Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

GUJARAT PUBLIC SCHOOL

ATLADARA (CBSE )

Chemistry Investigatory project

Topic - PREPARATION OF ORGANIC DYE-

SURFACE ANALYSIS

BY: NAME
GRADE SECTION
RoLL NUMBER

AIM
To prepare poster paints and pigments using chemicals and
reagents.

Figure related to project.

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 1/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

INDEX

1.AIM

2.INTRODUCTION

3. THEORY

4. PROCEDURE

5. OBSERVATION TABLE

6. RESULT

7. CONCUSION

8. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 2/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

INTRODUCTION
o What is a Pigment?

A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light

as the result of wavelength-selective absorption. In other words, it’s a
substance that appears a certain color because it selectively absorbs certain
wavelength of light. The primary purpose to use pigments is to provide color
to materials, whether they are textiles or paints.
Some people often consider pigments and dyes to be the same but
they’re quite different. The major difference between both is in terms of
their solubility. While a dye can dissolve by itself in a liquid, pigments
can be dissolved in a liquid with the help of a binder. Dyes are primarily
applied in the textile and paper industry, pigments are used in
industries such as coloring paints, inks, cosmetics and plastics.

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 3/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

THEORY
o Types Of Pigments:
Based on the method of their formulation, pigments
can be categorized into two types: Inorganic Pigments
& Organic Pigments.

 Organic Pigments
This type of pigments occurs naturally, and they’ve been
used for centuries. They’re quite simple in their chemical
structure. They’re named organic as they contain minerals
and metals that give them their color. Organic pigment
manufacturers produce them through a simple process
that’s made of washing, drying, powdering and combining
into a formulation.

Compared to inorganic pigments, th usage of these

pigments is less frequent and that’s why there are limited
number of organic pigment suppliers. These pigments are
used when the required colors strength isn’t too much.

 Inorganic Pigments
As the name suggests, this types of pigments is exactly the
opposite type of organic pigments. These pigments are also
known as “synthetic pigments”. They’re formulized in labs
and offer great scope of control to inorganic pigments
manufacturer. Inorganic pigments are manufactured by
relatively simple chemical processes such as oxidation.

Inorganic pigment suppliers supply this type of pigments mainly to

paints, plastics, synthetic fibres and ink industry. In uses where bright
colors are required, organic pigments are used as they bolster high color
strength. Inorganic pigments include white opaque pigments which are
commonly used to lighten other colors and also to provide opacity.
Two other types of pigments are metallic pigments and industrial
pigments.
Metallic pigments as implied in the name, include metal pigments such
as Zinc and Aluminum pigments. While Industrial pigments are the
pigments that are widely used in the industrial applications and include

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 4/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

organic, inorganic and the metallic pigments.

 A Brief History Of Paints And Dyes
Early humans used paints for aesthetic purposes such as
body decorations. Pigments and paint grinding equipment
believed to be between 35000 ~ 400000 years old, have been
reported in the cave at Twin River near Lusaka, Zambia.

Ochre, Iron Oxide was the first color of paint.

The first known synthetic pigment was Egyptian Blue, which

was first attested on a alabaster bowl in Egypt dated to Naqada III,
Egyptian Blue (Blue Frit), Calcium Copper Silicate CaCuSi4O10, made by
heating a mixture of quartz sand, lime, a flux and a Copper source, such
as Malachite.

The discovery in 1856 of mauveine, the first aniline dye, was a

forerunner for the development of hundreds of synthetic dyes and
pigments like Azo and Diazo compounds. These dyes ushered in
the flourishing of organic chemistry, including systematic designs
of colorants. The development of organic chemistry diminished
dependence on inorganic pigments.

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 5/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

PROCEDURE
I. CHROME YELLOW

Chrome yellow is a natural yellow pigment made of Lead

Chromate (PbCrO4). It was first extracted from the mineral
Crocoite by the French Chemist Louis Vauquelin in 1809.
Because the pigment tends to oxidize and darken on
exposure to air over time, and it contains Lead (a toxic, heavy
metal) it has been largely replaced by another pigments.

 AIM: To prepare Chrome Yellow pigment using

Potassium Chromate and Lead Nitrate
 Materials Required: Potassium Chromate, Lead
Nitrate compound, Conical Flask, Glass Rod, Beaker,
Filter Paper.
 Procedure:
1. Dissolve 7 gram of Potassium Chromate in 50 ml
water and 10 gram of Lead Nitrate in 100 ml of
water in two separate beakers.
2. Pour the Potassium Chromate solutions in the
Lead Nitrate solution and stir continuously.
3. Pour the synthesized solution into a Buchner
Funnel or put a filter paper on a conical funnel
and allow the (Lead Chromate) to filter out.
4. Allow time for significant filtering. Separate out
the filtrate and let it dry. The filtrate is the yellow
pigment produced. Grind the dry clumpy
pigments with a mortar and pestle.

 Reaction Involved

K2CrO4 + Pb(NO3)2  PbCrO4 + 2 KNO3

Potassium Lead Lead Chromate
Chromate Nitrate (Yellow ppt)

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 6/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

 Testing The Paint

Chrome Yellow paint was formed using the procedure

mentioned earlier checking the efficiency of the paint thus
formed:

Total mass of the reactants used = (excluding mass H2O

used) =

Mass of the paint/ pigments obtained =

Efficiency in formation of Chrome Yellow =

Observation table

Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Paper
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Plastics
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Wood
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Foil
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Cotton
Texture:
Number of Strokes:

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 7/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

II. PRUSSIAN BLUE:

Prussian Blue is a dark blue produced by the oxidation of

Ferrous Ferrocyanide salts. It has the idealized chemical
formula Fe (CN)18. Another name of color is Berlin Blue

 AIM:
To prepare Prussian blue pigment using Hydrated Iron
(III), Chloride and potassium ferrocyanide.

 MATERIAL Required
Potassium Ferrocyanide. Hydrated Iron(III) Chloride,
Conical Flask, Glass Rod, Beaker, Filter Paper.

 PROCEDURE
1. Dissolve 5 gm of Hydrated Iron (III) Chloride in 50 ml
water and 10 gm of Potassium Ferrocyanide in 75
ml of water in Two Separate Beakers
2. Pour Iron Chloride solution into Potassium
Ferrocyanide solution and stir continuously.
3. Pour the synthesized solution into a Buchner Filter
or put a filter paper in a conical funnel and allow it to
precipitate out.
4. Allow time for significant out the filtering. Separate
filtrate and let it dry. The filtrate is the blue pigment
required.
5. Grind the dry, clumpy pigment with a mortar and
make a fine grain.

 Reaction Involved

3 K4[Fe(CN)6] + 4 FeCl3 
Fe[Fe3(CN)6]3

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 8/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

 Testing The Paint

Prussian Blue Paint was formed using the procedure

mentioned earlier checking the efficiency of the paints
thus formed:

Total mass of the reactants used = (excluding mass of

H2O used) =

Mass of the Paint/ Pigments obtained =

Efficiency in formation of Prussian Blue =

Observation table

Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Paper
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Plastics
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Wood
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Foil
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Cotton
Texture:
Number of Strokes:

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 9/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

III. BARIUM WHITE

A white pigment obtained naturally from the mineral Barite. Barium

th
Sulphate was developed as an artist pigment in the late 18 century as a
non-poisonous alternative to Lead White.

Barium Sulphate is an inert, transparent pigment that is often used

as filler or as a base for Lake pigments. The majority of synthetic
Barium Sulphate is used a component of White pigments paints. In
oil paint, Barium Sulphate almost transparent, and is used to
modify the consistency.

 AIM:
To prepare Barium Sulphate

 MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Sodium Sulphate, Barium Chloride, Beaker, Filter Paper

 PROCEDURE:
1. Mix 5 ml of Sodium Sulphate and 5 ml of Barium
Chloride solution in a beaker.
2. Stir acid then rest the mixture for 10 minutes
3. Filter the white precipitate obtained.

 REACTION INVOLVED:

BaCl2 + Na2SO4  BaSO4 + 2NaCl

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 10/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

 TESTING THE PAINT:

Barium Sulphate paint was formed using the procedure

mentioned earlier.

Checking the Efficiency of the paint thus formed:

Total mass of the reactants used =

Mass of the paint/ pigment obtained =

Efficiency in formation of Barium Sulphate =

Observation table

Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Paper
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Plastics
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Wood
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Foil
Texture:
Number of Strokes:
Bleed:
Dry Rate:
Cotton
Texture:
Number of Strokes:

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 11/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

Result : -

Conclusion: -

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 12/9

 Preparation Of Organic Dye Surface Analysis

Bibliography

(Name of books or name research paper)

Aarish Das| XII-C | 110013B | AY 2025 – 26 13/9