HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION (2023 -2024)

CLASS – XII
SUBJECT – PHYSICS

TIME – 3 HOURS MM - 70

General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All
the sections are compulsory.
(3) Section A contains sixteen questions, 12 MCQ and four Assertion and reason of 1 mark each,
Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three
marks each, Section D contain two case study-based questions of 4 marks each and Section E
contains three long questions of five marks each.
(4) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section B, C, D and E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A

1. When distance between two charges is reduced to one-half of the original distance, the force
between them will remain the same if one of the charges is made:
(a) one forth (b) four times (c) doubles (d) one half times

2. A charge Q is placed at the center of the line joining two-point charges +q and +q as shown in
the figure. The ratio of charges Q and q is

+q Q +q

x x
(a) 4 (b) ¼ (c) -4 (d) -1/4

3. Two capacitor of capacitance 6 μF and 4 μF are put in series across a 120 V battery. What is the
potential difference across 4 μF capacitor?

(a) 72 V (b) 60V (c) 48 V (d) zero

4. Which of the following is not true for an equipotential surface?

(a) The potential difference between any two points on the surface is zero
(b) The electric field is always perpendicular to the surface
(c) No work is done in moving the charge along the surface
(d) Equipotential surfaces are always spherical

5. Two wires A and B of the same material having length in the ratio of 1:2 and diameter in the
ratio of 2:3 is connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential difference (V A / VB)
across the two wires respectively is:
(a) 9/8 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 1/3
6. If the potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V with its temperature
kept constant, the drift velocity of the free electrons in the conductor will
(a) remain the same
(b) become half of its previous value
(c) be double of its initial value
(d) becomes zero

7. At the centre of which of the following four circular rings the magnetic field is the strongest for
equal magnitude of current?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a)figure A (b) figure B (c) figure C (d) figure D

8. What is the net force on the rectangular coil?

10 cm

2A 1A
1A 15 cm
2cm

(a) 25 X 10−7 N towards wire. (b) 25 × 10−7 N away from wire.

(c) 35 × 10−7 N towards wire. (d) 35 × 10−7 N away from wire

9. If a diamagnetic material is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field inside the material
compared to that outside will be
(a) slightly less (b) slightly more (c) very high (d) same

10. Which one of the following figures correctly depicts the Lenz’s law? The arrow show the
movement of the labelled pole of a bar magnet into a closed circular loop and the arrows on the
circle show the direction of the induced current.
(a) (b) (c) (d)

N
N S S

11. The Peak Value of the AC source is equal to

(a) The peak voltage of ac source is equal to
(b) the rms value of voltage supplied to the circuit
(c) √ 2 times the rms value of the ac source
(d) 1/√ 2 times the rms value of the ac source

12. Which of the following represents forward bias diode?

(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) d

13. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
ASSERTION: A wire carrying an electric current has no electric field around it.
REASON: Rate of flow of electrons in one direction is equal to the rate of flow of protons in opposite
direction.
14. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
ASSERTION: Above Curie temperature, a ferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic
REASON: When a magnetic material is heated to a very high temperature, it loses its magnetic
properties.
15. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
ASSERTION: At resonance, LCR series circuit has a minimum current.
REASON: At Resonance, in LCR series circuit, the current and emf are not in phase with each other.
16. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select
the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false and R is also false
ASSERTION: A proton and an electron with same momenta, enters a magnetic field in a direction at
right angles to the lines of force. The radius of the paths followed by them will be same.
REASON: Electrons has less mass than the proton.

SECTION B

17. A point charge +10 μC is a distance 5cm directly above the centre
of a square of side 10 cm as shown in the fig. what is the magnitude of
electric flux through the square?
18. Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1 μF. What will be their net
capacitance if connected in parallel? Find the ratio of energy stored in the two configurations if
they are both connected to the same source.

19. (i) At what temperature would the resistance of a copper conductor be double its resistance at
0° C.?
(ii) Does this temperature hold for all copper conductors regardless of shape and size?

20. Write the expression for force acting on a charge q moving with a velocity V in the region,
where magnetic induction B is uniform. How does the speed change, as the charge moves ? Under
what circumstances the force F shall be zero?

21. A resistor of 50 Ω , and an inductor of (20/π) H and a capacitor of (5/π)µF and connected in
series to a voltage source 230V , 50 Hz. Find the impedance of the circuit.
OR
State Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction. Express them mathematically.

SECTION C

22. (a) An infinitely long thin straight wire has a uniform linear charge density λ . Obtain the
expression for electric field E at a point lying at a distance r from wire, using Gauss law.
(b) Show graphically the variation of the electric field E as a function of distance r from the wire.

23. A capacitor is charged with a battery and then its plate separation is increased without
disconnecting the battery.
What will be the change in
(a) Charge stored in the capacitor?
(b) Energy stored in the capacitor?
(c) Potential difference across the plates of the capacitor?
(d) Electric field between the plates of the capacitor?
24(a) An electric lamp having coil of negligible inductance connecting in series with a capacitor
and an ac source is glowing with certain brightness. How does the brightness of the lamp
change on reducing the (i) capacitance and (ii) the frequency?
(b) An ac voltage given by V= 70 sin100 πt is connected across a pure resistor of 25 Ω. Find
the frequency of source and rms current through resistor.
OR
An inductor L= 100 mH, capacitor C = 2 μF and resistor R = 400 Ω connected in series with ac
voltage given by V= V0 sin (1000 t + θ ) . Determine the value of phase difference between current
and voltage.

25. . (a)Briefly explain how a galvanometer is converted into an ammeter and into a voltmeter.
(b) Write any two sources of energy loss in transformer.
OR
Explain the principle and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Write the importance of a
radial magnetic field.

26. What is meant by drift velocity of free electrons? Derive Ohm’s law on the basis of the theory
of electron drift.
27. Explain the formation of potential barrier and depletion region in a P-n junction diode. What is
the effect of applying forward bias on the width of depletion region?

28. In the fig below shows planner loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of a
magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of the loop away from the reader. Determine
the direction of induced current in each loop using Lenz law.

SECTION – D

29. Case study:

Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Consider a thin p-type silicon (p-si) semiconductor wafer. By adding precisely, a small quantity
of pentavalent impurity, part of the p-Si wafer can be converted into n-Si. There are several.
processes by which a semiconductor can be formed. The wafer now contains p- region and n –
region and a metallurgical junction between p-, and n- region. Two important processes occur.
during the formation of a p-n junction: diffusion and drift. We know that in an n-type
semiconductor, the concentration of electrons (number of electrons per unit volume) is more
compared to the concentration of holes. Similarly, in a p-type semiconductor, the concentration
of holes is more than the concentration of electrons. During the formation of p-n junction, and
due to the concentration gradient across p-, and n- sides, holes diffuse from p-side to n-side (p
→ n) and electrons diffuse from n-side to p-side (n → p). This motion of charge carries gives
rise to diffusion current across the junction.

(1) How can a p-type semiconductor be converted into n- type semiconductor?

(2) Draw V-I characteristics of p-n junction diode in forward bias and reverse bias
(3) What happens to the width of depletion layer of a p-n junction when it is
(i) forward biased (ii) reverse biased?
(4). What are the processes that occur during formation of a p-n junction?

30. Case study:

Aurora Borealis
 Fig 1 Fig 2

If we have a charge particle of mass M and charge Q, and it is entering a region of magnetic field
obliquely with an initial velocity V, then its velocity vector will be having a component V p parallel to
the magnetic field and component Vn normal to it. There is no force on a charge particle in the
direction of the field. Hence the particle continues to travel with a velocity V p parallel to the field.
The normal company and Vn of the particle results in a Lorentz force which is perpendicular to both
Vn and B. Thus the particle will perform circular motion. And when we combine the trajectories of
both the parallel and perpendicular component, we get a helical motion of the charge partial as
shown in 1st figure.

During a solar flare, a larger number of electrons and protons are ejected from the sun. Some of
them get trapped in the earth‘s magnetic field and move in helical paths along the field lines. The
field lines come closer to each other near the magnetic poles as seen in 2nd figure hence the density
of charges increases near the poles. These particles collide with atoms and molecules of the
atmosphere. Excited oxygen atom emit green light an excited nitrogen atom emit pink light. This
phenomenon is called aurora Borealis.

(i) Charge particle move in a circular path because:

a) There is Lorentz force acting towards the centre of the circular path
b) Vp is in the direction of magnetic field.
c) Particle is very small
d) None of the above

(ii) Charge particle is entering the magnetic field

a) Perpendicularly
b) Along the magnetic field
c) At an angle
d) Opposite to that of magnetic field.

(iii) Mainly In which regions of earth this splendid display of colours seen
a) Everywhere on Earth
b) On the equators
c) On the poles
d) None of the above
(iv) If the charge particle (q , m) entered the magnetic field at an angle of α with a velocity V then
it’s pitch is given as
a) 2πmVp/qB
b) πmVn/qB
c) 3πmVp/qB
d) 4πmVn/qB
OR

The trajectory of the path is

a) Circular
b) Parabolic
c) Straight
d) Helical
SECTION E

31. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Apply these rules to the loops PRSP and PRQP to write the expressions
for the currents I1 ,I2 and I3 in the given circuit

OR

(a) Calculate the potential difference and the energy stored in the capacitor C 2 in the circuit shown
in the figure. Given potential at A is 90 V , C1 = 20 μF , C2 = 30 μF and C3 = 15 μF

A
C1 C2 C3

(b) The figure shows a network of three capacitors C1 = 2 μF; C2 = 6 μF and C3 = 3 μF connected
across a battery of 10 V. If a charge of 6 μC is acquired by the capacitor C 3 calculate the charge
acquired by C1
C2

C1

C3

10V
32. (a) Using Gauss law, deduce expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin
spherical shell of radius R at point (i) outside and (ii) Inside the shell. Plot a graph showing
variation of electric field as a function of r > R and r< R.
(b) Draw equipotential surfaces for (a) positive point charge (b) two equal and opposite charges
separated by a small distance.
OR

(a) Consider two hollow concentric spheres S1 and S2 enclosing charges 2Q and 4Q respectively, as
shown in the figure, (i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them, (ii) How will the electric
flux through the spheres S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant 6 is introduced in the space
inside S1 in place of air? Deduce the necessary expression

4Q 2Q

S1
S2

(b) Two charges of magnitudes -2Q and +Q are located at point (a, 0) and (4a,0), respectively.
What is the electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of radius 3a with its centre at the
origin?

33. a) Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with
frequency of applied ac source.
b) Draw the phasor diagram for a series LRC circuit connected to an AC source.
c) When an alternating voltage of 220V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25A flows which
lags the applied voltage in phase by π/2 radian. If the same voltage is applied across another
device Y, the same current flows but now it is in phase with the applied voltage.
(i) Name the devices X and Y.
(ii) Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series
combination of X and Y.
OR
a) A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the
expression for the impedance of the circuit.
b) Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the ac source , explaining the
nature of its variation for two different resistances R1 and R2 (R1< R2) at resonance.