Revitalising Waqf for

Inclusive Social Welfare: A

Collaborative Development
Model in a Pluralistic Society
(PART 1)
Dr. Abdullahi Shuaib, MCIoD, FIFP, CSAA, CISSA, CIB
Lead Consultant
AS & ASSOCIATES
@
Z & S Waqf Foundation Webinar
Sunday August 24, 2025
Zoom
Outline
• Understanding Waqf and Its Historical
Significance
• Challenges Facing Contemporary Waqf
Implementation
• Collaborative Approaches to Revitalising
Waqf
• Waqf for Inclusive Social Welfare in a
Pluralistic Society
• Recommendations
2
Understanding
Waqf and Its
Historical
Significance
Definition and Origin of Waqf
Concept of Waqf
• Waqf (endowment) is the dedication of an
asset for charitable or religious purposes,
where the capital remains intact, and
benefits are directed towards social good

﴾‫• ﴿ﻟَﻦ ﺗَـﻨَﺎﻟُﻮا اﻟِْ ﱠﱪ َﺣ ﱠ ٰﱴ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﳑﱠﺎ ُِﲢﺒﱡﻮ َن ۚ َوَﻣﺎ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﻣﻦ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن ا ﱠَ ﺑِِﻪ َﻋﻠِ ٌﻴﻢ‬
• “Never will you attain the good [reward]
until you spend from that which you love.
And whatever you spend – indeed, Allah is
Knowing of it.” (Q3:92)
4
 • Waqf originated in early Islamic
history as a means to support social
welfare activities and religious
institutions
1. Foundational evidences from the
Historical Origins Qur’an for Waqf (perpetual charity),
preservation of wealth for public
of Waqf good, and institutionalized giving
abounds but not strictly mentioned
as waqf

5
  Charity as a lasting spiritual investment
Historical Origins ُ‫ﺖ َﺳْﺒ َﻊ َﺳﻨَﺎﺑِ َﻞ ِﰲ ُﻛ ِّﻞ ُﺳﻨﺒُـﻠَ ٍﺔ ِّﻣﺎﺋَﺔ‬ ٍ ِ ِ ‫• ﴿ ﱠﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﱠ ِﺬ‬
ْ َ‫ﻳﻦ ﻳُﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮ َن أ َْﻣ َﻮا َﳍُْﻢ ِﰲ َﺳﺒِ ِﻴﻞ ا ﱠ َﻛ َﻤﺜَ ِﻞ َﺣﺒﱠﺔ أَﻧﺒَـﺘ‬
َ َُ
ِ ِ
﴾‫ﻒ ﻟ َﻤﻦ ﻳَ َﺸﺎءُ ۗ َوا ﱠُ َواﺳ ٌﻊ َﻋﻠ ٌﻴﻢ‬ ِ ِ ٍ
of Waqf Cont’d ُ ‫ﻀﺎﻋ‬ َ ُ‫َﺣﺒﱠﺔ ۗ َوا ﱠُ ﻳ‬
• “The example of those who spend their wealth in the
way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows
seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And
Allah multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills. And
Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing” (Q2: 261)
 Righteousness through giving of beloved wealth
﴾‫﴿ﻟَﻦ ﺗَـﻨَﺎﻟُﻮا اﻟِْ ﱠﱪ َﺣ ﱠ ٰﱴ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﳑﱠﺎ ُِﲢﺒﱡﻮ َن ۚ َوَﻣﺎ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﻣﻦ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن ا ﱠَ ﺑِِﻪ َﻋﻠِ ٌﻴﻢ‬ •

• “Never will you attain the good [reward] until you

spend [in the way of Allah] from that which you love.
And whatever you spend - indeed, Allah is Knowing
of it” (Q3: 92)

6
 2. Prophetic Guidance on Perpetual
Charity
i. Ṣadaqah Jāriyah (Ongoing
Charity)
• “When a human being dies, all his
deeds cease except three: ongoing
‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ‬ ِ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ َ ‫ أَ ﱠن َر ُﺳ‬،‫َﻋ ْﻦ أَِﰊ ُﻫَﺮﻳْـَﺮَة‬
َ charity (ṣadaqah jāriyah),
‫ﻧﺴﺎ ُن اِﻧْـ َﻘﻄَ َﻊ َﻋ َﻤﻠُ ُﻪ‬ َ
ِْ ‫ﺎت‬
‫اﻹ‬ َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
َ ِ‫ إ‬:‫وﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻗَ َﺎل‬
َ ََ
‫ أ َْو ِﻋﻠْ ٍﻢ ﻳـُْﻨـﺘَـ َﻔ ُﻊ‬،‫ﺻ َﺪﻗٍَﺔ َﺟﺎ ِرﻳٍَﺔ‬ َ : ٍَ‫إِﱠﻻ ِﻣﻦ ﺛََﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ْ
beneficial knowledge, or a
ِ
‫ﺻﺎﻟ ٍﺢ ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﻋﻮ ﻟَ ُﻪ‬ ٍ
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ‬
َ‫و‬ ‫َو‬‫أ‬ ، ِِ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬ righteous child who prays for him”
َ َ ْ
(Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1631)
7
 2. Prophetic Guidance on Perpetual Charity (Cont’d)
ii.ʿUmar’s Waqf of Khaybar Land
• Narrated by Ibn ʿUmar: “ʿUmar obtained land at
Khaybar. He came to the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬and asked him
about it. The Prophet said:
ِ
‫ﺖ‬ َ ْ‫ﺼ ﱠﺪﻗ‬ َ َ‫َﺻﻠَ َﻬﺎ َوﺗ‬
ْ‫ﺖأ‬ َ ‫ﺖ َﺣﺒَ ْﺴ‬ َ ‫ »إِ ْن ﺷْﺌ‬:‫‘ • ﻗَ َﺎل‬If you like, you can keep the property but give its
‫ َوَﻻ‬،ُ‫ أَﻧﱠﻪُ َﻻ ﻳـُﺒَﺎع‬،‫ﱠق َِﺎ ﻋُ َﻤُﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺼﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ‫ـ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ، « ‫ﺎ‬َ
ِ fruits in charity.’ So ʿUmar gave it in charity on the
،‫ﱠق َِﺎ ِﰲ اﻟْ ُﻔ َﻘَﺮ ِاء‬َ ‫ﺼﺪ‬َ َ‫ َوﺗ‬،‫ث‬ُ ‫ﻮر‬َ ُ‫ َوَﻻ ﻳ‬،‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫ﻮﻫ‬
َ ُ‫ﻳ‬ condition that it would not be sold, inherited, or
ِ، ‫ وِﰲ ﺳﺒِﻴ ِﻞ ا ﱠ‬،‫ﺎب‬ ِ َ‫اﻟﺮﻗ‬
ِّ ‫ َوِﰲ‬،‫َوِﰲ اﻟْ ُﻘْﺮَﰉ‬
َ َ given away. He devoted it to the poor, relatives,
ِ ِ
‫ﺎح َﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ َ َ‫ َﻻ ُﺟﻨ‬،‫ َواﻟﻀْﱠﻴﻒ‬،‫َواﺑْ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒ ِﻴﻞ‬ freeing of slaves, in the path of Allah, wayfarers
‫ أ َْو ﻳُﻄْعِ َﻢ‬،‫وف‬ ِ ‫وﻟِﻴـﻬﺎ أَ ْن ْ ُﻛﻞ ِﻣْﻨـﻬﺎ ِ ﻟْﻤعﺮ‬
ُْ َ َ َ َ ََ َ
ِ‫ﺻ ِﺪﻳ ًﻘﺎ َﻏﲑ ﻣﺘَﻤ ِﻮٍل ﻓِﻴﻪ‬ and guests,…” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 2737;
ّ َ ُ َْ َ
Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1632)
8
3. Early Practical Models of
Waqf
 Waqf - a systemized
institution in Madinah
and beyond
i. Masajid as the first
waqf institutions

9
 3. Early Practical Models of Waqf Cont’d
ii. Bi’r Rūmah ʿUthmān’s:
• A man sold water at high prices in
Madinah. The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Who will buy
the well of Rūmah and give water to the
Muslims in exchange for something better
:‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﻗَ َﺎل رﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ َُ in Paradise?” ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān bought it
ِ
َ ‫) َﻣ ْﻦ ﻳَ ْﺸ َِﱰي ﺑْﺌـَﺮ ُر‬
ُ‫وﻣ َﺔ ﻓَـﻴَ ْﺠ َع ُﻞ َدﻟْ َﻮﻩ‬ and made it a waqf for public use.” (Sunan
‫ ِﲞٍَْﲑ ﻟَﻪُ ِﻣْﻨـ َﻬﺎ‬،‫ﲔ‬ ِ ِ‫ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ِدَﻻ ِء اﻟْﻤﺴﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬
َ ُْ ََ َ al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 3703; Sahih al-Bukhari,
‫اﳉَﻨ ِﱠﺔ؟( ﻓَﺎ ْﺷ ََﱰ َاﻫﺎ ﻋُﺜْ َﻤﺎ ُن ﺑْ ُﻦ َﻋ ﱠﻔﺎ َن‬
ْ ‫ِﰲ‬
‫َر ِﺿ َﻲ ﷲُ َﻋْﻨﻪُ ﻓَ َﺠ َعﻠَ َﻬﺎ َوﻗْـ ًﻔﺎ ﻟِﻠْ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤﲔ‬ in context of virtues of ʿUthmān)

10
3. Early Practical Models of
Waqf Cont’d
iii. Agricultural Land
Endowments:
• Many Companions
endowed orchards and
fields
• For example, Abu Ṭalḥa
al-Anṣārī (RA) had the
famous orchard of
Bayruḥāʾ in Madinah
11
3. Early Practical Models of
Waqf Cont’d
iv. Support for Education and
Learning

12
4. Core Characteristics Emerging from
Origins
 From these origins, the defining
features of waqf came to light, such as:

• Permanence

• Charitable purpose

• Accountability

• Inclusivity
13
 Social
Contributions
of Waqf

14
 1. Funding Religious Institutions

• Waqf funds supports masajid and religious spaces

‫ﺶ إِﱠﻻ‬ْ‫ﳜ‬َ ‫ﱂ‬
َ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
َ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺰ‬
َ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﺗ‬‫آ‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬
َ ‫ﻼ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫ﻗ‬
َ َ
‫أ‬‫و‬ ِ
‫ﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺟ َﺪ ا ﱠِ ﻣﻦ آﻣﻦ ِ ﱠِ واﻟْﻴـﻮِم ْاﻵ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ِ ‫• ﴿إِﱠﳕَﺎ ﻳـعﻤﺮ ﻣﺴ‬
َ َْ َ َ َ َْ َ ََ َْ َ َ ُُ َْ
﴾‫ﻳﻦ‬ ِ ‫ا ﱠ ۖ ﻓَـعﺴﻰ أُوٰﻟَﺌِﻚ أَن ﻳ ُﻜﻮﻧُﻮا ِﻣﻦ اﻟْﻤﻬﺘ‬
‫ﺪ‬
َ َْ ُ َ َ َ ََٰ َ
• “The masajid of Allah are only to be maintained by
those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and
establish prayer and give zakah and do not fear
except Allah, for it is expected that those will be of
the [rightly] guided” (Q9:18)
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Whoever builds a masjid for :‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ ِ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ‬
ِ َ ِ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲎ ِﱠِ ﻣ‬
Allah, Allah will build for him a house in Paradise.” ‫ﺴﺠ ًﺪا ﺑَ َﲎ ا ﱠُ ﻟَﻪُ ﻣﺜْـﻠَﻪُ ِﰲ‬
ْ َ َ َِ ْ َ
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 8, Hadith 441; Sahih ‫اﳉَﻨﱠﺔ‬
ْ
Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 1085) 15
2. Supporting Education
• Waqf has been one of the most enduring instruments for expanding
access to education, from elementary madrasahs to great universities
like Al-Qarawiyyin (Morocco, 859 CE) and Al-Azhar (Egypt, 970 CE)
ِ ‫ﻗُﻞ َﻫﻞ ﻳﺴﺘَ ِﻮي اﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳﻦ ﻳـ ْعﻠَﻤﻮ َن واﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳﻦ َﻻ ﻳـ ْعﻠَﻤﻮ َن ۗ إِﱠﳕَﺎ ﻳـﺘَ َﺬ ﱠﻛﺮ أُوﻟُﻮ ْاﻷَﻟْﺒ‬...﴿ •
﴾‫ﺎب‬َ ُ َ ُ َ َ َ ُ ََ َْ ْ ْ
• Say, "Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" Only they
will remember [who are] people of understanding” (Q39:9)

• Sahih Muslim, Book 13, Hadith

4005 on when the son of man
dies…

16
3. Healthcare Contributions

• Waqf has been a historical backbone of

healthcare
‫ﺲ أ َْو‬ ٍ ‫ﻚ َﻛﺘَـْﺒـﻨَﺎ َﻋﻠَ ٰﻰ ﺑَِﲏ إِ ْﺳَﺮاﺋِﻴﻞ أَﻧﱠﻪُ َﻣﻦ ﻗَـﺘَﻞ ﻧَـ ْﻔ ًﺴﺎ ﺑِﻐَ ِْﲑ ﻧَـ ْﻔ‬ ِ‫﴿ﻣﻦ أَﺟ ِﻞ َٰذﻟ‬ ِ •
َ َ َ ْ ْ
‫ﲨ ًﻴعﺎ‬َِ ‫ﲨﻴعﺎ وﻣﻦ أَﺣﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻓَ َﻜﺄَﱠﳕَﺎ أَﺣﻴﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‬ َِ ‫ض ﻓَ َﻜﺄَﱠﳕَﺎ ﻗَـﺘَﻞ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‬ ِ ‫َر‬‫اﻷ‬
ْ ‫ﰲ‬ِ ٍ ‫ﻓَﺴ‬
‫ﺎد‬
َ َْ َ َْ ْ ََ ً َ َ ْ َ
...
• “Because of that, We decreed upon the Children
of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a
soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as
if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever
saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind
entirely” (Q5:32)
17
 Awqaf
Hospitals in
Istanbul,
Turkey

18
4. Charitable Activities

• Waqf funds shelters, water wells/boreholes,

food distribution, marriage for orphans, and care
for widows and the elderly
﴾‫• ﴿ﻟَﻦ ﺗَـﻨَﺎﻟُﻮا اﻟِْ ﱠﱪ َﺣ ﱠ ٰﱴ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﳑﱠﺎ ُِﲢﺒﱡﻮ َن ۚ َوَﻣﺎ ﺗُ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﻣﻦ َﺷ ْﻲ ٍء ﻓَِﺈ ﱠن ا ﱠَ ﺑِِﻪ َﻋﻠِ ٌﻴﻢ‬
• “Never will you attain the good [reward] until you
spend [in the way of Allah] from that which you love.
And whatever you spend - indeed, Allah is Knowing
of it” (Q3:92)
ِ ‫ﱠﺎس إِ َﱃ ا ﱠِ أَﻧْـ َﻔعُ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻟِﻠﻨ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‬ ‫ »أَ َﺣ ﱡ‬:‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺐ اﻟﻨ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺎل رﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ ُ َ َ َ‫• ﻗ‬
• “The most beloved of people to Allah are those
who are most beneficial to people” (Reported in
al-Mu‘jam al-Awsat by al-Tabarani, graded
Hasan by al-Albani)
19
Waqf in
Pluralistic and
Multicultural
Context
 • Waqf evolves to address diverse
community needs, even supporting
non-Muslim communities under Muslim
governance (e.g., Christian schools and
Jewish synagogues in Ottoman lands
supported through waqf)
Waqf Adaptation ‫ﺎﻫﻢ ِّﻣ َﻦ‬
ُ َ‫ﺎﻫ ْﻢ ِﰲ اﻟَِّْﱪ َواﻟْﺒَ ْح ِﺮ َوَرَزﻗْـﻨ‬ َ ‫﴿وﻟَ َﻘ ْﺪ َﻛﱠﺮْﻣﻨَﺎ ﺑَِﲏ‬
ُ َ‫آد َم َو َﲪَﻠْﻨ‬ َ •
ِ ‫ﻀﻠْﻨَﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠَ ٰﻰ َﻛﺜِ ٍﲑ ِّﳑﱠﻦ ﺧﻠَ ْﻘﻨَﺎ ﺗَـ ْﻔ‬ ِ
﴾‫ﻀ ًﻴﻼ‬ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ‫اﻟﻄﱠﻴِّﺒَﺎت َوﻓَ ﱠ‬
• “And We have certainly honoured the
children of Adam and carried them on
the land and sea and provided for them
of the good things and preferred them
over much of what We have created,
with [definite] preference” (Q17:70) 21
 • By funding public works like
roads, fountains, and roadside
inn, waqf promotes inclusivity,
ensuring benefits goes beyond
faith boundaries
Promoting ،ِ‫ﺎل ا ﱠ‬
ُ َ‫اﳋَْﻠ ُق ِﻋﻴ‬
ْ » :‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ ِ ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل رﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ َُ
Inclusivity ‫اﳋَْﻠ ِق إِ َﱃ ا ﱠِ أَﻧْـ َﻔعُ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﻟِعِﻴَﺎﻟِِﻪ‬
ْ ‫ﺐ‬‫َﺣ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ﻓَﺄ‬
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “The creation
is [like] the dependents of Allah;
and the most beloved to Allah are
those who are most beneficial to
His dependents” (Al-Bayhaqi,
Shu‘ab al-Iman, graded Hasan)
22
 Addressing Waqf initiatives move beyond
strictly religious functions to
Social include education, housing,
Needs sanitation, healthcare, and
women’s empowerment
‫َﻧﻔ ُﻘﻮا ِﰲ َﺳﺒِ ِﻴﻞ ا ﱠِ َوَﻻ‬ ِ ‫• ﴿وأ‬
َ The adaptability of waqf ensure
ۛ ‫ﱠﻬﻠُ َﻜ ِﺔ‬ ِ
ْ ‫ﺗُـﻠْ ُﻘﻮا َِﻳْﺪﻳ ُﻜ ْﻢ إِ َﱃ اﻟﺘـ‬ that it remain relevant across
‫َﺣ ِﺴﻨُﻮا ۛ إِ ﱠن ا ﱠَ ُِﳛ ﱡ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ ‫َوأ‬ centuries and cultures,
﴾‫ﲔ‬ ِِ
َ ‫اﻟْ ُﻤ ْحﺴﻨ‬ addressing emerging social
challenges in a pluralistic world

• “And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own]
hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allah loves the
doers of good” (Q2:195) 23
 Challenges Facing
Contemporary Waqf
Implementation

24
 Legal and • Waqf management often suffers from
Regulatory Barriers complex, fragmented and outdated
legal frameworks which makes waqf
institutions not to operate effectively
﴾‫ﻴﻤﻮا اﻟْ َﻮْز َن ِ ﻟْ ِﻘ ْﺴ ِط َوَﻻ ُﲣْ ِﺴُﺮوا اﻟْ ِﻤ َﻴﺰا َن‬ِ‫• ﴿وأَﻗ‬
ُ َ
• “And establish weight in justice and
do not make deficient the balance”
(Q55:9)

25
 • Many waqf institutions are restricted from
investing or redeveloping their assets, which
prevents them from generating sustainable
income
• Instead, waqf lands remain idle or
Restricted underutilized
Asset ‫ﻮﻫ ْﻢ ﻓِ َﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬
ُ ‫ز‬
ُ‫ار‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫• ﴿وَﻻ ﺗُـﺆﺗُﻮا اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻔﻬﺎء أَﻣﻮاﻟَ ُﻜﻢ اﻟﱠِﱵ ﺟعﻞ ا ﱠ ﻟَ ُﻜﻢ ﻗ‬
ُ ْ َ ً َ ْ ُ َ ََ ُ َْ َ َ ْ َ
Management ﴾‫ﻮﻫ ْﻢ َوﻗُﻮﻟُﻮا َﳍُْﻢ ﻗَـ ْﻮًﻻ ﱠﻣ ْعُﺮوﻓًﺎ‬
ُ ‫َوا ْﻛ ُﺴ‬
• “And do not give the weak-minded your property,
which Allah has made a means of sustenance for
you, but provide for them with it and clothe them
and speak to them words of appropriate
kindness” (Q4:5)
26
 Restricted
Asset
Management
Cont’d ‫َﺣ ُﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ َﻋ َﻤ ًﻼ‬ ِ ِ ‫ )إِ ﱠن ا ﱠ ُِﳛ ﱡ‬:‫ﻮل ا ﱠِ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠَﻴ ِﻪ وﺳﻠﱠﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺐ إ َذا َﻋﻤ َﻞ أ‬ َ َ ََ َْ ُ َ ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ‬
(ُ‫أَ ْن ﻳـُْﺘ ِﻘﻨَﻪ‬
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Allah loves that when
anyone of you does a job, he should
perfect it” (Reported in al-Bayhaqi in
Shu‘ab al-Imān, graded Hasan)

27
 • Inconsistent regulations and weak
governance structures often result
in corruption, embezzlement, or
Reduced poor record-keeping in waqf
institutions
Transparency ‫ت إِ َ ٰﱃ أ َْﻫﻠِ َﻬﺎ َوإِ َذا َﺣ َﻜ ْﻤﺘُﻢ‬
ِ َ ‫• ﴿إِ ﱠن ا ﱠ ْﻣﺮُﻛﻢ أَن ﺗُـﺆﱡدوا ْاﻷَﻣﺎ‬
َ َ ْ ُُ َ َ
and ِ ِ ِ ِ
‫ﱠﺎس أَن َْﲢ ُﻜ ُﻤﻮا ِ ﻟْ َع ْﺪ ِل ۚ إِ ﱠن ا ﱠَ ﻧع ﱠﻤﺎ ﻳَعظُ ُﻜﻢ ﺑِﻪ ۗ إِ ﱠن‬
ِ ‫ﲔ اﻟﻨ‬َ َْ‫ﺑ‬
﴾‫ﺼ ًﲑا‬ ِ ‫ا ﱠ َﻛﺎ َن َِﲰﻴعﺎ ﺑ‬
Accountability َ ً َ
• “Indeed, Allah commands you to
render trusts to whom they are due
and when you judge between
people to judge with justice.
Excellent is that which Allah
instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever
Hearing and Seeing” (Q4:58) 28
 ‫ول َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‪ُ » :‬ﻛﻠﱡ ُﻜ ْﻢ َر ٍاع َوُﻛﻠﱡ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺆ ٌ‬ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠِ‬ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫ول‬‫ول َﻋ ْﻦ َر ِﻋﻴﱠﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬واﻟﱠﺮ ُﺟ ُﻞ ِﰲ أ َْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ َر ٍاع َوُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺆ ٌ‬‫ﺎم َر ٍاع َوَﻣ ْﺴ ُﺆ ٌ‬‫َُ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺎﻹ‬‫ِ‬‫ْ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ر ِﻋﻴﱠﺘِ ِ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪Reduced‬‬ ‫اﳋَ ِﺎد ُم‬
‫اﻋﻴَﺔٌ َوِﻫ َﻲ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺆوﻟَﺔٌ َﻋ ْﻦ َر ِﻋﻴﱠﺘِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺖ زوِﺟﻬﺎ ر ِ‬
‫َْ ْ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ر ِﻋﻴﱠﺘِ ِﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟْﻤﺮأَةُ ِﰲ ﺑـﻴ ِ‬
‫َ َْ‬ ‫َْ َ‬
‫ِﰲ َﻣ ِﺎل َﺳﻴِّ ِﺪﻩِ َر ٍاع َوُﻫ َﻮ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺆ ٌ‬
‫ول َﻋ ْﻦ َر ِﻋﻴﱠﺘِ ِﻪ«‪.‬‬
‫‪Transparency‬‬
‫‪ said: “Each of you is a‬ﷺ ‪• The Prophet‬‬
‫‪and‬‬ ‫‪shepherd, and each of you will be asked‬‬
‫‪Accountability‬‬ ‫‪about his flock…” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book‬‬
‫‪Cont’d‬‬ ‫‪93, Hadith 18; Sahih Muslim, Book 20,‬‬
‫)‪Hadith 4496‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
• Many waqf institutions rely on small donations or
low-yield properties
• Without sustainable funding models, they struggle
Limited
to expand social services
‫ﺖ َﺳْﺒ َﻊ َﺳﻨَﺎﺑِ َﻞ ِﰲ ُﻛ ِّﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ‬‫ـ‬ ‫ﺒ‬‫َﻧ‬
‫أ‬
ْ ََ َ َ ‫ﺔ‬ٍ ‫• ﴿ ﱠﻣﺜَﻞ اﻟﱠ ِﺬﻳﻦ ﻳ ِﻨﻔ ُﻘﻮ َن أَﻣﻮا َﳍﻢ ِﰲ ﺳﺒِ ِﻴﻞ ا ﱠِ َﻛﻤﺜَ ِﻞ ﺣﺒﱠ‬
َ ُْ َ ْ ُ َ ُ
Financial
﴾‫ﻒ ﻟِ َﻤﻦ ﻳَ َﺸﺎءُ ۗ َوا ﱠُ َو ِاﺳ ٌﻊ َﻋﻠِ ٌﻴﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﺳﻨﺒـﻠَ ٍﺔ ِﻣﺎﺋَﺔُ ﺣﺒﱠ ٍﺔ ۗ وا ﱠ ﻳ‬
ُ ‫ﻀﺎﻋ‬
َُُ َ َ ّ ُُ Resources
• “The example of those who spend their wealth in
the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which
grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred
grains. And Allah multiplies [His reward] for
whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing
and Knowing” (Q2:261) 30
‫ ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ َﱂْ َِﳚ ْﺪ ﻓَﺒِ َﻜﻠِ َﻤ ٍﺔ‬،ٍ‫ﱠﺎر َوﻟَ ْﻮ ﺑِ ِﺸ ِّق ﲤََْﺮة‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻘ‬
ُ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ا‬» : ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠِ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠَﻴ‬
‫ﻪ‬
َ َ َْ ُ َ
َ ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ‬
‫ﻃَﻴِّﺒَ ٍﺔ‬ Limited
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Protect yourselves from Financial
the Fire by giving half of a date; and if you
cannot find that, then with a kind word" (in Resources
charity)” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 24, Hadith Cont’d
498; Sahih Muslim, Book 12, Hadith 2339)

31
 • Poor governance structures often lead to
idle land, misallocation of funds, and lack of
Bureaucratic accountability
• Waqf properties sometimes remain disputed
Inefficiencies or unutilized due to bureaucratic inefficiency
ِِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
and Red Tape َ ‫إ ﱠن اﻟْ ُﻤﺒَ ّﺬر‬. ‫ﲔ َواﺑْ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺴﺒ ِﻴﻞ َوَﻻ ﺗُـﺒَ ّﺬ ْر ﺗَـْﺒﺬ ًﻳﺮا‬
‫ﻳﻦ َﻛﺎﻧُﻮا‬ َ ‫﴿وآت َذا اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮَ ٰﰉ َﺣ ﱠﻘﻪُ َواﻟْﻤ ْﺴﻜ‬
َ •
﴾‫ﻮرا‬ ‫ﻔ‬
ُ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ِِ‫ﲔ ۖ وَﻛﺎ َن اﻟﺸﱠﻴﻄَﺎ ُن ﻟِﺮﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﻃ‬ ِ ‫إِﺧﻮا َن اﻟﺸﱠﻴ‬
ً ّ َ ْ َ َ َْ
• “And give the relative his right, and [also] the
poor and the traveller, and do not spend
wastefully. Indeed, the wasteful are brothers
of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his
Lord ungrateful” (Q17: 26-27)

32
‫اﻹ ْﺣ َﺴﺎ َن َﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻛ ِّﻞ‬ ِْ ‫ )إِ ﱠن ا ﱠَ َﻛﺘَﺐ‬:‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ و َﺳﻠﱠﻢ‬ ِ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ‬
َ َ َ َ
‫ َوﻟْﻴُ ِح ﱠﺪ‬،َ‫َﺣ ِﺴﻨُﻮا اﻟ ِّﺬ ْﲝَﺔ‬ ِ ِ ‫ ﻓَِﺈذَا ﻗَـﺘـ ْﻠﺘﻢ ﻓَﺄ‬،‫ﺷﻲ ٍء‬
ْ ‫ َوإِذَا ذَ َْﲝﺘُ ْﻢ ﻓَﺄ‬،َ‫َﺣﺴﻨُﻮا اﻟْﻘْﺘـﻠَﺔ‬
ْ ُْ َ َْ
ِ
َ ‫ ﻓَـ ْﻠ ُِﲑ ْح َذﺑ‬،ُ‫َﺣ ُﺪ ُﻛ ْﻢ َﺷ ْﻔَﺮﺗَﻪ‬
.(ُ‫ﻴحﺘَﻪ‬ َ‫أ‬
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Verily Allah has Bureaucratic
prescribed excellence (ihsan) in all things. Inefficiencies
So, when you kill, kill in the best and Red Tape
manner; and when you slaughter, Cont’d
slaughter in the best manner. Let one of
you sharpen his blade and let him
comfort his animal” (Sahih Muslim, Book
21, Hadith 1955)

33
 Lack of Professional
Expertise
• Many waqf administrators lack training in
finance, law, and modern asset management,
which restricts waqf’s potential
‫ﻮﻫ ْﻢ ﻓِ َﻴﻬﺎ‬ ِ
ُ ُ‫﴿وَﻻ ﺗُـ ْﺆﺗُﻮا اﻟ ﱡﺴ َﻔ َﻬﺎءَ أ َْﻣ َﻮاﻟَ ُﻜ ُﻢ اﻟﱠِﱵ َﺟ َع َﻞ ا ﱠُ ﻟَ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻗﻴَ ًﺎﻣﺎ َو ْارُزﻗ‬
َ •
﴾‫ﻮﻫ ْﻢ َوﻗُﻮﻟُﻮا َﳍُْﻢ ﻗَـ ْﻮًﻻ ﱠﻣ ْعُﺮوﻓًﺎ‬
ُ ‫َوا ْﻛ ُﺴ‬
• “And do not give the weak-minded your property,
which Allah has made a means of sustenance
for you, but provide for them with it and clothe
them and speak to them words of appropriate
kindness” (Q4: 5)
• The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “When a matter is entrusted ‫ إِ َذا‬:‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ ِ ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل رﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬ َُ
to those who are unqualified, then await the
‫ﺎﻋ َﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ِ
‫ﺮ‬ ِ
‫ظ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ـ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ِ
‫ﻪ‬ ِ
‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ َ
‫أ‬ ِ
‫ﲑ‬ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ‫ﱃ‬
َ ِ
‫إ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫َﻣ‬
‫اﻷ‬ْ ‫ﺪ‬ ِ‫و‬
‫ﺳ‬
Hour” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 3, Hadith 85) َ َ ْ ْ ُْ ّ َُ
34
 Perception
and
Awareness in
Diverse
Communities

35
 • In pluralistic societies, many people
(Muslims and non-Muslims alike) have
limited understanding of waqf’s social
Varying potential, seeing it as “only for masajid”

Community ۖ ‫ﻚ ِ ْﳊِ ْﻜ َﻤ ِﺔ َواﻟْ َﻤ ْﻮ ِﻋظَِﺔ ا ْﳊَ َﺴﻨَ ِﺔ‬ َ ِّ‫ع إِ َ ٰﱃ َﺳﺒِ ِﻴﻞ َرﺑ‬
ُ ‫﴿اد‬
ْ •
‫ﺿ ﱠﻞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﲟ‬ِ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫َﻋ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ﱠ‬ ِ
‫إ‬ ۚ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺴ‬ ‫َﺣ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ ‫وﺟ ِﺎد ْﳍﻢ ِ ﻟﱠِﱵ‬
‫ﻫ‬
Perceptions َ َ ُ ْ َُ َ َ َُ ْ َ ُ ََ
﴾‫ﻳﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒِﻴﻠِ ِﻪ ۖ وﻫﻮ أَﻋﻠَﻢ ِ ﻟْﻤﻬﺘ‬
‫ﺪ‬
َ َْ ُ ُ ْ َُ َ َ َ
• “Invite to the way of your Lord with
wisdom and good instruction and argue
with them in a way that is best. Indeed,
your Lord is most knowing of who has
strayed from His way, and He is most
knowing of who is [rightly] guided”
(Q16:125)
36
 ‫ » َﻣ ْﻦ َد ﱠل َﻋﻠَﻰ‬:‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ َﻋﻠَْﻴ ِﻪ َو َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ ِ‫ﻮل ا ﱠ‬
ُ ‫• ﻗَ َﺎل َر ُﺳ‬
Varying َ
‫ﺎﻋﻠِ ِﻪ‬
ِ َ‫ﺧ ٍﲑ ﻓَـﻠَﻪ ِﻣﺜْﻞ أَﺟ ِﺮ ﻓ‬
ْ ُ ُ َْ
Community
Perceptions • The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Whoever
Cont’d guides someone to goodness
will have a reward like one
who did it” (Sahih Muslim,
Book 20, Hadith 4665)

37
 • In diverse societies, non-Muslims
may perceive waqf as exclusive to
Muslims, reducing cross-community
support
‫ﺎن َوإِﻳﺘَ ِﺎء ِذي اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮَ ٰﰉ‬ِ ‫اﻹﺣﺴ‬
ْ ِْ ‫• ﴿۞ إِ ﱠن ا ﱠَ َُْﻣﺮ ِ ﻟْ َع ْﺪ ِل و‬
َ َ ِ ُ
‫َوﻳَـْﻨـ َﻬ ٰﻰ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟْ َﻔ ْح َﺸﺎء َواﻟْ ُﻤﻨ َﻜ ِﺮ َواﻟْﺒَـ ْﻐ ِﻲ ۚ ﻳَعِظُ ُﻜ ْﻢ ﻟَ َعﻠﱠ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬
﴾‫ﺗَ َﺬ ﱠﻛُﺮو َن‬
• “Indeed, Allah orders justice
and good conduct and giving to
relatives and forbids
Multicultural immorality, bad conduct and
Challenges oppression. He admonishes you
that perhaps you will be
reminded” (Q16:90)
38
See You In Part 2 For The
Conclusion Inshaa’Allah
Thank You

39