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 AS BIRDS FLYING
by
ANDREW ADAMS
New Zealand

PUBLISHER
ARTISAN SALES
P.O. BOX 1497, THOUSAND OAKS
CALIF. 91368\U.S.A.

COPYRIGHT © 1993 BY ARTISAN SALES

ALL R.GHTS RESERVED

ISBN: 0-934666-45-8
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 91·76731

1992 EDITION

1
 CONTENTS

DEDICATION .................................... 5
7
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
]ERUSALEM- "A Cup of Trembling" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9
THE SICK MAN AND HIS ILLNESS .............. " 19
THE BEST LAID PLANS .......................... 31
BEERSHEBA - "Well of the Oath" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
THE BATTLE FOR JERUSALEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 65
AS BIRDS FLYING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85

cfA~ IB3[IR[))~
2J
WLYITNCG PROPHECY FULFILLED .......................... 97
EPILOGUE ....................................... 111
ISAIAH 31:5 IN MEMORIAM - Ordinary Blokes ................. 113
APPENDIX ONE - General Allenby ................. 127
APPENDIX TWO - Lawrence of Arabia .............. 135
APPENDIX THREE - The Waler .................... 139
I
:APPENDIX FOUR - EEF Order of Battle, October 1917 143
,APPENDIX FIVE - Seven Times Punishment ......... 145
APPENDIX SIX - The Reformation of Israel in the West 147
APPENDIX SEVEN - Visions and Angels ............ 155
This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photo- ROLL OF HONOUR .............................. 158
graphic, electronic, mechanical, recording or any other means
without the publisher's prior consent. All rights reserved.

2 3
 DEDICATION

This book is the story of the events leading up to the capture

of Jerusalem in December 1917 by British forces under General
Allenby and the subsequent defeat of the Turkish army in
Palestine. It is also the story of the men who, as instruments of
God's will, made it possible. To them this book is dedicated.

They came from the Australian Outback,

From under the burning sun,
Men with emu plumes in their hats
and faithful horses, second to none.
ffirn They came from bush and paddock,
a:
o
:c
from New Zealand's far off shores,
c Men of the Mounted Rifles,
z
c(
Ready to fight in the Empire's cause.
zw
They came from the misty isles of Britain,
:'i
The motherland of us all.
Men of the Infantry, Yeomanry and Royal Flying Corps
Irish, Scots, Welsh and Englishmen,
answering to the call.

To the call of the land of the ancients,

To a land that once was their ancestors own,
To a land of bitterness and hatred,
A land without God1s throne,
To a city whose name means the foundation of peace,
But peace,
Jerusalem has seldom known.

Andrew Adams

4 5
 INTRODUCTION

For the traveller on the long road of history, with eyes to see
and ears to hear, the capture of Jerusalem in December 1917 was
a signpost completing a major phase of Biblical prophecy and
pointing towards events that would shape the present and looking
toward the culmination of this age.
Prophecy occupies a very large part of the Biblical record, but
very few give the subject the study required for a true
understanding. It is a sensitive area because many interpretations
are given to specific passages relating to the future with an
emphasis that is either unwarranted or in error.
Some of the most reliable clues to the study of prophecy are
to be found by examining history. If this is done, it can be shown
that the great majority of all prophetic utterances in the Old and
New Testaments have already been fulfilled. Others remain to
be explained as fl~ture events bring them into focus.
For this reason, prophetic passages in the Bible can be of the
utmost relevance and importance to our understanding of current
events.
Isaiah, a high-ranking official at the royal court of ancient Israel,
foresaw one such incident two and a half thousand years ahead
of his own day (Isaiah 31:5) Daniel the prophet (Daniel 12:12)
foretold the year, and the prophet Haggai foretold the day and
the month (Haggai 2:18-20) .. To us, this is past history, but not
long past. This is the story of the capture of a city, Jerusalem -
JAs Birds Flying'.

THE PROPHET ISAIAH

J~ ~~
1
6
 'JERUSALEM' - A CUP OF TREMBLING

'Behold I will make jerusalem a cup of trembling unto all the people
round about, when they shall be in the siege both against judah and
against jerusalem. And in that day will I make jerusalem a burdensome
stone for all people; All that burden themselves with it shall be cut
in pieces, though all the people of the earth be gathered together against
it. ' - Zechariah 12:2,3

Jerusalem is situated on a table-land on the crest of the central

ridge of Palestine, amongst the Judean Hills and at one of their
highest points. It has the same latitude as the northern end of the
Dead Sea and is about twenty miles from the Jordan river. The
portion of the tableland occupied by the city is isolated from the
rest of the plateau except on the north. On the other sides it is
encompassed by deep ravines. This jutting promontory is itself
cut by another valley which, followed upward from its mouth at
:Ii the southeastern corner of the promontory at the junction of the
UJ
southern and eastern ravines, trends like the arc of a circle for
~
::;)
nearly a mile northward and midway sending a branch from one
a::: side due west. Such at least was the original configuration of the
..,UJ city's site, but in the course of centuries through municipal
improvements and the devastation of war, heights have been
lowered and valleys filled.
As a result of these ramifications there are three principal hills
an eastern, a southwestern and a northwestern. his triad of
hills, with the protecting ravines, afforded a strong position for
a city although it is encircled beyond the ravines by hills which
tower above it.
The eastern ravine is the valley of Kidron. The hill to the east,
which faces and overlooks the hills of the city, is the Mount of
Olives. The long ridge which runs north and south is the temple
hill called, at least in that portion of its extent where the sanctuary
stood, Mount Moriah. Its southern tapering extremity was known
as Ophel. The pool in the valley at its extreme southern point is
Siloam, and a pool just north of the temple area is Bethesda. Mount
Zion was part of the temple hilL Such then is the physical aspect
of Jerusalem.

8 9
 Throughout its remarkable and long history, Jerusalem has been
known by different names. It is the Yerushalaim of the Hebrews,
the Urusalem of the Tel-el-Armana letters, the Ursalimmu of the
Assyrians, the Urishlem of the Syrians, the Hierosolyma of the
Latins and EI Kuds Esh Sherif of the Arabs.
Our first Biblical glimpse of the city comes to us in the days
of Abraham and Melchizedek. Mter the rescUie of his nephew Lot,
Abraham met and paid tithes to' Melchizedek, King of Salem -
the ancient name of Jerusalem. Abraham gave tithes of all to
Melchizedek who in turn brought forth bread and wine, for he
was the priest of the Most High God and he blessed Abraham
IGenesis 14:18-20). I-
a:
UJ
CJ)
Jerusalem then became a city of the Jebusites - a Canaanite I.U
CI
people - until King David, the sweet singer of Israel, drove them
Z
out and made Jerusalem the capital of a united Israel. David «
brought the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem, pitched a suitable aJ
«
tent for it and began the collection of materials for a temple. 0::
«
Jerusalem then shared in the prosperity of Solomon's reign. The
walls were enlarged, the temple was erected on a scale of great
SIM;V JUOAH

'.·
magnificence and surrounded by a wall which gave it the
appearance of a fortress. A royal palace was built that was not ··
I

inferior to the temple in splendor.

THE DIVIDED KINGDOM OF ISRAEL
After Solomon's death the nation of Israel divided. This division
was brought about through dissatisfaction connected with the high During the reign of the Southern Kingdom of Judah's first
taxes imposed on the people by Solomon. His son and successor monarch Rehoboam; Shishak, king of Egypt, invaded Judah and
Rehoboam refused to light the burden. Nevertheless, the division captured Jerusalem. Shishak plundered the temple and the palace,
of the nation was an act of God - "For this thing is of me" - carrying off many treasures. About eighty years later, bands of
I Kings 12:24. Philistines and Arabs gained brief admission to the city and carried
"To your tents 0 Israel/l - the Northern Kingdom of Israel off plunder. In the reign of Amaziah a portion of the city wall was
consisting of ten tribes, ultimately made its capital at Samaria and broken down and the temple and palace were despoiled of treasure
its leading tribe was Ephraim. Its first king was Jeroboam of the by the Northern Israelites. The kings Uzziah and Jotham repaired
tribe of Ephraim. The Southern Kingdom of Judah consisted of and strengthened the walls and erected new towers for defence.
two tribes - Judah and Benjamin - plus Levites and a few In the reign of Uzziah, Jerusalem was visited by a memorable
member of the ten tribes who did not wish to break with the House earthquake. Under King Ahaz, the city was besieged but not taken
of David. The Southern Kingdom of Judah's capital was Jerusalem by the Northern Israelites in alliance with the Syrians. This wicked
and its kings were all descended from the House of David. King Ahaz restored the practices of the Canaanites, the offering
in the holy place ceased and the temple was closed.

10 11
 King Hezekiah reopened the temple and restored the service siege to the city for the third time. Jerusalem was taken, the temple
but he was obliged to empty the royal and the sacred treasuries and palace burned and the remnant of the popUlation deported
and to strip the plates of gold from the temple doors in order to to Babylon. Zedekiah was captured, his sons slain before him, then
raise a sum sufficient to purchase exemption from a threatened the last remaining monarch of David's line had his eyes put out.
raid by the Assyrians. This relief was only temporary for the
Assyrians, under Sennacherib, eventually stood before the walls, ~
after taking forty-six strong walled cities of Judah and deporting
the populations to Assyria. Jerusalem was saved by an outbreak
of disease instigated by God, that killed 185,000 men of the
Assyrian Army.
<f

JUDAH CONQUERED BY BABYLONIA

AND THE PEOPLE TAKEN 10 BABYLON
604 B.~

However, his eldest daughter, Scota 1 together with her sister and
SAMARIA CONQUERED BY ASSYRIA
AND ISRMLITES TAKEN TO NINEVEH
Jeremiah, who was her guardian, escaped to Egypt where she
·721 RC.' married into a scion of the tribe of Judah. Later she migrated to
~.e.ed.
Spain where her sons were born. Eventually one of her sons,
b ,:x, ~ ,Jo .!o Eochaidh (Heremon) with his wife, Tea Tephi, founded a dynasty
at Tara in Ireland.
During the reigns of the sons and grandson of King Josiah, After the fall of Babylon, Persia became the supreme power in
Jerusalem experienced overwhelming calamities. Nebuchadnezzar the ancient Middle East. By a special decree, Cyrus - King of
besieged it in the days of King Jehoiakim, entered it, bound but Persia - gave, to those of the kingdom of Judah who wished to,
eventually released the king and carried off costly vessels from permission to return to their homeland. Less than 50,000 returned
the temple and a number of noble youths. Again N ebuchadnezzar under Zerubbabel, a devout prince of the tribe of Judah. They faced
came, emptied the royal and the sacred treasuries, seized the hostility from the Samaritans and from the Edomites (descendants
remaining vessels of gold and silver belonging to the temple, of Essau) who had encroached upon their homeland during their
carried the new ruler, King Jehoiachin, as a prisoner to Babylon
absence. A further group (about 1,500) also returned, led by the
and deported the best and the most useful citizens. priest Ezra.
Nine years later, in the reign of Zedekiah, Nebuchadnezzar laid I 'The Tender Twig' of Ezekiel's parables. Ezekiel 17:3,4, 12,22,23,24.

12 13
 At this point we must digress slightly and discuss a word that to this author from the Office of the Chief Rabbi, London have
has caused considerable confusion. This confusion must be stated that the people known as Jews are descendants of the tribes
remedied before the history of Jerusalem is continued. The word of Judah and Benjamin only.
is Jew. However, as already mentioned, when the remnant of Judah
The returning exiles of the kingdom of Judah (the remnant of returned from exile they found in their land, amongst others,
the tribe of Judah, Benjamin and small numbers of people from Edomites (descendants of the Old Testament figure Esau). The
the northern ten tribes who had stayed with the kingdom of Judah Edomites were Israel's most bitter of enemies. Judas Maccabaeus
when the nation of Israel split) had with them many foreign wives waged wars against them in later years and they were finally
and mixed race children. This fact was bitterly condemned by Ezra subdued, integrated, and absorbed into the nation by John
and Nehemiah (Ezra 9:1 10,12J4. 10:1-3,10,44. Nehemiah Hyrcanus. From this time they, together with the other foreigners
13:3,27,30). This multi-racial nation became known as Jews only in this already multi-racial nation, began their rise to power. By
in modern times. In Old Testament times these people were known murder and intrigue they destroyed the priesthood and took over
as Judahites and in New Testament times as Judeans. Judean could the nation both in a spiritual and temporal sense. The Sadducees
refer to anyone of any race who lived in t4e geographical area and Pharisees were mostly Edomites and the Herodian Dynasty,
of Judea. The now commonly used appellation 'Jew' simply means who ruled Judea under the authority of the Romans, were known
a REMNANT OF JUDAH and comes in part from a as Idumeans which is the Greek form of Edom. Two authorities
mistranslation of the Greek word ,Ioudaious' . The two Hebrew state that today EsaulEdom is a large component of modern Jewry
words Yehudim and Yehudaim were originally translated as (see the Epilogue). From the study of history it is plain to see that
meaning a remnant of Judah or a man or men of Judah. It is only the word 'Jew' correctly defined has a very different meaning to
in Shakespearean times that the word 'Jew' came into English. that which is generally accepted today. The Jews are a mixed
The word 'Jew' cannot be used to describe: people with a very small minority being of true Israelite descent.
Without this knowledge, ignorance can lead to confusion. Let us
(1) Any of the other so called 'LOST TEN TRIBES OF ISRAEL'
return to Jerusalem and the remnant of Judah arriving from their
- i.e. The Northern Kingdom of Israel removed from their lands
exile in Babylon.
in a series of invasions by the Assyrians and deported to Assyria.
(2) The BULK of the tribe of Judah or kingdom of Judah including The leader of these returning Judahites, Zerubbabel, laid the
part of the tribe of Benjamin, both of which had been deported foundation of the new temple. The walls of Jerusalem were rebuilt
by Sennacherib of Assyria, before the later Babylonian deportations under Nehemiah, one of Zerubbabel's lieutenants.
of the remnant of the Kingdom of Judah. Alexander the Great visited Jerusalem with his army but did
Those of the Zarah line of the tribe of Judah who had left Egypt no damage.He showed much interest in the temple.The Temple
and Palestine for Troy, Zarahgossa (Spain), Ireland and England, High Priest had earlier appealed to Alexander to spare the city.
earlier times. The Pharez line of the tribe of Judah remained After the death of Alexander the Great, there followed a period
in Palestine, producing the Royal House of David. of discord as his generals partitioned his empire and fought
amongst themselves. Jerusalem passed through this period
Josephus, the famous historian, makes it clear that the term relatively unscathed. However, the son of Antiochus III (Seleucid
Judahite (Jew) was the name given to the people of the remnant dynasty)!, Antiochus Epiphanes, overthrew the walls of Jerusalem,
of the southern two-tribed kingdom of Judah which had returned destroyed the houses and left the city desolate. He desecrated the
to Jerusalem from the Babylonian captivity. Various editions of
the Jewish Encyclopedia confirm this. At least two letters known I Dynasty founded by Seleeus Nieator, one of Alexander the Great's generals.

14 15
sacred temple by compelling the priests to offer swine for sacrifice On his death he was succeeded by his son, Archelaus, who, as
on the holy altars. The Maccabees' arose and Judas retook the Ethnarch 1 of Judea, in his brief reign before being banished to
city and purified the temple. The feast of Hanukkah is celebrated France, did little to alter Jerusalem. The Roman Emperor Tiberius
by the Jews in memory of the cleansing of the temple by Judas appointed Pontius Pilate procurator and Pilate made his military
Maccabaeus. headquarters in Jerusalem. Jesus Christ was crucified during the
There followed a period of instability, fighting and treachery time of Pilate's governorship. Herod Antipas (Tetrarch of Galilee),
as the family of Maccabees tried to preserve their country from brother of Archelaus, scorned Jesus Christ before the crucifixion.
internal and external threats. They lost when Pompey made Following the accession of Claudius to the throne of Rome,
Jerusalem a tributory city to Rome, after besieging it and breaking Herod Agrippa was appointed king of Judea. On the death of
down part of the walls. Agrippa, his son being too young to reign, another procurator was
Julius Ceasar later made Antipater the Idumean (Edomite) appointed.
procurator of Judea and he rebuilt the broken walls of the city Under the infamous Roman Emperor Nero, Vespasian undertook
and constructed a new northern wall. The nation of Parthians then a war in Palestine. Before he could conquer Jerusalem, Nero died
plundered the city as allies of Antigonus. Antigonus, as one of the and Vespasian became Emperor. He was succeeded by his son,
last of the family Maccabee, had tried to revive Maccabean rule. Titus, who defeated the Jews, burned the temple, carried away
Following the brief reign of Antigonus, Herod, son of Antipater its sacred furnishings and left the blood stained city a mass of ruins
the Idumean (Edomite), with two Roman legions captured in 70 AD. Bar Cocheba led the Zealots against the Roman invaders
Jerusalem and a great slaughter of its citizens took place. Herod, and many battles were fought. The Zealots were mostly Idumeans
called 'the Great', was made king of Judea by the Romans. Herod (Edomites).
was clever, a great lover (he had ten wives from first to last), a
great murderer and a great builder. Herod the Great repaired the The Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of Jerusalem
walls of Jerusalem, adorned the city with various edifices and to Aelia Capitolina and built many Roman temples in the city.
rebuilt the temple on a magnificent scale. Herod also strengthened In 330 AD the Roman Emperor Constantine made Jerusalem a
the citidel near the temple and called it Antonia in honour of Mark Christian city. In 641 AD Chosroes II of Persia massacred 90,000
Antony, the Roman who had supported him. of its population, destroying its churches.
In approximately the thirty-third year of Herod's reign, Jesus In 628 AD the Greek Emperor, Heraclius, defeated the Persians
Christ was born in Bethlehem as prophesied .. Herod, knowing and entered the city, restoring peace to Jerusalem and rebuilding
this prophecy, tried to destroy the Christ child divinely born into Christian churches. In 637 AD the city was surrendered to the
the Royal House of David. (Mary and Joseph were both members Caliph Omar. He destroyed 4,000 Christian churches and in 638
of the Royal House. They were descended from those of the Royal AD erected a mosque on the temple site. This mosque is called
House who were carried away captive to Babylon with the the Mosque of Omar but is also known as the 'Dome of the Rock' .
remnant of the kingdom of Judah, and who later returned to their In 969 AD Jerusalem passed into the possession of the Fatimate
homeland.) Over 20,000 innocent children were slain in the hope Dynasty of Egypt. In 1012 AD the city was subjected to bitter
that Jesus Christ would be among them. Herod knew that Jesus persecution by El Hakimbi Amr-Illah. This was followed by a great
Christ was, in his earthly form, of Israel's legitimate ruling line, earthquake. In 1077 AD it was taken and pillaged by the Seljuk
that is, the Royal House of David. Herod the Edomite began the Turks under Atsiz who transferred it to the Abbasids 2 • The city
Herodian Dynasty that persecuted the early Christians. 1 Ruler of the people - inferior to a king.
, A noble family - the name meaning hammer {Makkabah}. 2 Abbasids - a dynasty of caliphs, claiming descent from Abbas - uncle to Mohammed.

16 17
was surrendered to Saladin in 1192 AD by the Christian Crusaders THE SICK MAN AND HIS ILLNESS
and in 1219 AD Jerusalem had its fortifications destroyed by Sultan
Melik el Mu' azzam. In 1517 AD the Ottoman Sultan Selim captured the City of
Jerusalem and made it part of the Ottoman Empire, under whose
Jerusalem was surrendered to Emperor Frederick II of Spain
rule it remained for a period of four hundred years until captured
in 1229 by Sultan el Kamil. David the Emir of Karak captured
in 1917 by British Imperial forces.
the city in 1239. Then came the Kharezmian Tartars from the east
of Caspian, and they murdered 7,000 people within Jerusalem. The Ottoman/Turkish Empire reached its zenith in 1568 and
Through these Kharezmians, the Ayoubites of Egypt secured thereafter slipped into a slow decline. When Great Britain and
possession of the city. Turkey went to war on 5 November 1914, the Turkish Empire
was but a dangerous shadow of its former self. How then had it
Jerusalem again changed masters in 1517. The Ottoman Sultan
come to dominate the eastern Mediterranean, capture Jerusalem
Selim conquered the Mamelukes 1 and the city became a part of
and threaten central Europe in previous centuries? Why was it
the Turkish Empire. His son, Sultan Suleiman, called the
known as the 'Sick Man of Europe' in the nineteenth and twentieth
Magnificent, rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem. Jerusalem remained
centuries? The answers, as answers so often do, lie in history.
under Turkish control until captured by the British in 1917 - a
period of four hundred years. The Turks are Asiatic in origin, coming from central Asia in
approximately 1000 BC. Some Biblical scholars have suggested
In the years 1944 to 1947, Jerusalem experienced a campaign
a relationship to the Old Testament figure of Esau through his
of terror conducted against the British by the Jewish/Israeli terrorist
numerous progeny. While there may indeed be a tenuous rela-
gangs - the Irgun, Stern and Lehi. Many bombings took place,
tionship, the bulk of EsaulEdom's descendants are found in Jewry
much damage was done and many lives lost. In 1948 the Israelis
(see the Epilogue). Whatever their exact origins, the Turks entered
took the western half of Jerusalem from the Jordanians and in 1967
Islam either as slaves to be trained in Muslim warfare, or as
the eastern half of the town was seized by the Israelis in the Six- mercenaries. They also formed palace guards at many Islamic
Day Arab/Israeli War. courts. The Seljuk Turks! broke this pattern of servitude, defeating
Few other cities in the world have experienced so much their Arab masters and taking over most of eastern Islam.
bloodshed and destruction, confirming the prophecy of Zechariah
The victory of the Seljuk Turks over the Byzantines in 1071
- 'Jerusalem, a Cup of Trembling'. opened the way for the Turkish advance into Asia Minor which
I Mamelukes - Turkoman warriors originally brought to Egypt as slaves to act as
was at first a matter of chance rather than policy. The Seljuk rulers
bodyguards for the caliphs and sultans. They became powerful and ruled as sultans were more interested in Arabia than Byzantium2 , but many
themselves. Turkish warriors preferred the attractive land of Anatolia (now
part of Turkey). Turkish chieftans and their followers drifted
westward. They were looking for homes but they were also
inspired by their faith as ghazis - warriors for Islam. They obeyed
the futuwwa, a chivalric code of ethics, and acknowledged the
authority of the Seljuk Sultan in a loose sense. Therefore, it made
little difference to the western ghazis when in 1243 the Seljuks
1 Members of the Turkish dynasty who ruled Asia Minor in the 11 th to the mid 13th century,
successfully invading the Byzantine Empire and defending the Holy Land against the Crusaders.
? Eastern Roman Empire.

18 19
 were defeated by the Mongols. The Mongols quickly departed,
but their pressure had reinforced the westward impulse of the
Turks.
The Ottoman state originated as one of many small ghazi powers.
It was founded by the legendary leader Ertughrul. Osman (Othman
1281-1326) and Orkhan (1326-1362) consolidated its power from
northern Anatolia. After the fall of the Seljuks, the Ottomans
emerged as leaders of the Turks. In 1301 Osman began to clear
the Byzantines out of Asia Minor. By 1356 the Turks were ready
to cross into Europe although they had not captured
Constantinople. Thousand~ of Turks began to;migrate into the
Balkans. Orkhan then expanded Turkish rule in Asia, welding the
Turks of Asia Minor into one force. Advances towards the Danube
took place and victories were won over the Serbs.
In 1451 Mehmed II became sultan and in 1453 he captured
Constantinople, completing the conquest of the Byzantine Empire.
With the capture of Constantinople, the Turks gained a great ship-
building centre, and the reign of Mehmed II saw a growth in
Turkish sea power. They gained control of the Aegean and defeated
the Italian city state of Venice in wars between 1463 and 1479.
Greece and Serbia were also conquered. In 1516, after defeating
the Persians near their capital Tabriz, Selim I (The Cruel) defeated
the Mamelukes in Syria. He then moved on, capturing Jerusalem
in 1517 and occupying Egypt in the same year. In 1519 Turkish
influence had spread along the North African coast to Algeria.
After the death of Selim I, Suleiman the Magnificent came to
power. Under his leadership the island of Rhodes was taken by
treaty not conquest after many assaults, the Hungarian Army of
King Louis was destroyed, and in 1529 Vienna was besieged
without success. Suleiman extended the southeastern front of his
empire to Basra and allied himself with Bahadur - prince of the
Indian state of Gujarat. He expanded Turkish sea power westwards
with great enthusiasm, his chief agents being the Barbary corsairs.

MEHMED II ENTERS CONSTANTINOPLE - (1453) Suleiman died in 1566 and was succeeded by Selim II - 'The
Drunkard'. During his reign, the Turkish fleet was defeated at
Lepanto (1571) by the combined Christian fleets of Venice, Rome
and Spain. Even after this defeat the Turks still terrorised the

20 21
 Mediterranean until the English and Dutch began to operate in German friendship. This well suited expansionist Germany with
those waters during the 1650s. In reality however, after Lepanto, its wish to build a Berlin to Baghdad railway. German generals
Turkish naval power declined as did the power of the Turkish began reorganising the Ottoman Army, trade between Turkey and
Army. The reason being technological backwardness and an Germany was increased, the Berlin to Baghdad railway was begun,
inability to keep pace with new European developments in arms. and medical relief work commenced. Most importantly, the
Deutsche Bank advanced credits. Kaiser Wilhelm II visited Turkey
More serious than technological backwardness however, a in 1889 and 1898. To the decaying Ottoman-Empire the attentions
malaise began to show itself in the leadership of the Ottoman of the modern German Empire were more than flattering, they
Empire. Selim the Drunkard (1566-1574) lacked ability, abandoned
represented a chance for survival.
his responsibilities, and gave himselfbverito the illness'of pursuing
sensual pleasures. After him; too many sultans trod the same path In 1907, when Britain and France entered into the Triple Entente
and the illness began to spread to all levels of society. The whole with Turkey's traditional enemy Russia, the 'Sick Man of Europe'
system of government began to decay and discipline, morale and was driven further into Germany's clutches. The Germans perhaps
efficiency declined. The Turks were defeated heavily in Hungary had no designs on the Ottoman Empire itself, but certainly realised
in 1664 by the Germans and their last serious aggression in Europe its strategic position. It sat astride the hub of the continents -
was the unsuccessful siege of Vienna in 1683. By the eighteenth Europe, Asia and Africa. The Dardanelle Straits, guarded by
century the Ottoman Empire was hard put to defend its frontiers. Turkey, were as strategically significant to Russia as the Suez Canal
The distinctive Turkish military system finally died in 1826 when was to Britain with the Canal linking Britain's Indian and Far
the Janissaries 1 mutinied and Sultan Mahmud II himself, carrying Eastern Empire to the mother country.
the sacred Banner of the Prophet, led the people of Constantinople Turkey was already in a position to threaten the Suez Canal.
to destroy them. She was also the spiritual head of Islam through the unified
The expansion of Russia and Austria began to turn back the position of Sultan and Caliph. She commanded, for example, the
Turkish frontiers. As the nineteenth century Industrial Revolution spiritual allegiance of some seventy million Indian Muslims. This
took root and blossomed in Europe, Turkey slipped further behind fact pointed like a 'Sword of Damocles' at the heart of Britain's
in the technology stakes. Rising nationalism among Ottoman administration of Moslem territory. Prior to 1907, Britain had
subject peoples and Turkish massacres of those who rebelled, adopted a rather vacillating policy of support towards Turkey.
began to split this multi-racial empire. Britain was prepared to back Turkey against Russia, seemingly
to hinder Russian aims in areas of supposed British interest, with
Before the end of the nineteenth century, three wars had been
the Crimean War being a good example of this. At the same time
fought with Russia which placed huge strains on Turkey's fragile
however, Britain was backing ethnic minorities within the
economy. The rural infrastructure of Turkey's empire was
Ottoman Empire who were struggling against the Turkish yoke
deficient with road and rail transport rudimentary and education throughout the 1800s. In 1882, the British Army occupied Egypt
and literacy rates appalling among the masses. Although no exact nominally part of the Ottoman Empire - to Turkey's intense
figures were available it also appeared that the ruling Anatolian displeasure. To Turkey it seemed 'Perfidious Albion', could not
Turks made up only one third of this frail empire. Turkey was
be trusted.
aptly called 'The Sick Man of Europe'.
In 1908 army mutineers joined with revolutionary groups known
However, since the 1880s, Abdul Hamid II had cultivated
as the 'Young Turks' and a relatively bloodless coup removed
1 Elite and powerful Turkish infantry forming the Sultan'S Guard and the main fighting force

of the Turkish Army. They were recruited solely from the sultan's Christian subjects. Sultan Abdul Hamid II. He was officially deposed in 1909. These

22 23
young Turks wanted to reverse Turkish decline and install a reorganising it. Germany wanted more however. Germany wanted
competent government, which they did. This government was an alliance to strengthen its position in Europe. Before World War
called the Sublime Porte. An aged 'front man' named Mohammed I broke out, a treaty was signed between Germany and Turkey
V was installed as titular Sultan. The real power lay with the top on 2 August 1914. Initially, its existence was only known to three
four cabinet members of the Committee of Young Turks. Two Conspirators at the heart of the Turkish Government - Enver, the
of these members, Enver Pasha and Ahmed Djemal Pasha, had 'Young Turk' and now a general and Minister for War, Talaat,
been trained at the Turkish War College. the Minister of the Interior and the new Grand Vizier and Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Mehmed Said Halim Pasha.
Enver had also been Military Attache in Berlin and was very
pro-German. In the next years the Committee increasingly came Outside this ruling clique however, there was in both the
under his control. The Young Turks dramatically expanded Abdul government and the general population strong opposition to
Hamid's policy of cultivating Germany. entering the war allied with Germany. This opposition was despite
the long standing ties with Germany. When Britain entered the
Turkey'S new rulers were soon beset by a series of conflicts. War against Germany on 4 August 1914, the shock was so great
In 1911 Italy attacked Turkish garrisons in Tripoli Imodern Libya). in Turkey that the new treaty with Germany was threatened. Some
The First Balkan War commenced in October 1912, with Greece, Turkish members of the government produced an astonishing offer
Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro attacking Turkey's last major of a Turkish alliance to Russia. The Russians turned down this
foothold in Europe. Albania emerged from this liberated land in offer without even reporting it to her allies. However, a
1913. The Second Balkan War broke out soon after. In December combination of laissez-faire: British diplomacy and German
1913, at the invitation ofthe Turks, General Liman Von Sanders pressure eventually forced Turkey into war.
Britain helped the cause by seizing two battleships built in Britain
for the Turkish Navy - the Sultan Osman and the Reschadich.
These ships had been paid for by the Turkish public. It almost
seemed that the British Government wanted a war with Turkey.
When two German warships, the Goeben and Breslau, slipped
past the British fleet near Sicily and reached the Golden Horn,
German prestige increased greatly. These ships, flying the Turkish
flag, bombarded Russian Black Sea ports. This was done with the
knowledge of Enver and the war faction within the Sublime Porte.
The peace faction within the government was appalled and
advocated the dissolution of the Turko/German treaty. This was
brushed aside by Enver and his colleagues. Turkey and Britain
entered a formal state of war on 5 November 1914.
The call of 'Blessed are the Peace Makers (Matthew 5:9,); ! was
not a popular one among the belligerent nations in 1914. Nation
was about to rise up against nation as predicted by Jesus Christ
(Matthew 24:6-81. The power of international finance had proven
too strong for sanity to prevail. War is big business and serves
was made Inspector General of the Ottoman political ends far removed from the patriotic ideals served up to

24 25
o
\
the public by the propaganda machines. The first casualty of war
is truth. In truth, the first great war was fought to establish
Communism, destroy the old order in Europe and the Middle East,
and weaken the British Empire (a process completed with its
destruction after the second great war) and replace it with the new
empire of international finance capitalism centered in New York.
The power of the holy people would be scattered as prophesied
by Daniel.
However, for the Turks in 1914, the 'war to end all wars' would
give the Ottoman Empire a chance to regain its former glory. At
its peak it had ruled Algeria, Tripoli, Cyrenaica, Egypt, Palestine,
Syria, Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, Anatolia, Greece, the Balkans,
Transylvania, Hungary and the Crimea. In 1914 the Turkish
Empire was a parody of its former self. Time to be great again
perhaps? To do so it would have to rely on the sturdy peasant
stock from its heartland - Anatolia. These men were the only
reliable backbone of the multi-racial Turkish Army. Could they
rekindle the martial spirit of the Turkish Empire? Time would tell.

TURKISH INFANTRY IN PALESTINE

The dancers were waiting on the stage. The curtain on their

dance of death was about to rise. In all things however, the

II 27
 Almighty is in control and His prophecies would be fulfilled as
nation rose against nation and Britain girded her loins for the
struggle against the occupier of the holy places.

DYEMAL PASKA (LEFT) COMMANDER OF THE TURKISH

FOURTH ARMY
WITH HIS CHIEF OF STAFF IN PALESTINE

28 29
 Aleppo
o 50 100km
THE BEST LAID PLANS ...

With the armies of Great Britain, France and Imperial Germany

locked in a stalemate midst the mud and slaughter of the Western
Front, the British in 1915 evolved an amphibious operation to force
the famous straits known as the Dardanelles. These straits separate
the Gallipoli Peninsula of European Turkey from Turkey in Asia.
Homs The aim then was to send a fleet through the Sea of Marmara to
Constantinople to give help to the Russian armies fighting the
Germans in the east, and thereby reduce pressure on the Western
SYRIA Front in Europe.
'Winston Churchill, the chief proponent of the enterprise, also
reasoned that with the Royal Navy steaming toward the Golden
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Horn!, the Turks would collapse in panic and possibly revolution.
Imperial armies would occupy Constantinople, Germany would
be threatened from the rear, at a bold stroke the whole war might
be ended, and the British would hold the destinies of the near
East in their hands.' (Morris - 'Farewell the Trumpets'J.

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32 33
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It was at that time the greatest reverse that British Arms had see Appendix 6), and conquered Egypt. They left sinister,
suffered. The only successful feature of the entire campaign being boastful accounts of conquests on clay tablets and prisms found
the withdrawal from Suvla Bay and Anzac Beach in December in the ruins of their great cities. Ashurnasirpal said "From Aleppo
1915 and from Cape Helles in January 1916. The British Imperial lin northern Syria) I launched the attack, I conquered cities, I
forces and allies had suffered 252,000 casualties. The Turks, who caused much slaughter, I destroyed, I devastated, I burned. I took
were near to the breaking point, had suffered similar losses.
It could be argued that while Gallipoli was 8ft undoubted defeat
for the British, for the Turks it was a Pyrrhic victory. The Turkish
Army had fIfteen divisions ultimately engaged and some were bled
white. Perhaps the one benefit that Gallipoli produced for the
British was that the destruction of some of the best Turkish units
during that campaign facilitated the eventual British victory in
Palestine during 1917-1918.
If the GaUipoli landings had been successful and
Constantinople had been occupied, the Turkish Empire in
Palestine and Arabia would have collapsed or slowly bled
to death. Jerusalem would not have fallen according to the
divine time scale nor in the way prophesied. Mter the failure
of Gallipoli, the attention in the Middle East was focussed
on Palestine.
Let us digress a little at this point find turn back the pages of
history. Palestine - for centuries a land of battles, bloodshed,
their fighting men prisoner and impaled them in full view of their
bravery, treachery and heroes. Few other geographical areas of
cities. I settled Assyrians in place of them, I bathed my weapons
the world have been so fought over. In Biblical times Palestine
in the Great Sea." Tiglath-pileser III boasted in his royal annals
was a strategic land bridge, trade route and buffer zone between
"their blood in the valleys and on the high places of the mountains
the greater and lesser empires of antiquity - Egypt, Assyria,
I caused to flow. Their heads I cut off and outside their cities,
I
Babylon, Persia, Syria and the Hittite kingdom. Powerful armies
like heaps of grain, I piled them up. I brought out six thousand
traversed this land advancing, retreating and destroying. The
men ... I took away and as inhabitants of my country I counted
Egyptians came under their Pharaohs Rameses the Great and
Thutmose III. Perhaps the cruelest conquerors of all were the them.'I

Assyrians - 'The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold, Assyria declined and fell, as all empires do, exhausted by military
and his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold.' 1. Remember conquest and internal strife brought on by racial admixture. The
the names of Ashurnasirpal, Tiglath-pileser III, Shalmaneser IV, domination of Syria and Palestine passed from Assyria to Babylon
Sargon II, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon and AshurbanipaL These are once again. The haughty Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar toyed
just a few of the Assyrian kings whQ brutally ravaged'Palestine, with and finally destroyed the remnant of the kingdom of Judah.
destroyed and deported whole nations (Israel and much of Judah He captured Jerusalem and deported the better part of the
1 From the poem 'Destruction of Sennacherib' by Byron.
remnant of the population to Babylon Some returned seventy

39
38
 years later to rebuild the temple in Jerusalem and re-establish their The war in Palestine had actually begun in January 1915 with
kingdom (see Appendix 6).
a Turkish offensive against the Suez Canal. It was easily beaten
From the time of Nebuchadnezzar to World War I, Palestine off, but when in 1916/1917 the British, commanded by General
has witnessed a kaleidoscope of armies, led by legendary figures, Sir Archibald Murray, counter-attacked across Sinai laying a
traversing its war-weary plains, valleys and hills. Persian spearmen railway and a water pipeline as they went, they were held at Gaza
and archers came and went. The solid phalanxes of the on the southern edge of the fertile Palestine plain and severely
Macedonian Greek, Alexander the Great, were too strong and repulsed. It was a shoddy performance - "Nobody could have
overcame Tyre and Gaza. The iron discliplined legions of Imperial saved the Turks from complete collapse," said Lloyd George l , "but
Rome destroyed Jerusalem and Masada, then moved on. The Arab our General Staff" - and in June 1917 General Allenby was sent
and Saracen horsemen poured like locusts from the deserts of from France to redeem it. Lloyd George was to give the
Arabia, inflamed by Islam and the call of jihad, or holy war, against responsibility to Allenby of presenting the British Empire with
the infidel. a Christmas present - the capture of Jerusalem from the Turks.
It has been written of General Allenby that he was a man of
Milfl,.!J 40(} few words and of prompt action. Although he had a remarkable
executive force and was full of resourcefulness, he was modest
and avoided all unnecessary show and pretentious exhibition.
From the moment that Lloyd George saw the rugged cavalry
officer, he liked him.
s
Allenby was not keen on going to the Middle East. General Sir
Beauvoir de Lisle saw Allenby at the Grosvenor Hotel in London
before he left for Cairo and was told ' 'The last man failed, and
I do not see why I should succeed." Sir Beauvoir, who was later
to preach a sermon at st. Martin-in-the-Fields regarding the capture
of Jerusalem, consoled him with the Biblical predictions contained
in a book published in the 1880s by Dr. and Mrs. H. Grattan
Guinness, - 'Light for the Last Days.' These predictions pointed
to 1917 as the year of the delivery of Jerusalem from Turkish rule.
Allenby was much impressed by these predictions as he also was
The Crusaders, warriors of Christendom led by such worthies by a book called 'Fullness of the Nations', written by another
as Richard Coeur-de-Lion (the Lion Heart) of England and Godfrey eminent prophetic Biblical student - Dr. H. Aldersmith (MB
de Bouillon, briefly wrested control of the Holy Land from Saladin Lond., FRCS). In this book, Aldersmith said Jerusalem would fall
the Saracen leader. The surviving few monuments to their to Great Britain in 1917.
occupation being the ruined castles - Krak des Chevaliers,
Beaufort, Ile de Graye and Sahyun. Finally, the cruel occupation As well as meetings with government and military officials,
of Palestine over hundreds of years by the Turk, the then spiritual Allenby was summoned to a meeting with the First Sea Lord -
leader of Islam (the desolator), would come to an end. The soil the redoubtable Lord Fisher. This summons puzzled Allenby. Did
of the Holy Land was soon to soak up more blood and witness
the destruction of modern technological warfare. 1 Prime Minister of Great Britain {rom 1916-1922.

40 41
 the Royal Navy wish for a higher profile in the coming campaign,
as befitting the Senior Service?Allenby would Soon find out. astonishing complexity, like a crusade. It included soldiers from
Britain, Australia, New Zealand, India, South Africa, and smaller
In one of the most extraordinary discussions of the entire war contingents from Egypt, Singapore, Hong Kong and the West
- recorded for posterity by Lord Fisher's secretary _ AUenby Indies. In the Arabian peninsula to the south, British agents had
was told that he would be, as Commander-in-Chief, God's been encouraging Arab tribal leaders to launch their own rebellion
instrument for Jerusalem's capture in December 1917. Stunned against Tutkish suzerainty, and raiding posses of Arab camelmen,
by the frankness of Lord Fisher's revelation, Allenby politely asked often led by British officers, were already active - blowing up
how Britain's most distinguished living sailor had come to this Turkish railway lines and harassing Turkish garrisons in the Hejaz.'
deduction. The hours rolled by as Lord Fisher explained to Allenby (Morris 'Farewell the Trumpets'). The most famous of these
the Israelitish origins of the Anglo-Saxon-Celtic peoples, the British agents was T.E. Lawrence, later to be known as 'Lawrence
covenants made by God to the nation of Israel, Israel's position of Arabia'.
in the latter days, the Biblical prophecies that had ordained the
growth of the British Empire, and lastly the prophecies relating Allenby's attack was to be the last great cavalry campaign in
to the capture of Jerusalem in December 1917. history. He fought it as a cavalryman, making sweeping use of
his 28,OOO-odd British, Australian and New Zealand Horse of the
Lord Fisher also told Allenby that aircraft (as birds flying _ Desert Mounted Corps, not forgetting his infantry which was
Isaiah 31:S) would be absolutely e~ential fOrj the success of the numerically the largest component of his attacking force.
campaign. AlIenby eventually took his leave of Lord Fisher while
thoughtfully considering all that had been said. Among the famous regiments of the British Army assembled
in Sinai, there were men who were to write a new chapter in the
Armed and fortified with this knowledge, General Al1enby history of British arms. They had been seen at Gallipoli. On their
arrived in Egypt like a whirlwind. It was not long before many slouch hats they carried the sunburst badge of the Australian
officers who spent too much time propping up the bar in Shepherds Commonwealth Military Forces and plumes of emu feathers.
Hotel in Cairo, found themselves on the boat back to England and These were the men of the Australian Light Horse, later to become
the not quite so comfortable conditions in the trenches and dug- legendary mounted on their equally famous horses, the Australian
outs on the Western Front. AIlenby's purge of the dross was very Stock horse - the 'Waler' (see Appendix 3). Other hats carried
thorough and he inspired new hope and confidence into what had the badges of the regiments making up the New Zealand Mounted
been a rather dispirited army. Seldom in the course of military Rifles, who together with their Australian comrades were known
history has the personality of a new commander had such an as the ANZACsl. These men were the descendants of hardy British
electrifying effect on his troops.
pioneers - tall, lean, powerful, and cocky, with an easy air of
'A1lenby's campaign was going to be fought with a maximum of freedom about them. Tanned from the Mediterranean sun and
snare and subterfuge. He surrounded himself with staff officers elated by the adventure of foreign travel so far from home, and
of high intelligence, sometimes of scholarly learning, and moved above all self-reliant, these men more than anyone, apart from
his headquarters from Cairo to the Sinai. There he studied every T.E. Lawrence, gave the campaign its epic allure. As one historian
aspect of Palestine - its history, its geography, its flora and fauna, later wrote - "They.J~rought to the army a loose-limbed authority
and its resources. He used a copy of George Adam Smith's all of their own, as though they were not the subjects of events,
'Historical Atlas of the Holy ~nd', given to him by Lloyd George, but their sardonic masters." Many of the survivors returning to
as a campaign aid. He also read Herodotus and Strabo, and pored Australia and New Zealand encouraged the teaching that the
over the Old Testament. Around him he assembled an army of British people are descended from Israel of old, as a witness to
I .ANZAC Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.

42
43
 their experiences in Palestine 1.
The. Australian Light Horse, at this time, consisted of four
brigades with each brigade having three regiments. A regiment
consisted of about five hundred men formed into three squadrons.
A squadron was made up of four troops, each troop had ten
sections with four men in each section. This considerable force
(four brigades) was equally divided between the ANZAC Mounted
Division and the Australian Mounted Division which had formerly
been called the Imperial Mounted Division.

"TAKING A REST ..
AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE .. AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE"
AND NEW ZEALAND MOUNTED RIFLES 1 Diaries of Ronald Edgecumbe Goodwin - N.Z. Ri/1e Brigade.

45
44
 The New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade consisted of three
regiments - the Auckland, Wellington and Canterbury Regiments
with three squadrons per regiment drawn from country and
city areas. Attached to the brigade was the Machine Gun Squadron,
the Signal Troop, the Mounted Field Ambulance, the Mobile
Veterinary Section, and a British Royal Horse Artillery battery.
The compliment of each regiment was approximately twenty-four
officers, four hundred and ninety-nine men and six hundred and
sixteen horses. These numbers fluctuated depending on casualties
and reinforcements. The New Zealand Mounted Rifle Brigade was
part of the ANZAC Mounted Division.
(f) One of the more unusual units available to Allenby was the
D.
a: Imperial Camel Corps (I.C.C.). Initially it had been planned by
o
o the unit's founder, Lieutenant-Colonel Leslie Smith, that four or
..... five companies would form a battalion of eight hundred and thirty
w
:IE men and one thousand camels. However, four battalions were
(1 raised. The 1st, 3rd and 4th Battalions consisted of ANZACs from
the Light Horse and NZ Mounted Rifles. The 2nd Battalion was
of British Yeomanry. The 2nd Battalion had attached a Sikh
Mounted Battery from the Hong Kong and Singapore Royal
Garrison Artillery.
Also on loan to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force l were Bikaner
~ Camel soldiers given by a prince of the Scinde Desert of India.
:::i These men were sometimes attached to the Camel Corps which
w
W was a truly Imperial unit. Some companies of the I.C.C. took part
l:
I- in operations against the Senussi in the Western Desert of Egypt
at the end of 1915 and the beginning of 1916. It was during this
campaign that Siwa was captured. This town, situated in an oasis,
was like an isolated island in an ocean of desert sand and ten days
march over a waterless waste. Another detachment of the I.C.C.
made an interesting reconnaissance to Jebel Musa IMount Sinai)
in the south of the Sinai Peninsula.
The Imperial Camel Corps could move forty miles per day and
go for nearly five days without water or supplies. Their later
exploits - raids, reconnaissance, spearheading attacks and liaison
with Lawrence's Arab forces - made them a truly unique
1 Thenew to the British Forces, a combination of the Mediterranean Expeditionary
Force and the in Egypt. The EEF's first commander was Sir Archibald Murray.

46
47
 formation and forerunners of the famed World War II Long Range from the hot sand and stones of the desert. A camel is able to drink
Desert Group and Special Air Service IS.A.S.,. Well could the thirty gallons of water at one watering and go six days without
Imperial Camel Corps say 'Nomina Desertis Inscripsimus' _ 'In a drink. They are the ships of the desert.
the Desert we have written our names'. One of the reasons for
their success was, of course, their transport - the camel. Units of the British Indian Army's Indian Imperial Service
Cavalry were also available to Allenby. There were squadrons from
the Central India Horse, Hodson's Horse, Jacob's Horse, Poona
Horse, Deccan Horse, Jodhpore Lancers, Mysore Lancers and
Hyderabad Lancers. Men from these famous regiments,
commanded by British Officers, swelled the ranks of Allenby's
cavalry. '".
These then were some of the men and their animals that Allenby
was to rely on ,. Meanwhile, preparations went on apace. Allenby
was well aware that even the best laid plans could fall apart. He
had seen it happen before in the Boer War and on the Western
Front. Little, if possible, would be left to chance. British Infantry
was trained to march on decreasing amounts of water in order
to acclimatise them for operations. Some 150,000 horses with
mules and donkeys were assembled and 60,000 camels procured.
These camels were to keep the men and horses supplied with
water. Each camel could carry 24 gallons of water.
Water was as precious as gold in southern Palestine/Sinai. The
water pipeline and railway that General Sir Archibald Murray had
laid was extended and a rock basin reservoir was constructed to
store half a million gallons. Smaller pipes were laid from forward
area springs to reach the front lines. Biblical research had even
uncovered ancient water cisterns at Urn Jerrar which were
mentioned in the Book of Genesis! For labour and transport
services, some 90,000 Egyptians volunteered or were conscripted.
These men of the Egyptian Labour Corps made the British
engineering miracles of railway and pipeline possible by their toils.
So there lay Allenby's army in Sinat coiled, ready to spring.
T.E. LAWRENCE· "LAWRENCE OF ARABIA"
But time was short and many staff officers were concerned that
The camel is designed for desert living. Its humps are a reserve Jerusalem would not be taken by Christmas 1917, if at all.Most
of fat and its stomach has several compartments, each of which were not aware that God's divine time clock was ticking and every
is able to store varying amounts of food and water. The camel's move made, every battle won, every skirmish lost, was to be
thick eyelids, tough long eyelashes and narrow closable nostrils controlled by that clock and by prophesy spok~n over two
keep out the sand. Its feet have tough soles to offer protection 1 For a full description of all the units of A lIenby '5 Army in October 1917, see Appendix 4,

48 49
 thousand years earlier by His chosen men - the prophets of Israel.
This, in the mid-summer of 1917, was the situation: To the West
the Mediterranean where the Royal Navy had sea superiority.
To the East the endless, waterless desert of Trans-Jordan. To
the South - Egypt, Sinai and the British forces. To the North -
Palestine and the enemy.
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:5
III The key to gaining a foothold in Palestine was the capture of
Gaza at the western coastal end of the Turkish defensive line and
Beersheba at the eastern end. Turning back time, the first scriptural
reference to Gaza is in Joshua 10:41 - 'and Joshua smote them
from Kadesh-barnea, even unto Gaza'. Then it is again mentioned
in connection with the history of Samson, although the Gaza of
Samson's day was no doubt nearer to the coastline than the present
Gaza. Gaza was one of the five principal cities of the Philistines
in Biblical times.
The most direct route to Jerusalem in 1917 would lie up the
coast. This was the route that invaders transiting Palestine had
taken for centuries, before and since the days of the Assyrians.
For the British it eliminated the problem of water supply and
would enable formidable naval support to be brought to bear. This
coastal route was guarded by Gaza which had defied two British
attempts to take it and was very well defended. Beersheba, apart

50 51
 from its own wells, was in an area almost devoid of water and BEERSHEBA - 'Well of the Oath'
it was assumed that although it would have to be captured, Gaza
would have to be taken first. The key however, to opening the The site that Beersheba was built on is thousands of years old,
road to Jerusalem would indeed be the capture of the large with the name coming from an incident related in Genesis 21 when
sprawling Arab village of Beersheba which also contained public the Hebrew patriarch Abraham dug a well there and swore an
buildings, a railway centre and an airfield. oath over it with the local ruler. This was commemorated by nam-
ing the well Beersheba - The Well of the Oath. The original well
and the Tamarisk tree Abraham planted it was said could still be
seen in 1917. Beersheba was water-rich in 1917 as it was in
Abraham's time. A winding road ran northeast from Beersheba
to Hebron, Bethlehem and Jerusalem, northwest along the plain
to Gaza and south to Aqaba - the logistical base of the Arab Revolt.
The logical plan as mentioned earlier was to capture Gaza and
then take Beersheba. Neither the Turks nor their German com-
manders General Erich von Falkenhayn and General Kress von
Kressenstein believed it possible for Allenby to throw the greater
part of his force at the Beersheba flank. Despite the fact that the
terrain around Beersheba was conducive to cavalry operations,
they believed the shortage of water made any operation impossi-
ble. They were convinced Allenby would attack at Gaza - either
a frontal assault once again or possibly a sea-borne landing north
of the town to cut Turkish communications and take their army
in the rear.
Allenby decided to reverse the logical plan and make Beersheba
the first target and Gaza the second. This plan had been suggested
by Lieutenant-General Chetwode which, in its essentials, Allenby
accepted. He was going to stop trying to break the lock, and try
to take off the hinge. But to cross the waterless area undetected
and capture Beersheba meant taking a tremendous risk. If it failed,
the British Army would be in a worse position than it had been
in the previous spring. Allenby needed complete surprise and
Beersheba had to fall in one day, otherwise his army - both men
and horses, would run out of water. As in this whole campaign,
timing was to be crucial.
To gain complete surprise, the British embarked on one of the
most famous and successful acts of deception in the history of
warfare. It was the brainchild of Richard Meinertzhagen, head
"ABRAHAM PLANTED A TAMARISK TREE IN BEER-SHEBA" (GEN. 21:33 - R.S. V.) of Field Intelligence for Allenby. He was a clever, conceited and

52 53
self-opinionated man who carried a Zulu war club as a swagger
stick. He often rode out into the desert supposedly to study birds
and often consorted with 'Lawrence of Arabia' and other 'Arabs.'
The aim of this deception was to convince the German and
Turkish High Command that the British were going to attack Gaza
and any attack on Beersheba was just a feint. Meinertzhagen
prepared some fake documents which showed that there would
be a decoy attack on Beersheba to cover a third assault on Gaza.
These documents, together with some lunch and money, were
packed in a haversack. As a final stroke of genius, he enlisted the
aid of a hospital nurse from EI Arish and coached her to write
a remarkably moving letter, supposedly from his wife, describing
their recently born son. He added this to the contents of his
haversack and rode out to no-man's land near El Girheir. There
he dismounted and was fired upon by a Turkish patrol. He
remounted, letting go of his haversack, binoculars, water bottle
and rifle, all stained with fresh blood bled from his horse, acting
to make the Turks think he was wounded. The haversack was
recovered and sent to the German and Turkish High Command.
The Turks were wary of a ruse, but the Germans were convinced
by the letter regarding the baby that the find was genuine. Von
Kressenstein was quick to move a division from Beersheba to Gaza.
On 15 October 1917, five days after Meinertzhagen 1 had dropped
LIEUTENANT·GENERAL CHETWODE
his decoy material, von Kressenstein visited Beersheba. He told
the Turkish commander Ismet Bey, "Beersheba can be subjected Gaza, Lieutenant-General Chetwode's 47,000 British Infantry and
to an attack of one or two infantry brigades and cavalry from the 214 guns would move out on secret night marches and attack
south west, but it is impossible that large mounted forces will Beersheba from the south and west. At the same time, the
operate from east of Beersheba". But Ismet Bey remained wary. Australian Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Chauvel's Desert
This talented officer set about improving his defenses on all fronts, Mounted Corps 128,000 British, Australian, New Zealand Horse,
including the east and made elaborate plans for demolition. First, Royal Horse Artillery, Imperial Camel Corps and Indian Imperial
all the wells and storages were wired with explosives, then Service CavalryJ would circle far down to the south and move
demolition charges were set in ammunition dumps, buildings and in on Beersheba from the desert flank - the east and northeast.
railway carriages. By the last week of October 1917, Beersheba Despite the water points at Khalasa and Asluj, the attacking
would be primed like a gigantic bomb - a deathtrap for any invader. horsemen would still face a 43 kilometre ride from water to launch
Allenby had set the assault on Beersheba for 31 October 1917. the attack. Allenby's orders contained an explicit instruction -
Before this, while a massive bombardment was concentrated on Beersheba must be taken on the first day to water the Desert
Mounted Corps and to prevent the Turks understanding his
- Meinertzhagen survived to write the standard work on the birds of Arabia, dying in 1967
aged eighty-nine.
strategy and reinforcing their left wing.

54 55
 In outline, the plan was to concentrate the main blow of four
infantry divisions and two mounted divisions against the Turkish
left, capture Beersheba and its water supply intact, then roll up
the Turkish left flank toward Gaza, while leaving the cavalry free
to go northwest to seize the water supplies on the Wadi Hesi.
Allenby had to move this great concentration of men, undetected
if possible, from his left to his right flank. He did this in stages
with the troops moving by night and spending the days in wadis.
'II(
In this deception he was greatly aided by having air superiority.
m However, the secrecy of Allenby's pending assault on Beersheba
w
l: was preserved by a very fortunate event.
~
W On the night of 30 October 1917, after a desperate combat, a
W
m Bristol F2B Fighter of the Royal Flying Corps shot down a German
z spotter aircraft and pictures were seized that were taken behind
o British lines. These would have revealed Allenby's plans to the
w
o enemy. During that same night of 30 October 1917, Chetwode's
z
47,000 men started to move eastward for the assault on Beersheba.
~
Q Only thorough aerial and ground reconnaissance had made this
'II(
en movement over featureless and roadless country possible. At about
Q.
a: 12:00 am on 31 October, the main defences were seized, but the
British infantry were still being held by a resolute defence some
8 four miles from Beersheba itself. It would be up to the Desert
...I
W Mounted Corps to take Beersheba and capture the precious wells
:IE
within the day allowed by Allenby, if Gaza was to be taken and
~ the road to Jerusalem opened .
...I
'II(
a:
w
The Australian Light Horse, in the van of the Desert Mounted
Q. Corps, had left for Beersheba in the late afternoon of 28 October.
;§ They rode away from the setting sun - silently, four abreast,
regiment following regiment in a huge column more than eight
miles long, snaking out of the hills around the Wadi Gaza then
across the flatland towards the south-east and the rising full moon.
Behind them, the decoy bombardment from land and sea on Gaza
flashed and rumbled like sheet lightning.
Despite their problems with water Isome horses had not drunk
for 36 hours), by the 31 October the Desert Mounted Corps were
now to the south and east of Beersheba as a result of their night
marches. There was however a very strong defensive position

56 57
 en
Gel

BRITISH ADVANCE AGAINST TURKISH POSITIONS AT GAZA

en
c.o

TURKISH MACHINE-GUNS WAITING FOR THE AUSTRALlAf( CHARGE AT BEERSHEBA

 between the Corps and Beersheba - a hill called Tel el Saba. It
had been a defensive position for thousands of years and it had
to be taken as quickly as possible. The only approach was across
an open plain as the Tel dominated all the eastern approaches to
Beersheba. Under covering fire from the Royal Horse Artillery,
the New Zealand Mounted Rifles attacked and despite ferocious
resistance, Tel el Saba fell after a superb bayonet charge by the
New Zealanders of the Auckland Regiment. It was now 3:00 pm
on 31 October 1917. Time was running out and complete darkness
would occur at 5:30pm. The wells had to be taken quickly to
~
w
prevent a military disaster.
:::r:: Chauvel ordered two regiments of the Australian Light Horse
~ to charge Beersheba - the 4th (Victorian) and the 12th (New South
w
w Wales). It was now 4:00 pm and the sun would set at 4:50 pm.
m
By the time the regiments had drawn up in their squadrons, there
!c were only 20 minutes left before sunset. The horses were thirsty
- some had not drunk for many hours - and they were to charge
Beersheba along a three mile plain under artillery and then
machine-gun and rifle fire. The Australian Light Horse, like the
New Zealand Mounted Rifles, were not cavalry but mounted
infantry and as such did not carry swords. Eight hundred men
charged, drawing their rifle bayonets to flash their sharpened
blades in the coppery sunlight. The last great mounted charge in
history succeeded. With the setting sun before them, they took
Beersheba after the most vicious fighting between Australians and
Turks since Gallipoli.
Belatedly, as the Australians rode through the town, a German
engineer began to detonate the explosives that had been placed
in Beersheba by Ismet Bey. He was unfamiliar with the system
as the German officer in charge was on holiday in Jerusalem!
Ammunition dumps, a flour mill and the first two of the precious
wells exploded with a ' 'terrific sustained roar". The German
engineer was detonating the charges at random from a switchboard
in the town's central square, when two Australian Light Horsemen
caught him. For a few moments three men held the fate of
Allenby's campaign to capture Jerusalem and the entire future of
the Middle East in their hands. The course of Biblical prophecy
and history could be changed in a split second of time, with a few

60 61
 twists of wire and flicks of a switch. All the planning and all the
fighting hinged on this small personal confrontation. The
Australians bailed the German up with a "blood-curdling yell"
and he surrendered.
The wells were saved and as darkness fell, 58,500 men and
100,000 animals swarmed in on Beersheba, drinking 1,800,000
en litres of water to slake their thirst. History's last great mounted
~
charge had saved an army and set it on the way to Jerusalem.
~
~

~
a:
w
I-
Z
:;:)

8
::z::
UJ
52
a:
:;:)
I-

"i=z
~
<C
w
UJ
a:
o
::z::
I-
::z::
CJ WATERING THE HORSES AFTER THE BATTLE
:::;
z
II(
After more bitter fighting, the Turkish left flank was rolled up
:::; as planned. The Turks had no option but to retreat and when the
II(
a: British probed into Gaza on the morning of 7 November, they
~ found it abandoned. Gaza, the ancient stronghold of the Philistines,
~ denied to them twice, was now in British hands. The road to
Jerusalem was open.

62 63
 THE BATTLE FOR JERUSALEM
'In the end the Spirit will always conquer the Sword' - Napoleon

Despite the loss of Gaza, the Turks fought to save their army
with bitter rearguard actions. Their retreat was entirely orderly
and certainly not a rout. One rearguard action was only overcome
after a splendid cavalry charge by the Worcester and Warwickshire
Yeomanry in the best traditions of the British cavalry. Though
not so dramatic or large as the charge before Beersheba, it was
equally as brave and casualties were heavy. Such were the Turkish
rearguards. These, together with the everlasting water supply
problem, made the advance up the coastal plain slow.
However, despite these problems the Anzacs had linked with
British infantry advancing up the coast and the Desert Mounted
Corps formed a great scythe blade across western Palestine, from
the Judean Hills to the sea. The Royal Flying Corps attacked the
retreating Turkish columns constantly and reported the Turks were
now in considerable confusion. However, the Turkish Army halted
in their retreat northwards at the Ramleh-Junction Station on the
railway line from Jaffa to Jerusalem, and dug in. Although they
constructed defensive positions, they were overrun by the advance
of the 52nd (Lowland) Division and the 75th English (Territorial)
Division. Many prisoners were taken and on 14 November the
Junction Station was occupied.
Mounted troops pressed northwards. Naaneh, Ayun Kara and
Gezer were captured in brilliant attacks and later on the same day
Ramleh and Ludd fell. On 16 November Jaffa (the Biblical Joppa,
now Tel Aviv) was occupied without opposition.
That Allenby had advanced some fifty miles in ten days was
remarkable, for the Turks were tough fighters and the British
supply column was getting longer every day. Palestine has beert
a very difficult country for the invader since Biblical times. Pts
Sir George Adam Smith states in his 'Historical Geography of the
Holy Land': "Everything conspires to give the inhabitants of
Palestine easy means of defence against large armies. It is a country
"THE BATTLE IS OVER - BEERSHEBA IS OURS" of ambushes, entanglements and surprise where large armies have
no room to fight and the defenders can remain hidden."

64 65
 Before the campaign-proper started, Allenby's written
instructions concerning Jerusalem were clear. In an order of the
day to General Chetwode, he wrote: "I place no restrictions upon
>-
a:
you in respect of any operation against Lifta or the enemy lines
I- to the south of it, except that on no account is any risk to be run
z of bringing the city of Jerusalem or its immediate environs within
~ the area of operations."
z
::c The advance towards Jerusalem really started on 18 November.
Vi
~ The Turks were now divided into two armies, one down on the
a:m coastal plain and retiring towards the Plain of Sharon, and the other
ew in the hills, east towards Jerusalem. The British plan was to cut
>< the Nablus-Jerusalem road to prevent any supplies being brought
C in from the north, and to make a pincer movement round the
...I
W
a: southwest and also round the northeast. A gap was to be allowed
a: in the northeast to give the enemy the opportunity of escaping
w should they decide to do so. The idea was to avoid any street
::c
~ fighting within the Holy City, which would be very bitter and very
a: destructive.
>-
m
e Seasonal rains which had been overdue, now arrived.
w Immediately the night temperatures dropped and the British
e
Infantry shivered in their summer khaki uniforms. Communica-
~ tions were severed and roads disintegrated into quagmires. On
~
CJ the Palestinian frontier the Wadi·Ghazi flooded and the rail link
Vi
a: north was destroyed. Artillery could not move off the main roads.
w
z By 20 November the operations were in jeopardy as much from
z the weather as from the Turks. God's timetable for the capture
~
CJ of Jerusalem, as Allenby knew, was being imposed on his army.
::c
Vi The 75th Division, with the 11th (South Australian and
S2
a: Queensland) Light Horse Regiment, advanced along the Jaffa -
~
l- Jerusalem road towards Ramallah, the probable site of the Biblical
ew Arimathea, while the 52nd Division entered the vale of Ajalon,
a: the scene of the incident when, at Joshua'S command, the moon
~
I-
a. and the sun stood still before the children of Israel. Advance units
C of the 52nd Division got as far as EI Gib, the Biblical Gibeon where
(J
King Saul of Israel had his headquarters, a few miles northwest
of Jerusalem.
On 21 November, Turks were discovered on the heights of Nebi

66 67
en
OCI

BRITISH INFANTRY MOVE BY RAIL TO THE FRON'" - SINAI 1917

en
CD

fi"
i~
MACHINE-GUN SECTION OF AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE REGIMENT
 Samuel the home and burial place of the prophet Samuel. the
Crusaders called the heights 'Mons Gaudii' - Mountain of Joy
- because from here they caught their first sight of Jerusalem.
These heights were the 'key' to Jerusalem and the place where
Richard I Coeur de Lion - had halted and turned his face in
remorse from the prize of the Third Crusade. On the evening of
21 November the 75th Division attacked uphill in failing light and
:i' took the summit by midnight. This proved to be the first crucial
w
...I
<C gain in the battle for Jerusalem and henceforth the 75th Division
en (the last British Division formed during the First World War)
:::l
a: adopted an heraldic 'key' for their divisional badge. The Turks
..,w counter-attacked three times, subjecting the heights to artillery
a: bombardment which caused heavy British casualties and destroyed
<C
w the mosque on the summit. The hand-to-hand fighting was bloody
Z
l: but the 3/3rd Gurkhas and the 2/4th Hampshires defending the
(.)
a: mosque and summit held on - just.
<C
:i' For many British soldiers the campaign had a timeless, dream-
w like quality about it. For despite' the daily discomfiture of
l:
.... soldiering, Biblical scenes and events of bygone days crowded the
Z
0 minds of the men as they fought for and gained place after place
>
a: of which they had heard from the lips of their parents, teachers
.... and ministers. It was not unusual for the officers to inform their
, , z
<C men regarding the historic significance of the places before they
LL'

-
~
m
<C
a:
were taken. This is not romantic nonsense, but can easily be
discerned by reading the diaries that many soldiers kept. Major
John Roberston said in his book 'With the Cameliers in Palestine',
III have seen a group of a dozen men lying around a trooper who
:!.
l: had a copy of the Bible, and who was reading out the story of
en Samson at Gaza, and wherever the column moved, inquiries were
i:
a: constantly made as to the history attached to the places passed."
:::l
.... However, the spectre of assaulting Jerusalem haunted many
knowing full well the sullen ferocity the Turks could show in
defence. But spreading from regiment to regiment, from padre
to padre, there was a feeling that something unusual was about
to happen. Some said Biblical prophecy was going to be fulfilled,
some dismissed this, most preferred to wait and see. Few felt the
Turks would retreat from Jerusalem. In fact, to stiffen the Turkish
soldiers and to intimidate the civil and ecclesiastical portion of

70 71
 the city, the Turkish Commander, Ali Fuad Pasha, issued a special
proclamation which was placed conspicuously all over Jerusalem.
It read in part:
"Jerusalem the Holy, whiCh during 13 centuries has
been the second religious site of Moslems, and the first
religious site to Christians, has until now been protected
by Turkish soldiers, striving for general unity under the
shadow of the Ottoman Sultanate. The Turkish soldiers
shall resist to the last soul against the enemy who is
trespassing against these blessed sites. We shall not desist
from the use of everything necessary for the protection
of the kingdom. Therefore let everyone rest assured as
to the order and discipline of the Ottoman Soldiery. The
victory is for God ... "
is
~
~ e C.l
;"Zr· . Ij . ~ ...
~i
eCec t,
I
~
I I
fl ~ ~ t
O:IE I !
3:
~W 0 I· !1
ec > .. £ / i 4IIIIIII,,/JJ. J8/ I __ ~ ll. ill
t-J:
- fIl
j::
ii:
m

TURKISH LANCERS NORTH OF JERUSALEM

In the meantime over two thousand donkeys and camels were

travelling the mud-covered roads and climbing the slippery hills
with provisions and munitions from Jaffa for the British troops.

73
72
However, many of the frontline British soldiers were existing on and without rifles, never pausing to think or fight. While the shades
fresh air as worsening weather had prevented some essential food of night hung about the Holy City, Turkish guns fired continuously
supplies reaching them. to cover their retreat. German and Turkish officers, wild with rage,
tried to rally the retreating rabble, but to no avail. This day,
December 8, was the Feast of Hanukkah commemorating the
deliverance of Jerusalem by Judas Maccabaeus many years ago.
~';;jt_',".~.'''nj.iiU.?~''~(~-IM-''J.-_.::' • _- ......,....... I

"THE SCYTHE BLADE"

In the last days of November 1917 and in the early days of

December 1917, the Turks counter-attacked in the hills and valleys
surrounding Jerusalem. The fighting as always was hard but the
Turks were repulsed and British troops began their preparations
for the assault on Turkish positions around Jerusalem. On the
height of 7 December 1917 a very fierce storm broke, adding to
the expectancy of friend and foe alike. At dawn on 8 December,
in the midst of rain and wind, the 60th (London Territorial) ~
Division with the 74th (Yeomanry) Division stormed and took
strong defensive positions to the west of Jerusalem.
The 53rd (Welsh) Division, having advanced up the Hebron road ~ \ ...
.
"':

occupying Bethlehem, had to fight very hard for the Mount of I· ,'>
,-.,."Y :

Olives. Some of the bitterest fighting of the whole campaign took

~ ~ r
place on the Mount of Olives and the Turks were only defeated
after numerous bayonet charges. Near sunset on 8 December,
British troops passed Lifta and came within sight of Jerusalem.
A sudden panic fell on the Turks west and southwest of Jerusalem.
AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE RIDING THROUGH OUTSKIRTS OF JERUSALEM

Towards midnight the Governor of Jerusalem, Izzet Bey, smashed

""
""':

Cavalry and transport columns broke ranks and galloped furiously all the instruments in the telegraph office and wrote a letter of
cityward along the Jaffa road. In passing, they alarmed all units surrender. At 2:00 am on Sunday, 9 December, tired Turks began
within sight or hearing and the infantry arose and fled bootless to troop through the Jaffa gate from the west and southwest. and

74 75
 anxious watchers peering out through the windows to learn the
meaning of the tramping, were cheered by the sullen remark of
an officer, "Gitmaya mejburuz."(We've got to go), and from 2:00
am to 7:00 am the Turks streamed through and out of the city,
which echoed for the last time their shuffling tramp. By 7:00 am
on Sunday morning the last of the Turkish soldiers were passing
out through St. Stephen's Gate on the east and making their way
along the Jericho road.

. ;';J>:'e.;~·1
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a:In IZ~ET BEY'S LETTER SURRENDERING JERUSALEM (IN ARABIC)

The Mayor of Jerusalem, with the letter of surrender from

Governor, Izzet Bey, and accompanied by a few frightened
policemen, came out of the city bearing a white flag and attempted
to surrender the keys of the city to a party of cooks of the London
Regiment who had lost their way. They then tried to hand them
over to Sergeants Hurcombe and Sedgewick of the London
Regiment who, unused to the politics of total surrender, directed
them to a group of gunner officers who were too busy to be
bothered as they were trying to get their guns into a good firing
position for the coming assault.
Eventually, the surrender party managed to contact General
O'Shea of the 60th Division who graciously accepted the surrender

16 11
of the city, much to the relief of the Mayor of Jerusalem, who
had spent the entire morning of 9 December trying to surrender!

'In those days, the walled city of Jerusalem stood almost

uncluttered by suburbs on its rocky site. Its seven gates were still
its everyday entrances and exits, and its ramparts, undulating with
the lie of the land, were as complete as they had been in the time
UNDER A FLAG OF TRUCE TENDERING THE SURRENDER OF THE CITY
of Saladin and Richard I - Coeur de Lion. The British Army was
now encamped outside - bivouacked among the olive groves.
The news flashed round the British Army that the Turks had They lay there just as armies might have lain in Biblical or
gone. This was greeted with a mixture of relief and incredulity. Medieval times with the smoke from the fires rising all round the
British patrols approaching the grey walls passed through the gates city and the dust of their vehicles and horses in plumes across
and took charge of the city. The citizens of Jerusalem who had the landscape.' (Morris - 'Farewell the Trumpets').
feared that they and their city would be destroyed, rejoiced with
For many soldiers resting in the olive groves before moving
clapping of hands and shrill cries of delight. Women threw flowers
into General O'Shea's car and spread palm leaves on the road. north, it was a time for reflection. To them there was more than
Old men kissed the gun carriages as they rolled by. Hysteria just good luck and chance in this unexpected victory. Some felt
they were part of a great divine plan, others sought out officers
prevailed everywhere. As soon as the Turkish Army had left the.
and regimental padres who had told their men there would be
city, and even before the last had goner crowds stormed the
no fighting for Jerusalem, and this prediction had been fulfilled.
Turkish barracks. In revenge for repeated and severe requisitions,
The average soldier, then as now, was not overly religious or
the barracks were thoroughly looted. British soldiers, in a firm
sensitive, but most felt they had been witness to an event of
but good natured manner put a stop to this behaviour and
I

overwhelming historical and perhaps prophetic importance, the

protected enemy prisoners, some of whom were Austrian and
significance of which was much discussed.
German.

18 19
 liOn 11 December 1917, Allenby entered Jerusalem simply and
quietly on foot. He went through the Jaffa Gate - 'the Gate of
Friends' in Arabic. The last foreign visitor of any eminence had
been the Kaiser who had arrived there in 1898 in a ceremonial
entry of preposterous pomp. AUenby's entry was in total contrast.
He was more like a pilgrim than a conqueror. The troops who
were drawn up as a guard of honour; English, Irish,Scottish, Welsh,
Australian and New Zealanders, were dressed in their battle-frayed
khaki as was Allenby himself. The heady mixture of the Jerusalem
populace with its Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, Christian nuns and
Muslim Imams, pressed behind the soldiers, stood on roofs and
lined balconies of houses. No guns were fired and no flags were
flown. Only the bells of Jerusalem rang.
Behind Allenby walked the American, French and Italian
military attaches serving with his armies, and a group of British
staff officers - one in particular wearing a crumpled and ill-fitting
uniform. This was T.E. Lawrence, who was leading the so-called
Arab Army along the line of the Hejaz railway, protecting Allenby's
eastern flank in Palestine. Like Allenby, Lawrence thought the
entry into Jerusalem was the supreme moment of the war. On
the steps of the citadel - St. David's Tower, where some scholars
believe Pilate passed his judgement on Jesus Christ - Allenby read
a proclamation declaring Jerusalem to be under the jurisdiction
of the British Empire and guaranteeing religious freedom for all
sects in the city. Indian Mohammedan troops were provided as
a guard at the Dome of the Rock." (Morris - 'Farewell the
Trumpets')
Lloyd George's hope of the capture of Jerusalem as a Christmas
present for the British Empire was now a reality.
Allenby himself summarised his victory thus, 'In forty days
many strong Turkish positions have been captured, and the Force
has advanced some sixty miles on a front of thirty miles. The
enemy had been heavily defeated, only the nature of the country
saving him from complete destruction. Over twelve thousand
GENERAL ALLENBY WALKING INTO JERUSALEM prisoners and more than one hundred guns had been taken, and
THROUGH THE JAFFA GATE the Turkish casualties for the period were approximately 25,000,
almost half as many again as the British which were about 18,000.

81
80
Jerusalem has been captured without damage to a single sacred
building.' PROCLAMATION OF MARTIAL LAW
Mr. W.T. Massey, who was the official correspondent for the IN JERUSALEM
Palestine campaign, wrote this eyewitness account of Allenby's
official entry into Jerusalem as Commander-in-Chief. To the inhabitants ofJerusalem, the blessed, and
the inhabitants dwelling in its vicinity:
"Outside the Jaffa Gate was an Imperial guard of honour drawn
from men who had fought stoutly for victory. In the British guard The defeat afflicted upon the Turks by the
of fifty of all ranks were English, Scottish, Irish and Welsh troops. troops under my command has resulted in the
Opposite them were fifty dismounted men of the Australian Light occupation of your city by my forces. I therefore
Horse and New Zealand Mounted Rifles. The General entered on here, and now, proclaim it to be under martial
foot by an ancient way, the Jaffa Gate. A small, almost meagre law, under which form of administration it will
procession consisting of the Commander-in-Chief and his staff, remain as long as military considerations make it
with the guard of honour less than 150 all told - passed through necessary.
the gate unheralded by a single trumpet note; a purely military However, lest any of you should be alarmed, by
act with the minimum of military display told the people that the reason of your experiences at the. hand of the
old order had changed, yielding place to the new. The procession enemy who has retired, I hereby inform you that
came to a halt at the steps of the citadel. Here the Commander- it is my desire that every person should pursue his
in-Chief and his staff formed up on the steps with the notables lawful business without fear of interruption.
of the city behind them, to listen to the reading of the Proclamation Furthermore, since your city is regarded with
in several languages." affection by the adherents of three of the great
religions of mankind, and its soil has been
consecrated by the prayers and pilgrimages of
THE FIHAL COLLAPSE
0" THE
devout people of these three religions for many
TURKISH centuries, therefore do I make known to you that
EMPIRE every sacred building, monument, holy spot,
shrine, traditional site, pious bequest, or place of
prayer, of whatsoever form of the three religions,
will be maintained and protected according to the
existing customs and beliefs of those to whose
faiths they are sacred.

Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby

General,
Commander-in-chief Egyptian Expeditional Force

December 11, 1917

82 83
 AS BIRDS FLYING - Isaiah 31:5
~s birds {lying, so will the Lord of hosts defend Jerusalem, defending
also he will deliver it, and passing over he will preserve it. / - Isaiah 31:5

The development of the aeroplane had been so swift that it is

easy to forget the first recorded flight was piloted by Orville Wright
in 1903. Aircraft development was accelerated by World War I,
despite some initial reservations by conservative thinking Army
Staff Officers, especially on the British side. However it soon
bec-ame clear that aircraft could have many more uses other than
reconnaissance. In fact, the use of the aeroplane as a weapon was
to herald a new and awesomely destructive phase of warfare.
Up until 1917, the Turks had enjoyed superiority in the air.
German airmen had been supporting the Turks since July 1916.
German aerial strategy had been to send some of its most advanced
aircraft to each of its operational theatres in the belief that quantity
did not offset quality. British airmen, who had engaged superior
German machines in the Middle East, had agreed with this theory
A BE2 e PREPARING FOR BOMBING MISSION IN PALESTINE all along. Allenby realised that air supremacy must be wrested
back from them if the campaign was to have any chance of success.
A fortnight after his arrival, Allenby cabled home a list of
requirements in men and materials which included over sixty
BADGE AND N'?14BOMBER modern aircraft.
MOTTO OF SQUADRON When one reads the records of the journalist on the spot - W.
T. Massey or Colonel A. P. Wavell Ilater Field Marshal Lord
Wavelll, or the book 'With Allenby in Palestine' by Lowell
Thomas, quite apart from official Royal Air Force records, the fact
is undeniable that the secret of the success that crowned Allenby's
achievement was absolute domination in the air - secured by
British airmen 'as birds flying.' From 1917 onwards, with modern
S.E. SA's and Bristol Fighters, the enemy airmen had almost been
driven from the skies. The British could see by means of aerial
reconnaissance, every move the Turks made, whilst denying the
enemy (except for the incident mentioned before the attack on
Beersheba) the same ability. 'As birds flying,' the Royal Flying
Corps also rendered incalculable service by machine-gunning,
bombing, and spotting for the artillery and the Royal Navy.

84 85
 Palestine has always been a difficult land to attack, and facing
modern weapons made this task even more formidable. It must
!. ~ I c: .. Q,l Q,l c:
be reiterated that without control of the air, the British campaign
Q) C Q) 0"0 c:..c ....
.l:J ..... .l:J _("I Q,l
Q,l 0 ... M
0
in Palestine could well have ended in total disaster. The Royal
8 C
Q) Q) U
Q) c:~
t'$O' ... Flying Corps, 'as birds flying' had a central role to play in the
> C ~tIlc:oo
~ fighting for Jerusalem. .
~EE c:E
0.. Q) ~
Q) !. tI'J
(Jj o...;!;
>.gt'$~S By September/October 1917 the strength of the Royal Flying
c._c cC~ o 0 S -.0 Corps was as follows:
..... ~
'"0 !. 0 "J, S"""c:~
t'$ ....
Q) ~ U ..... .. "M rIJ
> 0.. Q) '0 o¢:: ~ ....
5th WING
·c Q) !. ....... 0
- 0
. ~
0
!. ~!. Q,l
No 14 Squadron (16) BE 2e aircraft
(',t !. 0 o.~u;!E...:l
...c:.!:!c ..c·... -'OSQ,l
U (',t 0 oS'"t'$-.o..c
II') - No 113 Squadron ( 8) BE 2e aircraft
:.E '"0 'r;:: ~ ,...
..... >t'$ ...t'$ I 5) RE 8 aircraft
~ ~ S ~ ::=_ ... S 0 ~
" (',t !. Q)
. ... !t'Q.
til
il4 "::::! •;!; c,oobJl
. :.: r::;-.
-.0 "" S t'$
.... ,..:.: •• Q,l ""
40th WING
N ..... '"0 :.=
~'"O .... tI'J
... c: .... ("I Q,l Q,l
.... - .... c: "" No 111
'0 c(',t.;!;...c:
-.- Q;:-=..c;>
c: ~ ,..:.:
0
S _' J Q,l".6 Squadron ( 6) Bristol Fighters
t:: r-- ~ '"0 ....
..... .... ::l C bJlc: ." N Q,l til c: I 5) Vickers Bullets
dS 8' ~ :.E ",n= - r::;-. ~ 0 ::l
....!..C c: bJl (3) D.H. 2
»c::tI'J'-I- .... I~
( 2) Bristol Monoplanes
U~...:.::OO~N
~ 8 3
~ \.0 0 ci
!.(',t
.::: ~
I 1) Bristol Scout
5b~~~~Z~~6
aCl
::l
Q) ~'"O 3 tI'J ~ ::l ~
...c: c:: ::l 0 ~ r~ tI'J ~
No 67 Squadron ( 7) BE 2c and e
tI'J ~ ~ .;::::
-
u <...;:;. =
~ ...... c:: '"0 Q)
'\,wI!.
.- Q)
" ( 5) RE 8
!. ~ c:: 0..._ ... :... ~ ~
..... . .... 0 "';> c::
::0 ( 5) BE 12a
~ 8 t:...c: Q)...c: tI'J'u "tI'J ~ I 1) Martinsyde
.... 8 0 tI'J.§ ~ ~ ~
~ \.;;; 0.. tI'J tI'J "
>
... ::l
..6'
...c: 0..'- Q) !. tI'J
~...:.:: ::l...c:- Q) c::»~ 0
" .... Q) No 21 Balloon
rI:l

....t
UtI'J
'"0 ~ c::]p.,
Q).l:J Q) (',t !. U ~ 80..,- 8
B..a
~.l:Joc::-c::
~~ ~
Company (49 and 50 sections)
..cbf) .~ '"0 Q) <..8 O::l 0" No 14 Squadron
c:: Q).l:J..o 0'" 0 »~
I.C ~t::'"O .... Z3~ tl'JU.:3 ~
=~
uQ)~O\C:: tI'J ... tl'Jt.;.;:;
!....c: ..... Q) ...; 0.. .... c::
::! ~ 0 » 8 ~~Oo~...c: !. 0._ Q)
Motto: 'I spread My Wings and Keep My Promise'

-....
~

....o
rI:l
Q)...c:-Q)!.u=8~
» .... :... ::l u u
.l:J ..... ;> - . !..:: ~i14 Q) ~
C::~Z3Q)<..8~c::
~ tI'J 0 U c:: '"0 .- B ~ ;>
(',t
...c::...
No 14 Squadron Royal Flying Corps was formed at Shoreham,
Sussex, on 3 February 1915 and in the following November went
to the Middle East equipped with BE 2 aircraft for army co-
_ ::l - C::.- '"0 » . - »
~ 8 '5.';';; ::! 0 ~ ~ .- operation duties. During its service in this theatre of war, the
=
~

squadron assisted in the push across the Sinai Desert and sent
detachments to the Western Front to operate against the Senussi,

86 87
 and to the Hejaz (Arabia) to co-operate with the Grand Sherif of
Mecca against the Turks, who were menacing the Chief Holy Cities
of Islam. In 1917118 No 14 Squadron took part in the Palestine
campaign, flying many reconnaissance missions over Jerusalem.
After the capture of Jerusalem, the squadron undertook many
bombing missions against the Turkish Army until the final defeat
of the Turks with the capture of Aleppo in October 1918.

!le-
w
(.)
z
c(
a:
u.
!:
~
::)
o \,,~ • "1""'"

~
~
':l'
.i . . .
all
\I) .' ',~, r.~~
W
t/)
NUMBER 14 BOMBER SQUADRON TAKING OFF IN PALESTINE IN 1918
U.
o
A.
::)
Between the two world wars the squadron was based in
W Palestine and Transjordan. During World War II No 14 Squadron
Z was heavily engaged in the Sudan, Western Desert, Iraq, Algeria,
:::;
c( Italy and Sardinia before returning to Great Britain for a further
period of wartime service. Aircraft flown during the second World
War included Gloster Gladiators, Bristol Blenheims, Martin
Marauders, Vickers Wellingtons and de Havilland Mosquitos. At
the present time the squadron flies Panavia Tornado GRI
advanced, all weather strike aircraft.

No 67 Squadron
Motto: 'No Odds Too Great'
In World War I, No 67 Squadron was in fact No 1 Squadron

I Australian Flying Corps which sailed from Melbourne in March

1916 for service in the Middle East. It flew a variety of aircraft

88 89
 in Palestine, including Bristol Fighters, and officially became No
1 Squadron, Australian Flying Corps on 6 February 1918
Number 67 squadron itself reformed in 1941 at Kallang
(Singapore) and was later heavily engaged in the Burma campaign
t:"
.,... flying Hawker Hurricanes. Meanwhile, Number One Squadron
.,...
Q) Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) flew Lockheed Hudsons in
w Malaya (1941) converting to Bristol Beauforts and then de
z Havilland Mosquitos during the Pacific campaign. In the 1955
~
W
Malayan Communist confrontation, No 1 Squadron flew Avro
...J Lincolns based at Tengah. Returning to Australia, the squadron
~
-
e"
Z
flew English Electric Canberras and is currently equipped with
General Dynamics F-111 strike aircraft, based at Amberley,
Queensland.
i
D..
~
Z
o
cw
....Z
:::l
o
:::::E
z
:::l
e"
w•
Z
:I:
~
:::::E
UJ
iw SE5A
...J

....:I: No 111 Squadron

i Motto: 'Adstantes (standing by)'
ca
It)
w No 111 Squadron was formed at Deir-el-Belah in Palestine, being
UJ
expanded from a flight of No 14 Squadron. It was equipped with
five different types of scout (fighter aircraft) and its task was to
destroy enemy reconnaissance aircraft and to protect British
aircraft. It was a Bristol Fighter from this squadron, piloted by
Lieutenant Peck with Lieutenant Lloyd-Williams as observer, that

90 91
 shot down a German spotter aircraft before the great attack against
Beersheba, thus preserving Allenby's intentions from the enemy.
The squadron was later equipped with S.E. SAs and played a
prominent role in the final aerial attacks that massacred the
Turkish 7th and 8th Armies at Nablus and Wadi el Far'a.
Reformed in 1923, No 111 became the RAF's! first Hawker
Hurricane fighter squadron in 1938. During World War II the
squadron fought in the Battle of Britain and was later heavily
engaged over Europe, Sicily and Italy, flying Hurricanes and
~. _ .--L Supermarine Spitfires. At the present time the squadron flies
I, _ -J.t,.., ......I.i. ._ ..
fr
Panavia Tornado (ADV) long range interceptor aircraft .
..
'A .. - -
,.,__ J ' -
,_ ,_ __
No 113 Squadron
Motto: 'Velox et Vindex (Swift to Vengeance)'
No 113 Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, was formed at Ismailia,
Egypt, as an army co-operation unit and moved to Palestine where
it subsequently played a very active part in the operations which
led to the defeat of the Turks. Its main tasks were tactical
reconnaissance and artillery spotting.
During World War II the squadron fought in the Western Desert,
Greece, Crete and Burma. Aircraft flown during the war included
Bristol Blenheims, Hawker Hurricanes and Republic Thunderbolts.
No 113 Squadron was disbanded in 1963.

•
~
~

BRITISH WOMEN MAKING WINGS FOR THE "BIRDS"

-~- 1 Royal Air Force. The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service became the Royal
A ir Force on 1 April 1918.

92 93
-
C,C)

~.~t- ~ ~ .• "
4"~ ,_ ~ ~ -,.
~·~"~:~75.~~..v,;'.,~. Jt:t/ ". .
:.•~~.: ".,.~!tJt.. ~ . ~~~"':A.'
~ __..
"w~ ~,;:t, .;~ .;~;:¥~.!?"!
~S";'.'.,,~ " '-:o";".. +.r..--

BRISTOL F2B FIGHTER DISPLAYED AT AIR-SHOW IN BRITAIN - 1990

;r"'

C,C)
U'I

SE5a DISPLAYED AT AIR-SHOW IN BRITAIN - 1990

 PROPHECY FULFILLED
'Surely the Lord God will do nothing, but He revealeth His secret unto
His servants the prophets'. - Amos 3:7
In his biography of General Allenby, Field Marshal Wavell
recounts a saying amongst the Arabs which was well known to
the Turks: "When the wafers of the Nile flow into Palestine, then
...I will a prophet of the Lord deliver Jerusalem from the Turkish
C
if yoke". The Arabs called Allenby 'Allah-en-Nebi' which means
~
W
'prophet of the Lord', and indeed the waters of the Nile did flow
into Palestine via the pipeline laid all the way from the Nile delta
::E
by the Royal Engineers. The leader called by the Arabs the 'prophet
! of God' did drive the Turks out of the land. The deliverance of
W
::E Jerusalem was accomplished in forty days 131 October: Beersheba
::Ei= falls - 9 December: mayor surrenders Jerusalem), a familiar period
W::E
...10 in the history of Palestine .
Ca:
~LL. Although the Royal Flying Corps was grounded by very bad
I:I:Z
!!:I~ weather conditions during the first few days in December 1917
.. 0 which culminated in the capture of Jerusalem, the combined effect
>1:1:
1-0 of new and efficient aircraft and the new spirit of aggression within
Uti) the ranks of the aircrew completely reversed the position of air
>D:: superiority originally held by the Imperial German Air Force. The
...10
Oa: Royal Flying Corps absolutely cleared the skies above Palestine
l:W
w:::) by the first days of December 1917, before the weather
l:0
I-Z deteriorated. How accurately this fulfilled the writings of the
8 Hebrew prophet Isaiah, for he writes: "As birds flying, so will
C the Lord of Hosts defend Jerusalem, defending also he will deliver
LL.
o it, and passing over He will preserve it". This you read in the Old
...I
W
Testament written two and a half thousand years ago [Isaiah 31:5].
~
..., Once Jerusalem had been occupied by British troops, the Turks
made up their minds to get the city back at any cost. Heavy shelling
took place and attempts were made to bomb from the air.
However, the shelling failed as did the attempts to bomb. The
human agencies which God used to fulfil the promise of Isaiah
31:5 are identified on p. 204 of the journalist, W.T. Massey's
account of the campaign - "The official entry of Allenby was
made while there had broken out considerable fighting to the north
and east of the city, where our lines were nowhere more than

96 97
7,000 yards off. The bursts of musketry were carried down on how precisely they were fulfilled.
the wind, whilst droning aeroplanes in the deep blue vault over-
head told of our flying men denying a passage to enemy The prophet Isaiah (Chapter 31 :51 says that God, in some far
machines". British bombing of the Turkish artillery was com· distant time in the future, would defend, deliver and preserve
pleted without aerial opposition and shelling ceased with little Jerusalem and he used a special phrase - 'as birds flying', a curious
damage done. way to write of a capture of a city.
In the special order of the day, on 15 December when General Thus it is an astonishing link with Isaiah's writings that in
Allenby thanked his troops for their work in the deliverance of 1917 AD the city was in fact, both delivered, defended, and
Jerusalem, the Commander-in-Chief made this reference to his preserved without any damage for three reasons:
airmen. "Throughout the operations, the Royal Flying Corps have 1. General Allenby expressly ordered that no fighting should
rendered invaluable assistance to all arms and have obtained take place within the Holy City.
complete mastery of the air". 2. Allenby's aim was to attack the Turks at Lifta to the north
Again, on 27 December, the Turks made thirteen determined of Jerusalem, to encircle the enemy and at the same time leave
attacks. During this period of fighting, the inhabitants of the him a way out, so that the Turk would find himself forced to
'delivered' city were on the roofs of their houses, praying that the evacuate the city without it being damaged by fighting. This plan
British might have strength to withstand the attacks. The attacks succeeded.
all failed, mainly, according to Turkish prisoners, because of the 3. The Royal Flying Corps had by this time completely
bombing and machine-gunning by aircraft "like a flock of angry dominated the skies over Palestine.
birds" said one captured officer.
The Church of England's Prayer Book had in its morning lesson
To commemorate their part in the liberation of the Holy Land for 8 December 1917, Isaiah Chapter 31, which of course included
from four hundred years of Turkish domination, their service in verse 5. December 8 was the date that the Turks began their
the Middle East, and their central role in the deliverance of disorderly retreat from Jerusalem. From thousands of scriptures
Jerusalem in 1917, Number 14 Bomber Squadron adopted as a which could have been chosen for December 8, the very prophecy
motto the words: 'I spread my wings and keep my promise'. This which was to be fulfilled on that date happened to be the lesson!
is the English translation from the Arabic motto which is an extract
from the Koran. This motto was suggested by His Highness Emir In the Prayer Book of Edward VI, 1552, the chapter Isaiah 31
Abdullah of Transjordan, as he felt divine intervention had saved was the lesson for December 12. In the revision in 1662, it became
Jerusalem from destruction in 1917 and that aircraft were central the lesson for December 9, while in the revision in 1872 it became
the lesson for December 8. Thus for 365 years Isaiah 31 was the
to God's plan for this.
lesson for the very days in December during which Jerusalem
Well did the prophet Zechariah say that Jerusalem was to be, would be delivered from the Turks to Israel-Britain.
in ages to come, a cup of trembling as it still is in this present
age. But to those interested in prophecy, it is even more remarkable As previously mentioned, Dr. Grattan Guinness was bold
that three other Old Testament prophets foretold the precise day, enough in 1886 to predict, from Biblical prophecy, the very year
date and method by which Jerusalem would be delivered from 1917 when Jerusalem would be delivered. This was confirmed
the Mohammedan power approximately twenty-six centuries in 1898 by Dr. H. Aldersmith - another student of Biblical
before it happened. In today's climate of opinion, such stories prophecy. He also stated privately that he believed some type of
would be greeted with the utmost incredulity, but now let us see flying machine would play a major role in this deliverance.

98 99
 Turning to the book of Daniel, we find that Chapter 9 records A 'time' == 360
Daniel's prayer concerning his own city, Jerusalem. The prophet 'times' 720 12 x 360)
Daniel records that, in a crucial time towards the end of the age, 'half' == 180 1% x 360)
Jerusalem would be delivered from the abomination of desolation 1,260
(Moslem power) after one thousand three hundred and thirty-five
days [Daniel 12:12]. We are told in Numbers 14:34 and Ezekiel "The Holy City shall they tread under foot forty and two
4:6 that God gives us each day for a year, so 1335 days equals months" [Rev. 11:2]
1335 years. If we take the rise of Mohammedan power from its
142 x 30 = 1(260)
beginning in 622 AD, 1335 lunar years later, by the Mohammedan (For the period covered by the word 'Time' and the reason
calendar, we come to our Christian year AD 1917. The why the months consist of thirty days, see Appendix 5)
Mohammedan calendar reckoned in lunar years. Egyptian coins
minted in 1917 bear two corresponding dates, side by side, the 1290 - "THE DESOLATOR" or "DESOLATION"
Moslem date in Arabic numerals 1335 and in ordinary numerals "From the time that the daily sacrifice shall be taken away,
1917. Mohammedanism as a religious movement dates its and the abomination that maketh desolate set up, there shall
commencement from 622 AD - the Hegira - when Mohammed be a thousand two hundred and ninety days. [Daniel 12: 11]
fI

fled from Mecca to Medina and was received as a prophet and

-'
prince. 1335 - "BLESSEDNESS"

r
'~'
':~· "Blessed is he that waiteth, and cometh to the thousand three
"

~. ,."
,....
hundred and five and thirty days." [Daniel 12:12]
'

"""<.'~"",' ~, / ':""'.).'~.'"'J'~.
•
~ ..~ :'\" .,,' :"'
These periods grouped together in the twelfth chapter of Daniel
"

! ,," i \

1'.J \,;,"\~ .
f

~./;, "'. :
'1 ,,' , ' ; ' /(,',..
,"!< ....
'''D'c" .
are connected with the same subject. Commencing with the rise
""".'~.~ //
.~ ...,k) ~< '~" ' of the desolating Moslem power lAD 622) and using the LUNAR
year measure, let us see where these time periods are placed in
history. Remember God gives us each day for a year (Numbers
(The date opposite 1917 is the Arabic/or 1335) 14:34, Ezekiel 4:6)
)
t
r',..,
2.13
Ol71VIA
5161718
'\ I

910
• AD 622 Dan 12:7
Time, times
Dan 12:11 Dan 12:12

and a half.
This Egyptian coin of 1917 bears the Moslem 1335 date, given by
God (Daniel XII 12) in answer to Daniel's prayer (chapter IX) on (1,260 days) (1,290 days) 11,335 daysl
behalf ofJerusalem and the Jewish people.
AD 1844 AD 1873 AD 1917
Let us also consider the other time scales given in Daniel 12:7,11
The year AD 1844 was the year that Britain and other Christian
and again v 12. European nations forced the Sultan of Turkey to sign the Decree
1260 - liTHE DOWN TREADING" of Toleration which abolished the death penalty for conversion
from Mohammedanism to Christianity or any other religion. This
" . .. It shall be for a time, times and an half" was a definite stage in the breaking of the power of the desolator
[Daniel 12:71 (Mohammedanism).

100 101
 The year AD 1873 saw the beginning of the agitation amongst However some other examples of these divine time scales are
Ashkenazim (Khazar) Jewry of central and eastern Europe for a not speculative and are worth noting. After Mohammed, founder
home in Palestine (see the Epilogue). Turkey's national debt in of Islam, died in 632 AD, he was succeeded by Omar, the first
1873 was reaching a level where national bankruptcy was being Imperial Caliph, in 634. Omar led an army into Palestine and
forecast. Finally, this year also saw a great blow suffered by captured Jerusalem in 637. On entering the city Omar asked at
Turkey. Its occupied states of Herzgovenia, Montenegro, Bosnia once to be shown the site of David's temple. In 638 Omar erected
and Bulgaria rebelled in open war against the Sultan. a wooden mosque - the Mosque of Omar on the temple site.
This was rebuilt in stone and called the 'Dome of the Rock'. The
The year AD 1917 saw the fall of Jerusalem to British forces Patriarch Sophronius later came to Omar and accosted him, saying,
under General Allenby. ,'Verily this is the abomination of desolation spoken of by Daniel
the prophet, standing in the Holy Place."
Commencing with the rise of the desolating Moslem power (AD
622) and using the SOLAR year measure, we arrive at some
significant dates in the history of the Middle East.
1260 SOLAR years from AD 622 we come to 1882. This was
the year that Britain invaded Egypt. Egypt was nominally part of
the Ottoman Empire and this loss marked a further decline in
Mohammedan power.
1290 SOLAR years from AD 622 we come to 1912. This year
saw the first Balkan War and the beginning of the final breakup
of Turkey's empire.
1335 SOLAR years from AD 622 we come to 1957. This year
was full of turmoil for the Middle East - especially the Israeli
State, Egypt and Turkey. One example being that of Egyptian
troops flying to Syria amid fears of an attack on that country by MOSQUE OF OMAR
Israel and Turkey. This statement has been supported through the centuries by
Beginning from other prophetic historical events, these time many eminent Biblical scholars such as Thomas Newton D.D.,
periods (LUNAR and SOLAR) could be extended into the present Bishop of Bristol. In addition to this desolation of Jerusalem,
day and into the future e.g. 1335 SOLAR years from AD 632 between the years 634 and 644 Omar destroyed some 4,000
(the year Mohammed died and the Caliphate was established) we Christian churches and built 1,400 Mohammedan mosques. He
come to 1967 - the year of the Six Day Arab/Israeli War. To detail initially built many mosques of wood after cutting down thousands
further examples would be beyond the scope of this book and, of trees, thus causing a physical as well as spiritual desolation
in cases of future events at the end of this age, purely speculative. of the land. A once fertile land was transformed into a barren and
For as the book of Daniel tells us, 'At the time appointed the end desolate wilderness by the bad husbandry of the Moslems, leading
shall be' - Daniel 8:19. Also, after giving signs to look for at the to widespread soil erosion. The daily sacrifice had ceased of course
end of the age before his second advent, Jesus Christ said 'But when the Romans destroyed the temple in AD 70 and when the
of that day and hour knoweth no man, no not the angels of heaven, Mosque of Omar was built on the temple site the desecration of
but my Father only.' - Matthew 24. the Holy Place was complete.

1"02 103
 Omar began his career in AD 634 and 1290 SOLAR years later But Daniel was deeply distressed about his people's departure
(Daniel's number for the activities of the desolator) brings us to from Divine Law and he prophesied a long period of national
the year 1924. It was on 6 March 1924, seven years after the fall chastisement. This can be proven to be 2,520 years (see Appendix
of Jerusalem, that the office of the Caliphate l was abolished. The 5). This chastisement BEGAN for the portion of Judah remaining
last holder of that office, the Sultan of Turkey, was earlier deposed in the land when their territory was invaded by the Babylonians
and expelled from Constantinople by Kemel Pasha on 3 March in 604 BC and Jerusalem captured. Some of the people were
1924. The symbolic activities of the desolator were coming to an deported to Babylon. This was the first of three deportations by
end. As already stated, Omar built the first mosque on the temple the Babylonians.
site at Jerusalem in 638. Exactly 1290 SOLAR years later in 1928 If we use 604 BC as a starting point, 2,520 years later we come
Islam was abolished as the Turkish State religion. again to 1917 and the capture of Jerusalem by British forces. The
These are just a few examples of hundreds of divine time northern kingdom of Israel (remember the nation of Israel had
measures that show "the nations are as a drop of a bucket and divided into two parts after the death of Solomon - Israel and
are counted as the small dust of the balance ... all nations before Judah) had been removed earlier from their original homeland
him are as nothing ... that bringeth the princes to nothing, he to Assyria because of disobedience to divine law and were
maketh the judges of the earth as vanity" - Isaiah 40. The non- undergoing their period of punishment which was also a period
Israel nations have their times of power predestined by God. He of 2,520 years [Leviticus 26 - see Appendix 5]. These tribes of
raises them up and brings them down according to His timetable, the northern kingdom of Israel (the House of Israel), in conformity
always mindful of His promises and covenants with His people, with Biblical prophecies and under new names, escaped Assyria
Israel, which cannot be broken. and trekked to the promised sanctuary in the Isles of the West
(Britain) and north-western Europe. (See Appendix 6)
The marvels of Divine timing comprehend the entire scope of
history in all of its related aspects, for God has weighed, measured, Even the day and the month of Jerusalem'S deliverance was
numbered and timed all things. To this the prophet Esdras testifies: recorded by the little known prophet Haggai. He said it would
'For He hath weighed the world in the balance. By measure hath be the 24th day of the Hebrew month Kislev, which for the year
He measured the times, and by number hath He numbered the 1917 was 9 December. Let us look at this in more detail.
times; and he doth not move nor stir them, until the said measure 'God sent Haggai to deliver a proclamation to the civil and
be fulfilled.' - II Esdras 4:36-37. ecclesiastical representatives of the people, the Governor of Judah
and the High Priest at Jerusalem. The prophet had to reprove the
people through their leaders. They had been brought back from
their seventy years captivity to the city where God had placed
His name, and part of their first duty should have been to rebuild
and restore His house, in reverent thankfulness to Him for His
mercy and grace.
Instead of this they were building fine houses for themselves
That certain saint or angel called Palmoni in Hebrew, the and neglecting the ruined Temple. Haggai has to remind the people
numberer of secrets or the wonderful numberer, gave Daniel of the 'bad luck' that seems to dog them in every department of
divine time measures so that at the end of this age the wise would life. Their sowing does not produce good crops; neither food nor
understand but not the wicked. [Daniel 12: 10]. drink gave satisfaction; their clothes did not seem to keep them
I The leader of the Muslim community in matters temporal and spiritual.

104 105
 The following chart shows: warm; money had lost its proper purchasing power. Haggai has
First a short analysis of the book of the prophet Haggai, demonstrating that it is:
to tell them that the reason for this is that God has withheld His
(al divided into two parts;
(bl emphasised by the word "consider," repeated five times, blessing from them. Haggai has to tell the people that if they change
Ic) and that the specific date is twice repeated. their ways and begin to rebuild the terr.ple, God will restore to
them His blessing.
Then across the slide from right to left is a line of Hebrew figures (with English equivalents),
and under the right hand end of this row is column of the na~s of the Hebrew months;
so that we may turn to any Jewish calendar and fInd the 24th day of the 9th month. Also
we have depicted part of a page cut from Whitaker's Almanac for the year 1917, showing that
the Moslem year was 1335, and 25th Kislev was December 10th, which indicates clearly that
24th Kislev fell that year on December 9th, which was the day Jerusalem was delivered.
J.M. Stears

GOD'S TWO PROCLAMATIONS. DELIVERED BY HAGGAI.

TO } ZERUBBABEL • GOVERNOR OF JUDAH Chapur I, Y. I
JOSHUA • HIGH PRIEST
AT
JERUSALEM
y.S
Y."
FIRST PROCLAMATION: CONSIDER (A.) YOUR WAYS.
(B) THE CONSEQUENT LACK OE BLESSING. y.6
CONSIDER (A) A RIGHT RE·ADJUSTMENT OF YOUR WAYS. y.8
(8) THE WHEREFORE OF YOU RLACK OF BLESSING. Y.9-11
THE MESSAGE HEEDED: OBEDIENCE DEMO... _..
....::'IIV\ICIJ -..... -----
I... IJCC"''''. .......

SECOND PROCLAMATION: IN THIS PLACE WILL I GIVE PEACE. Chapter II, Y. 9

(IN THE FOURTH AND TWENTIETH DAY OF THE NINTH MONTH). v.IO
CONSIDER, FROM THIS DAY. Y. IS
CONSIDER, FROM THIS DAY. v. 18
FROM THE FOURTH AND TWENTIETH DAY' OF THE NINTH MONTH. Both leaders and people did heed the message, and commenced
CONSIDER.-fROM THIS DAY WILL I BLESS YOU. Y.19
the rebuilding of the Temple to the glory of God. As a result, a
'IEI~f:I'::I~'D==lC ,,"""" r,.,.,...r::a'!IIt'" D n" 11., 2::a M second message, a message of Blessing is brought to them from
10 .. 18 J7 III 15 lU II II 11 10 18 18 1'1 Ie 11 ., 11 11 11 10 9 8 '1 8 I , 3 , 1
God by Haggai: it was given on the four and twentieth day of the
JEWISH CALENDAR (A.M. 5677 aftd port of A.M. N71.)
A.H. 5677. A.D. If... A.D. 1f17.
ninth month, and the importance of the date is strongly
n.brl ! ~'2f r:of~=l.'-V-}, SlYIn I May 22 New MOOft.
, .. 27 P_....t. 'PatIn! of Weeki. emphasised; three times over the word 'consider' is repeated.
.. 21
I: .. 1.-."'....
..
II 1: r r.
"'r.~ Atonemlftt). T';;'... Ju::. N";HOOft~nd dey.
.. 18 July 8 fut ofT.,......
I. NISAN

2.IVYAR •
(Ablb).
Unquestionably therefore, a special significance is meant to be
Ab I .. 20 Ne.. MOOft.
22 .. If Feucolcheltbday. placed on this date [Haggai 2:15,18]. The ninth month of the
.. D
Hot..... I
20 Rojoldn, 01 the La...
.. 11 N_ Moon.
Killev I Nov. 26 _ Moon.
ilul t Au;. r:::.
~ o~::.i. 3. SIVAN.
4. TAHHUZ. Hebrew year is Kislev (corresponding to part of November·
.. 25 Doc. 20 Dedication 01 the Temple.
Tebtt I .. 26 Ne.. Moon.
A.D. 1917.
A.M. N71.
nlh,l I Sept. 17 Roth Huhlnah INo.. V....).
5. AB. December) and the Hebrew calendar being lunar, the date varies
.. II JM. Ifut. SI..e olJerualom. I of
.." Put GuedaUoh. 6. eLUL.
in relation to our calendar. Therefore we may recognise here again
11: : f<li:. ~ ~:: =~: I: ott :If 1: ~~-r:b.~~[r:' Atonemont). 7. TISHRI.
II Har. 7 fut 01 Elellor.
14 • Purim.
16
21
2..
7 H _ Rtbo.
2nd day.
8. MARCHES- the finger of God in the deliverance of Jerusalem, when we find
., II .. 'Sh....... :Il • Feut oltho 8tb day. VAN.
NI.an I ,,24 New Moon.
II April 7 Fettln! 01 Puloyor.
n 21
HOIYlft I
tt 'Refolch'f, ohhe Law.
.. 17 Now Hoon. 9. KISLEV.
that it occurred on the exact date of the blessing foretold through
u 22
16 .....
.. 1 4 . .
..
"end..
2nd day Kill.. 1 No•• 16 New Moon.
H 11 Dec. 10 HanuC8 1 OedlcatlonoftheTemple. IO~ TEBETH. Haggai twenty-four centuries beforehand, for in 1917 the 24th
1_ I .. D New Hoon. Tobtt I . . " Ne.. 1100n.
N---.An J_llh hbbacb. and F...I..1t bo.lft tho pro.lou. henln. ac Sun.et. II. SHE8AT. Kislev fell on 9 December. Furthermore, all Hebrew days begin
-----------------------------112. ADAR.
VEADAR. at the previous sunset, and from the beginning of the 24th Kislev
y..., 1335.
of HeJII'G
A.D. 1916.
I Yoo, of Hejlro
1335. A.D. 1917
I
MUHAMMADAN CALENDAR (13:I5th Year 01 Hejl"" A.D. "16-ltl7.)
reo, 1335.
of Hejlro
A.D. 1917.
(sunset on 8 December 1917}and all through the night, Turkish
Huharram ......... O_ber
Sepbtr ............ Novembtr 27
21 Jomadol. ......... Febr....,.:Il
Jomuall.......... Harch 25
Dullcud. ......... Au,uu
Dulh...lo ......... Septembor I.
It troops were evacuating the Holy City. By early morning, all had
gone and soon after 8:00 am on 9 December (24th Kislev), the
9 December It l' "fJ:I Ellley J.M. Stears

106 107
Mayor of Jerusalem, under a white flag, was seen coming from take Jerusalem, a necessity, Allenby's interest in divine prophecy
the city to surrender the keys. Divine foreknowledge alone can and the identification of Britain and kindred peoples as being of
account for these facts.' - 'As Birds Flying or Jerusalem 191 T Israel, Meinertzhagen's brilliant plan of deception to fool the
by J .M. Stears. Germans, the shooting down of a German spotter plane before
The prophet Jeremiah and the Babylonian Chronicle provide the attack on Beersheba, the desperate charge before nightfall to
clues relating to the fall of Jerusalem in 1917. In Jeremiah Chapter secure the wells at Beersheba, the seconds between success or
25 some important prophecies are recorded which he made in the disaster as the engineer began to destroy the wells at Beersheba,
spring or early summer of 604 B.C. They are dated to the 4th year the delays experienced on the road to Jerusalem that ensured the
of King Jehoiakim of Judah, which began in the autumn of 605 British Army would reach and occupy the city according to God's
B.C., and to the 1st year of Nebuchadnezzar, which began in the timetable and not Man's, and the unexplained panic the Turks
spring of 604 B.C. Jeremiah said that Nebuchadnezzar would come showed on the evening of December 8. The Almighty always has
the last word.
and destroy the nation of Judah and other nations because of their
wickedness Ueremiah 25:1-10]. Secondly, he gave a list of nations
which were to suffer war - the first being Jerusalem and the cities
of Judah Ueremiah 25: 15-25].
In consequence of these gloomy predictions, Jeremiah was
forbidden to enter the temple, so he dictated his message to his
scribe Baruch who as to read it in public on a fast day when all
the people gathered in Jerusalem Uer 36:1-6]. For this purpose a
special day was set in the ninth month of the fifth year of Jehoiakim
[November/December 604 B.C.) The message was read to all
the people, then to the leaders of the nation and finally to the King.
With contempt, Jehoiakim had it torn up and burned. Uer
36:23-25].
The Babylonian Chronicle tells us that Nebuchadnezzar invaded
the Hattiland (Syria and Palestine) in 604 B.C. and in the Hebrew
month of Kislev - the ninth month corresponding to
November/December. Jerusalem then surrendered in the middle
of the month at Kislev, the ninth month, that is early December
604 B.C. How remarkable that exactly 2,520 years later jthe
punishment period - see Appendix 5) in early December 1917,
Jerusalem would fall to British forces.
It must surely be beyond all reasonable doubt that all these
extraordinary prophecies cannot be just coincidence! Many
incidents related in the history of this campaign also bear the stamp
of an overriding divine omnipotence - the defeat at Gallipoli
making a campaign in Palestine to defeat Turkey, and therefore

108 109
 EPILOGUE
After taking Jerusalem and fighting off Turkish attempts to
recapture the city, Allenby pressed northward. After many
HOUSE OF JUDAH ESAu/EDOM notable actions, the finale of the campaign was the devastating
200, ISO captives were taken by Sennacherib about 701 B.C. and placed in Idumeans
Amalekites
victory of Megiddo - the Armageddon of the ancients - in
Assyria with the Ten 'Jribes - see 2 Kings 18 and clay prism of Sennacherib
now in the British Museum, London Thrks September 1918. There, on the plain of Esdraelon in one of the
I most absolute victories of the entire imperial record, the British
A few escaped the Babylon Captivity destroyed the Turkish armies in Syria, effectively putting an end
by fleeing into Egypt
to the Ottoman Empire. The rest is more recent history. Britain
I
Less than 50,000 returned to Palestine under administered Palestine under a mandate from the League of
70 years later Ezra and Nehemiah and became known as the
Nation of the Jews. A remnant from both
Nations until 1948. Under the terms of the infamous Balfour
The majority remained in Babylon and their Benjamin and Levi also returned with them. Declaration of 1917, Britain guaranteed a home for the 'Jewish'
descendants were scattered throughout many lands. people, thus destroying all the promises made to the Arabs for
their support in the campaign against Turkey. The British
Intermarriages took place between Jews, Hittites
and otbers in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah
Government capitulated to the demands of the Zionist Federation
~ represented by Lord Rothschild and backed by Jewish
The name "Jew" first appears in the Bible in
The nation of the Idumeans was absorbed 2 Kings 16:6 but did not exist as such in any international bankers to whom Britain was in debt. Wholesale
,
by the Jews about 125 B.C.

Tbe nation of the Jews was destroyed

language until the 16th or 17th century! Jewish immigration to Palestine began almost immediately,
reaching a climax in the years 1945 to 1948. Jewish terrorist
in A.D. 70 IMatthew 21:431
groups from 1940 onwards, Isome led by future politicians and
I a future Prime Minister of Israeiliaunched a campaign of murder
The kingdom of the Khazars, a people of Edomile stock,
was converted to Judaism about A.D. 740 to take on a against the British who were trying to keep the peace, and of
Jewish identity. known as the
terror, killing and displacement of the Palestinian Arabs.
SEPHARDlM ASHKENAZIM
5% of all Jews, 95% of all The Jews are of overwhelmingly non-Israelitish blood, being
contain true contain no descended in the main from the IKlChazars of Eastern Europe
Israelites Israelites
and central and southern Russia IArmenia and Georgial who had
MODERN JEWRY
adopted Judaism in the 8th century. These Khazars IAshkenazim)
total about 13 million in the had either inter-married with or are directly descended from the
world - half in the Americas
and about a quarter each in Edomites of Mt. Seir in ancient Palestine. The father of the
and Asia Imainly in Edomites was Esau - Jacob/Israel's brother. Esau had married
Israeli statel
foreign wives and his descendants have been true Israel's most
Barren fig tree to wither away IMatthew :11:18-201
bitter of enemies. They usurped control over and even the name
END TIMES I
Fig tree to bring forth new of the remnant of Judah, plotted to kill Jesus Christ, and in the
shoots ILuke 21:301 [Sign greatest confidence trick in history have claimed that they are
Kingdom of God is near]
God's chosen people returning to their ancient homeland - Israel,
a land that was never theirs.
The Biblica Encyclopedia and the Jewish Encyclopedia both

110 111
state that Esau/Edom is the driving force and major component IN MEMORIAM . . . Ordinary Blokes
of modern Jewry. Britain, a part of true Israel, took Jerusalem
as prophesied in 1917 and then was removed from Palestine as Mter the ArmIstice, the bodies of those who fell in the campaign
was prophesised also by various Old Testament prophets. Those in Palestine were placed in the military cemeteries at Gaza, Deir
prophecies are outside the context of this book. However, Jesus el Belah, Beersheba, Ramleh, Haifa, Damascus and Jerusalem by
Christ said of these end times we live in, together with other signs, the Imperial War Graves Commission.
Matthew 24:32,33, "When you see the Fig tree and all the trees
The military cemetery at Jerusalem is situated on the summit
sprouting new leaves." Luke 21:29,30 - the Fig tree was the
of Mount Scopus which is two miles to the north of the city. From
Biblical emblem of the Jewish nation that is now sprouting a new
its summit a panoramic view of Jerusalem is gained and many
leaf as the Israeli state, the other trees are the newly independent
of the famous buildings of the Holy City can be seen - The
nations of the world. Truely, Jerusalem and the surrounding land
Mosque of Omar (the Dome of the Rock or Kubbet es Sakhra)
is still a veritable 'cup of trembling,' but God is always faithful
stands in the midst of the temple area IHaram esh Sheriff). It is
to His promises and prophecies - some of which remain to be
built over the spot where Abraham is said to have offered up his
fulfilled.
son Isaac for sacrifice. On this spot King David built an altar and
Solomon also placed his magnificent temple there. The Aksa
Mosque, Mesjid el Aksa, in the south of the temple area and the
Christian Church of the Holy Sepulchre can also be clearly seen
from the military cemetery on Mount Scopus.
It was on Mount Scopus that Titus and his Roman legions
camped during the siege of Jerusalem in AD 70. Saladin placed
his headquarters on this hill when he fought the Crusaders.
The bodies of the men from Great Britain and the Empire -
the modern Crusaders who died freeing the Holy Land from
Turkish rule - are sleeping peacefully on a hill that overlooks
EI Kuds Esh Sherif, Jerusalem, the foundation of peace.
Their names and the names of others are recorded on cairns,
JERUSALEM
broken columns,! obelisks, memorial arches, museum walls and
cenotaphs scattered throughout Great Britain, Australia, New
Zealand and India. At well attended dawn parades throughout
Australia and New Zealand on ANZAC Day, 25 April, the deeds
and sacrifices of these men and others from two world wars are
remembered. Later on the same day, large parades are held in
the main cities of Australia and New Zealand. It is, however, in
the small rural areas that the most poignant reminders of these
men are found. These rural areas were once the heartlands of
Australia and New Zealand with the men from these places
1 Symbolising life cut off in youth.

112 113
 creating the now legendary stereotypes that have vanished into
folklore. If one travels through rural towns on ANZAC Day, one
will see war memorials bedecked with flowers. These memorials
are usually placed in a central location. Some have beautifully
sculptured soldiers, Imperial lions and flags flying as part of the
design. Others are very simple but they all express the loss, sorrow
and pride that these small communities felt. Some communities
..IZ
..I J
CIf)
lost a complete generation of young men and virtually vanished
i}j~ within a few years.
WI-
OIL.
Co In the rich green farmlandsof Taranaki, New Zealand, lying in
-z the shadow of Mount Egmont, is the town of Stratford. On the
931:
OOz walls of a covered arcade in the town centre are framed black
31:°0
00> and white photographs, some yellowing with age, of young men
a:~~
oom who did not return. Every ANZAC Day the women of Stratford
t:0.,j
W w_ adorn the photographs with beautiful wreaths, to make a most
..I1=;,s moving memorial to the fallen of the district.
WI-W
a:c:c
C _I- Beside a metal road near the small settlement of Whangamomona
I-Za:
C:&W
:CWm in the remote and rugged King Country of New Zealand stands
1-0:& an obelisk so weather-beaten that names can hardly be read. The
wZw
~o:&
;IO°W community that erected this memorial has vanished.
a:
If) If)
ca:..I
-11j ..I On the west wall of the Grecian-like facade of the Auckland
9>i War Memorial Museum the flowing shape of an eastern pitcher
oww
I-:C~
01-;10 is sculptured. Underneath this pitcher are the names Beersheba,
Z a:: - Jerusalem and others of the Palestine campaign. Occasionally one
~o~
;IOZ_
o:&Z will see an elderly man touch his cap in respect as he walks past
a:wa::
0:cO
..11-:&
this wall or a young runner salute as he jogs by.
..I>w
Ca:::c Every ANZAC Day, 25 April, a special service of remembrance
:CCI-
If)w
>31:- z is held in Westminster Abbey, London. At the Cenotaph in London
Wl- O
:C
OZ on Armistice Day. 11 November, in a solemn, emotional but
rZC dignified ceremony, the dead of Great Britain and the Empire -
the 'Young Lions' the ANZACs - are remembered. As relative
newcomers to modern warfare, the ANZACs were regarded with
quizzical interest by the few hard-bitten professional soldiers of
the British Regular Army who had survived the great slaughter
of the previous years. In a very short time this quizzical interest
turned to respect and generous accolades were paid to these men
from Australia and New Zealand. This respect was reciprocated

114 115
 by the ANZACs to the regular and conscript rank and file of the
British Army in Palestine, despite what some modern film makers
..J
..J
and authors may project. If there was any contempt it was reserved
W for some senior staff officers and overly harsh standards of
3: discipline. The ANZACs greatly influenced the outcome of the war
!J)
c in Palestine by the qualities that they brought to it - qualities
:r:: of initiative, courage, mateship, humour and sacrifice.
sa..J However, today it would not be overly cynical to suggest that
!fJ it would seem much of their sacrifice was in vain. Many of their
~ ideals are now ridiculed and their pride in empire, nation and race
CJ displaced by self-doubt, introspection and the godless concepts
z
if of multi-racial societies and One World Governments.
w -
.... ~
C a: Many of the memorials to these men are now vandalised beyond
3: ~ repair, reflecting a sick, materialistic and godless generation. Some
z w memorials are collapsing through disrepair and wealthier
o- ~
a: communities than those who built these memorials do not seem
sa> 0
II. to care.
is ~
Q
w 0
j::: A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements
II

.... w of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to

Z ~
::> ~ be remembered with pride by remote descendants" - Lord
o &:I.
Macaulay.
:E ::i
o II. However there are always a few remaining who believe God's
C w
N ::r: promises of ultimate restoration to his people Israel (the Anglo
Z ~
C ~ Saxon, Celtic, and kindred peoples) and who give thanks for His
w 0 blessings and remember those who have gone before, saying:
:r::~
....
lL Let us now praise famous men
0
Z and our fathers that begat us'
w Ecclesiasticus 44: 1
:E
w
U)
a::
0
:r::
....
:r::
CJ
:J

116 111
.....
.....
CXI

SERGEANTS OF THE WARWICKSHIRE YEOMANRY

(NOTE THE LEE ENFIELD RIFLE IN THE FOREGROUND)

.....
.....
u:I

LIGHT HORSEMEN
BOILING THE "BILLY" IN THE DESERT DURING THE DRIVE NORTH FROM GAZA
.lSl::IlH.l 1::I13H.l ONIH:>N3nO S1::I3011::l 1::I13H.l ON" S3Sl::IOH 1::I"M
 ORDINARY BLOKES
Bill and Les didn't make it back,
They had names like Bill, Les, John, where they are, God only knows.
Dave and Ben. The telegrams said missing in action,
Ordinary blokes, presumed dead,
quick to offer friendship over what can you do
a beer and a smoke. that's the way it goes.
They came from Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Back to Egypt went John,
Melbourne, Cairns Dave and Ben,
and a hundred lonely places got their horses back at last,
in between, now they were Allenby's mounted men.
coming from new lands,
eager and keen. On they rode across Sinai,
to Gaza, Beersheba and Jerusalem,
They joined the Mounted Rifles and Light Horse places once only dreamed of
when war came, through the writer's pen.
a great adventure, I suppose,
bit of a lark, Then it all was over
but the old country's called you know, and back on home they came,
ordinary blokes - older and wiser
they wouldn't leave her in the dark. still decent, straight talking men.
They had ties of blood, kith and kin, Now time has taken them away,
patriotism wasn't a dirty word then, as time will always do.
though to ordinary blokes We'll never see their like today,
self-righteous politicians No, just names
and pious priests on lumps of stone.
wore a little thin. Names like Bill, Les, John
Dave and Ben.
So off they went Ordinary blokes,
Bill, Les, John, Dave and Ben the kind I'd like to have known.
took their own horses you know,
off to Egypt - Andrew Adams
off to Gallipoli,
it was a bloody show.

122 123
 Palestine

A league~long line of mountains :

Some fertile plains :
Bright, rippling, purling fountains,
After the rains.
Vast valleys, lorn and lonely;
Smiling and green:
Dead cities, telling only MOSQUE OF OMAR
What might have been.

A home of races. mingled

Gentile and Jew:
A weary, stricken people, Women with veiled faces:
So long enslaved; Rogues. not a few.
A spire and broken steeple, A Sacred Land. and Holy:
By lanes ill-paved: Beersheba to Dan;
A thousand superstitions; Where once a King so lowly
A hundred creeds; Lived as a man.
The beggars' vain petitions
Dol..,. '" That no one heeds.

A land of milk and honey,

In Moses' day:
A field of poppies blazing: A place of paper money
Orchids new-born: Since Abdul's sway:
A wealth of flowers amazing A prophets' land and sages',
F ringing the corn: By right divine:
A line of camels stringing The heir of all the Ages,
Across the brae: Poor Palestine!!
The skylark sweetly singing, "TROOPER BLUEGUM."
To welcome day.

124 125
 APPENDIX ONE:
Field Marshal Viscount Edmund H.H. Allenby
of Megiddo and Felixstowe, GCB, GCMG.
Edmund Allenby was born in 1861 to a family of northern
English origins. He possessed an eighteenth century blood link
to the Lord Protector of England Oliver Cromwell. After twice
failing exams for the Indian Civil Service, Allenby entered the
Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst in 1881 and graduated with
honours the same year. At twenty-one he was posted as a subaltern
in the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons to South Africa (Zululand) where
he remained for six years. At the of thirty-four he married
Mabel Chapman after a whirlwind courtship during a Scottish
hunting trip. After a second attempt, Allenby became the first
cavalry officer to qualify to attend the Staff College. In 1897, during
Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, he graduated.
The Boer War which began in 1899 transformed Allenby and
he demonstrated his remarkable qualities as a field commander.
Bold in action and with no fear of danger or responsibility, he took
risks, but no unnecessary risks, with his men. However, Allenby
was shocked by the incompetence of his superiors and he became
determined to put matters right and instill common sense,
imagination and thoroughness in military strategy.
Allenby absorbed many tactical and strategic lessons from the
Boer War that he would remember in his campaign in Palestine
- especially the simplicity of Lord Robert'sl strategy of feinting
one flank then crushing with the other, completed only by the
subtle intricacies of deception, concentration and mobility. He also
developed the habit in the Boer War of giving his trusted
subordinate officers the widest freedom of action in achieving their
given missions. He became an expert in all aspects of mobile
cavalry warfare.
During the early stages of World War I, Allenby was placed in
command of the British cavalry division. Allenby was later
promoted to command 5th Corps (2nd Ypres). In October 1915,
1 Field Marshal Roberts V.C., was a di""nguished soldier who first saw service in the Indian
Mutiny (1857-58) where he won the Victoria Cross. He was victorious at Kandahar in Afghanistan
(1880) and restored the military situation for Great Britain in the Boer War.
GENERAL ALLENBY

126 121
 General French appointed him in command of the Third Army
which later took part in the 1916 Battle of Somme. As in all sectors
of the Somme offensive, Third Army's lot was costly failure.
Allenby's fmal action on the Western Front was the Battle of Arras
in 1917. This battle was initially successful but ultimately failed.
Allenby had his share of critics but his forcefulness and reputation
,... as a cavalry commander, quite apart from his strong personality,
..-
c:n impressed some members of the Imperial General Staff and he
..-
~ was recommended to the Prime Minister Lloyd George as the
Commander of his 'eastern enterprise - the capture of Jerusalem
~
II:
by Christmas 1917.' On meeting Allenby, the Prime Minister felt
cr: he was the man for the job.
LL
o Allenby assumed command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force
W at midnight on 28 June 1917. The effect of his personality was
...J
I- immediate, coming as it did after the recent Gaza reverse.
~ According to the Australian Official History:
W "He went through the hot, dusty camps of his army like a strong,
:z:
l- fresh, reviving wind. He would dash up in his car to a Light Horse
I-
cr: regiment, shake hands with a few officers, inspect hurriedly, but
> with a sure eye to good and bad points, the horses of, perhaps,
:IE
II: a single squadron, and be gone in a few minutes, leaving a great
cr: trail of dust behind him. His tall and massive but restlessly active
C
II: figure, his keen eyes, his terse and forcible speech, and his
X imperious bearing radiated an impression of tremendous
I-
m resolution, quick decision and steely discipline. Troops who caught
>-m only one fleeting glimpse of him felt that here at last was a man
zw with the natural qualities of a great driving commander who, given
...J
...J
a great task and supplied, as Allenby was, with a great scheme
cr: for its accomplishment, would relentlessly force it through to its
...J
cr: conclusion. At last they had a commander who would live among
II:
W them and lead them. Within a week of his arrival Allenby had
Z stamped his own personality on the mind of every trooper of the
W
C!J horse and every infantryman of the line.'
Surprise, mobility and concentration were the keynotes of
Allenby's victories in Palestine, backed by relentless determination
in the pursuit. While minimising risks he was always willing to
take risks to succeed. Behind the front lines he demanded an
efficient administration with attention to health, communication

128 129
 '----.po

and logistics. Allenby's tactics were the forerunners of the German and were coming under fire from guns obviously within the city
'Blitzkrieg' or lightning war of World War II. His co-ordination itself. Allenby did not want to fire back, feeling it would be
of surprise, the moving barrage, the mobility of infantry, artillery, unworthy of the British nation to fire on such a sacred spot. So
cavalry and the hammer blows delivered by bombing after aircraft deeply did Allenby feel about the matter that he cabled the Prime
had swept all opposition from the skies, were studied by the Minister Lloyd George for directions, and received a reply to the
Germans between the two World Wars. There was a saying in effect that the Cabinet left him free to do whatever he deemed
the German High Command during World War I that the English necessary. Not satisfied, Allenby cabled the King for guidance.
soldiers were lions led by donkeys. The Germans made few H.M. King George V replied, "Pray about it". Gathering his staff
exceptions to that statement - Allenby was not regarded as a around him, Allenby followed the King's advice. Not long
donkey. afterward the Turkish firing stopped and Allenby was told of the
Turkish surrender.
To the troops under his command he was known as The Bull'
because of his large physique and his notorious outbursts of rage. Allenby lost his only son, Michael, who was killed as a horse
Senior officers were known to have been physically sick after artillery lieutenant in France. Allenby's wife assisted in Red Cross
interviews with him. Banjo Patterson, the Australian poet who work in Egypt. After the war, Allenby was appointed British High
knew Allenby from Boer War days, described a visit by Allenby: Commissioner in Egypt. In 1919 he was raised to the peerage,
becoming. Viscount Allenby of Megiddo and Felixstowe. To the
"He came to inspect our horse depot, a great lonely figure of a Arabs he would be remembered as 'Allah-en-Nebi', and to his
man, riding silently in front of an obviously terrified staff. After soldiers he would remain 'The Bull'. He died in 1936 and is buried
chatting about the old South Africa days, he said, 'I am afraid I in Westminster Abbey.
am becoming very hard to get on with. I want to get this war over
and if anything goes wrong I lose my temper and cut loose on
them.' II

Crafty staff officers employed one signal officer to monitor

Allenby's frequent visits and give a signal warning with the letters
'B l' or 'Bull Loose'.
Yet there was another side to Allenby. He was in essence a
sensitive man who had a great interest in literature, music,
ornithology, crusader castles and roses. He could easily break off
a discussion about strategy to discuss French poetry or the Bible.
AlIenby believed in God. He often consulted the Bible for
spiritual guidance and for the valuable historical and geographical
insights it offered for an army campaigning in Palestine. Frequently
he would ask his staff officers to bow their heads and pray with
him for the success of an attack with few casualties. One incident
worthy of record was told to the Reverend Cecil Taylor by the
New Zealand officer Colonel C.E.R. Mackesey CMG, CB, DSO.
British artillery had come within striking distance of Jerusalem

130 131
 'I have ridden with Allenby' Up to the slope of Nazareth,
Where out of the dim bazaars the breath
As I dream it seems to Ole Of shaven sandalwood was blown.
I have ridden with Allenby! I skirted the now-crowned mountain zone
Of Hermon, and saw the morning star
On a day, in the time long gone, Silver the roofs of Kefr Hawar.
I rode into the heart of the dawn And then I looked on the lovely loom
Out of Gaza. My desert steed, Of orange, pomegranate and citron bloom,
Son of sire of the Nedjid breed, (A bower that to the Prophet's eyes
Took the breath of the morning sun Was a prescience of Paradise)
With never a pause till we had won And came to Damascus by the gate
O'er rocky sweep and o'er sandy swell That leads to the ancient Street called Straight.
To the riven House of Gabriel.
Then, ere the shut of the eve, we came So he marched, and it seems to me
Where the last red streamers lit with flame I have ridden with Allenby!
The mosque of Hebron set in the vale,
With its towering minarets, and its tale Never again the Turkish blight
Of Isaac's end of Abraham'S tombs, On all this land of lure and light!
Where only the Faithful in the glooms Never again the brutal ban
May bow, while faintly the cressets flare, From far Beersheba unto Dan!
And the swart muezzin calls to prayer. Rather the beam of His promised Peace
Thence on to Bethlehem we sped, In this home of holy memories!
With the dome of Allah overhead, His peace for all men under the sun
And never a sign of a cloud in view From Nebo north to Lebanon;
To blue the breadth of its gold and blue. His peace through the hand that set them free!

So he marched, and it seems to me I have ridden with Allenby!

I have ridden with Allenby!
CUNTON SCOLLARD

Then Jerusalem, and the hill

Of Golgotha, and the sacred, still
Church of the Holy Sepulchre!
The Vale of the Mount, and the ceaseless stir
Of Pilgrim feet where Christ once strayed,
Under the cruel Cross down-weighed!
I rode by Jenin with its palms
Clear cut against the noon-day calms;
I rode by Nablus, I rode by Nain,
And over the wide Esdraelon plain

132 133
 APPENDIX TWO: Lawrence of Arabia

'By day the hot sun fermented us: and we were dizzied by the
beating wind. At night we were stained by dew, and shamed into
pettiness by the innumerable silences of the stars.'
So begins one of the great adventure stories of English literature
- 'Seven Pillars of Wisdom', by Thomas Edward Lawrence
'Lawrence of Arabia'. Scarcely a year goes by when a book or
an article is not published about T.E. Lawrence. There are
hundreds of books and thousands of articles analysing his life and
achievements. Some are romantic and flowery while others are
scurrilous and degrading.
It is not the author's intention to write yet another biography
on Lawrence, but rather to make a few comments and state a few
facts. Contrary to popular myth, Lawrence did not love Arabs nor
did he wish to give them their freedom - whatever that meant.
He neither loved nor hated them and felt they should become a
sort of brown dominion and not a colony. He did however have
a remarkable ability to become almost one of them and in this,
he was continuing the tradition established by a handful of
Englishmen in Arabia. This ability was not without a price - both
physical and intellectual.
'Bedouin ways were hard even for those brought up to them,
and for strangers terrible: a death in life - Pray God that men
reading the story (Seven Pillars of Wisdom) will not, for love of
the glamour of strangeness, go out to prostitute themselves and
their talents in serving another race. A man who gives himself
to be a possession of aliens leads a Yahoo life, having bartered
his soul to a brute-master. He is not one of them."
Despite what some modern authors say, it is clear reading eye-
witness accounts not tainted by modern politics or nationalism,
that Lawrence was the driving force, the 'on the spot' intelligence
behind the Arab revolt. He would often wait in a discussion until
all ideas had been exhausted by Arab minds and then quietly make
a winning suggestion couched in such a way as to make the Arabs
believe the idea was their own. Perhaps even more importantly,
T.E. LAWRENCE· "LAWRENCE OF ARABIA" he could do nearly everything the Bedouin could, but better.

134 135
 Always conscious of creating a psychological impression, Lawrence was a patriot, perhaps not in the same mold as patriots
Lawrence cultivated a charisma about himself. He often dressed of his generation, but nevertheless he could write on seeing British
in white silk robes with a head rope (Agal) of scarlet and gold. Infantry marching, 'By them one saw vividly how great it was
At his waist he wore a curved golden dagger of a Meccan Sherif. to be their kin and English - I am proudest of my thirty fights in
To Arabs this dress suggested a man of wealth and power. that I did not have any of our own blood shed. All our subject
Lawrence compensated for his small stature {five feet five inches) provinces to me were not worth one dead Englishman.'
by riding larger than average sized camels capable of great speed He also had a conscience and this author feels it was this that
was the root cause of the mental breakdowns he suffered after
the war. He must have realized that all the promises made to the
Arabs by the British Government through him and others were
worth nothing when the Sykes-Picot Plan and Balfour Declaration
came into being. He had led the Arabs with false promises not
of his own making and this perhaps was why he said, "there may
be honour amongst thieves, but there is none amongst politicians" .
In his beautiful descriptions of the desert perhaps some insight
can be gained into Lawrence's complex psyche e.g. "The
abstraction of the desert landscape cleansed me, and rendered my
mind vacant with its superfluous greatness, a greatness achieved
not by the addition of thought to its emptiness, but by its
subtraction. In the weakness of earth's life was mirrored the
strength of heaven, so vast, so beautiful, so strong."
Lawrence was a poet, scholar, soldier, writer, mechanic,
diplomat, archaeologist - a strange and heady mixture - at home
equally with the humblest soldier, airman, or Arab or with the
greatest politician, General or sheik.
He was one of the most extraordinary and talented men Britain
has produced and his life was snuffed out amidst circumstances
that still arouse controversy.

----------------------------------------------------
"All men dream: but not equally. Those who dream by night in
and endurance. His own endurance became almost legendary
the dusty recesses of their minds wake in the day to find that it
among the Bedouin. While widely read in military history but with
was vanity; but the dreamers of the day are dangerous men, for
little formal military training, it was a remarkable achievement
they may act their dreams with open eyes, to make it possible.
that he succeeded against a merciless foe, a desolate environment
This I did."
and within an exclusive tribal warrior society. His powerful mind
T.E. Lawrence
exerted an iron-willed control over his physical body.

136 131
 APPENDIX THREE: 'The Waler'
Since the 1830s the British Army had been buying horses from
Australia for their cavalry units in India. The type preferred was
the New South Wales stock horse, called a ·Waler'. It is not
outlandish to suggest that Australian horses took part in the the
charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War of 1854.
The average Waler was 15 to 16 hands and sired by an English
thoroughbred irom breeding mares that were part Brumby Iwild
horse). As a stock horse, the Waler could be ridden day after day
and required only the minimum attention. Australian horses could
travel faster and further than many of the coarser breeds favoured
by the English cavalry regiments. They also ate and drank less,
rarely collapsed from exhaustion and recovered quickly from hard
riding. One English officer would write, "Their record in this war
places them far above the cavalry horses of any other nation."
en
w

~::J:
a:
c
3:
w
::J:
I-

"SMOKO" - MEN AND HORSES

The celebrated Australian poet Banjo Patterson, who was a major

in a remount unit in Palestine, had this to say about Australian
horses "The war was a good test of horses, and our troop horses
under Palestine conditions were better than any others. They stood
more work and they recovered quicker when they came back to
us to be patched up after being knocked out. We had every kind
of horse don't forget, for we worked for the whole army, not only

138 139
 faithful horses it was a last nosebag, a pat and then a bullet fired
for Australians. Our horses had more thoroughbred blood than by special squads of marksmen. It was a black, sad day with many
any others and I think that accounted for their toughness. A lot men distraught as they said goodbye to their faithful mounts, the
of English horses were a trifle short of thoroughbred blood, but Walers, full of spirit and light in their eyes to the last. These horses
when you got the English hunter or a part thoroughbred English had been so much a part of their lives in the last great cavalry
horse, there was nothing better' - from 'Wireless and other Talks' campaign in history. This then is their epitaph:
Cairo, Egypt 1917.
THE WAR HORSE
Ifrom the book of Job)
Hast thou given the horse strength?
Hast thou clothed his neck with thunder?
Canst thou make him afraid as a grasshopper?
The glory of his nostrils is terrible.
He paweth the valley, and rejoiceth in his strength.
He goeth on to meet the armed men.
He mocketh at fear, and is not affrighted;
Neither turneth he back from the sword.
The quiver rattleth against him,
The glittering spear and the shield.
He swalloweth the ground with fierceness and rage:
Neither believeth he that it is the sound of the trumpet.
He saith among the trumpets, Ha ha;
And he smelleth the battle afar off,
"BESS" - THE ONLY NEW ZEALAND HORSE TO RETURN HOME
The thunder of the captains, and the shouting.

At the end of hostilities in Palestine and Syria, Light Horsemen Job 39:19-25
and New Zealand Mounted Riflemen learned that they would have
to leave their horses behind. The reason given was that to take
them back home would endanger the health of Australian and New
Zealand livestock. Also the cost of transport would be too
expensive! A huge wave of protest swept through the ranks and
the idea of selling the horses was dropped. One Australian officer
remarked, "Long experience of the native and his barbarous, at
times hideously cruel, treatment of animals caused a universal
shudder throughout Australian and New Zealand ranks at the mere
thought of our gallant steeds in his possession". Rather than being
sold, the horses were classified A, B, Cor D according to age and
condition. A and B class would go to the British Indian Army
cavalry units, all C and D class horses would be shot. For some

141
140
 APPENDIX FOUR
A. EEF Order of Battle, October, 1917
Commander-in.(;hief: General Sir Edmund H.H. AUenby
Chief of the General Staff: Major-General L.). Bois
--------------------------,-------------------------- I
Desert Mounted Corps I
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry G. Chauvel
2291h I6IDevonshire Regiment, 121Sommerset
ANZAC Mounted Division Major-General E.W.C. Chaytor Light 14/Royal Highlanders, I2IRoyal
1st Light Horse Brigade: Is.t. 2nd, 3rd Scots Fusiliers
2nd Light Horse Brigade: 5th, 6th, 7th 230th Brigade: 100East Kent Regiment, I6IRoyal Sussex

~~L--,I1}{J@m~I]~ @1J~ ~~D[K][!)

New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade: Regiment, IS/Suffolk Regiment, 121Norfolk Regiment
Canterbury, Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiments 231st Brigade: 100Shropshire Light Infantry, 24!Royal Welch
Australian Mounted Division Major·General HW. Hodgson Fusiliers, 2SIRoyal Welch Fusiliers, 241Welch Regiment
3rd Light Horse Brigade: 8th, 9th. 10th Regiments Corps Troops
to ~oDte wdl WAIloo. west z.:nd. cross the l"i\Jt8e ~n;1!~, 4th Light Horse Brigade: 4th, 11th, 12th Regiments lI2nd County of London Yeomanry
hear the.hush.bn-ds sin~msJnthe~~eni:Pee. aftCJ..xdl. 5th Mounted Brigade: Illst WalWick, Illst Gloucester.
Attached: 10th Ilrishl Division Major-General J.R. Longley
canter ~"hthelatd.ell tl'a.~. NlilJn.eut tJ.e IIlst Worcester Yeomanry Regiments
29th Brigade: 6/Royallrish Rifles, 51Connaught
But W'e;nh~ve other.- hot"l!Ies. Our cb:iU!~ers Yeomanry Mounted Division Major General G. de S. Rangers, IILeinster Regiment, 61Leinster Regiment
Barrow
4th Mounted Brigade: IIlst Bucks. Illst Berks, 11 1st Dorset 30th Brigade: lIRoyal Irish Regiment, 61Royal Munster
Fusiliers, 61Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 71Royal Dublin
. thefb.elrtniJlhtwe·U~ about old. SinN.; Yeomanry Regiments
Fusiliers
WeU ft~ht our battles O'a'. ~ain;and M the ~8 8th Mounted Brigade: Illst City of London
County of London IMiddlesex) Yeomanry. 5/Royallnnisltilling Fusiliers, 61Royal
'I'herdl:be oIdmi!\.tes to ~et us. Thtbwih~.Ir1s of London Yeomanry mmsKllllng Fusiliers, 21Royal Irish Fusiliers, SIRoyal
Stili our thou~ts w.I1l often wander tothe 221\d Mounll'd Brigade: Illst Lines. Yeomanry. II1s1 Staffs
left hehtuu. Yeomanry, Iitst East Riding Yeomanry
2151 Corps
Corps Troops Lieutenant·General E.S. Bulfin
Nos. 2, 3, 11 and 12 Division Major-General J Hill
Nos. '1 and 7 Light Car lI4th Royal Scots Fusiliers, lIsth Royal
Attached Scots !14th King's Own Scoltish Borderers,
7th Mounted Brigade: l11s1 Sherwood Foresters, 1I1st lfsth KO.S.B.
South Nottinghamshire Hussars 156th Brigade: 114th Royal Scots, 117th Royal Scots,
Imperial Camel Corps Brigade: 2nd Imperial Battalion. :lrd 117th Scottish Rifles. 118th Scottish Rifles
ANZAC Battalion, 4th ANZAC Battalion 157th Brigade: 1I5th Highland Light 1I6th
Highland Light Infantry, 1I7th Highland Infantry,
20th Corps IISlh Arl!VII and Sutherland Highlanders
Lieutenant·General Sir Philip W. Chetwode 54th Anglian) Division Major·General S. W. Hare
53rd IWelshl Division Major·General S.F. Mott !14th, IISth, 117th Essex Regiments.
!15th, 116th, 117th Royal Welch Fusiliers, IISth Bedfordshire Regiment, 1I4th
tHhink h11ettep shoot hirn i!\.nrt tell ~little lie:•• Herfordshire Regiment Northamptonshire Regiment, IIIOth London
Regiment, 1111 th London Regiment
e floundered in I'.\. womhat .hole 1'.\.1ul then 1W dOW'll to die:' 159th Brigade: !14th. 117th Cheshire Regiments, li4th. 163rd Brigade: 1I4th Norfolk Regiment, 1I5th Norfolk
I'll ~et cDul't-ml.'l.l'tililled; hut I'm dL\lllJled If I'm Jnellned lIsth Welch Regiments 1ISth Suffolk Regiment, 1I8th Hampshire
160th Brigade: 114th Royal Sussex ~egiment, Zl4th Royal
~ 80 ha.ck tu A'UstrAlil.l.. and 1emle D!Y hOI'3e htiliind. West Surrey Regiment, 2I4th Royal West Kenl Regiment, 75 h D· .. M· Ge I PCP I·
. . t lVl$lon aJor- nera ,. am
~~~.~ ~~.II 2110th Middlesex Regiment
60th ILondon) Division Major-General J.S.M. Shea
232nd Brigade: 1/5th Devonshire Regiment, 2/5th
Hampshire Regiment, 2I4th Somerset Light Infantry,
179th Brigade: 2113th, 2/14th. Zl15th. 21161h London 213rd Gurkhas
Regiments 233rd Brigade: lISth Somerset Light Inl
180th Brigade: 2117th. 21l8th. 2119th, Z/20th London Wiltshire Regiment. 214th Hampshire
Regiments 313rd Gurkhas
181st Brigade: 212151, 2122nd, 2123rd. 2124th London 234th Brigade: 114th Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry,
Regiments 214th Dorset Regiment, 123rd Outram's Rifles,
74th (Yeomanry) Division Major-General E.s. Girdwood 58th Vaughan's Rifles iField Force)
-----------------------------------------------------

142 143
 APPENDIX FIVE:

';~;f ~btniug5ta.b .~~~:~

Seven Times Punishment Equals 2,520 Years

_::,"';:;:;: =:=J~,,~,,=~:==~,.:~;j"~~~;.M'''n,'y, ~\=~.O~E 1'.:s~ :L~~~~

- " " ,;.~-. , .~~
How long is a TIME?
N.m:mR ll',.. ...
How long is a PROPHETIC TIME?
END OF THE WAR Genesis 8:22 records GOD'S unconditional, unalterable
GERMANY SIGNS OUR TERMS & FIGHTING PROMISE of the perpetual ROUND of the seasons.
STOPPED AT 11 O'CLOCK TO-DAY. This round is completed every year, so each year is oneTIME
ALLmS ~-mUMPmTJFULLARMISTICE TERMs of the fulfillment of this promise [c,f Daniel 4:23,25,32]. It can be
demonstrated from Genesis 7 and 8 that the year then comprised
FOCH AND LLOYD GEORGE TELL NEWS EVACUATION TO THE RHINE AND
THAT SENT THE WORLD REJOICING. I BRIDGEHEADS FOR ALLIES. twelve months of thirty days each (360 days). NB. 360 is the mean
number of days between the lunar year 1354 days) and the solar
BRI'I1SB BAa AT MONS! Ill-BOATS TO SlIBRENDER. year 1365.25 days).
e fullowlaa hi"";;; .n_ _nl, which mana that I<;UNS HANDED OVER AND BATI'LE
w - ' d _ h......... to .n e'" at I........ i....... I SHIPS DISARMED
b, 1\11:. Llord Geor1c to the ...Iion 01 10.20 lhi. • In ancient biblical times, a year was figured on a basis of twelve
_ai..,-
M11IUltMl~T1CEWASSIGHEDAT5L111. THIS REPATRIATING PRISONEIS 30-day months. In Moses' day when God gave His people the
MORNI'IG, Am> HOmuTlE! ARE TO CEA.SE •
OM ALL FRONTS AT 11 • .a. T()..DAY,fI n"''''MfJ.. ('ftlw'lmNt4'.'.,.ptdl'1 lh• OI',...ur''.'upnl't'lri'i.".. ....,..1'ttII'- sacred calendar, the 30-day month was used. The month is 30 days
n. follow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0ItI t~ llaroetfh. lhe wi,,-_
MlltioM of ttMt PI"tIIeIt Oo~ j'rhc!
t"
tl... H..I.I.'" ut (\wlIllf!J'\llllhi. ,.ft..rn,>rltl Mr. U"td 0,.,,..
wrl~
4rrtU",k_ h'nutI lft(Illid. rl'IV"!UlWtl QI i\liv• • ....... while the year is 360 days or a cycle of time on the ancient Hebrew
-' MartDal Foret. to Oom~ia.c.w.f.. FfJ,llt:if', AlMt~... lhU'''IilP".,l.II'Ij.,.t.l\ltJI. w II" f'_.........s "ittNa U . .
"~..;nnue 011" .w.,frorat u fl'Hl It..rl!:J~,,~~~~:':; :=::i!hin It .. t........ Calendar.
Hor.._ U~ 11.'..... (F""" It-.e). ... ':' .. r~"n;r:,,! "-,/If, 'T'l,," r'N"'{",,''''''' ",y !I....~f!1 ..f. ~~n!t.. ~ ....."'"
II n.
Allied troopt wiJ1 .. ot. _til. 11Ittb.r ...... eo 1II'in i:,'''' PlOt' 111'1., .,.. ."~n.
(ON......

botyoed the Ii"" reached "" that data .... at WI~. n.. - - . . ....... _ of _ ...... - .. ~ The prophetic scale 'each day for a year' given in Numbers 14:34
(Si""ecI) MARSHAL FOCH. - - \I ""'~ .
The lU'miltt_ ~j.liOl" opened ~D Friday n'lorniq. l!iI'Mq thrt 1_......... ~11. . . . . . . . . ~ of AIW'''' UIIrItM ..... and Ezekiel 4:6 provides the first scripture clue to the prophetic
t.
~~.~
,
...re ,tvenuntilll ..,.. to-d"YlO
ernv.
Of' .~pt ~ t'" AlJ~(lIoIUI}hlM! DYl'N~;A. Mljlf'~'w1wt~li>"""ld~un. C'.;..
••
I'~~' .l;irndNlftltllt nf tn. Il'>'llu>Ao \>1&1I1"'II'I4.JUt 1'I,,'"·I..IIut'M. TIME.
11k ..jIIlna u( tbe tcmMI ()( CO\I,.e nlCaN tbtl ttnd uC ttl" "'.... U 1M 1n.,. .dlM.e ~ ..""'''tlb11 or .n hMl.ildiv. Ii ...., Ul'-llIllh, qy", 10 AU," ...
..rei""" ue _..wh th.t it ",ill .. i~bJe ror OIlI"l'MO)" ~ Ull.itf'/! eul.... fd &l1.I~hu.rinft
~w the "I"VJW~,. Th, "Uj'fiMldft
0000
by Lhtt {ll"tlDlln
runa,. oi ... lu,,1a %l.(lO
(JoY... 'n~ ..... r tl~. rnllMl'ilil flrClVi,......~-
",n M lll'.vy !lind :If>t1O tlV1d "IU, 1O,1Ot Then in the twelfth chapter of Revelation, there is a certain
AT THl!PALACE. I PF.ACE IN BRIEF. ,_;;M.......ruI.I"...._ . oI;:"~h.""~,....'..
....
T. ...,IC ov~~u::: TN« kINO'BRlnSH Uc»TUUD MOM.Eo ~ t:N,~~r::::::: :~d~.:!"~..d~te AR:"~
~~ .. period referred to in verses 6 and 14. In verse 6, it is stated as
=
\\'~..:-" ..1¥.... ..". _.--,' POIlI tHE flGHrlHG S,TOPt£Df
..'I"'!:..;;:;A;_ ••....,
::...~.:;..~
; V _ .. llo._:"r..... O!.. . . . ~$ .... loooiIhQ

'·.:!:t!-.!'j..=I=t:.;::.M~.';' ........... BREST..LITOVSK TREATY ABANDONEI).

::'S~·'E:t:~':::::''1-::l =,.~::r.~"_o.. ., o.........-, .........~ J~flJtt«,"""I""""_""rt.'"
,W'!'upy !ll"hfOm!td ID~ tli<l'nI Io...r?"" III" tfIonM~.tilwo maitrIdn.
'A thousand two hundred and three score days'. This same period
is called in Verse 14, 'A TIME and TIMES, and half a TIME:
:-:\;.. ="C'1..":'tu:...h::.t:J-;i·=::'Q~"'="..:-..::--- '"- :ar~C:-'::.;.~! :~~':~tkOCI .. Ia.-.w ~kM" See also Daniel 7:25 and 12:7. This may be expressed as:
~:..I=.~~!;.:I:,.~=_::-.n:;~(:.,- r.nno" - ..........1
. '0_,... ""..:: <if~""-~""i"::l
~,~"~~~..!""--;:: :::'It":.~II=~ ~h1~"~'::'~~I~ II,. ~'S!tz?JL t-.:.J:,-__
~~-= ...,.)
r-lr========
~:~~....,~t:'~u.:::::~i~ <IM"'l'''''''''''',,"~l, ~,I,,:~~~~:..-=~:,=I AFTER THE
~; BACK ~ THE RHIN& :~':';':I;-.~•.;~j:":::;:=:; WAR I A Time = 360 days
('IN,,ru._o.tiH'~I.t.,.,,IQ.'''''''''' ........., . . . ~......
..,.("
li:.:;.!:.!:~~;:..~~::.~~='::;~of ..:.:~1Ii~:,:~:......: ~~:; ~7~:""= -=:'''~~.,_
",. . . ..., .................
Times = 360 days
::f~!S1=t:L:.!;~ (ij~::riI ,::..~I~.;... :.:-:.'!:1~~:t:.~~ S:!'::-7~
.
~::;;:'P.: :~?i~~;..:~.:h!:..:(~ ~
'(l~'::(;·IO.::,t:":::.n;.":\.J·:n~ to;..........
......" .. ~..~ •. 1lI'1M,;..,.t~. . : : : : ; - ..
i~=~::!:-~~ =-:
....
=.- 1..•
~
......
!:
~.::~=~==: ...
1 ...... ,.,. ..... ":t:H_ . . . . . p<R;IIr
n.,.
:.s:wj;.-...............
-....~..:t.;:..-
--:-....::....~:.- . . . . .
..
360
Half a Time = 180
days
days
.~".tv:.:.~~~4' .......;".'''tlwA.... : A-t.a I: =.':~~-:,-;:-:~ :-,:-:;::'~~..::;:
1,260 days
= . : r..
.. ...,. .... '....................

"""............
•. , 41t... ..,. ................ 1"- • • ,...-.4. .,......~~_ ............
...:.;:.::~:=:.~ ~~~~~NI_~tteltJ.:-:.~71.~.:~'
.,..~... .... ....,.'...... ..,.,.
--- a.A'UHO "It 1BI FI......".
~.............
81D
....... tltot ~ ...,..._1 ... M.. ..........
:r::;~I::-:.~e;~~:-.~.~~! TItE
etA_
aua or CD_ wnrtaI,... . . . . . iI .
.-
... Therefore we find that 1260 days is equivalent to 31f2 times, and
-:I~·.-:-::..:C~lt...-r:
'-' ' '.1''".......'
' ' 1 ..........
....... '".'-. __ .~ a....r.. ........ .., ....... . ......e&iOf)
that 'SEVEN TIMES' would be 2520 days or twice 1260.
_ .... ,... u . . l , _ . t...01111

~r::F.~~.;-:. .~~7~~
....... •• '*- .... ~
;;;.~-;'~: 5:3:: ~ ~ ~__~ ~ ~e.e.=:
lIat

.....
.. ...

- lEach day for a year Numbers 14:34, Ezekiel 4:6 = 1,260 years)

144 145
 In Leviticus Chapter 26, the penalty laid down by God for Israel's
National Apostasy is 'SEVEN TIMES' (7 x 360 = 2,520). One
APPENDIX SIX: The Reformation of Israel in the West
TIME equals one TIME circle - 360 degrees to a circle. Seven
TIMES equals 360 x 7 or 2,520. A year of 360 days is known as Listed below are some of the names that tribes of Israel adopted
the 'Prophetic year' as distinct from the Lunar and Solar years. or were known by as they trekked westward into Europe and
Great Britain forming new nations as they went:
Is it purely co-incidence or can significance be attached to the
fact that there are just SEVEN references in the Bible which are Bit Khumri, Beth Omri, Bit Humria, Gimiri, Cimmerians,
explanatory of the 'Seven Times Punishment'? Gimira, Saac, Sak, Saka, Sakasuna, Sakka, Sakai, Sacae, Saca,
Sakae, Sach-sen, Beth Sahak, Beth-Sak, Beth-Saac, Saxon (the
Times, Times and dividing of time (3V2) . ......... Dan 7:25 root name Sak, Sac is found in some names applied to the
Times, Times and a half (3 1/2) .................. Dan 12:7 tribes of Israel. Genesis 21:12 ... for in Isaac shall thy seed
Time, Times and half a time (3V2) .............. Rev 12:14 be called. Amos 7:16 ... Israel is also called the House of
Forty and two months (1260 days) ............... Rev 11:2 Isaac or Beth-Saac.), Iskuza, Scythian, Mesagetae, Trojans,
Forty and two months ......................... Rev 13:5 Greeks, Romans, Corinthians, Galations, Ephesians,
A thousand, two hundred and threescore days .... Rev 11:3 Thessalonians, Celts, Gaels, Gauls, Picts, Jutes, Scots,
A thousand, two hundred and threescore days .... Rev 12:6 Milesians, Tuatha de Danaan, Tu-de-Danaan, Tuatha De,
In his book 'Number in Scripture', the Anglican clergyman E.W. Vikings, Angles, Normans.'
Bullinger D.D. states that seven is the Hebrew number of spiritual 'Moreover, I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and I
perfection. will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own, and
SOME HISlORIC PUNISHMENT PERIODS move no more, neither shall the children of wickedness afflict them
any more, as before time.' - II Samuel 7:10.
BC 745 2520 years 1776 AD 'For 10, I will command, and I will sift the house ofIsrael among
all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least
The first tribe of Israel American Independence
grain fall upon the earth.' - Amos 9:9.
(Manasseh) deported by The Pilgrim Fathers called
Assyria themselves the seed of 'These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them saying,
Abraham, the children of Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the
Jacob and the tribe of Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the
Manasseh. House of Israel.' - Matthew 10:5,6.
'I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the House of Israel. '
BC 721 2520 years 1800 AD - Matthew 15:24.
Final destruction of the Restoration of Israel- 'Therefore let all the House ofIsrael know assuredly that God
remnants of the House of Britain to material power. hath made this same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord
Israel. and Christ.' - Acts 2:36.
BC 604 2520 years 1917 AD James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to
the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting ... ' _
Jerusalem captured. Jerusalem delivered by James 1:1.
Israel-Britain.

146 147
iiiiiiii_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ..... God hath not cast away His
iiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!~~~~~~~~~~~~~sraelite

Romans 11: 1,2.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!::::e?knew.' -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _111(1] not return to Palestine, only two tribes

=______________________________________________________________________________________________;;;a'fte r Palestine became a Roman province
t two tribes in Asia and Europe subject
_____________________________________________Thile the Ten Tribes are beyond the
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -...- ....- - - - - - - - - - - , and are an immense multitude.' -
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _--->Tews', Flavius Josephus.
tribes which were carried away prisoners
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _d in the time of Osea (Hoshea) the king,
(Shalmaneser), the king of Assyria, led
=================================================================================================lle carried them over the waters, and so
==============================================================================================,ther land. But they took this counsel
that they would leave the multitude of
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ into a further country ... that they ~orth

===================================~~~==================~~ir statutes, which they never kept in their

======~~=====================================-=-========~======~~ _____________-enteredintotheEuphratesbythenarrow
... for through that country there was
. and the same region is called Arsareth
5.
tribes to be in various parts of West
==~--------------------------- . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 s e s Maimonides, 1131 AD.
t of place to state that the Isles afar off
1st chapter of Jeremiah were supposed
=============================================================================================:
==================================================================----------------,le old Cornish was a dialect of Hebrew
Brittania, Scotia and Hibernia (Ireland)
========iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii__iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiio;;;;;;;==========-iiiiiiii______________________;;;;;;;amd Breton.' - Dr. Moses Margoliou th,

_...3iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii===========3di
_____________________________________________ ering cal references
of Israel inrelate to the
the Isles prophecies
of the West or
(Britain and northwest Europe). These
================================================================:==:==:==:==:==:==:==:==:==:==:==~w examples: NUM 23:9, DEUT 33:28, 2
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41:1, 42:12,49:1-3, 12,51:5,54:5-7,59:18,
,23:8,31:10-12, DAN 2:34,9:7, HOS 1 and

=::::::::======================::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::===tI••••••••••••_ this vast topic, the following books are

149
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~''''-~~"-nr~_.~ _ _._ _._•.•_.•• _•.._.....
c~
~~NU
0(
'r
,

~5!! II: 'For I also am an Israelite . .... God hath not cast away His
~i~
,,:z:w
"::Ell: people which he foreknew.' - Romans 11:1,2.
;1£
Z~O 'The ten tribes did not return to Palestine, only two tribes
:~o
!z OJ
~c-
served the Romans after Palestine became a Roman province
~! ! - - - there are but two tribes in Asia and Europe subject
~p
~ ... t to the Romans, while the Ten Tribes are beyond the
E:
"Z
Euphrates till now, and are an immense multitude.' -
~

g~
.
J 'Antiquities of the Jews', Flavius Josephus.

I
'Those are the ten tribes which were carried away prisoners
out of their own land in the time of Osea (Hoshea) the king,
whom Salmanasar (Shalmaneser), the king of Assyria, led
away captive, and he carried them over the waters, and so
came they into another land. But they took this counsel
among themselves that they would leave the multitude of
the heathen and go forth into a further country ... that they
might there keep their statutes, which they never kept in their
own land, and they entered into the Euphrates by the narrow
passages of the river . . . for through that country there was
a great way to go ... and the same region is called Arsareth
- 2 Esdras 13:40,45.
'I believe the ten tribes to be in various parts of West
Europe' Rabbi Moses Maimonides, 1131 AD.
'It may not be out of place to state that the Isles afar off
mentioned in the 31st chapter of Jeremiah were supposed
by the ancients to be Brittania, Scotia and Hibernia (Ireland)
ell . . . I believe that the old Cornish was a dialect of Hebrew
~ as is Gaelic, Welsh and Breton.' Dr. Moses Margoliouth,
~~Z
!::: .... 1-4
Jewish scholar.
.. ~~

~~
The following Biblical references relate to the prophecies
j:I:I concerning the re-gathering of Israel in the Isles of the West or
~ p.:; Q the Isles of the Sea (Britain and northwest Europe). These
~ CIl ~
~ 1-4 < references are but a few examples: NUM 23:9, DEUT 33:28, 2
SAM 7:1-16, ISA 24:15,41:1,42:12,49:1-3, 12,51:5,54:5-7,59:18,
~ 60:9, JER 3:11)2,3:18,23:8,31:10-12, DAN 2:34,9:7, HOS 1 and
2, REV 12:6,14.
For further study of this vast topic, the following books are

148 149
 :r

recommended: These books represent a small selection of the literature

available.They are written by expert authors and quote many first
Missing Links Discovered in Assyrian Tablets - E. Raymond class professional authorities. From these sources it will be seen
Capt MA, AlA, FSA Scot. that Western Europe and the British Isles were colonised at a very
The Scottish Declaration of Independence E. Raymond early period by ShemiticlHebrew peoples, and later, Israelites of
Capt. the tribe of Dan (Tuatha de Danaan) and part of the tribe of Judah
Jacob's Pillar - E. Raymond Capt. (Milesians). At an even later date the arrival took place of the mass
The Traditions of Glastonbury E. Raymond Capt. of the tribes of Israel Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Jutes, Vikings,
Stonehenge and Druidism - E. Raymond Capt. Normans, etc.
Abrahamic Covenant - E. Raymond Capt.
The Lost TEN Tribes of Israel - F.W.C. Neser MSc. The books listed will also show that:
Palestine The Vortex of World Events - Rev. Cecil R. Taylor. (a) The Gaelic, Cornish, Welsh and Breton tongues are all Hebrew
Israel-Britain Adam Rutherford FRGS, AM, Inst. T. in origin and that much of the English language is rooted in
Tracing Our Ancestors Frederick Haberman. Hebrew.
The Exodus, Pentecost and the Church
Green.
Eileen Margaret J (b) The people of the British Isles - England, Scotland, Wales
and most of Ireland - are all of one common blood stock. They
The Law and Salvation - E. Margaret Green.
The Reformation of Israel W.M. Norman Saxon.
Our Descent from Israel - Hew B. Colquhoun.
J
.~~
are all related peoples. The uniformity of head shape (long headed)
is just one evidence of this physical truth. The study of the
The Phoenician Origin of Britons, Scots and Anglo Saxons - craniology of the British Isles shows the head form is practically
L.A. Waddell LLD, DB, ClE. uniform from end to end.
Man Thinking - M.T. Judge. Ic) The great mass of the ten tribed northern kingdom of Israel,
The Incredible Nordic Origins - S. Gusten Olson. and a major portion of the kingdom of Judah, never returned to
The Key - Professor J.P. Cohane. their former homeland in Palestine after being removed in a series
The Drama of the Lost Disciples - G.F. Jowett. of invasions by the Assyrians. Only small isolated groups of
Hebrew and English - J. Courtney James, MA, BD, PhD. individuals who had escaped the deportations remained in their
Today, Tomorrow and the Great Beyond - John S. Fox. tribal territories - the 'gleaning grapes' that Isaiah had said would
Symbols of Our Celto-Saxon Heritage - W.H. Bennett. be left behind (Isa 17:6]. The tribes of the northern kingdom plus
Bible Research Handbook Volumes 1 and 2 Covenant a major portion of Judah, taking advantage of the conflict between
Publishing Co. Ltd. Assyria and Babylon, left the areas the Assyrians had placed them
Britain, the Jews and Palestine - Thomas N. Foster. in and began their long trek westwards into Europe (see map).
The Royal House of Britain, An Enduring Dynasty - Rev.
(d) Only a remnant of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin (plus a
W.M.H. Milner, MA.
few of the northern kingdom of Israel who had lived with the
DAN, The Pioneer ofIsrael - Colonel J .C. Grawler (Keeper
southern kingdom of Judah since the division of the kingdom of
of the Crown Jewels).
Israel in the days of Rehoboam) returned to Jerusalem and their
Gods Covenant Man - Similarities between Hebrew and
former territories from the captivity in Babylon. It is interesting
English - Professor Edward OdIum, MA, BSc, FRC.
to note that in the post-exilic books of Ezra and Nehemiah and
Welsh Grammar - Dr. Davies.
in the 27 books of the New Testament, there is only one solitary
Racial Elements and European History - Professor Gunther.
reference to any individual member of the ten tribes viz Anna

151
150
le prophetess (Luke 2:36). crowned on, is none other than Jacob's stone that he rested his
~) The present monarch of Great Britain, Queen Elizabeth II, is
head upon when he dreamed of the heavenly ladder. 'Jacob
escended over many generations from the Royal House of David. annointed the stone that he had set for a pillar and called it God's
House' (Beth-El).
) The identity marks and prophecies relating to Israel in the 'latter
ays' are only seen to be fulfilled in the Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian,
;eltic and related peoples.
:) Britain received the 'Christian Message' only a few years after
le resurrection and ascension of Jesus Christ.
1) Joseph of Arimathea, the uncle of Mary and the great-uncle
f Jesus Christ is buried at Glastonbury in England. He had owned
n mines in Cornwall and there is much evidence to suggest that
~susChrist travelled as a youth with his great-uncle Joseph of
.rmathea to southwest England. ;;'
~

t
',i
}
~
,~
J!

til The coronation ceremony of the present monarch is very

similar to the coronation ceremonies recorded in the books of
Kings and I Samuel. The present coronation ceremony is full of
Israelitish symbolism.
(k) Stones and stone tablets with Hebrew inscriptions have been
found in Great Britain, especially in Ireland.
The apostle s wrote letters to the, young assemblies of the
congregation of Israel, that is, the Romans, Corinthians, Galatians,
Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians and Hebrews.

r--------------------------------------------------------------T
I To many, no doubt, all these facts will be unknown or appear!

I
I contentious. However, notice should be taken of the Hebrew!
II writer Esdras, when he said, "The more thou searchest, the II
The 'Stone of Destiny', the 'Stone of Scone', 'Lia Fail', that Irish, I1______________________________________________________________
more thou shalt marvel . .. " ,I
~ottish and English monarchs and the present monarch have been

152
l 153
 APPENDIX SEVEN: Visions and Angels

One of the most fascinating aspects of General Allenby's

extraordinary campaign in Palestine was the insistence by many
men (Officers and other ranks) that they had seen visions and
angelic beings at various times.
The first official mention of this phenomenon occurred in late
December 1916. The ANZAC Mounted Division and the Imperial
Camel Brigade had fought an action at Wadi El Arish, near
Magdhaba. After the successful battle, the return of the British
troops from Magdhaba was marked with a mysterious series of
night manifestations. From the ANZAC commander (Chauvel)
down through the officers and troopers, visions of ancient
buildings, strange animals (for the region of Palestine), lighted
villages and angelic beings were witnessed en masse. During
debriefing, the stories of hundreds of men were corroborated
through cross-checking examinations. As there was no logical
explanation, officially the incident was recorded as 'lack of sleep' ,
with a reference being made to the mysterious Angels of Mons' I

in 1914 when thousands had seen angelic beings.

Reports of angelic beings appearing during fighting occurred right
up to the cessation of hostilities in Palestine in 1918., They are
too numerous to detail, however it is interesting to note that once
again men of all ranks swore that they saw them. Statements were
also taken from captured Turkish and German officers who had
witnessed the same manifestations. General Allenby called for
detailed reports and interviewed some witnesses himself.
However, the official army view was 'hallucinations caused by
LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR HENRY G. CHAUVEL extreme weariness'.
ONE OF THOSE WHO SAW VISIONS AT MAGDHABA Two other angelic manifestations that are well documented
occurred in World War I.The first of these, as mentioned, was
at the Battle of Mons (Belgium) in 1914. The British Expeditionary
Force (The Old ContemptiblesjI had valiantly resisted huge,
overwhelming German attacks and were fighting desperate
rearguard actions around the town of Mons. A National Day of
1 Kaiser Wilhelm II called the B.B.F. 'insignificant' or contemptible'. In contrast, Sir Basil

LiddeII-Hart (famous war historian) said of the B.E.F. - 'the most highly trained striking force
of any country - a rapier among scythes'.

154 155
'rayer was called for in Britain by King George V. Soon after the action at Bethune. These accounts all agreed when they were
)ccurred the appearance of the Angels of Mons which slowed the cross-checked after being recorded by Captain Cecil Wightwick
:J.erman advance. Thousands of British and German soldiers saw Hayward, Intelligence Staff Officer, British Army Headquarters.
hem and many accounts have been written, among them being The Germans had seen on the rise beyond Bethune what they
The White Comrade' by Phyllis Campbell who nursed the initially thought was a brigade of cavalry advancing toward them.
vounded at Mons; 'On the Side of the Angels' by Harold Begbie The Germans thought it strange that this cavalry was dressed in
Ind the reports of Captain Cecil Wightwick Hayward, Staff Officer white and mounted on white horses. Artillery and, later, machine-
n the 1st Corps Intelligence British Army Headquarters. gun fire was brought to bear, but the white cavalry came on in
perfect formation, with not a rider nor horse falling. The Germans
'-..- )\1-- saw then that these beings astride their white horses were dressed
,-'--:-):' - ~ , not in uniforms but in white robes. At their head was a fine figure
\. " ~'--
" ,~I~"'-.
of a man whose hair, like spun gold, shone in an aura around his
/\~~~;f' head. At his side was a great sword. The Germans said a great
".~/I' fear then fell upon their soldiers and they turned and fled from
the white cavalry. A few days previously, King George V had once
again called the nation to prayer.
For a more detailed account of these unusual manifestations and
also many others during the Second World War, one should read
the book 'We Have a Guardian' by W.B. Grant, and 'This England
Winter 1982'. The book 'We Have a Guardian' contains quotes
This author's grandfather - Regimental Sergeant Major Adams, by Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding, Commander in Chief
\oyal Garrison Artillery - swore that he saw at Mons beings that Royal Air Force Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain,
le could only describe as angels - white robed and bareheaded. and Andrew Cunningham, Royal Navy-Admiral of the Fleet.
-Ie was not a particularly religious man, nor prone to exaggeration.
'If thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the Lord thy God,
Later during World War I in the Spring of 1918, the Germans to observe and to do all His Commandments . . . The Lord shall cause
)roke through the Allied line. Heavy casualties were sustained thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face:
md resources exhausted. The American forces that had just arrived they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven
\Tere not available for frontline duty at that time. British troops ways . .. And the Lord shall make thee the head, and not the tail,
\Tere once again fighting desperate rearguard actions. At one of and thou shalt be above only, and thou shalt not be beneath'.
hese actions in the La Bassee trenches near the town of Bethune, Deuteronomy, Leviticus.
he manifestation of the 'White Cavalry' took place. At Bethune,
b.e Germans had concentratedartilIery fire and machine-gun fire
,reparatory to an infantry attack, when suddenly this fire lifted
nd concentrated on a rise beyond the town. The ground there
ras absolutely bare and after some minutes the German fire
topped. German infantry, which had been moving forward, halted
nd then fled. Later, German soldiers who had surrendered,
lcluding high ranking officers, gave extraordinary accounts of

156 157