What are Electrolytes?
Electrolytes are minerals that carry an electric charge (positive or negative) when dissolved in
water or body fluids. They are present in blood, urine, tissues, and other body fluids. These
charged minerals are essential for various biological processes in the body.
Major Types of Electrolytes
The key electrolytes in the body include:
Sodium (Na⁺)
Potassium (K⁺)
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
Magnesium (Mg²⁺)
Chloride (Cl⁻)
Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)
Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
Functions of Electrolytes
Electrolytes have several vital roles:
Regulate the balance of water inside and outside cells
Maintain acid-base (pH) balance of the body
Aid in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
Support heart rhythm and rate
Facilitate nutrient transport into cells and waste removal
Maintain blood pressure
Contribute to bone and teeth health
Electrolyte Location in the Body
Sodium and chloride primarily exist outside cells (extracellular fluid).
Potassium, phosphate, and magnesium mainly reside inside the cells (intracellular fluid).
Calcium and bicarbonate are present in extracellular fluid and have specialized functions
like bone formation and acid-base regulation.
Importance of Electrolyte Balance
Maintaining proper electrolyte balance is critical. Imbalances can lead to serious health issues:
High or low potassium can cause cardiac arrhythmias or paralysis.
Sodium imbalance may cause fluid retention or dehydration symptoms.
Calcium and magnesium imbalances can lead to muscle spasms or spasms in extremities.
Acid-base disturbances can affect enzyme function and overall metabolism.
Sources of Electrolytes
Electrolytes are obtained from food and drinking fluids. Common sources include fruits,
vegetables, dairy products, and salts.
