ALGEBRA

Set Now, n(P  Q  R)  n(P)  n(Q)  n(R)  n(P  Q)

 n(Q  R)  n(R  P)  n(P  Q  R)
1. Since x = –1 and x = 1 are roots of the required equation. = 8 + 10 + 5 – 0 – 0 – 0 + 0 = 23
 (x + 1) and (x – 1) are factors of equation.
 (x + 1)(x – 1) = 0  x2 – 1 = 0 is required equation. 17. Given A  B  A  B  A
 Set builder form of given set A is
 n(A  B)  n(A)  n(B)  n(A  B)
A = {x : x is a root of the equation x2 = 1}
= n(A) + n(B) – n(A) = n(B)
2. In option b, x2 + 3 = 0  x = 3  C
 x is not a real number  It is an empty set 18. We have, X = {–2, –1, 0, 1, ...., 8) and
A = {x : |x – 2|  3, x is an integer}
4. A = {x|x is real number and x2 = 16 and 2x = 6}  A = {–1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= {x|x is a real number and x = ±4 and x = 3} =  Now, X – A = {–2, 6, 7, 8}
5. We have, |2x + 3| < 7 20. No. of elements in set A = 2; No. of elements in set B = 6
 –7 < 2x + 3 < 7  –7 –3 < 2x < 7 – 3
If A  B , then
 –10 < 2x < 4  –5 < x < 2
 0<x+5<7  Minimum no. of elements can be in the set A  B = 6

6. Use Hit and Trial 22.  Shaded part is (A  B)  (B  A)

U A–B
8. n(A) = 4 (given) B–A
 Total no. of subsets of A = 24 = 16
 No. of proper subsets of A = 16 – 1 = 15 A  {(x, y) : y 
1
, x  0, x  R}
23.
x
9. If a set has n elements, then no. of subsets of it = 2n B = {(x, y) : y = –x, x  R}
 No. of proper subsets of a set having (n + 1) elements A  B means common elements in both sets
= 2n + 1 – 1. 1
 y    x  x2 = –1  x is not real number
x
10. Since {a, b} is an element of set A
 AB = 
 It cannot be the subset of A  {a, b}  A
24. A = {(a, b) : a2 + 3b2 = 28, a, b  Z}
11. Number of elements of set A = 4 (a, b) can be (1, 3), (–1, 3), (1, –3), (–1, –3), (5, 1), (–5, 1),
Number of subsets of set A = 24 = 16 (5, –1), (–5, –1), (4, 2), (–4, 2), (4, –2), (–4, –2)
Number of subsets without empty set = 16 – 1 = 15 n(A) = 12, n(B) = 
A  B = {(a, b) : a2 + 3b2 = 28 and a > b, a, b  Z}
12. A is a set of numbers. B is a set of sets. So, A = B is  n( A  B ) = 6
impossible. Also B  C since {2}  C. A  C is correct
since {1, 2}  C. A  C is not true since A is set of
25. A  (A  B)  A  (A  Bc )c  A  (A c  B)
numbers and C is a set of sets. =   (A  B)  A  B

13. No. of subsets of a set with m elements is 2 m. Now, 26. Let x be total number of families in the town. Let set P be
2m – 2n = 112 = 24.7 = 24(23 – 1) = 27 – 24 the families who own a phone and set C be the families
 m = 7, n = 4 who own a car.
n(P) = 25%, n(C) = 15%, n(P  C) = 65%
14. Power set is the set of all subsets. n(A) = 5  n(P  C) = 35%
 n(P(A)) = 25 = 32. Now, n(P  C) = n(P) + n(C) – n(P  C)
= 25 + 15 – 35 = 5%
15. Total number of elements in power set of a set containing Now, 5% of x = 2000  x = 40,000
n elements = 2n elements. 27. n(C) = 40, n(F) = 16, n(H) = 11
n(C  F) = 8, n(C  H) = 6
16. We have n(P) = 8, n(Q) = 10 and n(R) = 5 n(F  H) = 2, n(C  F  H) = 1
Since P, Q and R are disjoint sets. n(C  F  H) = 67 – 16 + 1 = 52
 n(P  Q)  n(Q  R)  n(R  P)  n(P  R  Q)  0 n(C  F  H) = 80 – 52 = 28
 188 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

 A = {–1, 0, 1}
28. a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 265

a b e 37. (A  B)  (B  A) = (A  B)  (B  A) = A  A
S cdf D
g 39. Given n(A) = 4, n(B) = 5, n(A  B) = 3
n[(A  B)  (B  A)] = n[(A  B)  (B  A)]
P = n(A  B) n(B  A) = 3  3 = 9
a + b + d + e = 200, b + c + d + f = 110, d + e + f + g = 55
[ n(A  B) = n(A)  n(B)]
b + d = 60, d + e = 30, d = 10
On solving
40. Let the number of elements in set B be x.
a b c d e f g
Number of elements in set A = 3
120 50 40 10 20 10 15 Number of relations from A to B = 4096
 Number of persons who line only dancing and painting  23x = 4096  23x = 212
= f = 10 On comparing, we get 3x = 12  x = 4
29. 63 – x + x + 76 – x  100 So, number of elements in set B = 4
Cheese 63–x x 76–x Apple
41. Number of elements in set A = n
 x  39. But 63 – x  0  x  63  39  x  63 Number of elements in A  A = n  n = n2
 Relation R on A are subsets of A  A.
30. Since n(M) = 50, n(P) = 45, n(B) = 40, 2
n(M  P) + n(P  B) + n(B  M) – 3n(M  P  B) = 32  Number of relations = 2 n
Also, n(M  P  B) = 100 – 1 = 99
 n(M  P  B) = n(M) + n(P) + n(B) – n(M  P) 42. R = {(a, b) : a, b  A, a  b is an even number
– n(P  B) – n(B  M) + n(M  P  B) Given set A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
 99 = 50 + 45 + 40 – 32 – 2n(M  P  B)  R = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4),
 – 4 = –2n(M  P  B)  n(M  P  B) = 2 (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4)}.
Hence, range of R = {1, 2, 3, 4}
31. n[(A  B)  A] 43. Number of possible relations from A to B = 2pq
= n[(A  B)  A] [by De Morgan’s law]
= n[(A  A)  (B  A)] [Distributive law] 44. |a| < 3 and a  Z  a = –2, –1, 0, 1, 2
= n(A – B) = 8 – 2 = 6.  b = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1 correspondingly with a
 S = {(–2, 3), (–1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0), (2, 1)}
32. n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B) = 25 – 10 = 15.  Range of S = {0, 1, 2, 3}

33. n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B) 45. Given, set A = {x : |x| < 3, x  I}
= 300 + 400 – 100 = 600 = {x : –3 < x < 3, x  I} = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
n(Ac  Bc) = n(A  B)c = 200 Also, R = {(x, y) : y = |x|}
 R = {(–2, 2), (–1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)}
34. We have bN = {bn : n  N}, cN = {cn : n  N}
and dN = {dn : n  N} 46. Total number of relations from A to B = 2n(A)  n(B)
As bN  cN = dN  d = d . 1 bN  cN = 25  7 = 235
 d = bn1 and d = cn2, where n1, n2  N
 b divides d and c divides d 47. R AB
 bc divides d because b and c are relatively prime. For given A {x, y, z} & B = {a, b, c, d}
Also, bc  bN and bc = cb  cN A  B = {(x, a), (x, b), (x, c), (x, d), (y, a), (y, b), (y, c), (y, d),
 bc  bN  cN or bc  dN (z, a), (z, b), (z, c), (z, d)}
 bc = dn3 for n3  N  d divides bc  bc = d. Clearly, {(z, b), (y, b), (a, d)} is not the subset of A  B.
 It is not a relation.
35. x and y can take 10 elements each. In (x, y), x can take 10
elements, then y can take 9 elements since x and y are not 48. R = {(x, y) | 4x + 3y = 20}
same. So, total number of elements in A is 10  9 = 90 only option b is correct because 2, 3,  N and
4  2 + 3  4 = 20. So, (2, 4) R
50.  x2  0  x . x  0  xPx  Reflexive
Relations  xy  0  yx  0  Symmetric
 (–5)(0)  0 & (0)(7)  0
36.  A  A has 9 elements i.e., (–5, 0)  P & (0, 7)  P
 set A has exactly 3 elements. But (–5)(7) < 0  (–5, 7)  P
Also (–1, 0), (0, 1)  A  A  –1, 0, 1  A  P is not transitive.
Algebra 189
  is not reflexive
51. Here (x, y)   if x – y is zero or irrational.  xy > 0  yx > 0  is symmetric
 x – x = 0 for all x  R  is reflexive Let xy > 0 and yz > 0
Let (x, y)  and (y, z)    (xy)(yz) > 0 (xz)y2 > 0  xz > 0 [ y2 > 0]
 x – y = 0 or irrational & y – z = 0 or irrational  xy and yz xz  is transitive
But, their sum x – z may or may not be 0 or irrational
e.g. 2  3 & 3  5 both are irrational but their sum 61. We have relation aRb is defined iff |a – b|  1
2 – 5 = –3 is neither zero nor irrational |a – a| = 0 < 1  aRa  R is reflexive.
 Not transitive
62. Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Let R be a reflexive relation on A then for each a  A,
52. R  S = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1) }
(a, a)  R.  Option b is true.
A = {1, 2, 3}
(i)  (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)  R  S  Reflexive 63. For reflexive: Let a  S.
(ii) (a, b)  R  S Then, |a – a| = 0 < 1  aRa. So, R is reflexive.
 (b, a) R  S  a, b  (1, 2, 3}  Symmetric For symmetric: Let aRb  |a – b|  1
(iii)  (2, 1) & (1, 3) R  S but (2, 3)  R  S  |–(b – 1)|  1  |b – a|  1  bRa. So, R is symmetric
 Not transitive For transitive: Let 1, 2, 3  S
Then, |1 – 2| = 1 = 1  1R2
53. (i)  1 + a . a = 1 + a2 > 0  Reflexive and |2 – 3| = 1 = 1  2R3. But |1 – 3| = 2 > 1
(ii) If 1 + ab > 0 then 1 + ba > 0  Symmetric So, R is not transitive.
1 3  1 
(iii) 1  1    0  1,    64. (i)  sec2 – tan2 = 1 or sec2 – tan2 = 1
2 2  2  R or R  R is reflexive

1 1 1  (ii) sec2 – tan2 = 1
1  (1)   0   ,  1 
2 2  2    (1 + tan2) – (sec2 – 1) = 1  sec2 – tan2 = 1
But, 1 + (1)(–1) = 0  0  (1, –1)    R  R  R is symmetric
 is not transitive. (iii) Let R and R i.e. sec2 – tan2 = 1 ...(1)
and sec2 – tan2 = 1 ...(2)
55. Let (x, x)  Z, then x + 2x = 3x is divisible by 3
Adding (1) and (2), sec2 + (sec2 – tan2) – tan2= 2
 xRx  R is reflexive
 sec2 – tan2 = 1  R R is transitive.
If x + 2y is divisible by 3, then y + 2x is also always
Hence, relation R is an equivalence relation.
divisible by 3  R is symmetric
Let xRy and yRz for some x, y, z  Z
65. Reflexivity: We have, 1 + a2 > 0  a  Z
Let x + 2y = 3p and y + 2z = 3q
x + 3y + 2z = 3(p + q)  R is reflexive
 x + 2z = 3(p + q – y),which is divisible by 3 Symmetry : Let a, b  Z and 1 + ab > 0
 xRz  R is transitive  R is an equivalence relation. Then, 1 + ba > 0 ( ab = ba)
 R is symmetric
56. Equivalence relation on the set {1, 2, 3} containing (1, 2) Transitvity: Let a, b, c  Z
and (2, 1) are Let 1 + ab > 0 and 1 + bc > 0  1 + ac > 0
A1 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1)}  R is transitive. Hence R is an equivalence relation.
A2 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3)}
66. Relexivity: No line is perpendicular to itself. Therefore, R
So, only two equivalence relations exists.
is not a reflexive relation.
57. L3

58. We have X = {a, b, c, d, e}, L1

R = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (a, b), (b, a)}.
Since, d  X but (d, d)  R L2
 R is not reflexive Symmetry: Let L1  L2  L1, L2  L
Since (a, b)  R and (b, a) also belongs to R
Then, L2  L1
 R is symmetric.
 R is a symmetric relation.
Now, (a, b)  R and (b, a)  R. Also, (a, a)  R
Transitvity:
 R is transitive.
Let L1  L2 and L2  L3 for L1, L2, L3  L
Then L1 || L3
60.  0  R but 0 . 0 > 0 is not true i.e., (0, 0)  
 190 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

So, L1 is not perpendicular to L3 Therefore, R is reflexive, symmetric but not transitive.

 R is not a transitive relation.
71. (i) Reflexive: R is not reflexive as |a|  a
67. For (a, b), (c, d)  N  N (ii) Symmetric: R is not symmetric as
(a, b) R (c, d)  ad(b + c) = bc(a + d) aRb  |a|  b and |b|  a  bRa
Reflexive: Since, ab(b + a) ba(a + b),  a, b  N (iii) Transitive: aRb  |a|  b ...(1) bRc  |b|  c ...(2)
 (a, b) R (a, b). So R is reflexive. From (1) and (2), we get |a|  b b|  c  |a|  x  aRc
Symmetric: For (a, b), (c, d)  N  N  R is transitive
Let (a, b) R (c, d)
 ad(b + c) = bc(a + d)  bc(a + d) = ad(b + c) 72. Reflexivity : For any a  N, we have a|a  aRa
 cb(d + a) = da(c + b)  (c, d) R (a, b) Thus, aRa  a  N
So, R is symmetric Symmetry: R is not symmetric because if a|b, then a is
Transitive: For (a, b), (c, d), (e, f)  N  N divisible by b, but it may not be true that b is divisible by a.
Let (a, b) R (c, d), (c, d) R (e, f) For example, 6|2  6 is divisible by 2.
 ad(b + c) = bc(a + d), cf(d + e) = de(c + f) But 2 is not divisible by 6.
 adb + adc = bca + bcd ...(i) Transitivity: Let a, b, c  N such that aRb and bRc.
and cfd + cfe = dec + def ....(ii)  a|b and b|c  a|c  aRc
On multiplying Eq. (i) by ef and Eq. (ii) by ab and then So, R is transitive relation on N.
adding, we get adbef + adcef + cfdab + cfeab
= bcaef + bcdef + decab + defab 73. y – x is an integer and z – y = integer
 adcf(b + e) = bcde(a + f)  af(b + e) = be(a + f)  z – x = integer
 (a, b) R (e, f)  (x, y)  A and (y, z)  A  (x, z)  A
So, R is transitive. Hence, R is an equivalence relation.  A is transitive
Also (x, x) A is true  A is reflexive
68.  aRb iff sin2a + cos2b = 1. As (x, y)  A  (y, x)  A  A is symmetric
 sin2a + cos2a = 1 for all a  R Hence A is an equivalence relation but B is not, as (0, y)
 aRa  R is reflexive. is in B but (y, 0) is not in B.
 sin2a + cos2b = 1  1 – cos2a + 1 – sin2b = 1
 sin2b + cos2a = 1  bRa 74. (i) Reflexive : It is reflexive since any poistive number
 R is symmetric. Further, let aRb and bRc divides itself. E.g. 1R1, 2R2, 3R3 and 4R4
i.e.sin2a + cos2b = 1 ...(i) and sin2b + cos2c = 1 ...(ii) (ii) Symmetric : It is not symmetric. 2 R 4, but (4, 2)  R.
Adding (i) & (Ii), sin2a + 1 + cos2c = 2 (iii) Transitive: It is transitive, since if aRb and bRc, then,
 sin2a + cos2c = 1  aRc aRc. E.g.: 1R2 & 2R4  1R4
 R is also transitive.  R is an equivalence relation.
75. If A and B are equivalence relations, then A  B is an
69. We have R = {(x, y) : 2x – y = 10, x, y  N} equivalence relation
10  y
2x – y = 10  x =
2 76. We have (x, x)  R for w = 1 implying that R is reflexive.
If y = 2  x = 6  N  (6, 2)  R
Similarly, (7, 4), (8, 6), (9, 8), (10, 10), (11, 12), (12, 14), For a  0, (a, 0)  R for any w but (0, a) R. Thus R is
(13, 16), (14, 18) (15, 20) ....  are in R. not symmetric. Hence R is not an equivalence relation..
R is not reflexive, because 1  N and (1, 1)  R m m
As  ,   S [since mn = mn], S is reflexive.
R is not symmetric, because (7, 4)  R but (4, 7)  R n n
R is not transitive, because (11, 12)  R, (12, 14)  R but m p
 ,   S  qm = pn
(11, 14)  R  n q
But this can be written as np = mq.
70. We have, xRy  |x – y| < 1 p m
giving  ,   S . Thus S is symmetric.
Reflexivity: For any x  R, |x – x| = 0 < 1 q n 
 xRx for all x  R m p p a
Again,  ,   S and  ,   S
So, R is reflexive.  n q q b
Symmetry: Since |x – y| < 1
 qm = pn and bp = aq.
 |–(y – x)| < 1  |y – x| < 1  yRx [ |x| = |–x|] m p p a m a
Thus, xRy  yRx. So, R is symmetric i.e, n  q and q  b i.e. n  b  bm = an
Transitivity: Let xRY and yRz, then
m a
|x – y| < 1 and |y – z| < 1 Thus  ,   S . This means S is transitive.
Now, |x – z| = |x – y + y – z|  |x – y| + |y – z| > 1 + 1 = 2  n b
We get, |x – z| < 2
77. Since R be an equivalence relation on a set A containing
 x is not related to z. So, R is not transitive.
Algebra 191
6 elements  (a, a)  R  a  A. Hence R has atleast 6 Transitive: For (x, y)  T and (y, w)  T
ordered pairs.  x – y  Z and y – w  Z, giving
x – w  Z i.e. (x, w)  T
78. By definition, a relation is equivalence if it is reflexive,  T is an equivalence relation on R.
symmetric and transitive. S = {(x, y) : y = x + 1, 0 < x < 2} is not reflexive for
(x, x)  S would imply x = x + 1
79. The realtion R on the set N of natural number N is defined  1 = 2 (impossible)
by xRy  2x2 – 3xy + y2 = 0  x, y  N Thus S is not an equivalence relation.
Reflexive: Let x  N
 2x2 – 3x + x + x2 = 2x2 – 3x2 + x2 = 0  xRx 85. Since, R is defined as aRb iff |a – b| > 0.
 R is reflexive Reflexive: aRa iff |a – a| > 0
Symmetric: Let x, y  N, such that (x, y)  R which is not true. So R is not reflexive.
 (x, y)  R  2x2 – 3xy + y2 = 0 Symmetric: aRb iff |a – b| > 0
 2y2 – 3xy + x2  0  x  y  (y, x)  R |a – b| = |b – a|  |b – a| > 0  bRa
 (x, y)  R but (y, x)  R  R is not symmetric. Thus, R is symmetric.
Transitive: aRb iff |a – b| > 0 and bRc iff |b – c| > 0
80. R = {(x, y) : x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0; x, y  N}  |a – c| = |a – b + b – c| > 0  |a – c| > 0  aRc
Clearly xRx as x2 – 4x2 + 3x2 = 0 Thus, R is also transitive.
R is reflexive. Now xRy  x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0
 x2 + 2x2 – 4xy + 3y2 – 2y2 + 2y2 – 2x2 = 0 86. G.C.D. of a and b is 2, then G.C.D. of a and a is not always
 3x2 – 4xy + y2 + 2(y2 – x2) = 0 2. So r is not reflexive.
 yRx + 2(y2 – x2) = 0  yRx = 2(x2 – y2)  0 ( x  y) If G.C.D. of a and b is 2, then G.C.D. of b and a will be 2.
 R is not symmetric So, R is symmetric.
Similarly R is not transitive hence not an equivalence If G.C.D. of a and b is 2, and G.C.D. of b and c is 2, then,
relation. G.C.D. of a and c will not be always 2.
So, R is not transitive. So R will be symmetric only.
81. r = {(a, b) | a, b  R and a – b + 3 is an irrational no.}
r is reflexive as ara  a – a + 3 = 3 which is an Complex Numbers
irrational no. 3 r1  3 – 1 + 3 = 2 3 – 1 which is
an irrational no. but 1r 3  1 – 3 + 3 = 1 which is 87. a. [ 3( 3  1)]2  3(3  1  2 3)  12  6 3
not irrational number.
 3 r1  (1, 3 )  r  r is not symmetric. b. [ 3( 3  1)]2  3(3  1  2 3)  12  6 3
Also r is not transitive
c. [ 3(  3  1)]2  3(3  1  2 3)  12  6 3
 3 r1 and 1r 2 3 but ( 3 , 2 3 )  r
Hence is not an equivalence relation. Hence, none of the square values of options are equal to
the given value.
82. As 1 + a . a = 1 + a2 > 0
 1 i 
m
 (a, a)  R. So, R is reflexive. 88. Given,    1  im  i4  m  4
Also (a, b)  R  1 + ab > 0  1 + ba > 0  (b, a)  R 1 i 
 R is symmetric 89. We have z = i9 + i19 = (i2)4 . i + (i2)9 . i
But (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R = i + (–i) = 0 = 0 + 0i
Hence, reflexive, symmetric but not transitive. n
 1 i 
n  (1  i)2 
 (1  i) (1  i 2  2i)
2
90.   2 
83. Since (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) are reflexive, (1, 2), (2, 1); (2, 3),  1  i   1  i 
(3, 2); (1, 3), (3, 1)  symmetric and (1, 2), (2, 3); (2, 1),
1  1  2i 
n
(1, 3); (1, 3), (3, 2); (3, 2), (2, 1); (2, 3), (3, 1)  transitive. =   (2i)  2i
n 1
 The number of ordered pairs which can be added in R  2 
are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (2, 1), (3, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1) make is an
sin 60  i cos 60 cos15  i sin15
equivalence relation. 92. We have, 
cos15  i sin15 cos15  i sin15
84. To be an equivalence relation the relation must be
sin 60 cos15  cos 60 sin15) 
reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
i cos 60 cos15  sin 60 sin15)
T = {(x, y) : x – y  Z} is =
Reflexive: For (x, x)  T i.e., x – x = 0  Z cos 2 15  sin 2 15
Symmetric: For (x, y)  T  x – y  Z = sin(60° – 15°) + icos(60° – 15°)
 y – x  Z i.e. (y, x)  T
 192 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

1 1 9 
= sin45° + i cos45° = i 9  p 2  4   p2  9
2 2  4p2  p 2  9 
 16  4
(2  i) 2 27 9 3
2i  3p  2  p 
2
 p
 z    3  4i
2
94. We have z  4 4 2
i i2
 Re(z ) + Im(z ) = –3 + 4 = 1
2 2
3
102. We have, z  2
z
95. i10 + i11 + i12 + i13 = 0  3 3 3 3 3
 1 1 1 1  Now, | z |   z     z    2 
and     0  z  z z z z
14 
i 11
i12
i13
i  1 1 3
 Remaining expression = i  15  i  3   1  i
14 2  |z| 2
i i |z|
 |z|2 – 2|z| – 3  0  (|z| + 1) (|z| – 3)  0
96. We have z1  2 2 (1  i) So, greatest value of |z| is 3.
93.  z12  8(1  i) 2 = 8(1 + i2 + 2i) = 16i
103. x 2  y2   y  1
Also z 2  1  i 3
 z32  (1  i 3)3 = 1  3 3 i3  3 3i (1  i 3)  x2 + y2 = y2 – 2y + 1  x2 = 1 – 2y
So, z12 z32  16  (8)i  – 128i 104. Let z = a + ib
then in III quadrant a < 0, b < 0
1 1 1 1
97.    .....  Its conjugate z  a  ib  a  ib  a  (–ib)
i i 2
i 3
i102
1 = a + ik where k = –b
= 102 [1  i  i  i  .....  i ]
2 3 101
 a < 0, k > 0  z lies in II quadrant
i
1 1  i102  1  i2
= 4  25 2     (i  1) 106. Let z = x + iy
i  i  1  i  1 i z + |z| = 8 + 12i
 x  iy  x  y  8  12i
2 2
2  i (2  i) (ai  1)
98. Now, z  
ai  1 (ai)2  1  x  x 2  y 2  8 .....(i) and y = 12 .....(ii)
1
= 2 {(2  i) . (ai 1)} Putting the value of (ii) in (i), we get x = –5
a 1 So z = –5 + 12i
1
Im(z) = (1  2a)  |z| = 25  144  13  |z2| = |z|2 = 169
1  a2
But, imaginary part is zero 107. |x1z1 – y1z2|2 + |y1z1 + x1z2|2
So, 1 + 2a = 0  a = –1/2
= |x1z1|2 + |y1z1|2 – 2Re(x1y1z1z2)
99. Now, i – i2 + i3 – i4 + ..... – i100 + |y1z1|2 + |x1z2|2 + 2Re(x1y1z1z2)
which is G.P. with a = i, r = –i.
 y12 z 2  y12 z 1  x12 z 2
2 2 2 2
i(1  i100 ) i(1  (i 2 )50 ) i(1  1)
2
= x1 z 1
S100 =   0
1 i 1 i 1 i = 2(x1  y1 ) (4)  32(x1  y1 )
2 2 2 2 2

i 4  i9  i16 108. Let z = x + iy, then z 2  z  0

100.  a  ib
2i i
8 10
i 3
 (x2 – y2 + 2ixy) + (x – iy) = 0
1 i 1 2i 2i  x2 – y2 + x = 0 and 2xy – y = 0
or a  ib     1  2i
2  1  i  (i)2 1 1  i i Now 2xy – y = 0  y(2x – 1) = 0
 y = 0 or x = 1/2
 (a, b)  (1, 2)
If y = 0, then x = 0 or x = – 1
3
3 If x = 1/2, then y  
101. Let z1 = 3 + pi and z2 =  pi 2
4 Thus, the given equation has four solutions.
Given that |z1| = 2|z2|
9 109. |1 + iz| = |z + i|
 9p  2  p2
2
16 |1+ i(x + iy)| = |x + iy + i|
On squaring both sides, we get
Algebra 193
 (1 + ix – y| = |x + i(y + 1)|  |(1 – y)+ ix| = |x + i(y + 1)| y
(3,3)
 (1 – y)2 + x2 = x2 + (y + 1)2
 1 + y2 – 2y + x2 = x2 + 1 + y2 + 2y
2 2
 –2y – 2y = 0  y = 0
(1,1)
110. iz3 + z2 – z + 1 = 0 Final
1 position (2,1) (3,1)
Dividing both sides by i and using  –i
i x
We have z3 – iz2 + iz + 1 = 0 O
 z2(z – i) + i(z – i) = 0 ( i2 = –1) 
 (z – i) (z + i) = 0
2 116. Argz 
2
 z = i or z2 = –i
 |z| = |i| = 1 and |z2| = |z|2 = |–1| = 1  
117. Zr  cis  
 |z| = 1  2r 
  
Z1 Z 2 ....   cis    .....   = cis  = –1
2z 1 2 2 2

111. Let  pi (p is any non zero real number)
3z 2
z1 118. z  r(cos   i sin ) ;
1
z1  z 2 z2 z r(cos   i sin )
  [by dividing Nr and Dr by z2]   (cos   i sin )(cos  – i sin ) 1
z1  z 2 z1 z r(cos   i sin )
1
z2
3pi (cos + isin)(cos + isin) = (cos + i sin)2
1
2 3pi  2 = cos2 + i sin2
= 3pi  1 z
3pi  2  (cos   i sin )(cos   i sin )1
1 z
2
= (cos – isin) (cos – isin)
[ The modulus of z and its conjugate modulus z have
= (cos – isin)2 = (cos2 – i sin2)
the same value]
z z
   cos 2  i sin 2  cos 2 – i sin 2  2 cos 2
1  i 4i 1 2 z z
112. z     i
3i 5 5 5  z 
119. arg(z)  arg( z)  arg    arg(1)  
1 4 1 5  z 
|z|    unit
25 25 5 5 121.  Roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 are  and 2
1  3i 2 2
113. Let z = x + iy be any complex number. z   z (given) Let      cos  i sin
 x + iy = –(x – iy)  2x = 0  x = 0 2 3 3
 z = 0 + iy = iy is purely imaginary.  1  3i  2    2 
and      cos     i sin   
2
2  3   3 
114. ( 5  3i)33  249 z 2n
     2 cos
n n
Taking modulus on both sides 3
249 | z |  | 5  3i |33   3i 1  3i
123. We have, z  cos    i sin   = 
1

2 49 | z |  ( 5  3)33  ( 8)33  233 233/2 3 3 2 2 2
2
 1  3i   1  3i 
then, z 2  z  1  
 2    2   1
33
233233/2 233 233/2 16
or | z |  49

33 16
22    
2 2 2
1 1 3i 1 3i 1 3i
= 2  2 (1  3  2 3i)      0
1/2
= =
4 2 2 2 2 2 2
115. Hence, the final position of the point is represented by
1+i 124. 1  cos   isin   cos   isin 
1  cos   isin 
= cos6 + i sin6 = 1
a
125. 1  2  4  ....    S  1
3 9 27 1 r
1 3 9 a
   ....    S  2
2 8 32 1 r
 194 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

1  1  4 1  3i
1 2 4  1 3 9  136. 2 –  + 1 = 0    
   ...     ...  22011 2
  3 9 27   2 8 32   1  2  1  = –    2011 = (– ) = –= 

50 50
126. Clearly , 2 are the roots of the given equations. 3 3 50  3 i
137. 3 (x  iy)    i
25
  ( 3)   
2 2   2 2
127. Since 1, , 2 are cube roots of unity  1 + + 2 = 0  x + iy = (cos 30° + i sin30°)50 = cos 1500° + i sin 1500°
Now (1 – + 2)(1 + – 2)     1
  3
= (– –)(–2 –2) = (–2)(–22) = 42 = 4 = cos  8    i sin  8    cos  i sin   i
 3  3 3 3 2 2
128. z2 = 2i 1 3 1 3
 x  ,y   (x, y)   ,
2 2  2 2 
z2ez – i = 2i e1 + i – i = 2ie = 2e[i]  
r
 138. Using Euler’s formua, zr = ei( /3 ) . So, z1 . z2 . z3 ....
 Arg of z2ez – i =     i  1 1 
2 i   ...  1  ...  i 1
2 3 3  3 32
e  e 3 11/3
3
= e 3 3  
129. At z = ±i
a
z2 + |z| = (±i)2 + 0  1 = –1 + 1 = 0 [ a  ar  ar  .... 
2
, where | r |  1]
i 3 i 1  r
.  
= e 3 2  e 2  cos  i sin  i
1  3i 2 2
130. 2x  1  3i  x  
2
L.H.S. (1 – 2 + )6 – (1 –  + 2)6 139. (x + 1)3 + 8 = 0  (x + 1)3 = (–2)3
= (–22)6 – (–2)6 = 64 – 64 = 0  (x  1) 
3
x 1
   1 . So, are the cube roots of unity..
  2  2
131. |z – z1|2 = AB2, |z – z2|2 = AC2, |z1 – z2|2 = BC2 x 1 x 1
A(z) So, = 1  x = – 3 and =   x = –1 – 2
2 2
/2
x 1
B C Also, = 2  x = –1 – 22
(z1 ) (z 2 ) 2
So, the roots are –3, 1 – 2 and –1 – 22
 |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = |z1 – z2|2
140. First factor = – – –2
 AB2 + AC2 + BC2 Second factor = 1 – 2+ – 2+ 2–22

 BAC =  z lies on circle 3rd factor, 5th factor ... are equal to first factor which is–2
2 4th factor, 6th factor .... are equal to second factor which
z 1 z 1 is –22
132.  is real, let = k (where k  R) Required product = (–2)(–22)(–2)(–22) .... 2n factors
z i z i
 x + iy – 1 = k(x + iy – i) = (43)(43) .... n factors = 4 . 4 .... n factors = 4n = 22n.
 (x – 1) + iy = kx + k(y – 1)i
On equating (i) by (ii), x – 1 = kx ...(i) 141. We have 100
 1 i 3
y = k(y – 1) ....(ii) (1  i 3)100  2100      2100 100  2100 . 
x 1 x  2 2 

On dividing (i) by (ii), y y  1  xy = xy – x – y + 1 100  1 3i 
 x + y = 1, which is a striaght line = 2      2  2
99 99
3i
 2 2 
 x  iy  (1  i 3)100   299  299 3i
133.  ,  are roots of x2 – x + 1 = 0, whose roots are –  and
– 2. Let  = – , and  = – 2  x  299 , y  299 3  (x, y)  (299 , 299 3)
 2013 +  2013 = (– )2013 + (– )2013 1
142. Let x = cos + isin as x   2 cos  is given.
= – 2013 – = –1 – 1 = –2 [  = 1] 2
 xn = cos n + isin n & 1/xn = cos n – isin n
134. (3 + 32 + 5)6 – (2 + 62 + 2)3 [From De Moivre’s Theorem, as n = integer]
= (3 + 32 + 3 + 2)6 – (2 + 42 + 22 + 2)3 1
 x n  = 2 cos n
= (3(1 + 2 + ) + 2)6 – (2(1 + 2 + ) + 4)3 xn
= (2)6 – (4)3 = 0 ( 1 +  + 2 = 0)
Algebra 195
143. Let z = x + iy. Then z2 = x2 – y2 + 2ixy = (3)5 .  (1 + (3)5) = (1 + ) = (–2) = –3 = –1
Now Re(z2) = 0  x2 – y2 = 0
 x2 = y2  y = ±x 152. arg[(1 – 2i)(x + iy) – 2 + 5i] = /4
Clearly lines y = ±x intersect circle |z| = 2 at four points.  arg[x + iy – 2ix + 2y – 2 + 5i] = /4
Hence, the given system has four solutions.
 arg[(x + 2y – 2) + i(y – 2x + 5)] = /4
144. log (log i) = log(log ei/2 )
i 1  y  2x  5 
    tan    /4
= log  i   log i  log [ e 2  i]  x  2y  2 
 2 2
 i /2  i  y – 2x + 5 = x + 2y – 2
= log  log e  log   y – 2y – 2x – x + 5 + 2 = 0
2 2 2
  –y – 3x + 7 = 0  y + 3x – 7 = 0
Hence, real part is log So, line is not passing through origin
2
1 2
145. |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| reads that the distance of desired 153. Area of triangle formed by the points z, iz, z + iz is | z |
2
complex number z is same from three points in the complex 1
 | z | = 50  |z|2 = 50  2 = 100  |z| = 10
2
plane –1, 1 and i. These points are non-collinear, hence the 2
desired number is the centre of the (unit) circle passing
through these three non-collinear points. 154. Let A = 0, B = 2 + 3i, C = i, D = –2 – 2i
Now AB  22  32  13, BC  22  22  8
a  b  c2 a2  b  c
146. 
a2  b  c a  b2  c CD  22  32  13, DA  22  22  8
[a  b  c2 ] 2 [a2  b  c] Also, AC  12  1, BD  (4)2  (5) 2  16  25  41
=  
[b  c2  a3 ] [a2  c3  b4 ]  AC  BD
=     1 (1    2  0) Hence, it is a parallelogram.
2

2/3 2/3
147. x + iy = (1  i 3)2010  1 i   1 i 
155. Let z =     
Let  be the cube root of unity  2  2 2
 
2/3
1  i 3  (i /4)2/3
   2   1  i 3 =  cos  i sin   e  ei/6
2  4 4
 x + iy = (2) 2010 = 22010  (3)670 = 22010 [ 3 = 1]  
= cos(2n  1)  i sin(2n  1)
6 6
149. (1  3)62  (1  3)62  3   3 
Put n = 1, z  cos    i sin    0  i  i
= (1  3i)  (1  3i)
62 62
 6  6 
62
  1  3i  
62
 2(1  3i)  156.  ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|
=     2   
 2    2   ||z| – 1|  |z – 1|  –|z – 1|  |z| – 1  |z – 1|
= 262(2)62 + 262()62 = 262()124 + 262(3)20 . 2  –|z – 1|  |z| – 1  1  |z| + |z – 1|
= 262[(()3)41 + 2] [ 3 = 1] So minimum value of |z| + |z – 1| is 1.
= 262( +2) = 262(–1) [ 1 +  + 2 = 0]
= –262 157. Taking 1 +  + 2 + ... + 101
= (1 +  + 2) + (3 + 4 + 5) + .... + (99 + 100 + 101)
151. x2 + x + 1 = 0 = 0 + (1 +  + 2) + ... + ((3)33 + (3)33.+ (3)33.2)
1  12  4.1.1. 1  3i = 0 + 0 + .... + (1 +  + 2) ( 3 = 1)
x 
2 2 =0 ( 1 +  + 2 = 0)
1 3i 1 3i
or     ,   158. Since ,  are the roots of given equation x2 + x + 1 = 0
2 2 2 2
2  x = , 2   = ,  = 2
 1 3i  1 3
 2         i Taking  +  =  + 
22 19 22 38
 2 2  2 2 = (3)7  1 + (3)12  2 =  + 2 = –1 ( 3 = 1)
Also, 1 +  +  2 = 0,  3 = 1. Also 22  (2)19 = 22  38 = 60 = (3)20 = 1
 16 +  16 = ( 2)16 +  16 =  16(1 +  16) Required equation is x2 – Sx + P = 0 or x2 + 1x + 1 = 0.
 196 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

1  i 3
159. 2  1  i 3 or    2 168. arg(z) < 0 (given)
2
 arg z = – < 0
1  i 3
2  1  i 3 or    = |z| (cos(–) + i sin(–)
2 = |z| (cos  – isin )
1  i 3 2 1  i 3  z = |z|(– cos + i sin)
  , 
2 2 = |z| (cos( – ) + i sin( – )
are complex cube roots of unity  arg(–z) =  –  =  + (–)
1 1 arg(–z) =  + arg z  arg(–z) – arg(z) = 
 54 + 5 4 + 7–1 –1 = 5  5  7 2 
8 4
y
  B(–z)
= 5(3)22 + 53 + 7 ( 3 = 1)
= 52 + 5 + 7 = 5(2 + ) + 7 = –5 + 7 = 2
2
160. a n  i(n 1)  –
a1 + a3 + a5 + ... + a25 = i4 + i16 + i36 + .... + i36i2
= 1 + 1 + 1 + .... + 1 = 13 x
O 
163. (1 –  + 2)5 + (1 +  – 2)5 A(z)
= (– – )5 + (–2 – 2)5 ( 1 +  + 2 = 0)
= (–)5 + (–2)5 = –5 – 10
= –3 . 2 – 3. –2 –  ( 3 = 1)
Quadratic Equations
–2 + ) = 
2
169. 2(x 1)(x 5x 50)  1 = 20
164. |z| = 1, z  ±1, Let z be ei
 (x – 1)(x2 + 5x – 50) = 0
z ei ei   (x – 1)(x + 10)(x – 5) = 0
  
1  z 2 1  e2i 1  cos 2  i sin 2  x = 1, 5, –10
ei ei  Required sum = 1 + 5 – 10 = –4
= 
2sin 2   2i sin  cos  2 sin (sin   i cos )

170. We have 4x + 41 – x – 5 < 0 .....(i)
i Let 4x = y
ei  e2 i
=   4
 
i    2sin  2 sin   (i) becomes, y   5  0  y2 – 5y + 4 < 0
y
2sin  e  2
 y2 – 4y – y + 4 < 0  (y – 4)(y – 1) = 0
where sin  0 (  z  ±1)
 1 < y < 4  1 < 4x < 4  4 0 < 4 x < 4 1
z 0<x<1
Hence, always lies on y-axis.
1  z2 171. Let | 4  2 3 |  | 4  2 3 |  x
165. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity. Then 1 +  + 2 = On squaring both sides, we get
0 and 3 = 1
( 4  2 3  4  2 3 )2  x 2
 (1 + )(1 + 2)(1 +4)(1 + 8)
 (4  2 3)  (4  2 3)  2 ( 4  2 3 )( 4  2 3 )  x
2
= (1 + )(–)(1 + )(–) = (–2)(–)(–2)(–)
= 3  3 = 1  1 = 1  8  2 16  12  x 2  8 – 4 = x2
5 1 1 
5
 x2 = 4  x=±2
166. (1  i)  ( 2)  i
5

 2 2 Hence | 4  2 3 |  | 4  2 3 |   2
  5 5 
5
5 5
= ( 2)  cos  i sin   ( 2)  cos  i sin  172. Given x1 and x2 are roots of x2 + px – 3 = 0.
 4 4  4 4 
5 Also x12  x 22  10
 Amplitude =
4 p
 Sum of roots = (x1 + x2) =  p
1
 10  3
167. sin  (   )   
23
And the product of roots = x1x2 =  3
 6 1
   (x1 + x2) = p
2 2
    7 
= sin  (   )    sin      sin   
2
 6  6  6   x1  x 2  2x1x 2  p  10 + 2(–3) = p2
2 2 2

 7      1  p2 = 4  p = ±2
=  sin     sin      sin   
 6   6 6 2 Hence, the value of p is 2 or –2
Algebra 197
When p = 1, q = –2
173. |x2| – 5|x| – 24 = 0
Let |x| = y 181. Given x2 – 2(4k – 1)x + 15k2 – 2k – 7 > 0
 y2 – 5y – 24 = 0  y2 – 8y + 3y – 24 = 0 If value of quadratic function is greater than zero, then
 (y + 3)(y – 8) = 0  y = –3, y = +8 discriminant is less than zero.
 Roots of |x2| – 5|x| – 24 are –8, +8  b2 – 4ac < 0
Hence product of roots = (–8)(8) = –64  [–2(4k – 1)]2 – 4  1  (15k2 – 2k – 7) < 0
Sum of roots = –8 + 8 = 0
 4[16k2 + 1 – 8k – 15k2 + 2k + 7] < 0
174. We have x2 + bx – 1 = 0 ....(i)  k2 – 6k + 8 < 0  k2 – 4k – 2k + 8 < 0
and x2 + x + b = 0 ....(ii)  k(k – 4) – 2(k – 4) < 0
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get  (k – 4)(k – 2) < 0 2<k<4
b 1 Integer value of k is 3.
x(1 – b) + 1 + b = 0  x=
b 1
On putting value of x in (ii), we get 183. We have |x – 3|2 + |x – 3| – 2 = 0
 b 1  b 1
2  |x – 3| = 1  x – 3 = ±1  x = 2, 4
   b  0
 b 1   b 1  3 9
 (b + 1)2 + (b + 1)(b – 1) + b(b – 1)2 = 0 184.  +  =   3( + ) = 
 b2 + 3b = 0  b(b2 + 3) = 0 2 2
5 45
But b  0,  b2 = – 3  =  9 =
2 2
 b =  3i  |b| = 2 9 45
3  Required equation is, x  x  0
2
2 2
175. According to question, or 2x + 9x + 45 = 0
x
n k 185. Let y = 2 or x2y – (5y + 1)x + 9y = 0
tan 33  tan12  and tan 33 tan12  x  5x  9
m m For real x,  0 i.e., (5y + 1)2 – 36y2  0
2m  n  k n k  (5y + 1 – 6y)(5y + 1 + 6y)  0
Now,  2 
m m m  (–y + 1)(11y + 1)  0
= 2 + (tan33° + tan12°) + (tan33°  tan12°)  1 
 (y – 1)(11y + 1)  0  y   , 1
=2+1=3 [ tan(33° + 12°) = tan45° = 1]  11 
186. We have 3x2 – 2(a + b + c)x + ab + bc + ca = 0
1 1
176. According to question,      4(a + b + c)2 = 12(ab + bc + ca) (  D = 0)
4 4
(a + b + c)2 = 3(ab + bc + ca)
177. According to question,  + 2 = 6 ...(i) and 3 = c ....(ii)  a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
  + 2 – 6 = 0 (From (i)) 1 1 3 1 3
187. One root =   
  + 3)  – 2) = 0   = –3 or  = 2 1 3 2 2 2
 From (ii), we get c = –27 or 8 1 3
 Other root = 
2 2
178. Let the other root be . 1 3 1
1 Sun = –1, product =   
Then, 6 = 1  = 4 4 2
1
6  Required equation is x  x   0 or2x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
2
b b 1 37 2
Also, 6 +  =   6   1
a a 6 6
(x  5)(5x  1)  x  5  (x  5)
188. 0    0
179. Let  be the root of the given quadratic equation. (3x  1)(x  3)  1
  
3 
x (x 3)
Then,  = 4  = ±2 
(a  3)
Again 2 =  ...(i) + + +
2
(a  3) 1 – 1 3 – 5
When  = 2, (i) becomes 4 =   a = –11
2 5 3
(a  3) 1 1
When  = –2, (i) becomes –4 =  a=5   x  or 3 < x < 5
2 5 3
189. Only option c is always false
180. p + q = –p and p . q = q
 2p + q = 0 and q = 0 or p = 1 3 1
190     and  
When q = 0, p = 0 (not possible) 2 2
 198 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

9 5  4  8 24
 2  2  (  )2  2  1  6 2    m  m = 3.
4 4 m  m 8
1 5 1
Also,  22  . So required equation is x 2  x   0
4 4 4 200. Let x  0. Then x = |x|
 4x2 – 5x + 1 = 0 x |x|
 | x | [From given equation]
x 1 | x  1|
191. We have 32x – 18  3x + 81 = 0 ...(i)
Let 3x = y, so equation (i) becomes y2 – 18y + 81 = 0 |x| |x|  a |a | 
  | x |  b  | b | , b  0 
 (y – 9)2 = 0  y = 9. Now, 3x = 32  x = 2 | x  1| | x  1|  
1 1  3  |x| = 0  x=0
192.  +  = –3 and  = – 4,    Now, let x < 0. Then x = –|x|.
   4 x |x|
Thus,  | x |
193. In the equation x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0, both the roots are x 1 | x  1|
imaginary. x  |a| a 
2 |x|0  | b |  b , b  0 
a b c x 1  
Since a, b, c  R, we have  
1 2 3  a |a | 
 2 
Hence a : b : c :: 1 : 2 : 3 |x|  1  0  b  | b | , b  0 
| x  1 |   
194. We have, px2 + qx + r = 0  |x| = 0 which is impossible since x < 0.
rp 2
But q   2px2 + (r + p)x + 2r = 0 So,  1  0  |x – 1| = –2 which is impossible since
2 | x  1|
rp modulus is always non-negative.
    4  9p = –r
2p So, x = 0 is the only solution. Number of real values is 1.
2r r 9p
and       9
2p p p 201. Now, sin 2   cos 2   1,  
195. At a = b = c = m (say), the given equation becomes  (sin + cos)2 – 2sin . cos = 1
 b 
2
(x – m)2 = 0. This is a quadratic equation of equal roots. c
    2   1
 
a a
196. Given, |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2 [ sin and cos are the roots of the equation
b
Case I: x2 – x – 6 < 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0  sum of roots = and product of
 (x – 3)(x + 2) < 0  –2 < x < 3 c a
In this case, the equation becomes x2 – x – 6 = –x – 2 roots = ]
a
or x2 – 4 = 0  x = ±2  b2 – 2ac = a2  a2 – b2 + 2ac = 0
Clearly, x = 2 satisfies the domain of the equation in this
case. So, x = 2 is a solution. x 2  bx m  1
202. 
Case II: x2 – x – 6  0. So x  –2 or x  3 ax  c m 1
Then, equation reduces to x2 – x – 6 = x + 2  (m + 1)x2 – b(m + 1)x = a(m – 1)x – c(m – 1)
i.e., x2 – 2x – 8 = 0 or x = –2, 4  (m + 1)x2 + {–bm – b – am + a}x + c(m – 1) = 0
Both these values in the domain of the equation, so  (m + 1)x2 + {a – b – m(a + b)}x + c(m – 1) = 0
x = –2, 4 are the roots. Hence, roots are x = –2, 2, 4. Now the given equation has roots which are numerically
equal but opposite sign. So, sum of roots = 0
ab
198. ,  are the roots of equation x2 – (a – 2)x – a – 1 = 0  {a – b – m(a + b)} = 0  m=
ab
 +  = a – 2 and  = –(a + 1)
2 +  2 = ( +  – 2 = (a – 2)2 + 2(a + 1) 203. Here, |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0
= a2 – 2a + 6 – a2 – 2a + 1 + 5 = (a – 1)2 + 5  5  |x|2 – 2|x| – |x| + 2 = 0  |x|(|x| – 2) – 1(|x| – 2) = 0
 2 +  2 is least if (a – 1)2 = 0  a = 1  (|x| – 1)(|x| – 2) = 0
So, |x| = 1,  x = ±1 or, |x| = 2,  x = ±2
So, there are 4 real roots
14 8
199. 1   2  ....(i) and 1 2  ...(ii)
m m 204. Sum of roots = 1. One root = 1 + i
Also 1 = 62 ....(iii)
So, the other root = sum – (value of one root)
Substituting (iii) in (i), we get
= 1 – (1 + i) = –i
14 14 2
6 2   2   7 2   2  ...(iv)
m m m 205. For equal roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
8
Substituting (iii) and (iv) in (ii), we get 6 22  b2 = 4ac
m  For equation 2x 2  2 6x  a  0
Algebra 199
46=42aa=3 b c
      ;  
a 3a
206. x2 + 15|x| + 14 = 0  |x2| + 15|x| + 14 = 0  New roots are ,    = 3,  = 3
 (|x| + 14)(|x| + 1) = 0 3b 3c
 |x| = –14, –1 (Both are impossible as |x|  0)  +  = 3( + ) =  ;  = 3 . 3 =
a a
no solution  Quadratic equation is x2 – ( + )x +  = 0
2 3b 3c
207. (a + 1)x2 – (a + 2)x + (a + 3) = 0  x  x  0  ax2 + 3bx + 3c = 0
a a
let the roots be , –
a2
 Sum of roots =   ( )  213. x2 + 2x + n > 0  x
a 1
 a + 2 = 0  a = –2 or (x2 + 2x + 1) + n – 1 > 10
a 3 or (x + 1)2 + (n – 1) > 10
Product of roots =  () 
a 1 or n > 10 + 1 – (x + 1)2 or n > 11 – (x + 1)2
2  3
   2
 1    1    1
2 Since (x + 1)2  0 n > 11
2  1
a a a
So, roots are 1, –1 or ,  i.e.  214. Given equation is x2 – 2ax + a2 = 0
2 2 2
Let x1, x2 be the roots of given equation such that
208. x2 + 4ax + 2 > 0  Coeff of x2 > 0 x  x2
x1 + x2 = 2a or 1 a ...(1)
So given inequality holds  x  R iff 2
D < 0  16a2 – 4  2 < 0 x1x2 = a2 or x1x 2  a ...(2)
 16a2 – 8 < 0  8(2a2 – 1) < 0 Since and G are A.M. and G.M. between roots x1 and x2
1 1 x1  x 2
 8( 2a  1)( 2a  1)  0   a  A , G  x1x 2
2 2 2
Using Eq. (1) and (2) we get A = G.
209. If 2 – i is the root then 2 + i is also the root
Sum of roots = 2 – i + 2 + i = 4 215. Given, x2 + ax + 1 = 0
12 Let roots be  and , then  +  = –1 and  = 1
 4  a = –3
a
b |    |  (  )2  4  |    |  a 2  4
Product of roots = = (2 – i)(2 + i)
a
b
 = 4 – (i)2 = 4 + 1 = 5 Since, |    | 5  a 2  4  5
a
 b = 5  (–3)  b = –15 ab = –3  (–15) = 45  a2 – 4 < 5  a2 < 9  –3 < a < 3.

1 1 1 1 1
210.   216. sec + cosec = p = 
x p x q r sin  cos 
 (x + q + x + p)r = (x + p)(x + q)
1
 (2x + p + q)r = x2 + (p + q)x + pq sec cosec = q =
sin  . cos 
 x2 + (p + q – 2r)x + pq – pr – qr = 0
(sin   cos ) 2 sin 2   cos 2   2 sin  cos 
Since roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign p2 = 
 Sum of roots = 0 sin 2  cos 2  sin 2  cos 2 
1
 –(p + q – 2r) = 0  p + q = 2r 1 2
q q2
=  q2    q(q  2)
211. Since, 4 is a root of x2 + ax + 12 = 0, so it must satisfy the 1  q 
equation q2
 16 + 4a + 12 = 0  a = –7 217. For x < 0, –x = x2 + x – 4  x2 + 2x – 4 = 0
Let the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 be  and . 2  4  16 20
[ Roots of this equation are given as equal] x=  1 
7 2 2
 2 = –a  = 20
2 2 But x < 0 so will take only 1 
7 49 2
and  .  = b    = b  b = For x  0, x = x2 + x – 4  x2 – 4 = 0
2 4
x2 = 4  x = ±2
212. 3ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 as x  0 we will take only x = 2. So only 2 roots are possible.
Let roots of given equation are , . 2
218. 2 x  2x  23  x2 – 2x – 3 = 0
 x2 – 3x + x – 3 = 0  (x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
 200 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

Since |x + 4| > 0  x  R except for x = – 4

 x = 3, –1
 for x = –4, (i) do not exist.
 x2 + 6x – 7 < 0 for given inequation
219. Modulus is always positive.
or x2 + 7x – x – 7 < 0 or (x + 7)(x – 1) < 0 or x  (–7, 1)
 Solution set of (i) is (–7, –4)  (–4, 1)
220. x2 + 2 = 8x + 6
 x2 – 8x + 2 – 6 = 0
Roots of equation are real So, D  0
226. Given, (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... a2nx2n
(8) 2  4 . (1) . ( 2  6)  0
Substituting, x = 1, , 2, we get
 64 – 42 + 24  0  42 – 24 – 64  0
3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + .... a2n ...(i)
 – 6 – 16  0 and ( + 2)( – 8)  0
2
  –2 and   8 So, –2    8 Substitute x = 
(1 +  + 2)n = a0 + a1 + a22 + .... a2n2n
3ax
221. x 
2
 1  a 2 is positive 0 = a0 + a1 + a2 + .... a2n2n ...(ii)
2
3ax Substitute x = 2
x2  1 a2  0  9a2 – 4(2)(2 – 2a2) < 0
2 (1 + 2 + 4)n = a0 + a12 + a24 + .... a2n(2)2n
 9a2 – 16 + 16a2 < 0  25a2 – 16 < 0 0 = a0 + a12 + a2 + a3 +.... a2nn ...(iii)
16 4
 25a2 < 16  a2 <  |a| Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
25 5
(a0 + a0 + a0) + a1(1 +  + 2) + ... + a2n(1 + 2n + n)
222. Given equation 2x3 – 9x2 + kx – 13 = 0 = 3n + 0 + 0
Given that one root is 2 + 3i.  Other root will be 2 – 3i  3(a0 + a3 + a6 + ....) = 3n  a0 + a3 + a6 + ... = 3n – 1
Let  be the real root.
13 227. Given equations of curves are
Product of roots = (2 + 3i)(2 – 3i) =
2 y
13 1 y = 2sinx or = sinx .... (i) and y = 5x2 + 2x + 3.... (ii)
 (4 + 9) = = 2
2 2 y
From (i), –1  sinx  1  –1   1 or –2  y  2 ....(iii)
2
 2 2 1 3 1 
223. ab = 1 hold iff From (ii), y = 5x2 + 2x + 3 = 5  x  x    
1) a = 1, b  R 2) b = 0, a  0 2 5 25 5 25 
 1  14 
2
 1  14
The first possibility yields, x2 – 5x + 5 = 1 = 5  x      5 x   
 x2 – 5x + 4 = 0  (x – 1)(x – 4) = 0  5 25   5 5
  2
 x = 1, 4  1
Above expression has min. value if  x   is 0
The 2nd possibility yields, x2 + 4x – 60 = 0  5
14
 (x + 10)(x – 6) = 0  x = –10, 6  y  2.8 ....(iv)
At these values the base if positive. 5
 From (iii) and (iv), we get that there does not exist any
The sum of all values = 1 + 4 + 6 – 10 = 1 value of y at which two curves intersect.
But none of it matches.
Allow the base to be –1. Then 228. We have  +  +  = 3,
x2 – 5x + 5 = –1  x2 – 5x + 6 = 0  x = 2, 3  +  +  = 2 and  = 1
At x = 2, x2 + 4x – 60 = even Now (1 – )(1 – )(1 – ) = (1 –  – + )(1 –)
At x = 3, x2 + 4x – 60 = odd = (1 –  – +  –+  + – )
So, x = 2 is selected = [1 – ( + + ) + ( +  + ) – ]
Sum of values of x = –10 + 6 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 3. = [1 – 3 + 2 – 1] = –1
This is the best answer out of choices.

dy 229. x3 + 0x2 + 4x + 2 = 0,  +  +  = 0
224. Let y = x2 – 8x + 17   2x  8  3 + 3 + 3 = 3 = 3(–2) = –6
dx
dy
Put =0  2x – 8 = 0  x = 4
dx
2
d y 230. x2 + bx – 1 = 0, and x2 + x + b = 0, have a common root
Since 28  y is minimum at x = 4 x2 x 1
dx 2 then 2  
 (Min y)z = 4 = (4) – 8(4) + 17 = 16 – 32 + 17 = 1
2
b 1  1  b 1  b
b 1 b2  1
Thus x  and x 2
x 2  6x  7 b 1 1 b
225. Given equation is 0 ...(i) (b  1) 2
b 1
2
|x4| We have   (b2 + 1)(1 – b) = (b + 1)2
(b  1) 2 1  b
Algebra 201
 b2 – b3 + 1 – b = b2 + 2b + 1 Ten’s digit can be filled in 8 days
 b3 + 3b = 0  b = 0 and b2 = –3 One’s digit can be filled in 7 days
A possible value of b is i 3 So, number of 4 digit numbers = 9  9  8  7 = 4536

231. |x – 2|2 + |x – 2| – 2 = 0 is 240. Total number of 3 digit numbers = 9  10  10 = 900

Let |x – 2| = t t2 + t – 2 = 0 Number of 3 digit numbers in which 2 does not appear
 (t + 2)(t – 1) = 0  t = –2 or 1 = 8  9  9 = 648
If t = –2 then |x – 2| = –2, but modulus of any value is non  Number of 3 - digit numbers in which at least one digit
negative, so it has no solution. is 2 = 900 – 648 = 252
If t = 1 then |x – 2| = 1  x – 2 = ±1  x = 3 or 1
 Sum of roots = 3 + 1 = 4 241. There are 4 digits, now, we put 1 in the units place and
arrange the rest. This can be done in 3 or 6 ways. This
232. x 4  x 4  20  22 means digit 1 occurs 6 times in unit’s place. Similarly each
of 2, 3, 4 occurs 6 times in unit’s place.
 x 4  20  x 4  20  22  20 So sum of digits in the unit’s place is 6(1 + 2 + 3 + 4)
 (x 4  20)  x 4  20  42 = 6  10 = 60
300  5
242. The number of newspapers is  25
Let x 4  20 = y  y2 + y – 42 = 0 60
Hence, the number of real roots of the equation is 2.
243. Number will be even if unit’s place is filled by 0, 2 or 4.
Permutations
Case I: If unit place is filled by 0. Since there are three
places and 6 digits. One digit ‘0’ is used at unit place, then
ten’s place can be filled by 5 digits and hundred’s place by
233. Total number of ways = 6  6  5  4  3  2  1 = 4320 4 digits.
 Total number of ways = 5  4  1 = 20
234. Total number of four digit numbers = 3  3  2  1 = 18 Case II: If unit place can be filled by 2. As unit place is
Number of four digit numbers divisible by 5 = 6 + 4 = 10 filled by 2 and digit 0 can’t be used at hundred’s place
 Required numbers = 18 – 10 = 8 therefore hundred’s place can be filled in 4 ways (1, 3, 4,
5) and ten’s place also in 4 ways (0 can be used at ten’s
235. We count the number of points on line x = n, 1  n < 40. place).
that lie in the interior of the angle.  Total number of ways = 4  4  1 = 16
At line x = 40, we have 0 point Case III: If unit place can be filled by 4. As unit place is
x = 39, we have 1 point filled by 4 and again hundred’s place and ten’s place is
..... filled in the same manner as in case I.
x = n, we have (40 – n) points  Total number of ways = 4  4  1 = 16
The total number of points = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 39  Total number of even numbers = 20 + 16 + 16 = 52
1
=  39  40  39  20  780
2 244. Since, each letter can be posted in any one of the five
different letter boxes. So, a letter can be posted in 5 ways.
236. No. of ways = 7  7  6  5  4 = 5880
Since, there are six letters and each can be posted in 5
ways. So, total number of ways
237. A five digit number is to be formed using digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
= 5  5  5  5  5  5 = 56
4 and 5 divisible by 3 which is only possible when sum of
the digits is a multiple of 3.
Case 1: (using digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 245.
Total numbers = 4  4  3  2  1 = 96
Case II: (using digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Total numbers = 5  4  3  2  1 = 120
 Total numbers formed = 120 + 96 = 216 I II III IV V
Place I can be filled by 3 digits 1, 2, 4 otherwise number will
238. a is odd means a = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 be greater than 40,000.
b is divisible by 3 means b = 0, 3, 6, 9 Place II can be filled by 4 digits (  Repetition is not
c is even means c = 0 2, 4, 6, 8 allowed)
d is prime means d = 2, 3, 5, 7 Place III can be filled by 3 digits place IV, V can be filled
Total number of four digit numbers = 5  4  5  4 = 400 by 2 and 1 digits respectively.
Hence, number of ways, 3  4  3  2  1 = 72 ways.
239. Thousand’s digit can be filled in 9 ways from 1 to 9
Hundred’s digit can be filled in 9 ways. 246. Number of ways in which a student can give answer
 202 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

cards) and 1 set (containing only one card represented as

= 4  4  4 = 64
52 52
There is only one way to get all answers correct. 
 Numbers of ways a student can fail to get all answrs 17 17 17 3 1 ( 17)3 3
correct = 64 – 1 = 63
6  6!
256. Number of numbers formed =  360
247. In 10 digit numbers, each place can be filled by either 1 or 2!  3!
2.
 There is equal no. of 2 ways at each place. 257. Numbers having 5 digits = 5  120
 Required ways = 2  2  .... upto ten times = 210 Numbers having 4 digits = (3) (4) (3) (2) = 72
As the first digit can be filled in 3 ways, viz 6, 7 and 8 and
248. We have E, E, N, Q, U as repetition is not allowed, the other choices are 4, 3 and
According to the English dictionary 2 in that order.
(i) Words starts with E  Required number of ways = 192
E = 4 ! = 24
(ii)Words starts with N 258. Article is a seven letter word, in which there are 3 vowels
4! and 4 consonants. Since we have to rearrange consonants
N =  12 at even places
2!
(iii) Words starts with QE    
QE =3!=6 Here denotes odd places and  denotes even places.
(iv) Words starts with QN There are 4 odd places and 4 even places.
3!  Number of arrangement of vowels = 4P3
QN = 3
2! Number of arrangement of consonants = 4P4
(v) Word QUEEN = 1  Total number of arrangements = 4P3  4P4 = 576
So, according to the English dictionary, the word QUEEN
will be at (24 + 12 + 6 + 3 + 1)th position = 46th position. 259. (m + 4) (m + 5) = 22(m – 1) (Using given relation)
 m2 – 13m + 42 = 0  m = 7, 6
249. Number of words that can be formed by using all 7 letters  m1 + m2 = 13
of word PROBLEM only once is 7!
260. Given 56Pr + 6 : 54Pr + 3 = 30800 : 1
250. 1st digit must be other than 0 (zero) i.e. 9 ways. 56!  (51  r)! 30800
 Other 4 digits can be filled in 9P4 ways  (50  r)!  54!  1
 Total no. of numbers having 5 (distinct) digits = 9  9P4
 56  55  (51 – r) = 30800
 51 – r = 10  r = 41
251. The number of words in all formed by using the letters of
5!  4  5  9  8!
 60 1 5

the word SMALL = 261. 8!     9 Pr  8! 
2!
 3! 4!  4!  (9  r)!
Let’s count backwards.
 4! = (9 – r)! =  r=5
The 59th word is SMLAL
 58th word is SMALL 262. 12Pr = 11P6 + 6 . 11P5, then r = 6

252. We have nP4 = 5nP3 263. m + nP2 = 90 and m – nP2 = 30

n! n! (m  n)!
 5 n–3–5n=8 m + nP =  90  (m + n) (m + n – 1) = 90
(n  4)! (n  3)! 2 (m  n – 2)!
Let (m + n) = x
6!  x(x – 1) = 90 or x2 – x – 90 = 0
253. Required number of ways =
2!  (x – 10)(x + 9) = 0
 x = 10  m + n = 10 [ m + n  –9] .....(i)
254. Arranging in alphabetical order  C, C, H, I, N, O
(m – n)!
CC .....  4! Now, m – nP2 = (m – n – 2)!  30
CH .....  4!
CI .....  4!  (m – n)(m – n – 1) = 30
CN .....  4! Let m – n = y  y(y – 1) = 30 or y2 – y – 30 = 0
COCHIN  I  (y – 6)(y + 5) = 0  m – n = 6 [ m – n  –5] .....(i)
 No. of words before COCHIN = 4! + 4! + 4! + 4! = 96 From (i) and (ii). we get m = 8, n = 2

255. 52 cards are divided into 3 equals sets (each containing 17 264. Since coins are identical and we have to find the number
of ways of getting 3 heads and 3 tails.
Algebra 203
6! iii. 7 – x  x – 3  x  5
 Total number of ways =  20
3!3!  3x5  Domain is {3, 4, 5}
1 2n 1  (2n)!  (2n)(2n  1)(2n  2) .... 3.2.1  Range = {f(3), f(4), f(5)}
265. ( Pn )   = f(3) = 7 – 3P0 = 1, f(4) = 3P1 = 3, f(5) = 2P2 = 2
2 n
2n  n!  2n  n!
 Range f = {1, 2, 3}
[(2n)(2n  2) .... 6.4.2][(2n  1)(2n  3) ..... 5.3.1]
=
2n  n! 274. There are two possibilities:
2 (n(n  1) .... 3.2.1)(1.3.5 ..... (2n  1))
n (1) The digits used are 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3.
= 7
2n (n!) The number of numbers formed =  42
2  (n!)(1.3.5 ..... (2n  1))
n 5
=  1  3  5  ....  (2n  1) (2) The digits used are 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2.
2n . (n!) 7 .6.5
The number of numbers formed =   35
266. Required numbers of ways 43 6
The total number of numbers = 42 + 35 = 77
 1 1 1 1 1
= 5! 1        44
 1! 2! 3! 4! 5! 275. Let the number of persons be n
One person out of n persons will handshake with (n –1)
267. There are 10 letters in the word IRRATIONAL in which
persons
there are 2’I’, 2’R’ and 2’A’
Second person out of (n – 1) persons will handshake with
10! 10!
 No of words =  (n –2) persons
2!2!2! (2!)3 Third person out of (n – 2) persons will handshake with
268. Four speakers will address a meeting in 4! = 24 different (n –3) persons
ways in which half no. of cases will be such that P speaks ................................................
before Q and half no. of cases will be such that P speaks ................................................
after Q ................................................
 Required no. of ways = 24/2 = 12. (n – 1)th person out of 2 persons will handshake with 1
person. So total no. of handshakes
n
269. (n + 2)! = 2550  n! = (n –1) + (n – 2) + ...... + 2 + 1 = (n  1)
(n  2)! 2
  2550  (n + 2)(n + 1) = 2550 n(n  1)
n!  = 66  (n – 12)(n + 11) = 0
2
 n + 3n – 2548 = 0
2  (n + 52)(n – 49) = 0  n = 12 ( n  –11)
 n = 49 [–ve value ignored since fractional is defined for
non-negative values only] 10!
276. Required number of ways = = 2100
4!  3!  3!  2!
271. There are 4 odd places
 3 vowels (O, I, E) can be arranged in 4 places in 3P4 = 277. For odd number 1, 5 or 7 should be at the unit place. At
24 ways the lakh’s place 0 can’t be there, so the lakh’s place can be
Remaining 4 letters (C, M, B, N) can be arranged in filled by any one of four numbers.
remaining 4 palces in 4! = 24 ways. Rest of the four middle placed can be arranged in 4P 4
 Required number of permutations = 24  24 = 576 ways. So, number of odd numbers = 4  4P4  3
= 4  4  3  2  3 = 288
272. Pm = mPm = m! 278. Number of ways in which five boys can be seated around
So 1 + 1.P1 + 2.P2 + 3.P3 + ...+ n.Pn a round-table = 4! = 24
= 1 + 1 + 2.2! + 3.3.! + 4.4! + ... + n.n!
279. Considering all E’s as one letter, 2 N’s and 2 C’s are also

 r.r!  1   {(r  1)  1}r!

n n
there.
= 1 9!
r 1 r 1 So, number of permutations =

 [(r  1)!  r!]

n n 2!2!
= 1 [(r  1)r!  r!]  1  280. Position of A and N is fixed. Remaining 6 letters can be
r 1 r 1 arranged in 6! ways i.e., 6  5  4  3  2  1 = 720
= 1 + [2! – 1! + 3! – 2! + 4! – 3! + ... + (n + 1)! – n!]
= 2 + ((n + 1)! – 1!) = (n + 1)! 281. We can do casework on number of ladies and men to be
invited.
X, Y can satisfy the condition in 4 ways.
273. The function f(x) = 7 – xPx – 3 is defined if x is whole i. X invites 3 ladies and Y invites 3 men
number satisfying ii. X invites 2 ladies, 1 man and Y invites 1 lady, 2 men
i. 7 – x  0  x  7 ii. x – 3  0  x  3
 204 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

iii. X invites 1 lady, 2 men and Y invites 2 ladies, 1 man r!(5  r)! r!(6  r)! r!(4  r)!
iv. X invites 3 men and Y invites 3 ladies. 288.  
5! 6! 4!
The number of ways  6(5 – r) + (6 – r)(5 – r) = 6  5
= 4 C 3. 4C 3 + 4C 2 . 3C 1. 3C 1 .4 C 2 + 4 C1 . 3C 2. 3C 2 . 4C 1 +  r2 – 17r + 30 = 0  r = 2, 15  r  15,  r = 2
3C .3C = 16 + 324 + 144 + 1 = 485
3 3
289. nCr – 1 = 36 ...(i) nCr = 84 ...(ii), nCr + 1 = 126 ....(iii)
282. Required number of ways = 7! – 6!  2 r

3
(i)  (ii), we get  7r – 3n – 3r + 3
= 7  6! – 6!  2 = 5  6! n  r 1 7
 10r = 3n + 3 ...(iv)
Combinations r 1 2

(ii)  (iii), we get  3r + 3 = 2n – 2r
nr 3
n(n  3)  5r = 2n – 3 ...(v)
283. Number of diagonals in n-sided polygon = From (iv) and (v), we get 3n + 3 = 4n – 6  n = 9.
2
6(6  3)  nC8 = 9C8 = 9
 Number of diagonals in hexagon = =9
2
290. To form a triangle, 3 line segments are needed. We can
284. Given, nCr – 1 = 36, nCr = 84, nCr + 1 = 126 choose 3 line segments from 5 line segments in 5C3 ways.
n
Cr n  r 1 We know that in a triangle, sum of two sides is always
Since, n 
Cr 1 r greater than third side.
84 n  r  1 So, line segments of length (2, 3, 5) (2, 3, 6) and (2, 4, 6) do
n  r 1 7
    not form any triangle.
36 r r 3  Total number of triangles formed = 5C3 – 3
 7r = 3n – 3r + 3  10r = 3n + 3 ...(i)
n
Cr r 1 84 r 1 291. Tm + 1 – Tm = 15  (m + 1)C3 – mC3 = 15
Also,   
n
Cr 1 n  r 126 n  r On verifying from the options, we get m = 6
r 1 2
   3r + 3 = 2n – 2r  5r = 2n – 3 ...(ii) 292. Number of ways of selecting 1st team from 15 men and 15
nr 3
Solving (i) and (ii), we get r = 3 women = 15C1  15C1 = 152
2nd team = 14C1  14C1 = 142 and so on.
285. We have xC15 = xC14  x = 14 + 15  x = 29 So, total number of ways = 12 + 22 + .... + 152
[ C2 = Cy  z = y or n = z + y] So, xC29 = 29C29 = 1
n n 15  16  31
= = 1240
6
286. We have nC2 + nC3 = 6C3
293. Number of ways of selection of three elements in A such
n! n! 6!
   that f(x) = y2 is 7C3
(n  2)!2! (n  3)!3! 3!3!
Now ofr remaining 4 elements in A, we have 2 elements in
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
   20 B
2 6  Total number of onto functions
 n(n – 1)(n + 1) = 120  (n + 1)n(n – 1) = 6  5  4 = 7C3  (24 – 2C1(2 – 1)4) = 7C3  14
n=5
Now, 5Cx = 5C3  x = 3 or x = 2 ( nCr = nCn – r) n(n  1)
294. nC2 – n = 54   n = 54

 18 Ck  18 Ck
18 18 2
287. We have
k
a
1  n – 3n – 108 = 0
2  n = 12
k 0 k 0
1 2 18 295. We have, 32P6 = k(32C6)
 0   ....  32! 32!
18
C1 18
C2 C18 18
 k  k = 6!  k = 720
(32  6)! 6!(32  6)!
 1 1 1 
= a  18   ...  
 C0
18
C1 18
C18  11 24(x  1)
296.   11(x2 – 3x + 1) = 72 + 72
 1 1 1  9 3 (x  2)(x  1)
 18  18   ...    11x2 – 105x – 50 = 0  (x – 1)(11x + 5) = 0
 C 18
C1 18
C8  18
C9
 0  5 
 1 1 1  a  x = 10  x  11 
= 2a  18   ...    
 C 18
C1 18
C8  18
C9
 0
On comparing, we get 2a = 18  a = 9
Algebra 205


n  n2 – n – 72 = 0  (n – 9)(n + 8) = 0
297. m Cr  1  k
Cr  mCr + 1 + [mCr + m + 1Cr + ... + nCr] n=9 ( n  –8)
km 305. Five ‘+’ can be arrange at 5 places in 1 way as shown
Using the formula, nCr – 1 + nCr = n + 1Cr
below
Combining first term of bracket, with mCr + 1, we get + + + + +

 k Cr  m  1Cr  1 m  1 Cr  .....  n Cr
n Now there are 6 boxes to place three ‘–’ as shown below:
m
Cr  1  + + + + +
km The number of arrangements of three ‘–’ in any three
Again combining, we get boxes out of 6 is the same as to choose 3 boxes out of 6.
 k Cr  m  2Cr  1  (m  2 Cr  .....  n Cr )
n
m
Cr  1  This is 6C3 i.e. 20
Hence the total number of ways = 1  20 = 20
km
On combining last term, we get

 k Cr  n  1Cr  1
n 306. In order to draw 3 balls, sixes cases arise:
m
Cr  1  Case Number of ways
km 1 black, 1 white, 1 red 3C  2C  4C = 24
1 black, 2 white, 0 red 3C1  2C1  4C1 = 3
C1 C C C 3C1  2C2  4C 0 = 18
298.  2 2  3 3  ....  n n 1 black, 0 white, 2 red
C0 C1 C2 Cn  1 2 black, 0 white, 1 red 3C1  2C0  4C2 = 12
3C2  2C0  4C1 = 18
n
Cr n  r 1 2 black, 1 white, 0 red
Using formula  3 black, 0 white, 0 red 3C2  2C1  4C0 = 12
n
Cr  1 r 3 0 0
Hence, total number of ways = 64
n
C1 n  1 n C3 n  2
n
C2 n
Cn 1
  n, ,  , ..,  308. nCr + nCr + 1 = n + 1Cx,
n
C0 n
C1 2 n
C2 3 n
Cn  1 n
 n 1  n2 1  n + 1Cr + 1 = n + 1Cx  n+1=x+r+1
 (n)  2.    3.    .....  n.
 2   3  n or r + 1 = x  x=n–r
n(n  1) or x = r + 1
= n + (n – 1) + (n – 2) + .... + 1 = n 
2
309. Number of lines = 12C2 – 3C2
30  29 8  7 12  11 3  2
299. 30 C 2  8 C2  1    1  408 =   63
2 2 2 2

300. Using the principle of inclusion and exclusion we have the 310. We have nC0 + nC1 + ..... + nCn = 2n and
number of ways in which card number 1 be placed in nC + 2 nC + 3 nC + ...... n nC = n . 2n – 1
1 2 3 n
envelope number 2
 C0 + 3C1 + 5C3 + 7C3 + .... (2n + 1)Cn
= 5! – {4C1 . 4! – 4C2 . 3! + 4C3 . 2! – 4C4 . 1!}
= 120 – {96 – 36 + 8 – 1} = 53 = [C0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + .....+ Cn] +
[2C1 + 4C2 + 6C3 + .....+ 2nCn]
301. nC10 = nC11  n = 10 + 11 = 21 n
= 2 + 2[C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + .... + nCn]
(using property is Cx = nCy, then either x = y or n = x + y}
n
= 2n + 2  n . 2n – 1 = 2n + n . 2n = (1 + n)2n
 nC21 = 21C21 = 1
311. No of triangles = 12C3 – 3C3 – 4C3 – 5C3 = 205
303. nCx = nCy  either x = y or n = x + y
n!
Here 10C1 = 10C9, 10C2 = 10C8, 10C3 = 10C7 and 10C4 = 312. nCr – 1 = 36  (n  r  1)!(r  1)!  36
10C
n!
6   36 .....(i)
 10C1 – 10C2 + 10 C3 – 10 C4 + 10C5 – 10C6 + 10C7 – (n  r  1)! (n  r)!(r  1)!
10C + 10C n! n!
8 9 nC = 84,   84   84 ....(ii)
= 2[10C1 – 10C2 + 10C3 – 10C4] + 10C5 r r! (n  r)! r(r  1)! (n  r)!
= 2[10 – 45 + 120 – 210] + 252 = 2 r 36
Dividing (i) by (ii) we get 
n  r  1 84
304. Here Tn = nC3  7r = 3n – 3r + 3  10r – 3n – 3 = 0
Now, Tn + 1 – T n = n + 1C3 – nC3  36 = nC2
313. 30 books can be distributed among 5 students in 30 C5
n(n  1) ways
 = 36  n(n – 1) = 72
2
 206 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

314. 10C0 + (10C1 + 10C2 + 10C3 + .... + 10C9) + 10C10 = 210 is n

Cr 1 70
 nr 5

 10C1 + 10C2 + .... + 10C9 = 210 – 2 Also n
Cr 56  r  1 4  4n = 9r + 5 .....(ii)
Eliminating n from (i) and (ii) we get
316. No. of diagonals = nC2 – n 9r + 5 = 4(3r – 1)  9r + 5 = 12r – 4  3r = 9  r = 3
100 . 99
= 100C2 – 100 =  100  4850
2 322. Required number = 6C2 + 6C3 + 6C4 + 6C5 + 6C6
n
= 15 + 20 + 15 + 6 + 1 = 57
317. We have to calculate  (r  1) n Cr
n n
r0
n n 324. 15C3 + 15C5 + .... + 15C15
=  r Cr   C r   n .
n n n 1
Cr 1   n
Cr = (15C1 + 15C3 + 15C5 + .... + 15C15) – 15C1
r0 r0 r 1 r0
n 1
[ r . n C r  n . 215
C r 1 ] =  15  214  15
= n . 2n – 1 + 2n = (n + 2) . 2n – 1 2

325. nC1 + 2 nC2 + .... + n nCn = 2n2

318. x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 10
n n k(n!)
The number of positive integral solution is   k n Ck  2n 2    2n 2
6 + 4 – 1C 9 k 1 k 1 k!(n  k)!
4 – 1 = C3 n k . n (n  1)!
It is the same as the number of ways of choosing any 3    2n 2
balls from 9 different places. k  1 k(k  1)! (n  k)!
n (n  1)! n
  2n 2  
n 1
n Ck  1  2n
319. We have 2n + 1C1 + 2n + 1C2 + .... + 2n + 1Cn = 255 k 1 (k  1)! (n  k)! k 1
Now, 2n + 1C0 = 2n + 1C2n + 1  2n – 1 = 2n.
[ nCa = nCn – a for a = 0, 1, ...., n] n = 4 satisfy the above equality. Hence, n = 4.

 j( j  1) 10C j   j( j  1) .
2n + 1C = 2n + 1C
10(10  1) 8
10
1 2n
326. S1  . Cj 2
................................... j( j  1)
2n + 1C = 2n + 1C j 1
n n+1 10
Adding above identities = 9  10  8 C j  2  90  28
j 2

  j 9C j  1  10  29
2n + 1C + 2n + 1C + ..... + 2n + 1C
0 1 n 10 10
= 2n + 1Cn + 1 .... + 2n + 1C2n + 2n + 1C2n +1 S2  j 10 C j  10
j 1 j 1
 2(2n + 1C0 + 2n + 1C1 + ..... + 2n + 1Cn) =
 j2 10C j   ( j( j  1)  j) . 10C j
10 10
2n + 1C + 2n + 1C .... + 2n + 1C + 2n + 1C S3 
0 n 2n 2n +1
j 1 j 1
 2(2n + 1C0 + 2n + 1C1 + ..... + 2n + 1Cn) = 22n + 1
10 10
 2n + 1C1 + 2n + 1C2 + ..... + 2n + 1Cn= 22n + 1 =  j( j  1) 10 C j   j .10 C j
j 1 j 1
Note = 22n + 1 = 255  22n = 28  2n = 8  n = 4
= 90 . 28 + 10 . 29 = (45 + 10)29 = 55 . 29.
Thus statement - 1 is true and statement - 2 is false.
320. nC3 + nC4 > n + 1C3
n! n! (n  1)! 98
   327. Number of ways = (3C2)  (9C2) = 3   108
(n  3)!3! (n  4)!4! (n  2)!3! 2
1 1 n 1
   328. Total no of boys = 20 and total no. of girls = 30
n  3 4 (n  2)(n  3)
 The number of ways of selecting a boy and a girl is
 (1 + n)(n – 2) > 4(n + 1)  n > 6 20C  30C = 20  30 = 600 ways.
1 1
 n! 
  330. Total number of points = m + n + k
Cr n
 r!(n  r)! 56
321. We have n    Total no. of triangles formed by these points taking
C r 1 n! 28
three points is m + n + kC3
(r  1)!(n  r  1)!
But out of these m + n + k, points m lies on L1, n on L2
n  r 1
  2  n – r + 1 = 2  n = 3r – 1 .....(i) and k on L3. By joining three points on same line we do
r not get a . Hence total no. of triangles is
m + n + kC – mC – nC – kC
3 3 3 3
Algebra 207
 an – bn = (a – b)  [nC1bn – 1 + nC2bn – 2(a – b) + ...
331. Number of triangles = 10C3 = 120 + nCn (a – b)n – 1]
332. The number of diagonals of a polygon of n sides is  an – bn is always divisible by (a – b)
nC – n  34n – 43n = (34)n – (43)n = 81n – 64n
2
 Number of diagonals of 20 sides = 20C2 – 20 = 170  34n – 43n is always divisible by (81 – 64) = 17

334. 15C8 + 15C9 – 15C6 – 15C7 1 

6
1
6
0 6 1
5
344.   2x   C0   (2x)  C1   (2x)
6 1
= 15C15 – 8 + 15C15 – 9 – 15C6 – 15C7 ( nCr = nCn – r) x  x x
4 3 2
1 1 1
= 15C7 + 15C6 – 15C6 – 15C7 = 0  6 C2   (2x)2  6 C3   (2x)3  6 C4   (2x)4
x x x
1 0
335. We have to find the number of integral solutions if 1 1
 6 C5   (2x)5  6 C6   (2x)6
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 6 and that equals 5 + 6 – 1C5 – 1 x x
= 10C4. Thus statement-1 is false. 1
6
1
4
1
2
=    12    60   160  240x  192x  64x
2 4 6
Number of different ways of arranging 6A’s and 4B’s in a
10 x x x
row =  10 C4 = Number of different ways the child = Sum of coefficients = 1 + 12 + 60 + 160 + 240 + 192 + 64
6 4 = 729
can buy the six ice-creams.
 Statement-2 is true 346. ( 3  1)2n  ( 3  1) 2n

336. Leaving S, we have 7 letters M, I, I, I, P, P, I = 2[ 2n C1 ( 3) 2n 1  2n C3 ( 3)2n 3  ...]

7 is an irrational number.
Ways of arranging them = 2 4  7.5.3
And four S can be put in 8 places in 8C4 ways. 347. (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + ... + nCnxn
The required number of ways = 7.5.3.8C4 = 7 . 6C4 . 8C4 Putting x = –1, we get
3n! (1 – 1)n = nC0 – nC1 + nC2 + ... + nCn(–1)n
337. The required number of ways = 3nCn =  nC0 – nC1 + nC2 + ... + nCn(–1)n = 0 ...(i)
n!2n!
Putting x = 1, we get
338. From 8 given points 8C2 straight lines can be drawn. But
3 points are collinear. Using 3 points 3C2 straight lines can (1 + 1)n = nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ... + nCn
be drawn. So, total straight lines without the straight lines  nC0 + nC1 + nC2 + ... + nCn = 2n ...(ii)
using these 3 points = 8C2 – 3C2 (as 3 points are collinear) Adding (i) and (ii), we get
From 3 collinear points 1 straight line can be drawn. So, 2n + 0 = 2(nC0 + nC2 + .... + nCn)
total no. of straight lines = 8C2 – 3C2 + 1
8 7  2n – 1 = nC0 + nC2 + .... + nCn
=  3  1 = 26.
2
348. (1 + ax)n = 1  n C1 (ax)  n C 2 (ax)2  ....  a n x n
339. 16Cr = 16Cr + 2  16Cr = 16C14 – r  r = 14 – r
27
r = 7 On comparing coefficients, nC1a = 6, nC2a2 = we get
 rPr – 3 = 7P8 = 840 2
 an = 6 ....(i) & n(n – 1)a = 27
2 ....(ii)
(2n)! (2n)! From (ii), (n2 – n)a2 = 27
340. 2nPn =  n!  = n!  2nCn
n! n!n!  n2a2 – na2 = 27  36 – na2 = 27  na2 = 9 ...(iii)
na 2 9 3
Binomial Theorem Dividing (iii) by (i),
an
 a
6 2
3
341. (21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + .... + (21C10 – 10C10) Putting the value of a = in (i), n = 4.
2
= (21C1 + 21C2 + .. + 21C10) – (10C1 + 10C2 + .. + 10C10)
349. Let the consecutive integers be
221 10 20 10
= 2 = 2 – 2 n.(n + 1), (n + 2), ...., (n + (r – 1))
2 Product = n(n + 1)(n + 2) .... (n + (r – 1))
(n  1)!n(n  1)(n  2)....(n  (r  1))r! (n  r  1)
343. Using Binomial theorem, we have an = {(a – b) + b}n =  Cr r!
(n  1)!r!
 Product is divisible by r!
 208 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

n
350. The value of (7C0 + 7C1) + (7C1 + 7C2) + .... + (7C6 + 7C7)  2 4 
358. The number of terms in the expansion of 1   2  is
= 7 + 1C1 + 7 + 1C2 + .... + 7 + 1C7 = 8C1 + 8C2 + ... + 8C7 n + 2C  x x 
2
= 28 – 2 ( nC0 + nC1 + ... + nCn = 2n) We have n + 2C2 = 28 giving (n +1)(n + 2) = 56. Then
n=6
351. (5C0)2 + (5C1)2 + (5C2)2 + (5C3)2 + (5C4)2 + (5C5)2  Sum of coefficients = (1 – 2 + 4)6 = 36 = 729
= 2(5C0)2 + 2(5C1)2 + 2(5C2)2 = 2 + 50 + 200 = 252
47  1 359. The given expansion is,
352. Number of terms in (x + a)47 – (x – a)47 = = 24
2 (1 + x + x2 + x3)10 = (1 + x)10(1 + x2)10
n 1
[Number of terms in (a + b)n – (a – b)n is , when n = (1 + 10C1x + 10C2x2 + .... + 10C10x10)
2
is odd number] (1 + 10C1x2 + 10C2x4 + .... + 10C10x20)
 Coefficient of x2 = 10C1 + 10C2 = 55
353. Given expansion is (1 + x2)5(1 + x)4
= [5C0(x2)0 + 5C1(x2)1 + 5C2(x2)2 + 5C3(x2)3 + 5C4(x2)4 +
5C (x2)5][4C x0 + 4C x + 4C x2 + 4C x3 + 4C x4] 360. Since (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (x + 1)n is Tr + 1 =
5 0 1 2 3 4 nC (x)n – r ar
= [5C0 + 5C1x2 + 5C2x4 + 5C3x6 + 5C4x8 + 5C5x10] r 10
 1  1001
 T11 = T10 + 1 =
14
C10 (x)14  10   
[4C0 + 4C1x + 4C2x2 + 4C3x3 + 4C4x4]  x x
 Coefficient of x5 = 5C1 . 4C3 . 5C2 . 4C1 = 20 + 40 = 60
361. Required coefficient of x17
18  19
354. Given expansion is (1 – 2x)5= 5C0 – 5C1(2x) + 5C2(2x)2 = –(1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 18) = = –171
2
– 5C3(2x)3 + 5C4(2x)4 – 5C5(2x)5
 Coefficient of x = 5C4 . (2)4 = 80
4 362.  Tr + 1 = nCr(1)n – r (px)r  Tr + 1 = nCrpr xr
Coefficient of xr = nCr pr
355. Given, T7 = T8 Now coefficient of x = nC1p = 8 {put r = 1}
 nC6(2a)n – 6 (–3b)6 = nC7(2a)n – 7 (–3b)7  np = 8 ...(i)
Also, coefficient of x2 = nC2p2 = 24 {put r = 2}
n! n!
 (2a)n  6 (3b)6  (2a)n  7 ( 3b)7 n(n  1) 2 n(n  1)  8 
2
(n  6)!6! (n  7)!7!  p  24     24 (from (i))
2 2 n
1 (3b) 2a (n  6) 64(n  1)
 (2a)      24  4(n – 1) = 3n  n = 4
(n  6) 7 3b 7 2n
Applying componendo and dividendo, we get From (i), we get p = 2
a  3b 6  n  7 13  n n  13
   10
2a  3b 6  n  7  n  1 n  1  10 x 
363. Given expansion    . Since n = 10 is even
 x 10 
sin  
10
  t6
356. Given expansion is  x cos     Middle term = t n
10
 10 – r x  1
General term = Crx (cos) – r . (sin)r . x–r
10
5
2
5
= 10 Crx10 – 2r (cos) 10 – r . (sin)r  10   x 
 t 6  10 C5      10 C5
For the term independent of x, put 10 – 2r = 0  r = 5  x   10 
 The term independent of x is,  x
n
1 10
. C5 (sin 2)5 364. Given expansion is  2   . Let tr + 1 be general term
10C (cos)5 . (sin)5 =
 3
5 25 nr x
r
nr
So, the greatest value of the independent term is Then, t r  1  Cr 2
n
   Cr 2
n
. 3 r x r
5 3
 1  10 Since coefficients of x5 and x6 are equal
  C5
2  nC6 2n – 6 3–6 = nC5 2n – 5 3–5
n
C n 5
357. (1 – x + x2 – x3)4 = (1 – x)4(1 + x2)4  n 6  23  6  n  41
C5 6
= [4C0(–x)0 + 4C1(–x) + 4C2(–x)2 + 4C3(–x)3 + 4C4(–x)4]

18
 2 
18
 [4C0(x)0 + 4C1(x2) + 4C2(x2)2 + 4C3(x2)3 + 4C4(x2)4] 365.  x   
18
Cr x 9  r . (2) r
 x  r0
 Coefficient x4 = 4C0.4C2 + 4C2.4C1 + 4C4.4C0 = 31 The term will be independent if 9 – r = 0  r = 9
Algebra 209
 Required term = T9 + 1 = 18C9(–2)9 As given for r > 1, n > 2, 2nC3r = 2nCr + 2
Either 3r = r + 2 or 3r = 2n – (r + 2)
366. The given expansion is  r = 1 or n = 2r + 1
(1 – 2x)18 + ax(1 – 2x)18 + bx2(1 – 2x)18 We only take the relation n = 2r + 1 ( r > 1)
The coefficient of x3 is
(–2)3 . 18C3 + a(–2)2 . 18C2 + b(–2) . 18C1 = 0 ....(1)
2n
The coefficient of x4 is 372. Since 2n is even, the number of terms of or n
(–2)4 . 18C4 + a(–2)3 . 18C3 + b(–2)2 . 18C2 = 0 ....(2) 2
From (1) and (2), we get [ If n is even in {(x + a)n – (x – a)n}, then number of
n
153a – 9b = 1632 ...(3) & 3b – 32a = –240 ....(4) terms in expansion after simplification is ]
272 2
Solving (3) and (4), we get a = 16, b = .
3
373. General terms of (1 + x)15 = 15Crxr
367. T21 = 44C20x20, T22 = 44C21x21 Coefficient of (2r + 3)th term = 15C2r + 2
According to question, 44C20x20 = 44C21x21 Coefficient of (r – 1)th term 15Cr – 2
44
C 7 According to question, 15C2r + 2 = 15Cr – 2
 x  44 20  x 
C22 8
15 – 2r + 2 + r – 2 [ nCr – nCy  x – y or n = x + y]
13
 1 
368.  Tr + 1 in  ax 2   374. 1 + (1 + x) + ..... + (1 + x)20
 bx 
1  [(1  x)21  1] (1  x)21  1
a13  r 26  3r
r
2 13  r  1  = 
   Cr .
13 13
= Cr (ax ) .x (1  x)  1 x
 bx  br  Required coefficient of x16 = 21C11
For coefficient of x8, we have 26 – 3r = 8  r = 6
13 a7 375. Herem nC1, nC2, nC3 are in A.P.
 Coefficient of x8 = C6 6
b n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
 1 
13
13  r  1 
r
2 n  n = 7 [ n  2]
T in  ax    13
C r (ax)    2! 3!
 bx 2   bx 2 
 r+1
13  r  Sum of the coefficients of odd powers of x in the
a expansion of (1 + x)n is 2n/2 = 26 = 64
13
= Cr x13  3r ( 1) r
br
For coefficient of x–8, we have 13 – 3r = –8  r = 7 376. Now, A = 2nCn and B = 2n – 1Cn
a6
 Coefficient of x–8 =  C7 7
13 (2n  1)! n!n! n 1
b Thus B/A =   
n!(n  1)! (2n)! (2n) 2
a7 a6
Now, C6 6 =  C7 7  ab = –1  ab + 1 = 0
13 13
b b 377. (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 = ((1 – x) (1 – x2))6 = (1 – x)6(1 – x2)6

369.  (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + nCnxn ....(i) (1 – 6C1x2 + 6C2x4 – 6C3x6 + 6C4x8 – 6C5x10 + 6C6x12)
n n n
(r +1) = C0x + C1xn n – 1 n
+ C2xn – 2 n
+ Cn ....(ii) Coefficient of x7 = (–6C1)(–6C3) + (–6C3)(6C2)
On multiplying and equating the coefficient of xn from + (–6C5)(–6C1)
both sides = 6 . 20 – 20 . 15 + 6 . 6 = 120 – 300 + 36 = –144
2nC (nC )2 + (nC )2 + ..... + (nC )2
n 0 1 n 378. SInce, coefficient of (r – 5)th term = coefficient of (3r + 1)th
 (nC1)2 + (nC2)2 + (nC3)2 + .... + (nCn)2 = 2nCn – 1 term
r – 6 = C3r  r – 6 = 3r or 12 – r + 6 = 3r
12C 12
t6 n4
C5a n 1b5 t 5 n C4 a n  4 b4 18
370.  and   2r = – 6 or 4r = 18  r = –3 or r =
t5 n 4
C4 a n b 4 t 4 n C3a n 3b3 4
Hence, no value of r exists, because r can neither be
n4 n
C5 C4 negative nor in fraction.
Now,  a 1b   a 1b
n4 n
C4 C3
n n 3 379.  Coefficient of xn in (1 + x)2n is 2nCn = A and coefficient
   n = 15 of xn in (1 + x)2n – 1 is 2n – 1Cn = B
5 4
A 2n
Cn 2n n 2n  1  n 2n
   .  2
371. In the expansion of (1 + x)2n, the general term is 2nCk xk, B 2n 1
Cn nn 2n  1 n
0  k  2n
380. Let Tr + 1 = nCr(a)n – r(b)r be the rth term of the expansion
 210 MATHEMATICS  FOR N.D.A AND N.A

(a + b)n
8 2
x  x
3
Here a = 1, b = x
Tr + 1 = 15Cr(1)15 – r(x)r and 27 3
T(r + 3) + 1 = 15Cr + 3(1)15 – r – 3(x)r + 3
It is given that 15Cr = 15Cr + 3 (27)999 (28  1)999 28  1
386. We have,  
15! 15! 7 7 7
 (15  r)!r!  (15  r  3)!(r  3)! =
28  7  7  1 7(4  1)  6

7 7
 (12 – r)!(r + 3)(r + 2)(r + 1)  Remainder = 6
= (15 – r)(14 – r)(13 – r) (12 – r)! 387. (1 + x + x2)9 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ... + a18x18
 (r + 3)(r + 2) (r + 1) = (15 – r)(14 – r)(13 – r) (12 – r) Putting x = 1 and –1, we get
15 – r = r + 3  r = 6
39 = a0 + a1 + a2 + ... + a18 ....(i)
14 – r = r + 2  r = 6
13 – r = r + 1  r = 6 1 = a0 – a1 + a2 – ... + a18 ....(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii), we get
381.  t5 + t6 = 0
39  1
 nC4an–4(–2b)4 + nC5an – 5(–2b)5 = 0 = a0 + a2 + a4 + ... + a18
2
n n a 2b
 4 n  4 a  5 n  5 (2b)    a0 + a2 + a4 + ... + a18 = 9842, which is even but not
n4 5 divisible by 3 or 9.
a 2(n  4)
 
b 5

382. (x + y)100 + (x – y)100

= (100C0x100 + 100C1x99y + 100C2x98y2 + .... + 100C100y100
+ (100C0x100 – 100C1x99y + 100C2x98y2 – ...... + 100C100y100)
= 2[100C0x100 + 100C2x98y2 + 100C4x96y4 + .... + 100C100y100]
So total number of terms in the expansion is 51.
3
 (1  x)(1  x  x 2 ) 
383. (1  x  x )  
2 –3

 (1  x) 
3
1 x 3
 1 x 
 3
=     (1  x)3 (1  x 3 )3
  3
 1 x   1  x 
= (1 – 3x + 3x2 – x3) (1 + 3x3 + 6x6 + ....)
Coefficient of x6 = 1  6 – 1  3 = 6 – 3 = 3

Tr  1 n  r 1  b 
384.   
Tr r a
T3 n  1 b
For (a + b)n =  .
T2 2 a
T4 (n  3)  3  1  b 
For (a + b)n + 3 =  . 
T3 3 a
n 1 n 1
  (given)  3n – 3 = 2n + 2  n = 5
2 3

385. Given expansion is (2 – 3x3)20

 tr + 1 = 20Cr 220 – r (–3x3)r
 Putting r = 9, 10, we get t10 = 20C9 211 (–3x3)9,
t11 = 20C10 210 (–3x3)10
10  2  1 45  C9 10 
20
t 45
 10        
t11 22 11  1  3x 3 22  20 C10 11 