-plastics

2.5 Techniques used for characterization of micro- and nano-

plastics from wastewater

2.6 Health hazards of microplastics and nanoplastics

2.7 Impact of micro- and nano-plastics in industrial wastewater

2.8 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References
Chapter 3 Biosensors as an effective tool for detection of emerging
water and wastewater pollutants

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Conventional methods of pollutants’ detection in wastewater

3.3 Biosensors

3.4 Advantages of biosensors over conventional detection

methods

3.5 Nanotechnology for biosensors

3.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 4 Removal of organic micro-pollutants by aerobic and

anaerobic microorganism

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Organic micropollutants

4.3 Effect of organic micropollutants on the environments

4.4 Different methods for the removal of organic micropollutants

4.5 Aerobic and anaerobic microorganism for the removal

of micropollutants

4.6 Limitations and future prospects

4.7 Conclusions

References
Chapter 5 Emerging dye contaminants of industrial origin and their
enzyme-assisted biodegradation

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Enzymes for dye degradation

5.3 Immobilized enzymes

5.4 Conclusions and future prospects

References

Chapter 6 An overview on the application of constructed wetlands

for the treatment of metallic wastewater

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Sources of metal pollution and its environmental implications

6.3 Environmental impacts

6.4 Treatment of metal-laden industrial wastewater

6.5 Constructed wetlands for heavy metal removal

6.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7 A glance over current status of waste management and

landfills across the globe: A review

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Global scenario of landfilling

 7.3 Indian scenario of landfilling

7.4 Land requirement for dumpsites

7.5 MSWM in developed and emerging countries: a comparative

analysis

7.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Micro and nanoplastic toxicity on aquatic life: fate, effect

and remediation strategy

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Extensive use of plastic in our daily life

8.3 Characterizations of MPs and NPs

8.4 Environmental behavior and fate of MPs and NPs

8.5 Impact of MPs and NPs on aquatic life ecosystem

8.6 Remediation of MPs and NPs from the aquatic system

8.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Endocrine-disrupting pollutants in domestic and

industrial wastewater: occurrence and removal by advanced
treatment system for wastewater reuse

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Sources, fate, and interaction of EDCs with biota

 9.3 Removal of EDCs via physical and chemical treatment

9.4 Nanomaterial assisted removal of EDCs

9.5 Polymer-based removal of EDCs

9.6 EDC bioremediation technologies

9.7 Conclusion and recommendation

Conflict of interest disclosures

Funding

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10 Use of microalgae for the removal of emerging

contaminants from wastewater

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Microalgae-based mechanism for degradation of pollutants

10.3 Removal strategies in micro algae based treatment

systems

10.4 Combined systems

10.5 Removal efficiency of various emerging contaminants by

microalgae

10.6 Biomass separation

10.7 Harvesting of algal biomass

10.8 Necessity of pre and post treatment of micro algae

 10.9 Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Bioaugmentation as a strategy for the removal of

emerging pollutants from wastewater

11.1 Introduction to bioremediation

11.2 Current bioremediation methods and their limitations

11.3 Nanoparticles for Bioaugmentation: Nanobioaugmentation

11.4 Current technological barriers in using nanoparticles

11.5 Future prospective and conclusion

References

Index
Contributors
Md. Anwaruzzaman
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Christy K Benny
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Sonali Bhardwaj
Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Shovendu Biswas
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Saswati Chakraborty
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Sunipa Deb
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Agartala, Tripura, India
Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Sougata Ghosh
Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University,
 p gy y
Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Aparna Gupta
Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South
Bihar, India
Md. Lawshan Habib
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Izharul Haq
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Md. Irfanul Haque
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
M. Mehedi Hasan
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Mohd. Tanzir Hossain
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Md Didarul Islam
National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
J Aravind
Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Omalur, Tamil Nadu, India
Ajay S. Kalamdhad
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Md. Kamruzzaman
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Dhriti Kapoor
Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara,
Punjab, India
Vijay Kumar
Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development,
Gwalior, MP, India
Kamaraj
Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical
Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University,
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Meem Muhtasim Mahdi
Environment and Natural Resources, School of Engineering and
Natural Sciences, Háskóli Íslands, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavík,
Iceland
Krishna Chaitanya Maturi
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Soma Nag
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology Agartala, Tripura, India
Snega Priya
Department of Medical Microbiology, SRM Medical College
Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
Nidhi Pareek
Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central
University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan,
India
Subhankar Paul
Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
Akshay Pawar
Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Praveen C Ramamurthy
Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian
Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
Sudhakar
Department of Biotechnology, PGP College of Arts and Science,
Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
Md. Nahidul Islam Sajol
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
Bishwarup Sarkar
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Simranjeet Singh
Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian
Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
Joginder Singh
Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University,
Phagwara, Punjab, India
Shweta Singh
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Guwahati, Assam, India
Prathap Somu
Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
Twinkle Soni
Microbial Catalysis and Process Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central
University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan,
India
V Vivekanand
Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of
Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Preface
The book titled Biodegradation and Detoxification of
Micropollutants in Industrial Wastewater mainly covers various
aspects of biodegradation of micropollutants while discussing their
toxic effects on humans and animals health and state-of-the-art
treatment technologies.
As evident globally, the industries are an imperative economic
sector in several countries around the world but, also notorious
polluters of the environment. The industry uses wide range of
technology, which varies among industries as well as within the
industry. These industries use large volume of water and different
chemicals during various operational and manufacturing processes
and generate a huge amount of toxic wastewater which is loaded
with many micropollutants. The wastewater generated in industries
is released into the environment with or without proper treatment
and affect aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystem and human being
also. Thus, there is an urgent need to cope with this challenge and
develop sustainable methods for treating/detoxifying wastewater
before its release into the environment.
This book mainly focuses on treatment of industrial wastewater
and its toxic effects on living organism. The individual chapters will
provide detailed information about the occurrence, source,
characteristics, toxicity and effects of industrial micropollutants on
living organism and environment and its biodegradation and
detoxification through various advanced treatment technologies. The
book is addressing new and emerging work in the field of
wastewater treatment system. Treatment of micropollutants is the
toughest task but it is necessary to remove these pollutants from
environment for the safety of humans and animals.
This book will boost the knowledge of students, researchers,
scientists, professors, engineer, and professionals who aspire to
work in the field of environmental science, environmental
biotechnology, environmental microbiology, environmental
engineering, eco-toxicology, and other relevant area of industrial
waste management for the safety of environment. In addition of this,
the readers of the book can also get the valuable information related
to various environmental problems and their solutions.
Editors
Izharul Haq
Ajay S. Kalamdhad
Maulin P. Shah
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the authors in compiling the pertinent information
required for chapter writing, which we believe will be a valuable
source for both the scientific community and the audience in general.
We are thankful to the expert reviewers for providing their useful
comments and scientific insights, which helped shape the chapter
organization and improved the scientific discussions, and overall
quality of the chapters. We sincerely thank the Elsevier production
team for their support in publishing this book. Last but not least, I’d
want to express my gratitude to my mother, a strong and
compassionate spirit, who taught me to trust in God, believe in hard
effort, and that a lot can be accomplished with a little, and my father,
for always encouraging and morally supporting me throughout my
life.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
 Microbiology - Field Notes
Winter 2024 - College

Prepared by: Dr. Smith

Date: August 12, 2025

Summary 1: Problem-solving strategies and techniques

Learning Objective 1: Ethical considerations and implications
• Theoretical framework and methodology
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[Figure 1: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 2: Learning outcomes and objectives
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Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 3: Historical development and evolution
• Key terms and definitions
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Learning Objective 4: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Experimental procedures and results
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Learning Objective 5: Literature review and discussion
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
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Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 5: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
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Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Current trends and future directions
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Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Learning outcomes and objectives
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Practice Problem 8: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
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[Figure 9: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
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Appendix 2: Key terms and definitions
Important: Historical development and evolution
• Experimental procedures and results
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- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Key terms and definitions
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• Practical applications and examples
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Example 14: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
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Example 15: Assessment criteria and rubrics
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Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Case studies and real-world applications
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Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
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Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
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• Practical applications and examples
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- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Part 3: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Important: Study tips and learning strategies
• Key terms and definitions
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[Figure 21: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Current trends and future directions
• Key terms and definitions
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- Note: Important consideration
Example 22: Current trends and future directions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 24: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 25: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 26: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Interdisciplinary approaches
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- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 27: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
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Definition: Key terms and definitions
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Quiz 4: Best practices and recommendations
Definition: Assessment criteria and rubrics
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Example 31: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Ethical considerations and implications
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- Note: Important consideration
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• Key terms and definitions
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- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Case studies and real-world applications
• Practical applications and examples
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[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 34: Case studies and real-world applications
• Best practices and recommendations
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- Note: Important consideration
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Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Research findings and conclusions
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Example 37: Current trends and future directions
• Experimental procedures and results
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Definition: Key terms and definitions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
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- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
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- Note: Important consideration
Summary 5: Fundamental concepts and principles
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
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- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 42: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
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• Theoretical framework and methodology
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Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Best practices and recommendations
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- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Study tips and learning strategies
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- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
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Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Study tips and learning strategies
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Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 49: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 49: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice 6: Interdisciplinary approaches
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
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- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 52: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
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Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Case studies and real-world applications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 55: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 56: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
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[Figure 57: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 57: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
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Example 59: Assessment criteria and rubrics
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[Figure 60: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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