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Unit 5 EGD 3D Modelling

The document discusses 3D wireframe and surface modeling techniques in engineering drawing, detailing commands like VPOINT and UCS for generating models. It explains methods for locating points in space using various coordinate systems and provides command sequences for creating wireframe and surface models. Additionally, it covers the use of commands such as SHADEMODE, ELEV, 3DFACE, and PFACE for enhancing and finalizing 3D models.

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25 views32 pages

Unit 5 EGD 3D Modelling

The document discusses 3D wireframe and surface modeling techniques in engineering drawing, detailing commands like VPOINT and UCS for generating models. It explains methods for locating points in space using various coordinate systems and provides command sequences for creating wireframe and surface models. Additionally, it covers the use of commands such as SHADEMODE, ELEV, 3DFACE, and PFACE for enhancing and finalizing 3D models.

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jaij55724
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666 Engineering Drawing ICh. 26 GS 26-9-1. 3D WIREFRAME MODELLING Fé, It represents a model by it’s edge only. Nothing is between the edges and so cannot hide objects that are behind them. Fig. 26-28 shows a simple 3D Wireframe model. It is made of 18 lines with four circles represnting the edges of a round hole, It gives the look of 3D but it is not real 3D. You cannot apply Boolean operations on them and So cannot calculate the mass properties. It can be used as skeleton for surface and solid modeling. qq cS Commonly used 3D command to generate e. <> Ke) 3D wire frame model are discussed below: (1) VPOINT command: The VPOINT command is used to set the viewpoint in 3D space for CO) | viewing the 3D models. There are basic 4 isometric views to set view point. They are given below with their coordinates value to set. Enter any of this coordinate value against the command prompt. z FIG. 26-28 (South West Isometric view -1, -1, 1 (i) South East Isometric view 1, -1, 1 (iii) North East Isometric view 1,1, 1 (iv) North West Isometric view -1, 1, 1 The command sequence is given below. Command : VPOINT (_}) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or (Rotate] : 1, -1, 1 (J) Regenerating model. (2) UCS Command: The UCS command is used to set a new coordinate system by shifting the working XY plane to the desired location. ‘New’ option will create new UCS by “3point® or *Zaxis" method and *Move* option will shift the UCS at desired location by entering coordinates (X, Y, Z) or using Osnap magnet. The command sequence is given below. Command: UCS (,}) Current ucs name: *WORLD* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/.... World] : Methods to Locate Points in Space to generate 3D Wireframe Model. : (1) 3D Absolute Coordinate Method (Refer module 26-1 9): In this all the points in space are specified by distance in X,Y and Z direction from fixed origin (0,0,0) ie. WCS (World Coordinate System) Format: X, Y, Z (2) 3D Rectangular Coordinate Method (Refer module 26-19): This is relative coordinate method. In this the last point in space is treated as temporary origin for the immediate next point. Format: @ X, Y, Z 36-9-11 ae Computer-Aided Drafting 667 Cylindrical Coordinate Mi he (3) 3D Cy rdinate Method (fi ‘efer_ mod 6: TT ; ig. 26-29) (Refer e 26-20): ints for some 3D models such as helix and Spirals are entered by te hi ind i Format: D < A, Z vy using this method. where D = Point’s distance in XV plane from fixed origin A= Points angle on the xy plane from X axis Z = Point's distance from XY plane DISTANCE Fi XY PLANE iy LENGTH OF LINE ALONG Z AXIS z 2 DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN (WCS) ANGLE FROM XY PLANE ANGLE IN XY PLANE ANGLE IN| XY PLANE a Fic. 26-29 FiG. 26-30 (4) 3D Spherical Coordinate Method (fig. 26-30) (Refer module 26-20): It uses a distance and two angles to specify points in space. Format: D < HA < VA where D = Point's straight line distance from fixed origin HA = Point's angle on XY plane from X axis VA = Point’s vertical angle from XY plane. Methods (1) to (4) are explained below vide self interactive module 26-19 and module 26-20. Module 26-19. To generate 3D Wireframe model as shown in fig. 26-31 using 3D Absolute Coordinate Method and 3D Rectangular Coordinate Method. (1) Command: VPOINT (wD) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (1) Regenerating model Command: ZOOM (,J) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or @ nXP), or 08,0 oe [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/...] : ALL (.)) 58,0 (3) Command: LINE (,)) 0.0, < Specify first point: 0,0,0 (,]) Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,0,0 (,)) 5,00 Specify next point or [Undo]: 5,8,0 (,1) Fic. 26-31(i) 668 Engineering Drawing Specify next point or [Close/Undo}: 0,8,0 (,}) Specify next point or {Close/Undo}: C (J) Command: LINE (,) Specify first point: 5,0,0 (,)) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,0,4 (J) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,2,0 (,)) Specify next point or (Close/Undo]: @0,2,-1.5 (.1) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2,1.5 (.)) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2,0 (,)) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,0,-4 (1) Specify next point or (Close/Undo]: (,1) Command: LINE (,J) Specify first point: 0,0,0 (_}) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,0,4 (J) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,2,0 (J) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2,-1.5 (,J) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2,1.5 (_)) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,2,0 (, J) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,0,-4 (1) Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: (,J) Similarly using LINE Command and Osnap Magnet create remaining Lines and complete the diagram. (7) Save This File As 3D-WF-1.DWG Output of Module 26-19 (fig. 26-31): 4 Fic. 26-31 (ii) (5 Fic. 26-31 (iii) (6 FiG. 26-31(iv) Fic. 26-31 Module 26-20. To generate 3D Wireframe model as shown in fig. 26-32. Using 3D Cylindrical Coordinate Method and 3D Spherical Coordinate Method. (1) Command: LINE (J) Specify first point: 0,0,0 (J) Specify next point or [Undo]: 8<90,0 (,}) P 4 26921 my Computer-Aided Drafting 669 Specify next point or [Undo]: 6<90,3.461 (aD) Specify next point or (Close/Undo}: 2<90,3.4641 (,) Specify next point or (Close/Undo}: € (J) Command: UCS (,J) Q Current ucs name: *TOP* Mt option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/...] : Fic. 26-32(i) Specify new origin point or [Zdepth : en pe [Zdepth]<0,0,0>; (3) Command: LINE (,)) Specify first point: 0,0,0 (,}) << Specify next point or [Undo]: 8<90<0 (J) Fig. 26-320) Specify next point or [Undo]: @4<90<120 (D Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @4<90<180 (,)) Specify next point or [Close/Undol: © (_)) (4) Using Line command and Osnap magnet complete the diagram as shown in fig. 26-32 (5) Save This File As 3D-WF-2.DWG Fic. 26-32 26-9-2. 3D SURFACE MODELLING ZZ, In this modeling the objects are created by use of surfaces attached to 3D Wireframe models. The attached surfaces have zero thickness so cannot calculate the mass properties. It can hide objects that are behind them. These models are just empty shells. The surfaces are flat, with curved and rounded surfaces approximated by small rectangular or triangular faces. Commands used to create 3D Surface Models: (1) Vpoint: Refer detail on page no. 666 (2) UCS: Refer detail on page no. 666 (3) SHADEMODE command: The SHADEMODE command generates a simple shaded picture of the solids and surface models displayed in the current viewport. It will hide all back portion by "Hide" option. ‘Realistic’ and *Conceptual’ option will Shade the model with current color. "3Dwireframe" option will get back the shaded model to wireframe model. The command sequence is given below. Command: SHADEMODE (,]) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other|: (Select option) (4) ELEV command: This command sets elevation and thickness properties for new 2D wireframe objects such as line, point, circle, polygon, arc etc. Elevation sets the starting height of surface in Z direction from XY plane and thickness will give height to the surface in Z direction. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-21. 670 Engineering Drawing Ich. 26 Module 26-21. To generate 3D Surface using ELEV command model as shown in fig. 26-33. (1) Command: VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. (2) Command: ELEV (,}) Specify new default elevation <0.0000>: (J) Specify new default thickness <0.0000>: 4 (J) fl (3) Command: CIRCLE (,J) Specify center point for circle or (3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 0,0 (a) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 4 (J) (4) Command: ELEV (,1) Fic. Specify new default elevation <0.0000>: 4 (,) Specify new default thickness <4.0000>: (J) (5) Command: POLYGON (,)) Enter number of sides <4>: 6 (J) Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 0,0 (,1) Fic. 26-33(ii) Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] : (_)) Specify radius of circle: 2 (.) (6) Command: ELEV (_)) Specify new default elevation <4,0000>: 8 (.) FA Specify new default thickness <4.0000>: (J) zs (7) Command: POINT (J) Current point modes: PDMODE=0 PDSIZE=0.0000 Specify a point: 0,0 (1) (8) Save This File As 3D-SURFACE-ELEV-1.DWG FiG526:38 (5) 3DFACE command: It is used for making planar unmeshed surfaces that have three or four sides. They can hide objects, and can be coloured during rendering and shading. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-22. The edges between the faces are made invisible by invisible option given in the command. Module 26-22. To generate surface using 3DFACE command on 3D wireframe model as shown in fig. 26-34. (1) Command: VPOINT (, 1) Current view direction: —VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : Pa V-11 ()) Regenerating model. es 4 (2) Create 3D Wireframe as shown in fig. 26-34 PS (3) Command: 3DFACE (,)) nS Ls Specify first point or [Invisible]: (Select Point P1 by Osnap Pa magnet) ye 262) Computer-Aided Drafting 671 specify second point or [Invisible]: (Select Point P2 specify third point or [Invisible] : (Select Point P5 by O: Specify fourth point or [Invisible] : (J) eee ee (4) Command: SHADEMODE (, }) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : 8 (J) (5) Save This File As 3DFACE-1.DWG by Osnap magnet) : (Select Point P3 by Osnap magnet) te...>: (Select Point P4 by Osnap magnet) (6) PFACE command: It creates planar surfaces on more than 3 vertices of 3D wireframe model. The faces made are tied together as a single object and edges between the faces are invisible. The surfaces generated are polyline variation called a polyline mesh. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-23. Module 26-23. To generate surface using PFACE command on 3D wireframe model as shown in fig. 26-35. (1) Command: VPOINT (1) Current view direction: _VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-11 (D) Regenerating model. (2) Create 3D Wireframe as shown in fig. 26-35 P3 (3) Command: PFACE (,}) P4 Specify location for vertex 1: (Select P1 by Osnap magnet) Specify location for vertex 2 or : (Select P2 by Osnap magnet) oa Specify location for vertex 3 or : (Select PS P3 by Osnap magnet) we fae Specify location for vertex 4 or : (Select “s 2 py P4 by Osnap magnet) Specify eeaiAd terivertax 5 or, define faccs>:. (Select Fic. 26-35 P5 by Osnap magnet) Specify location for vertex 6 or : (1) Face 1, vertex 1: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer]: 1 (J) Face 1, vertex 2: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer] : 2 (,1) Face 1, vertex 3: Enter a vertex number or (Color/Layer] : 3 ()) Face 1, vertex 4: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer] : 4 ()) Face 1, vertex 5: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer] : (J) Face 2, vertex 1: Enter a vertex number or {Color/Layerl: 1 (,J) Face 2, vertex 2: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer] : 4 (J) Face 2, vertex 3: Enter a vertex number or [Color/layer] : 5 (CD Face 2, vertex 4: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layer] : (J) Face 3, vertex 1: Enter a vertex number or [Color/Layerl: (1) 672 Engineering Drawing Ich. 26 (4) Command: SHADEMODE (,)) S : Enter an option [2dwireframe/.../Conceptual/Other] : C (,j) (5). Save This File As PFACE-1.DWG (7) Revolve surface command: REVSURF command creates a polygon mesh surface by revolving 2D profile object about an axis. The profile can be open or closed and axis will be a line, an open 2D polyline or an open 3D polyline. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-24. The surfaces are generated by the matrix of number of surfaces in longitudinal and latitudunal direction. Their default values are 6 x 6 and are controlled by the command Surftab1 and Surftab2. Module 26-24. Create revolved surface using REVSURF command as per fig. 26-36, (1) Command: VPOINT (,J) Current view direction: — VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. (2) Command: UCS (,}) Current ucs name: *WORLD* Enter an option (New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save...]: G (J) Enter an option [Top/Bottom/Front/BAck/Left/Right] : FRONT (,1) Q (3) Command: PLINE (,1) Ns Specify start point: 4,0 (.J) ALt PLI Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Nv @-2,4 (.)) Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ Width]: @0,2 (,)) x | Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ ee Width]: @-2,0 (J) Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/ -36(i Widthi: ()) Fic. 26-36(i) (4) Command: LINE (, J) Specify first point: 0,0 (_)) Specify next point or (Undo: 0,6 (,J) Specify next point or [Undo]: (|) (5) Command: SURFTABI (,)) fH Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <6>: 24 (Dd (6) Command: REVSURF (,}) Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=24 SURFTAB2=6 Select object to revolve: (Select Polyline PL1) Select object that defines the axis of revolution: (Select Axis Line AL1) Specify start angle <0>: (J) Speci included angle (+=cew, -=cw) <360>: are (7) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realisti : H (J) (8) Save This File As REVOLVESURFACE-1.DWG. ic/Conceptual/Other] r prt, 269-2) (9) Tabulated surfaces: struding a defining curve in a direc tobe selected is a path curve ( Computer-Aided Drafting 673 TABSURF command creates a R jolygon mesh surface b tion specified b ria ol 'y an existing object. The first object ‘open or closed) and second to bi i noes i 0 be o yector, must be a line, an open to be selected is a direction ali ne, circle, arc, 2Dpolyline, 3Dpolyline, elli to generate number of surfaces. The c Polyline or an open3D polyline. The path curve can be ipse or spline. It uses SURFTAB1 command ‘ommand sequence is explai i foe module 2625 quence is explained below vide self Module 26-25. To generate Surface using a) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) TABSURF command as per fig. 26-37. Command: VPOINT (_}) Current view direction: _VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or {Rotate} : 1,-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. Command: PLINE (4) Specify start point: 0,0 (_)) Current line-width is 0.0000 Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length: ARC (1) Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/. Fic. 26-37(i) 0,4 (1) Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/...]: @0,4 (,}) Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/...]: (_1) Command: LINE (,}) Specify first point: 0,0 (,) Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,0,4 (,)) Specify next point or [Undo]: (J) Command: SURFTAB1 (,}) Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <6>: 24 (,)) Command: TABSURF (,}) Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=24 Select object for path curve: (Select Polyline PL1) Select object for direction vector: (Select Line 11) pee Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (J) Save This File As TABULATEDSURFACE-1.DWG (9) Ruled surfaces: RULESURF command creates a surface between two existing 2D Curve. Both curve should be open or both should be closed. Curves can be a line, 2D or 3D polyline, spline, arc, polygon, ellipse, circle, donuts or even a Point, It uses SURFTABT command to generate number of surfaces, The command Sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-26, {Ch. 26 674 Engineering Drawing Module 26-26. To generate Surface using RULESURF command as per fig. 26-38. (4) Command: VPOINT (J) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or (Rotate) : 1-11 (1) Regenerating model ¢ (2) Command: LINE (,)) Specify first point: 0,0 (J) Specify next point or [Undo]: 0,4 (J) Specify next point or {Undo}: (J) (3) Command: ARC (,J) Specify start point of arc or {Center}: 0,0,4 (1) Specify second point of arc or (Center/End]: E (J) Specify end point of arc: @0,4 (J) Fic. 26-38(i) Specify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: A (yD sped included angle: -180 (,J) (4) Command: SURFTABI (,}) Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <6>: 24 (J) (5) Command: RULESURF (,}) Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=24 Select first defining curve: (Select Line L1) Select second defining curve: (Select Arc A1) (6) Command: SHADEMODE (, }) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/ Conceptual/Other] : H (J) (7) Save This File As RULEDSURFACE-1.DWG Fic. 26-38 (10) Edge surfaces: EDGESURF command creates a polygon mesh surface between four boundary 2D curves. The curves can be a lines, arcs, open 2D or 3D polylines or splines. Their ends must touch. It uses SURFTAB1 and SURFTAB2 commands to generate number of surfaces. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-27 and fig. 26-39. Module 26-27. To generate Surface using EDGESURF command as per fig. 26-39. (1) Command: VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. (2) Command: LINE (,J) Specify first point: 0,0 (J) Specify next point or {Undo}: 4,0 (J) Specify next point or [Undol: (J) (3) Command: LINE (J) Specify first point: 0,4 (J) Specify next point or Undo]: 4,4 (,}) Specify next point or {Undol: (,J) (4) Command: ARC (,J) Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 0,4 (.) “Sag Fic, 26-39(i) e 1-9-2) te Computer-Ai specify second point of arc or (Center/Endl: E (J) specify end point of arc: 0,0 (,)) : Specify center point of are ot An specify included angle: 180 (,) (5) Command: ARC (,}) Specify start point’ of arc or (Center: 4,0 (<4) Specify second point of arc or [Center/End): E (4) Specify end point of arc: 4,4 (J) Specify center point of arc or (Angle/ Direction/Radius]: A (,) Specify included angle: 180 (,) (6) Command: SURFTABI (J) Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <6>: 2D) (7) Command: SURFTAB2 (4) Enter new value for SURFTAB1 <6>: 24 (J) Fic, 26-39 (8) Command: EDGESURF (,J) Current wire frame density: SURFTAB1=24 SURFTAB2=24 Select object 1 for surface edge: (Select curve CV1) Select object 2 for surface edge: (Select curve CV2) Select object 3 for surface edge: (Select curve CV3) Select object 4 for surface edge: (Select curve CV4) (9) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other} : H (J) (10) Save This File As EDGESURFACE-1.DWG (11) 3DMESH: 3DMESH command creates a polygon mesh surface of M and N direction. If we consider M as number of vertices in X direction then N becomes number of vertices in Y direction. The command sequence is explained below vide self interactive module 26-28. gle/Direction/Radius]: A (,J) Module 26-28. To generate Surface using 3DMESH command as per fig. 26-40. (1) Command: VPOINT (,)) Current view direction: _VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-1,1 (,)) Regenerating model. (2) Create 2D wireframe as shown fig. 26-40(i) (3) Command: 3DMESH (,1) Enter size of mesh in M direction: 3 (J) Enter size of mesh in N direction: 3 ()) Specify location for vertex (0,0): (Select P1) Specify location for vertex (0,1): (Select P2) Specify location for vertex (0,2): (Select P3) Specify location for vertex (1,0): (Select P4) Specify location for vertex (1,1): (Select P5) Specify location for vertex (1,2): (Select P6) Specify location for vertex (2,0): (Select P7) Specify location for vertex (2,1): (Select P8) Specify location for vertex (2,2): (Select P9) Jed Drafting 675 Ich. 26 Fi. 26-40(i) Select any line 1 2. Select middle blue box so it will become Red. 3. Type @0,0,7 and press Enter key. 4. Press Esc key. (5) Command: SHADEMODE (,]) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (,1) (6) Save This File As 3DMESH-1.DWG Fic. 26-40 (12) 3D Standard shaped surface: Eight numbers of standard shapes are available in CAD to create 3D basic shaped surfaces. They are Box, Pyramid, Wedge, Dome, Dish, Sphere, Cone and Torus. The command sequence for each shape is explained below vide self interactive examples. (module 26-29 to module 26-36 and fig. 26-41 to | fig. 26-48. Module 26-29. To generate Surface using BOX option of 3D command as per ¥ fig. 26-41. (1) Command: VPOINT (Dd in: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1.1 () Regenerating model. (2) Command: 3D (J) [Box/Cone/Dish/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedgel: BOX (, 1) Specify corner point of box: 0,0 (,)) Specify length of box: 8 (J) Specify width of box or [Cube]: 8 (.)) Specify height of box: 4 (J) Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference]: 01) (3) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidder/Realistic! Conceptual/Other] : H (J) (4) Save This File As 3DBOXSURFACE-1.DWG Current view dire E 9-21 ws Computer-Aided Drafting 677 module 26-30. To generate Surface using PYRAMID option of 31) command as per ere a Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0,0000,0.0000,1,0000 specify a view point or (Rotate tipod>: 1-141 ()) 1 : H (1) (4) Save This File As 3DPYRAMIDSURFACE-1.DWG Module 26-31. To generate Surface using WEDGE option of 3D command as per fig. 26-43. (1) Command: VPOINT (J) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. NS (2) Command: 3D (,}) Si {Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedgel: a WEDGE (1) SA ae Specify corner point of box: 0,0 (4) Poa, Specify length of box: 8 (J) Specify width of box or [Cube]: 8 (,) Specify height of box: 4 (J) Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Referencel: 0 (J) (3) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (J) (4) Save This File As 3DWEDGESURFACE-1.DWG wy 26-9-3. 3D SOLID MODELLING ZA, Solid modeling is the process of building objects that have all the attributes of an actual solid object. It has mass, weight, volume, center of gravity, moment of inertia etc, in addition to surfaces and edges. We can cut, join and create holes and cavities. It is a single object and are used as a part to create assemblies and interference check. It eliminates the need for building expensive prototypes and makes the product development cycle shorter. The solid model created on the cad software are based on a program called the ACIS Geometrical Modeler. So they are also called ACIS solids. There are two methods to create solids. Method I: Standard 3D shapes based solids: In this method six types of standard shapes available in cad are used to generate solids of different shapes. These shapes are Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere and Torus. They are also called primitives. The command sequence for each shape is explained below vide self interactive examples (Module 26-37 to Module 26-42 and fig. 26-49 to fig. 26-54. Module 26-37. To generate 3D Solid box using BOX command as per fig. 26-42(). (1) Command: VPOINT (wD Current view direction: _ VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (,J) Regenerating model. (2) Command: ISOLINES (,}) Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 16 (,]) (3) Command: BOX (,}) Specify first corner or [CEnter]: 0,0,0 (, 1) Specify other corner or (Cube/Length]: L (,J) x Specify length: 8 (,)) SS as Specify width: 8 (.) we Specify height or [2Point]: 4 (,J) Fic. 26-49 (4) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (, J) (5) Save This File As 3DBOXSOLID-1.DWG Module 26-38. To generate 3D Solid wedge using WEDGE command as per fig. 26-50. (1) Command: VPOINT (4) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. fig (2) (3) (4) (5) Command: ISOLINES (_}) Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 16 (4) Command: WEDGE (,}) Specify first corner or {CEnter]: 0,0,0 (,)) Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: L (HD Specify length: 8 (J) Specify width: 8 (.}) Specify height or [2Point]: 4 (J) Command: SHADEMODE (,) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (,)) Save This File As 3DWEDGESOLID-1.DWG Fic. 26-50 eee 26-39. To generate 3D Solid cylinder using CYLINDER command as per 26-51, a) (2) (3 (4) (5) Command: VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: —VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-1,1 (J Regenerating model. Command: ISOLINES Cy) Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 16 (,J) Command: CYLINDER (, J) Specify center point of base or (3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 0,0,0 (,1) Specify base radius or [Diameter]: 4 (.)) Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]: 8 (,J) Command: SHADEMODE (,]) Ra Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ Fic. 26-51 Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (,J) Save This File As 3DCYLINDERSOLID-1.DWG Module 26-40. To generate 3D Solid cone using CONE command as per fig. 26-52. q) (2) (3) (4) (5) Command: VPOINT (,1) Current view direction: _VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1.1 () Regenerating model. Command: ISOLINES (,}) Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 16 (,}) Command: CONE (,1) Specify center point of base or (3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 0,0,0 () realy base radius or [Diameter]: 6 (,1) Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius]: 8 (When cursor is above XY plane) (,1) Command: SHADEMODE (,]) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (J) Save This File As 3DCONESOLID-1.DWG FiG. 26-52 Module 26-41, To generate 3D Solid sphere using SPHERE command as per fig, 26-53, (1) Command: VPOINT ( Current view direction: —VIEWDIR=0,0000,0,0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1-14 ()) Regenerating model. (2) Command: ISOLINES (,)) Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 16 (J) Command: SPHERE (,}) Specify center point or (3P/2P/Ttr]: 3 (d) Specify radius or [Diameter]: 4 (J) (4) Command: SHADEMODE (, |) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/ Conceptual/Other] : H (J) (5) Save This File As 3DSPHERESOLID-1.DWG 3 FIG, 26-53 Module 26-42. To generate 3D Solid torus using TORUS command as per fig, 26-54. (1) Command: VPOINT (,)) Current view direction: — VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 ()) Regenerating model. Command: ISOLINES (,}) Enter new value for ISLINES <4>: 16 (J) (3) Command: TORUS (,}) Specify center point or {3P/2P/Ttrl: 0,0,0 (1) Specify radius or [Diameter] <1.5000>: 8 (1) Specify tube radius or {2Point/Diameter! <2.0000>: 2 (.)) (4) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option |2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (,J) (5) Save This File As 3DTORUSSOLID-1.DWG Method II: Profile based solids: Q In this method the following steps are performed. (1) Create 2D closed profile in XY plane using 2D commands. 2) Generate surface on this profile by using REGION command. (3) Use EXTRUDE command to provide height to this profile in Z direction OR use REVOLVE command to revolve this profile about X or Y axis of UCS and thus solid will be created. (4) Finally use SHADEMODE command to get real look of solid, 26-9-4. COMMANDS TO GENERATE PROFILE BASED FZ, 3D SOLIDS ww Commonly used commands to generate 3D solids are discussed below and their use is shown in self interactive module 26-43 to module 26-49. (1) VPOINT command: Refer details on page no. 666 (2) UCS Command: Refer details on page no. 666 (3) Shademode: Refer details on page no. 669 r 169-41 at Computer-Aided Drafting 683 “ aloe Creates regions from the selected 2D closed objects. They Pie i Properties of 3D solids. All 3D commands are used on regions generate 3D solids. The command sequence is given below. Command: REGION (,}) : Select objects: (Select 2D closed objects) Select objects: (,J) 1 loops extracted. 1 Region created. (5) EXTRUDE command: The EXTRUDE command creates solids by extruding 2D dosed single object or regior or region in Z direction of UCS or about a specified path. The command sequence is given below. at 0 Command : EXTRUDE (, J) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude: Select objects to extrude: (J) Specify height of extrusion or (Direction/Path/Taper angle]: (Enter height value) (,1) (6) REVOLVE command: The REVOLVE command creates solids by revolving 2D closed single object or region about an object or X or Y axis of UCS. It can revolve only one object at a time. The command sequence is given below. Command: REVOLVE (,J) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to revolve: Select objects to revolve: (,)) Specify axis start point or define axis by {Object/X/V/Z] : (Select any option) (,)) Specify angle of revolution or (STart angle] <360>: 360 (,)) (7) BOOLEAN OPERATIONS: (i) UNION: The UNION command combines selected regions or solids by addition. The command sequence is given below. Command: UNION (,]) Select objects: (Select more than one solid) Select objects: (J) (ii), SUBTRACT: The SUBTRACT command subtracts one set of solids from another set of solids to create holes, cavities etc. The command sequence is given below. Command: SUBTRACT (,1) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract from .. Select objects: (Select solids to subtract from) Select objects: (.J) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract .. Select objects: (Select solids to subtract) Select objects: (, 1) 684 Engineering Drawing (Ch. 26 ) INTERSECT: The INTERSECT command creates composite solids or regions from the intersection of two or more solids or regions and removes the areas outside of the intersection. The command sequence is given below. Command: INTERSECT (J) Select objects: (Select more than one solid) Select objects: (,J) (8) 3DARRAY command: 3DARRAY can create a Rectangular array or a Polar array of objects in 3D. In Rectangular array we have to specify number of columns (x direction), number of rows (Y direction), and number of levels (Z direction). And in Polar array we have to select solids and axis about which solids will be arranged. The command sequence is given below. (i) Command sequence for 3D Rectangular Array Command: 3DARRAY (,]) Initializing... 3DARRAY loaded. Select objects: (Select solids) Select objects: (1) Enter the type of array (Rectangular/Polar] : R (,J) Enter the number of rows (—) <1>: (Enter Integer value) Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: (Enter Integer value) Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: (Enter Integer value) Specify the distance between rows (—): (Enter Integer or Real value) Specify the distance between columns (|||): (Enter Integer or Real value) Specify the distance between levels (...): (Enter Integer or Real value) (ii) Command sequence for 3D Polar Array Command: 3DARRAY (,}) 3DARRAY loaded. Select objects: (Select solids) Select objects: (,J) Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] : P (.J) Enter the number of items in the array: (Enter Integer value) Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: (.)) Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] : (J) Specify center point of array: (Select a point on axis) Specify second point on axis of rotation: (Select another point on same axis) (9) FILLET on 3D solids: FILLET command is used to round the edges or corners of the 3D solid models. This command is used both in 2D and 3D. In 3D first we have to select edge of solid to get options of 3D. The command sequence is given below. Command: FILLET (,J) Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: (Select edge of solid) Enter fillet radius: (Enter radius value) Select an edge or {Chain/Radius]: (Select another edge to fillet) Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]: (,1) r 6-9-4] ant. 2 Computer-Aided Drafting 685 (10) besa ies solids: CHAMFER command is used to create beveled edges 0" el ea s. This command is used both in 2D and 3D. In 3D first we have to select edge of solid to get options of 3D. The command sequence is given below. Command: CHAMFER (}) (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist 1 = 0.0000, Dist 2 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/.. . Base surface selection... Enter surface selection option [NexVOK (current)] : (J) Specify base surface chamfer distance: (Enter distance value from base surface) Specify other surface chamfer distance <2,0000>: (Enter distance value from other surface) Select an edge or [Loop]: (Select edges on base surface) Select an edge or (Loopl: (J) (11) ROTATE3D command: The ROTATE3D command is used to rotate the solids about X, Y or Z axis of UCS or about an Object to required angle. Positive angle will rotate in counter clock wise direction. The command sequence is given below. Command: ROTATE3D (,]) Current positive angle: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0. Select objects: (Select solids) Select objects: (J) Specify first point on axis or define axis by [Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: (Select required option for axis say Z) Specify a point on the Z axis <0,0,0>: (Specify base point) Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: (Enter angle value) (12) MIRROR3D command: The MIRROR3D command is used to mirror the solids about a specified plane in the space. The plane can be the 2D object or three planes of UCS i.e. XY, YZ, or ZX. The command sequence is given below. Command: MIRROR3D (,}) Select objects: (Select solids) Select objects: (,}) Specify first point of mirror plane (3 points) or [Object/Last/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: (Select required option as mirror plane say ZX) Specify point on ZX plane <0,0,0>: (Select base point) Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : (J) (13) SLICE command: The SLICE command is used to slice the selected solid with the help of specified plane. Generaly 2D object or three planes of UCS i.e. XY, YZ or 2X are selected as slicing plane from options. After slicing, the option will be given to retain either or both solids. The command sequence is given below. Command: SLICE (,J) Select objects to slice: (Select solid) Select objects to slice: (_)) Specify start point of slicing plane or [planar Object/Surface/Zaxis/View/XV/YZ/ZX/ 3points] <3points>: (Select required option as slicing plane say ZX) Specify a point on the YZ-plane <0,0,0>: (Select the point to slice from) Specify a point on desired side or (keep Both sides] : (Click either side to retain one solid or type B to retain both solids) 0.0000 (Select edge of solid) 686 Engineering Drawing Ich. 26 cs 26-10. THRE: DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS Zi Module 26-43. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-55. Use 3D commands such as Region, Extrude and Subtract. mentioned below. After To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps d hown in fig. 26-55(i) executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as | to fig. 26-55(vii). (1) Command: LIMITS (1) Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (J) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 120,90 (,J) (2) Command: ZOOM (,1) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or 2 {All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/.......]_: ALL (.)) | (3) Create 2D diagram (fig. 26-55(i)) Using Pline command, take Coordinate of P1 as 0,0 (0.0) sy (4) Command: VPOINT (1) Current view direction: VIEWDIR = 0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (,)) (5) Command: REGION (,}) + Select objects: (Select any Line) Select objects: (J) 1 loop extracted. Fic. 26-55(ii) 1 Region created. (6) Command: SHADEMODE (,]) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/ | Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : H (,J) *| (7) Command: EXTRUDE (1) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 — Select objects: (Select any line) Select objects: (J) Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 40 (, J) (8) Command: ROTATESD (,)) Current positive angle: ANGDIR = counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: (Select Solid $1) Select objects: (1) Specify first point on axis or define axis by 801 [Object/Last/View/Xaxis/Yaxis/Zaxis/2points]: X (,]) Fic. 26-55(iv) Fic. 26-55(iii) gt 264 )) (10) ay (12) (13) 01 Computer-Aided Drafting 687 Specify @ point on the X axis <0,0,0. (QD Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 90 (_) Command: ZOOM (4) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or NXP), or {All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/. | : ALL (DD Command: UCS (_)) Current ucs name: *TOP* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/...] : M (1) Specify new origin point or [Zdepth]<0,0,0>: (Select Point SD1) Command: CIRCLE (_)) Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)}: 12,20 ( ) Specify radius of circle or (Diameterl: D ()) Specify diameter of circle: 13 (J) Command: CIRCLE (,1) hig 2652) Specify center point for circle or (3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: -64,20 (D Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <0.6500>: D (,}) Specify diameter of circle: 13 (,J) Command: EXTRUDE (,J) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects: (Select Circle C1) Select objects: (Select Circle C2) Select objects: (.J) Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: -40 (,}) (14) Command: SUBTRACT (,}) (15) (16) Select solids and regions to subtract from ... Select objects: (Select Solid SL1) Select objects: (1) Select solids and regions to subtract .. Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL1) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL2) Select objects: (\J) Command: SHADEMODE (,]) FIG, 26-55(vii) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/Other] : (,J) Save This File As Module 26-43.DWG Output of Module 26-43 (fig. 26-55): 688 Engineering Drawing (ch. 26 MODULE 26-43: USE OF 30 COMMANDS REGION, EXTRUDE AND SUBTRACT Fic. 26-55 Module 26-44. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-56. Use 3D commands such as Region, Revolve and Fillet. To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps mentioned below. After executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as shown in fig. 26-56(i) to fig. 26-56(iv). (1) Command: LIMITS (,}) Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (1) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 360,270 (,}) (2) Command: ZOOM (,}) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [all/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (_J) Regenerating model ro grt, 26-70) Computer-Aided Drafting 689 | (3) Using PLINE Command Create 2D diagram (fig. 26-56(i)), take co-ordinate of P1 0,0 (4) Command; VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: VIEWDIR = 0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (J) Regenerating model. (5) Command: REGION (,}) ; Select objects: (Select any Line) Select objects: (.)) 1 loop extracted. 1 Region created. (6) Command: SHADEMODE (,1) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/ Fic. 26-56(ii) 3dHidden/Realistic/...] : H (,J) (7) Command: REVOLVE (,1) Current wire frame densi ISOLINES=4 Select objects to revolve: (Select any Line) Select objects to revolve: (.4) Specify axis start point or define axis by [Object/ XN/Z] : X ()) Specify angle of revolution or [STart angle] <360>: 360 (1) (8) Command: ZOOM (J) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor = (9X or nXP), or Fic, 26-56(iii) [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/ Window] : ALL (,J) (9) Command: FILLET (,}) Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 a— Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim): (Select Edge E1) Enter fillet radius: 6 (_)) Select an edge or [Chain/Radius}: (,) 1 edge(s) selected for fillet (10) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option {2dwireframe/3dwireframe/ Fic. 26-56(iv) 3dHidden/Realistic/...] : C (J) (11) Save this File as Module 26-44.DWG Output of Module 26-44 (fig. 26-56): 690 Engineering Drawing Ich. 26 MODULE 26-44; USE OF 3D COMMANDS REGION, REVOLVE AND FILLET FIG. 26-56 Module 26-45. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-57. Use 3D commands such as Region, Extrude and Union. To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps mentioned below. After executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as shown in fig, 26-57(i) to fig. 26-57(ix). (1) Command: LIMITS (,1) Reset Model space limits Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (1) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 600,450 (, 1) (2) Command: ZOOM (1) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or {All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (,J) <0 _, Regenerating model. @100.50~7/ (3) Command: RECTANGLE (1) 4 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/ 8 Thickness/Width): 0,0 (_J) Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: 0 @100,50 (1) FIG, 26-57(i) te 26-10) a (3) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Command: ZOOM (J) (4) Computer-Aided Drafting 691 Command: VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: — VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or (Rot, isplay compass and tripod>: 1,-1,1 (4) Tie Somes Regenerating model. Command: FILLET (_}) Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000 Fic. 26-57(i) Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Triml: R (J) Specify fillet radius <0,0000>: 25 (_) z Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: (Select L1) Select second object: (Select L2) Command: FILLET (_}) Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 25.0000 Fic. 26-57(iii) Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: (Select 12) Select second object: (Select 13) Command: CIRCLE (,}) ret Specify center point for circle or (3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius): 28 (Select CENTER magnet C1) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: D (J) crt Specify diameter of circle: 24 (J) At Command: EXTRUDE (wD 5 Fic. 26-57(iv) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude: (Select Rectangle R1) Select objects to extrude: (,J) Specify height of extrusion or (Direction/Path/ Taper angle] <40.0000>: 40 (,}) Command: EXTRUDE (,1}) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude: (Select Circle CR1) Select objects to extrude: (J) Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/ Taper angle] <40.0000>: 70 (,J) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nx or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (,)) Regenerating model. Command: SUBTRACT (.J) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract from .. 2 Select objects: (Select Solid 3D Box $1) Select objects: (1) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract . Select objects: (Select Solid 3D Cylinder $2) Select objects: (1) Fic, 26-57(vi) 692 Engineering Drawing [Ch. 26 (12) Command: UCS (,)) Current ucs name: *WORLD* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/.../World] : G (,)) Enter an option [Top/Bottom/Fron/BAck/Left/Right]: RIGHT (,]) (13) Command: UCS (1) Current ucs name: *RIGHT* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/.../World] : M (,]) Specify new origin point or [Zdepth]<0,0,0>: (Select ENDPOINT magnet £1) (14) Command: CIRCLE (,}) Specify center point for circle or (3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius) }: 2P (1) Specity first end point of circle’s diameter: (Select MIDPOINT magnet M2) Specify second end point of circle’s diameter: (Select MIDPOINT magnet M3) Fic. 26-57(vii) (15) Command: EXTRUDE (,}) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude: (Select Circle CR2) Select objects to extrude: (,J) Specify height of extrusion or (Direction/ Path/Taper angle]<40.0000>: 150 (yD) (16) Command: ZOOM (,}) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or Fic. 26-57 (viii) [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/ Scale/Window] : ALL (,}) (17) Command: UNION (,J) Select objects: (Select Solid $3) Select objects: (Select Solid $4) Select objects: (,)) (18) Command: SHADEMODE (1) Enter an option [2dwireframe/3dwireframe/ 3dHidden/Realistic/...] : ci (19) Save this File As Module 26-45.DWG Output of Module 26-45 (fig. 26-57): FIG. 26-57 (ix) ro et 26701 Computer-Aided Drafting 693 MODULE 26-45: USE OF 3D COMMANDS REGION, EXTRUDE, SUBTRACT AND UNION 07 150 | Teleat & | \ \ | Fic. 26-57 Module 26-46. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-58. Use 3D Polar Array. % To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps mentioned below. After executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as shown in fig. 26-58(i) to fig. 26-58(vi). (1) Command: LIMITS (1) Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (J) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9,0000>: 120,90 (,)) (2) Command: ZOOM (,1) Specify comer of window, enter a scale factor (nX or XP), or {All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL ()) (3) Command: VPOINT (1) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (1D) Regenerating model. Fic, 26-58(i) crt y- 0100 (ch. 26 694 Engineering Drawing (4) Command: ZOOM (1) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or MXP), OF [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : Regenerating model. (5) Command: CIRCLE (,}) cli Specify center point for circle or (3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan x radius)|: 0,0 (1) al Specify radius Of circle or [Diameter]: D (J) I Specify diameter of circle: 100 (J) (6) Command: EXTRUDE (,}) ” Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Fic, 26-58(ii) Select objects to extrude: (Select Circle CR1) Select objects to extrude: (J) Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/ Taper angle]<40.0000>: -20 (,J) (7) Command: CIRCLE (,)) Specify center point ‘for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius): 0,0 (.)) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <50.0000>: D (,J) Specify diameter of circle <100.0000>: 70 (,J) (8) Command: CYLINDER (,) Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/ Fee Peet) Elliptical]: (Select QUADRANT QI of 870 circle) Specify base radius or [Diameter]: D (,)) Specify diameter: 20 (||) Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint] <-20.0000>: -40 (,}) (9) Command: 3DARRAY (,}) Initializing... SDARRAY toed a4 os Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL2) cu - Select objects: (_)) Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] : Py) Enter the number of items in the array: 4 (,J) cus cle Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: ; nD Fic. 26-58(iv) Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] : (,)) Specify center point of array: 0,0,0 (1) Specify second point on axis of rotation: 0,0,40 (_)) (10) Command: SUBTRACT (,}) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract from .. Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL1) Select objects: (J) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract . Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL2) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL3) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CLa) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CLS) Select objects: (,)) (11) Command: ZOOM (,}) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or {All/Center/Dynamic/Extents)...] ; ALL (J) Fic. 26-58(vi) gc 26-10] it Computer-Aided Drafting 695 (12) Command: SHADEMODE (_)) Enter an option (2dwireframe/3dwireframey.../Conceptual/. (13) Save this File As Module 26-46.DWG Output of Module 26-46 (fig. 26-58): ] : € (J) MODULE 26-46: USE OF 3 POLAR ARRAY 4 NOS. 020 HOLES ON 70 PCD. Fic. 26-58 Module 26-47. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-59. Use 3D Rectangular Array. To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps mentioned below. After executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as shown in fig. 26-59(i) to fig. 26-59(vi). (1) Command: LIMITS (,1) Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (J) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 120,90 (,J) (2) Command: VPOINT (,1) Current view direction: VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 RI Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1,1 (.1) 2 Regenerating model. (3) Command: ZOOM (,1) S Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or Cue [all/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (J) Fic. 26-59(i) (4) Command: RECTANGLE (,1) Specify first corner point or {Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 0,0 (,) Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: 80,60 (, }) 4 696 Engineering Drawing Ich. 26 (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (1) Command: EXTRUDE (,)) Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Select objects to extrude: (Select rectangle R1) Select objects to extrude: (1) Specify height of extrusion or [Direction/Path/Taper angle]<40.0000>: -10 (,J) Command: CYLINDER (J) Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 15,15 (J) Specify base radius or (Diameterl: d (J) Specify diameter: 10 (,)) Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint]<-20.0000>: -30 (1) Command: 3DARRAY (,}) 3DARRAY loaded. Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL1) Select objects: (.J) Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar] : R (HD) Enter the number of rows (—) <1>: 2 ()) Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: 3 (D Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: 1 ()) Specify the distance between rows (—): 30 (,J) Specify the distance between columns (|||): 25 (H) Command: SUBTRACT (,}) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract from . Select objects: (Select solid $1) Select objects: (J) Select solids, surfaces and regions to subtract .. Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL1) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL2) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL3) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL4) Fic. 26-59(v) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CLS) Select objects: (Select Cylinder CL6) Select objects: (,)) Command: ZOOM (,1) Specify comer of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (J) Command: SHADEMODE (,}) Enter an option [2dwireframe/Sdwireframe/....Conceptual)..] : € (,J) Save This File As Module 26-47.0WG Fic. 26-59(ii) Initializiny Fic. 26-59(vi) Output of Module 26-47 (fig. 26-59): jt 26-101 Computer-Aided Drafting 697 MODULE 26-47: USE OF 9D RECTANGULAR ARRAY Fic. 26-59 Module 26-48. Draw a three dimensional diagram as shown in fig. 26-60. Use 3D Slice command. To draw a three dimensional diargram using the steps mentioned below. After executing the commands in sequence, we will get the output as shown in fig. 26-60(i) to fig. 26-60(iii). qa) @Q) (3) (4) Command: LIMITS (,1) Reset Model space limits: Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] <0.0000,0.0000>: (, 1) Specify upper right corner <12.0000,9.0000>: 120,90 (,]) Command: VPOINT (,}) Current view direction: _VIEWDIR=0.0000,0.0000,1.0000 Specify a view point or [Rotate] : 1,-1.1 ()) Regenerating model. Command: ZOOM (,1) Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window] : ALL (,]) t Es 2 Regenerating model. Command: CONE (,1) Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr/Elliptical]: 0,0 (1) Specify base radius or [Diameter] <5.0000>: d (,}) Specify diameter <10.0000>: 80 (,)) pe Specify height or [2Point/Axis endpoint/Top radius] <-30,0000>: 90 (,}) FiG. 26-60(i) cnt

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