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 Rethinking the Relation between
Women and Psychoanalysis
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.
 Psychoanalytic Studies:
Clinical, Social, and Cultural Contexts
Series Editor:

Michael O’Loughlin, Adelphi University

Psychoanalytic Studies seeks psychoanalytically informed works addressing the implica-

tions of the location of the individual in clinical, social, cultural, historical, and ideologi-
cal contexts. Innovative theoretical and clinical works within psychoanalytic theory and in
fields such as anthropology, education, and history are welcome. Projects addressing
conflict, migrations, difference, ideology, subjectivity, memory, psychiatric suffering,
physical and symbolic violence, power, and the future of psychoanalysis itself are wel-
come, as are works illustrating critical and activist applications of clinical work.

See https://rowman.com/Action/SERIES/LEX/LEXPS for a list of advisory board

members.

Recent titles in the series:

Rethinking the Relation between Women and Psychoanalysis: Loss, Mourning, and the
Feminine, edited by Hada Soria Escalante
Lives Interrupted: Psychiatric Narratives of Struggle and Resilience, edited by Michael
O’Loughlin, Secil Arac-Orhun, and Montana Queler
Women and the Psychosocial Construction of Madness, edited by Marie Brown and
Marilyn Charles
Revisioning War Trauma in Cinema: Uncoming Communities, by Jessica Datema and
Manya Steinkoler
Women & Psychosis: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by Marie Brown and Marilyn
Charles
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

Psychoanalysis from the Indian Terroir: Emerging Themes in Culture, Family, and Child-
hood in India, edited by Manasi Kumar, Anup Dhar, and Anurag Mishra
A Three-Factor Model of Couples Psychotherapy: Projective Identification, Level of
Couple Object Relations, And Omnipotent Control, by Robert Mendelsohn
 Rethinking the Relation between
Women and Psychoanalysis

Loss, Mourning, and the Feminine

Edited by Hada Soria Escalante

Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

LEXINGTON BOOKS
Lanham • Boulder • New York • London
 Published by Lexington Books
An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowman.com

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Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2019 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any
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 Contents

Acknowledgments vii
Introduction: The Debt of Psychoanalysis to Women 1
Hada Soria Escalante

1 On Mourning’s End: Sacrificial Feminine Positions and Their

Intolerable Revelation Before the Death of the Father 7
Hada Soria Escalante
2 Phantoms of Foreclosed Mourning 29
Marilyn Charles
3 Devil! Sing Me the Blues . . .: Story of a Life Struggling to Be Born 55
Shalini Masih
4 Killing Death with Silence: Women in the Colombian Post-
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

Agreement Era 75
Angélica Toro Cardona
5 On the Construction of Maternity 93
Paola J. González Castro
6 The Sanguinary Dimension of Jealousy: Pain, Grief, and
Unbending Certainty 111
Mario Orozco Guzmán
7 Grief, Rêve, and Son-Au-Dela 141
Carolina Koretzky
8 On the Unconscious as Faith in Hidden Meaning at the Twilight
of Analysis 151
David Hafner

v
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

vi

Index
About the Contributors
Contents

185
177
 Acknowledgments

First of all, I would like to thank the authors of the book. Some friends and
fellow professors, all united by psychoanalysis, in spite of geographical dis-
tances. Drs. Mario Orozco, Marilyn Charles, Shalini Masih, Paola González,
Angélica Toro, Carolina Koretzky, and David Hafner. Your contributions
have brought variety and innovation to the subject of loss and the feminine.
Under all your singular perspectives, we have created a community inter-
ested in a contemporary psychoanalysis, one that questions the subject in
context.
I would like to thank University of Monterrey, particularly Dr. Alejando
Moreno Martínez, Dean of the School of Psychology, who, as director, but
also as a psychoanalyst and professor, showed interest in the main topic of
the book. I also thank Dr. Eduardo García Luna, Health Sciences Vice Chan-
cellor, who, along with Dr. Moreno, supported this ambitious project until it
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

became a tangible reality.

A special thanks to the team constituted by Karla Gómez, Juan Jaime de
la Fuente, and Luis Carlos Ramos for the editing work, and the detailed
revision of translations from Spanish to English. Thanks to Miriam Castella-
nos and Claudia Quintero for their revision of style and formatting.
I would like to thank Lexington Books and the Rowman & Littlefield
Publishing Group, especially to Michael O’Loughlin, Kasey Beduhn, and
Alison Keefner for their time and interest in this book. Their precise and
pertinent comments contributed significantly to the development of the final
manuscript.
Finally, I would like to thank personally to all who have contributed by
nourishing my interest and liking for the research in and from psychoanaly-
sis. It is from this genuine joy that the book proposal emerged.

vii
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.
 Introduction
The Debt of Psychoanalysis to Women

Hada Soria Escalante

Rethinking the Relation between Women and Psychoanalysis: Loss, Mourn-

ing, and the Feminine is a book assembled of psychoanalytic research. It is
an effort of eight authors to account the complexity of the loss in its relation-
ship with femininity in the contemporary era. Psychoanalysis, in its dialogue
with the sociocultural context, will be the conductive line set in each of the
chapters. From this perspective, there is no possible contemporary psycho-
analysis without appealing to the context, just as there is no possible social
context, without questioning the singularity of desire. This is the psychoso-
cial perspective of the conjuncture proposed throughout the book.
We do not speak of a mourning “of women,” nor of a loss by feminine
definition, because that would make us fall into one of the many barren
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

efforts to capture that which could not be grasped of the woman, some of
them suggested by psychoanalysis itself. Instead, we raise the question about
the position of women in the face of their losses currently and today in
different contexts. 1 Women are defined from themselves, from their desire,
declaration/declaring of announcement from the lack and loss. To speak of
loss is then to speak of desire, to think of women beyond the terms inaugurat-
ed by the original castration outlined by Freud. Therefore, psychoanalysis
has a debt with women, particularly with the recognition of a function of the
women’s desire once it has been released and sometimes even liberated from
the phallic norm. Apart from the many discussions and attempts to conceptu-
alize, apprehend the woman and the feminine, and make it into a category, in
this book we seek a different position, one that goes beyond any possible
capture, it does not intend to respond to this impossible task that has been
dealt with beforehand. We appeal to the subjective positions of women in the
1
 2 Hada Soria Escalante

presence of their own desire and the desire of others, the opening of desire
takes place from the encounter with loss.
The text is constituted in this way as an invitation to interrogate about the
loss and what the female subject does in function of it. This suggestion arises
in the Laboratory of Psychoanalytic Theory and Clinical Studies of the Sub-
ject and the Culture, of the School of Psychology of the University of Mon-
terrey (Mexico), as an opening to the research line of Hada Soria Escalante,
about loss and sociocultural contexts. That is why we called upon a wide
diversity of voices in the field of psychoanalysis. Those who responded:
Marilyn Charles (Austen Riggs Center), Shalini Masih (Universtiy of Delhi),
Carolina Koretzky (University of Paris VIII), Angélica Toro (University of
Rennes II), Mario Orozco (Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hi-
dalgo), as well as Paola González and David Hafner (University of Monter-
rey); all speaking from the ethics of psychoanalysis that unites us, as a
clinical and investigative practice.
From the singularity of each author’s vision and understanding, funda-
mental themes are broadly presented, which invite to a rethinking regarding
women and loss from a contemporary psychoanalytic point of view that does
not seek to disavow its past. This supposes, on first instance, an appeal
toward the particularity of each theoretical perspective presented in each of
this book’s eight chapters. As a whole, these chapters attempt to point toward
a precise issue, which constitutes a debt owed to women by psychoanalysis:
to restitute their right place as desiring subjects, not as objects of desire or
subjects of the other’s desire (as subjects inhabited by the other’s desire). To
question this, we recur to the subjective positions that are generated by lack,
the loss which puts into question the nucleus of desire, as well as subjectivity
itself.
In this way, the journey through this chapters highlights a freedom of
writing that manages to hold a common thread, which takes us from one
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

elaboration toward the other, just as the sliding of signifiers in the subject of
language. Each chapter goes from a position on women and loss to derive
associatively toward another, establishing connections between chapters, as
well as tensions and resolutions. This work is supported by the pillars of
psychoanalytic ethics, and through them it speaks about various ways in
which women position themselves in relation to their losses, going beyond a
mere reprint of the Freudian reading that postulates an original/originary
lack.
In chapter 1, Hada Soria Escalante inquiries into the intolerable revelation
of many women’s place in the world, on the basis of an unbearable loss, that
of the father, specifically the father’s love that drags away the narcissistic
remains of a grief begun but unfinished. The death of the father reveals the
dual woman-daughter position subjected to the designs of interior voices in
stalemate with the external demands of what it means to be a woman. The
 Introduction 3

mourning undertaken for the loss of a beloved entails a fundamental ques-

tioning on the female subjects’ worldly place, such that its interruption dis-
closes the unacceptable eruption of the Other’s desire in opposition with
one’s own. As this non-mourning, or the interruption of mourning, implies an
unconscious evaluation of the beloved, a woman faced with loss may choose
to detach from her ideal self. The father’s death and accompanying loss of
mourning illustrate an authentic occurrence.
In chapter 2, Marilyn Charles questions how women can get caught at the
crossroads of very different cultural expectations; to be subservient to the
needs and desires of men versus the more difficult challenge of discovering
and fulfilling her own. The latter is complicated by cultural messages that
make the latter course dangerous. In spite of changing ideas about women’s
sexuality, cultural pressures still invite a sense of guilt that can make it
difficult to find one’s own desire, which also makes it more difficult to say
no to the desire of the other. Those oppressive injunctions can be seen as one
means for managing the power of the maternal imago. By using illustrations
from film and from literature, the author explores ways in which the enigmat-
ic message of maternal abjection has invited women to subjugate themselves
in relation to grieving processes that too easily become perverse rather than
transformative.
In chapter 3, Shalini Masih inquires, through the life story of a young
married woman observed over a long period of time, how seemingly ordinary
difficulties for her, in Indian context, slowly begin to give way to the “extra”
in this “ordinariness,” thus sharpening her image as helplessly “possessed”
by a dark devilish force from within. Sometimes this internal demon appears
stronger, sucking from her peculiar familial matrix, uncannily invoking the
grotesque images from strangely familiar labyrinths of past. While tossing
and turning in her nightmarish life characters like the mother, father, mother-
in-law, creative work and muse at times appear misty like ghosts, and at
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

other times they seem relatively well bounded. In surreptitious affair with an
internal devil, she struggles to live creatively. The author is positioned here
as a researcher, a listener, merely receiving the narrative of a struggling life
and witnessing how peculiar psychosocial matrix shapes an inner life, how
shadows of this inner life fall in the space of a coupledom where these
shadows, once cast beg to be rescued through some transformation.
In chapter 4, Angélica Toro addresses the question of the feminine and
loss from testimonies of women involved in the armed conflict in Colombia.
The author studies the theme of mourning and loss from two contemporary
feminine figures that belong to a period following the signing of the peace
treaty with the FARC, denominated as “post-agreement”: the old combatants
and the victims. Obliged for years to put aside their lives as women, wives,
mothers—considered incompatible with the life of the guerrillas—the sign-
ing of the agreement confronted us with the appearance of these “femininities
 4 Hada Soria Escalante

in suspense,” which implied for many of them the dimension of a renuncia-

tion, even of a loss.
In chapter 5, Paola González interrogates how something of the feminine
is lost with a child’s birth, so that a mother may also be born. The sociocultu-
ral conditions in which the puerperal moment is inscribed provide support
during this moment of subjective mutation. Although these symbolic under-
pinnings cannot completely insulate from the vicissitudes of the postpartum,
they at least constitute pillars protecting women during this redefinition.
Prior to the various waves of feminism, popular culture often equates femi-
ninity with maternity, as though the reproductive capacity possessed by fe-
male subjects were a clear, univocal path toward self-fulfillment; such
thought supposes that the nature of the feminine culminates in motherhood.
One speaks of maternal instinct, the mother archetype, of Mother Nature,
with the primary function of veiling our eyes from the calamitous possibil-
ities of the reclamation of the newborn in perverse or infanticidal versions.
Psychoanalysis has broken with this ideal and demonstrated that wherever
language reigns, natural instinct alone doesn’t suffice to sustain the function
of the mother in interpersonal relations.
In chapter 6, Mario Orozco addresses the configuration and scope of
violence of the passion of jealousy in three moments, involving the narcissis-
tic dimension of loss and its double constituents of pain and grief. The author
explores three surges of jealous rage in the figures of Oedipal death vows, the
projection of desire-responsibility, and a demolishing certainty. During a
second moment, he focuses on amorous preference from the viewpoint of the
Other’s discourse, overflowing with myths and dreams, as an inciting factor
in jealousy. Thirdly, the author opens the way for the insertion of jealous
certainty dependent on the function of the ardent jealousy of fidelity. The
quintessential case of the alleged serial killer, Vera Renczi, illustrates the
entwined knot of a devouring, jealous love and a zeal for an ideal which
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

dredges up a pleasure beyond the phallic coupling.

In chapter 7, Carolina Kotezky takes as a starting point a dream analyzed
by Freud: “the dream of the dead father.” The place of the father loses value
in the structuration and normalization of desire, thus opening a path toward a
conceptualization of desire that goes beyond the father. This reading allows
readers to orient in the analytic endeavor with a subject that has traversed
through a mourning process. The author shows how, in the course of Lacan’s
teaching, he shows that the analytic work in regards to mourning allows us to
go from a type of love that was sustained by the narcissistic image toward an
object that he defined with the term of “a,” designating with this a function:
being the cause of desire. The theory of mourning is strictly linked to ad-
vances and conceptualizations about the object in Lacan’s teachings: the pain
of losing a loved one, passing through that which the subject lost as a result
of the other’s disappearance, until reaching the question of which object have
 Introduction 5

I been to the other that I lost. This last finding orients the analytic cure in
search of distinction between the narcissistic image and the object-cause of
the other. The emergence of this irreducible remainder appears as the condi-
tion and the necessary way to elaborate mourning and to reactivate desire.
In chapter 8, David Hafner addresses how dreams are fragmented and
fragmenting; we find in them the most blatant paradoxes, where impossible
is nothing. Resisting realist knowledge in favor of elaborating our truer moti-
vations, they reveal us as moral relativists, showing the idiosyncratic funda-
mentalism grounding our ethics. Freudian psychoanalysis rests on a few
fundamental discoveries. Dreams include but are not limited to the notion
that life is fundamentally suffering, and many humans choose partial blind-
ness over conflictual truth, that the human condition involves unresolvable
otherness, that though language distorts thought it rarely if ever depicts with
precision a given qualia (a dreaming experience), and that the endless variety
of symptoms found in the psychoanalysis are singular responses to underly-
ing painful conditions of humanity. Though we typically understand dreams
as unconscious formations, toward the end of analysis we come across an-
other style of dream. Simply put, dreams at the end of analysis are not
encrypted formations of the unconscious to be recounted in stream of con-
sciousness; they are the paradoxical statements of how partial objects relate.
As they become denser and more compact they reduce down to the grammar
of unconscious fantasy. One dreamer sees a piece of meat in a frying pan
moving and asks, “but how could it move, c’est cuite?” Or another, whose
life was saved by analysis, dreams of walking through the valley of death
with vultures circling overhead. Or another, dozing, waiting alone for the
next session, sees a woman abruptly swoop down in front, grabbing his
throat with her hand while commanding, “come.” These dreams are not
dreams for interpretation, they are transparent. They are without the anxiety
of the refusal of subjective division.
Copyright © 2019. Lexington Books. All rights reserved.

The ensemble of these eight chapters, in accordance with the ethics of

psychoanalysis, seeks to give voice to desire from the losses of women,
painful and amorous losses, in the course of their lives. The reader will find
the theoretical rigor expected from the chapters derived from research, but at
the same time these chapters contain the possibility of being read and con-
sulted by professionals outside of the psychoanalytic field. The themes inter-
twine with the purpose of not rushing into conclusions, but rather invite
exploration of the contemporary conditions of mourning. This book speaks
through multiple voices and seeks to restore the women’s voice in facing
their losses, it presents itself as unique in its type, seeking to reconcile
psychoanalysis with the voice of women. The pain of mourning is also the
pain of openness and creation, of (re)positioning oneself toward one’s own
desire, we attempt to show this theme throughout the whole text, showing
women in movement, women dancing around the void.
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