AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Aggregate Function:
Aggregate functions are functions that take a
collection of values as input and return a single value.
Behavior of Aggregate Functions:
Operates - on a single column
Return - a single value.
Used only in the SELECT list and in the HAVING
clause.
BEHAVIOR OF AGGREGATE
FUNCTION CONTINUED…
Accepts:
DISTINCT : consider only distinct values of the
argument expression.
ALL : consider all values including all
duplicates.
Example: SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT column_name)
INPUT TO AGGREGATE FUNCTION
SUM and AVG :
Operates only on collections of numbers .
MIN , MAX and COUNT
Operates on collection of numeric and non-
numeric data types.
Each function eliminates NULL values and
operates on Non- null values.
STAFF
sno fname lname salary position
SL100 John White 30000.00 Manager
SL101 Susan Brand 24000.00 Manager
SL102 David Ford 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL103 Ann Beech 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL104 Mary Howe 9000.00 Project
Manager
SUM()
Returns: The sum of the values in a specified column.
Example: Find the total/sum of the Managers salary
Query:
SELECT SUM( salary) AS sum_salary
FROM Staff
WHERE position = ‘Manager’;
Result:
sum_salary
54000.00
AVG()
Returns: The average of the values in a specified column.
Example: Find the average of the Project Managers salary .
Query:
SELECT AVG( DISTINCT salary) AS avg_salary
FROM Staff
WHERE position = ‘Project Manager’;
Result:
avg_salary
10500.00 // Error in Result
// avg_salary = 11000.00
// What is wrong?
REVISED QUERY FOR AVG()
Query:
SELECT AVG(ALL salary) AS avg_salary
FROM Staff
WHERE position = ‘Project Manager’;
Result :
avg_salary
11000.00
CAUTION: Using DISTINCT and ALL in SUM() and AVG()
STAFF
sno fname lname salary position
SL100 John White 30000.00 Manager
SL101 Susan Brand 24000.00 Manager
SL102 David Ford 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL103 Ann Beech 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL104 Mary Howe 9000.00 Project
Manager
MIN() AND MAX()
Returns: MIN() returns the smallest value of a column.
MAX() returns the largest value of a column.
Example: Find the minimum and maximum staff salary.
Query:
SELECT MIN( salary) AS min_salary, MAX (salary) AS
max_salary
FROM Staff;
Result: min_salary max_salary
9000.00 30000.00
COUNT()
Returns: The number of values in the specified column.
Example: Count number of staffs who are Manager.
Query: SELECT COUNT(sno) AS sno_count
FROM Staff
WHERE position = ‘Manager’;
Result:
sno_count
2
USE OF COUNT() AND SUM()
Example: Find the total number of Managers and the sum of there
salary.
Query: SELECT COUNT( sno) AS sno_count , SUM(salary) AS
sum_salary
From Staff
WHERE position = ‘Manager’;
sno fname lname salary position
SL100 John White 30000.00 Manager
SL101 Susan Brand 24000.00 Manager
COUNT SUM
COUNT() AND SUM() CONTINUED
Result:
sno_count sum_salary
2 54000.00
STAFF
sno fname lname salary position
SL100 John White 30000.00 Manager
SL101 Susan Brand 24000.00 Manager
SL102 David Ford 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL103 Ann Beech 12000.00 Project
Manager
SL104 Mary Howe 9000.00 Project
Manager
COUNT(*)
Input: There is no input to this function.
Returns: It counts all the rows of a table , regardless of
whether Nulls or the duplicate occur.
Example: How many Project Manager salary is more than
9000.00
Query: SELECT COUNT(*) AS Count_Salary
FROM Staff
WHERE position = ‘Project Manager’ AND
salary > 9000.00
COUNT(*) CONTINUED…
Result:
Count_ Salary
2
