Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Mechanics
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSMJ1001
Credits: 04
Type of course: Theory (Major)
Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures including Tutorials)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 30%
End Semester Examination: 70%
Course Objectives
1. To develop basic understanding of concepts and principles of mechanics including
dynamics and properties of matters, non-inertial systems, central force motion, wave
motion, and special theory of relativity.
2. To apply concepts and principles of mechanics to different mechanical processes and
systems.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. understand the concept of work and energy, elasticity, collision, viscosity, dynamics of
rotational bodies, Coriolis force, non-inertial systems, central force motion, wave motion,
concept of relativity, Lorentz transformations, length contraction, and time dilation.
2. apply the concepts of mechanics and special theory of relativity to study mechanical
processes and systems involving non-relativistic and relativistic speed.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/paper Title Mechanics
Paper Code PHBSMJ1001
Paper Type Major
Credits 04
Total No. of Periods 48
No. of periods per Week 04
Total Number of Lectures 48 (including Tutorials)
UNIT-1 Dynamics and Properties of Matter
Fundamentals of Dynamics: Reference frames; inertial frames, Galilean transformations,
Galilean invariance; dynamics of a system of particles; centre of Mass (CM), motion of CM.
Work and Energy: Conservative and non-conservative forces, potential energy, stable and
unstable equilibrium, force as gradient of potential energy; gravitational potential and field
due to a sphere; motion of a Rocket as a system of variable mass.
Collisions: Elastic and inelastic collisions between particles; CM and lab frames.
Elasticity: Relation between elastic constants; twisting torque on a cylinder or wire.
Fluid motion: Kinematics of moving fluids – Poiseuille’s equation for flow of a liquid
through a capillary tube.
UNIT-2 Rotating systems and Central Force Motion
Rotational dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles; torque,
principle of conservation of angular momentum; moment of inertia, calculation of moment of
inertia for cylindrical and spherical bodies; kinetic energy of rotation, motion involving both
translation and rotation.
Non-inertial systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces, uniformly rotating frames,
laws of physics in rotating coordinate systems; centrifugal force, Coriolis force and its
applications.
Central Force Motion: Motion of a particle under a central force field –general principle of
central force motion, two-body problem and its reduction to one-body problem, reduced
mass, differential equation of orbits and its solution, Kepler’s Laws.
UNIT-3 Oscillations and Waves
Oscillations: Simple harmonic oscillations, differential equation of SHM and its solution,
kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values; transient and
steady states, damped oscillations; forced oscillations, resonance, sharpness of resonance,
power dissipation and Quality Factor.
Wave motion: Plane and spherical waves, longitudinal and transverse waves; plane
progressive (travelling) waves; wave equation, particle and wave velocities, energy density
and intensity of waves, differential equation of waves; pressure of a longitudinal wave.
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (stationary) waves; changes of wave
characteristics (displacement, particle velocity, pressure, and phase) with respect to position
and time; phase and group velocities and relation between them.
UNIT-4 Special Theory of Relativity
Postulates of special theory of relativity; Lorentz transformations, simultaneity and order of
events, length contraction, time-dilation, relativistic transformation of velocity, frequency and
wave-number; relativistic addition of velocities; variation of mass with velocity; massless
particles; mass-energy equivalence; relativistic Doppler effect; relativistic energy and
momentum transformation.
Text Books
Title of Book Author(s) of Book Publisher (Year)
An Introduction to Mechanics D. Kleppner, R.J. McGraw-Hill (1973)
Kolenkow
Physics Resnick, Halliday and Wiley (2008)
Walker
Mechanics D.S. Mathur S. Chand and Company
Limited (2000)
Reference Books
Title of Book Author(s) of Book Publisher (Year)
Mechanics: Berkeley Physics Course, C. Kittel, W. Knight, McGraw-Hill (2007)
Volume–1 et.al.
Analytical Mechanics G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cengage Learning (2005)
Cassiday
Feynman Lectures, Vol. I R.P. Feynman, R.B. Pearson (2008)
Leighton, M. Sands
Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Mathematical Methods
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSMJ1002
Credits: 02
Type of course: Theory (Major)
Contact Hours: 2 Lectures per week (Total: 24 Lectures including Tutorials)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 30%
End Semester Examination: 70%
Course Objective
To acquire basic understanding of the calculus required to study physics.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. use mathematical tools needed to solve problems in vector analysis.
2. solve first and second order differential equations.
3. verify if a series is convergent or divergent by applying various convergence tests.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/Paper Title Mathematical Methods
Paper Code PHBSMJ1002
Paper Type Major (Theory)
Credits 02
Total number of Periods 24
Number of Periods per week 02
Total number of Lectures 24 (including Tutorials)
UNIT- 1 Vector Differentiation
Scalar and vector fields. Directional derivatives and normal derivative. Gradient of a scalar
field and its geometrical interpretation. Divergence and curl of a vector field. Del and
Laplacian operators. Vector identities.
UNIT - 2 Vector Integration
Ordinary integrals of vectors. Multiple integrals, Jacobian. Notion of infinitesimal line,
surface and volume elements. Line, surface and volume integrals of Vector fields. Flux of a
vector field. Gauss’ divergence theorem, Green’s and Stokes’ theorems and their
applications.
UNIT - 3 Ordinary Differential Equations
First and second order differential equations and integrating factor. Homogeneous
equations with constant coefficients. Wronskian and general solution. Statement of
existence and uniqueness theorem for initial value problems. Particular Integral. Frobenius
method of solving second-order ordinary differential equation.
UNIT - 4 Convergence of Series
Convergence of power series. Idea of radius of convergence. Different convergence tests of
power series: D’alem- bert’s ratio test, Cauchy’s root test. Absolute and conditional
convergence. Taylor series of one variable, Maclaurin series.
Text Books
Title of the books Author(s) of the Book Publishers (Year)
Mathematical Methods for G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber, F. Elsevier, 7th Edn., (2013).
Physicists E. Harris
Advanced Engineering E. Kreyszig Wiley India, 9th edition
Mathematics (2011)
Reference Books
Title of the books Author(s) of the Book Publishers (Year)
Essential Mathematical K. F. Riley and M. P. Hobson Cambridge Univ. Press
Methods (2011).
P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki Mathematics for Physicists Dover Publications Inc.
(1996)
Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Lab – I (General Physics)
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSMJ1P01
Credits: 02
Type of course: Practical (Major)
Contact Hours: 3 Periods per week (Total: 36 Periods)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 60%
End Semester Examination: 40%
Course Objective
To develop understanding of the fundamentals of physics through experiments on mechanics,
electricity, and magnetism.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. understand the physics behind the related experiments.
2. gain practical knowledge about mechanics and electricity.
3. demonstrate the ability to apply knowledge to real world.
4. learn teamwork skills/ ability to collaborate by working in groups on a laboratory
experiment.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/paper Title Lab – I (General Physics)
Paper Code PHBSMJ1P01
Paper Type Major
Credits 02
Total No. of Periods 36
No. of periods per Week 03
List of Experiments
1. To determine the value of 'g' (acceleration due to gravity) using a bar pendulum.
2. To determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel.
3. To determine the value of modulus of rigidity using statical (vertical) method.
4. To determine the elastic constants (Y, η, K) of a given material using Searle's method.
5. To determine the current sensitivity of a galvanometer of given resistance and to convert
it into ammeters of different ranges (500μA, 200μA, 100μA).
6. To calibrate a voltmeter using potentiometer, (0-1 volt range).
7. To plot the resonance curves for series L-C-R circuits and to determine the Q value of
the circuit using resonance curve.
8. To measure the self-inductance of a coil using Anderson's bridge.
Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Basic Mechanics
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSMN1003
Credits: 04
Type of course: Theory (Minor)
Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures including Tutorials)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 30%
End Semester Examination: 70%
Course Objectives
1. To develop basic understanding of concepts and principles of mechanics including
dynamics and properties of matters, non-inertial systems, central force motion, wave
motion, and fluid dynamics
2. To apply concepts and principles of mechanics to different mechanical processes and
systems.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. understand the concept of work and energy, elasticity, collision, viscosity, dynamics of
rotational bodies, Coriolis force, non-inertial systems, central force motion, wave motion,
and concepts of hydrodynamics.
2. apply the concepts of mechanics to study mechanical processes and systems.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/paper Title Basic Mechanics
Paper Code PHBSMN1003
Paper Type Minor
Credits 04
Total No. of Periods 48
No. of periods per Week 04
Total Number of Lectures 48 (including Tutorials)
UNIT-1 Dynamics of Particles and Gravitation
Fundamentals of Dynamics: Reference frames; inertial frames, Galilean transformations,
Galilean invariance; dynamics of a system of particles; centre of mass (CM), motion of CM.
Work and Energy: Conservative and non-conservative forces, potential energy, stable and
unstable equilibrium, force as gradient of potential energy; motion of a rocket as a system of
variable mass.
Collisions: Elastic and inelastic collisions between particles; CM and lab frames.
Gravitation: Gravitational potential and field due to a circular disk, spherical shell and solid
sphere; gravitational self-energy of a solid sphere.
UNIT-2 Rotating Systems and Central Force Motion
Rotational Dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles; torque,
principle of conservation of angular momentum; moment of inertia, calculation of moment of
inertia for cylindrical and spherical bodies; kinetic energy of rotation, motion involving both
translation and rotation.
Non-inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces, uniformly rotating frames,
laws of physics in rotating coordinate systems; centrifugal force, Coriolis force and its
applications.
Central Force Motion: Motion of a particle under a central force field – general principle of
central force motion, two-body problem and its reduction to one-body problem, reduced
mass, differential equation of orbits and its solution, Kepler’s Laws.
UNIT-3 Oscillations and Wave Mechanics
Oscillations: Simple harmonic oscillations, differential equation of SHM and its solution,
kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values; transient and
steady states, damped oscillations; forced oscillations, resonance, sharpness of resonance,
power dissipation and Quality Factor.
Wave motion: Plane and spherical waves, longitudinal and transverse waves; plane
progressive (travelling) waves; wave equation, particle and wave velocities, energy density
and intensity of waves, differential equation of waves; pressure of a longitudinal wave.
Superposition of Two Harmonic Waves: Standing (stationary) waves; changes of wave
characteristics (displacement, particle velocity, pressure, phase, etc.) with respect to position
and time; phase and group velocities and relation between them.
UNIT-4 Properties of Matter and Hydrodynamics
Elasticity and Cantilevers: Relation between elastic constants, twisting torque on a cylinder
or wire; bending of beams, cantilevers, shape of girders.
Fluid motion: Kinematics of moving fluids –viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation for flow of a
liquid through a capillary tube, capillaries in series and parallel; equation of continuity,
Bernoulli’s theorem; surface tension and its molecular interpretation.
Text Books
Title of Book Author(s) of Book Publisher (Year)
An Introduction to Mechanics D. Kleppner, R.J. McGraw-Hill (1973)
Kolenkow
Physics Resnick, Halliday and Wiley (2008)
Walker
Mechanics D.S. Mathur S. Chand and Company
Limited (2000)
Reference Books
Title of Book Author(s) of Book Publisher (Year)
Mechanics: Berkeley Physics Course, C. Kittel, W. Knight, McGraw-Hill (2007)
Volume–1 et.al.
Analytical Mechanics G.R. Fowles and G.L. Cengage Learning (2005)
Cassiday
Feynman Lectures, Vol. I R.P. Feynman, R.B. Pearson (2008)
Leighton, M. Sands
Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Lab – I (Basic Physics)
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSMN1P01
Credits: 02
Type of course: Practical (Minor)
Contact Hours: 3 Periods per week (Total: 36 Periods)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 60%
End Semester Examination: 40%
Course Objective
To develop understanding of the fundamentals of physics through experiments on mechanics,
electricity and magnetism.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. gain practical knowledge about mechanics and electrical measurements such as: elastic
constants, resistance, voltage, current etc.
2. demonstrate the ability to apply knowledge to real world.
3. learn teamwork skills/ ability to collaborate by working in groups on a laboratory
experiment.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/paper Title Lab – I (Basic Physics)
Paper Code PHBSMN1P01
Paper Type Minor
Credits 02
Total No. of Periods 36
No. of periods per Week 03
List of Experiments
1. To determine the value of 'g' (acceleration due to gravity) using a bar pendulum.
2. To determine the moment of inertia of a flywheel.
3. To determine the value of modulus of rigidity using statical (vertical) method.
4. To determine the elastic constants (Y, η, K) of a given material using Searle's method.
5. To determine the current sensitivity of a galvanometer of given resistance and to convert
it into ammeters of different ranges (500μA, 200μA, 100μA).
6. To calibrate a voltmeter using potentiometer, (0-1 volt range).
7. To plot the resonance curves for series L-C-R circuits and to determine the Q value of
the circuit using resonance curve.
8. To measure the self-inductance of a coil using Anderson's bridge.
Syllabus with Course Objectives and Course Outcomes
B.Sc. (Hons.) I Semester (Physics)
Department of Physics
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Course Title: Concepts of Physics
Paper Code/Course Number: PHBSGE1004
Credits: 04
Type of course: Theory (Generic Elective)
Contact Hours: 4 Lectures per week (Total: 48 Lectures including Tutorials)
Course Assessment:
Internal assessment: 30%
End Semester Examination: 70%
Course Objective
To develop basic understanding of fundamental mechanical concepts and principles including
dynamics and properties of matters, non-inertial systems, central force motion, electricity and
magnetism, wave motion and optics, fluids and heat.
Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, students will be able to
1. discuss the scope of physics, the role of measurement and mathematics in physics, and
the concepts of physics behind many everyday phenomena.
2. explain the concepts of mechanics, electricity and magnetism, optics and waves.
3. do problems based on the fundamental concepts of mechanics, electricity and
magnetism, optics and waves.
Syllabus for FYUP
Department of Physics
Semester B.Sc. I
Course/paper Title Concepts of Physics
Paper Code PHBSGE1004
Paper Type Generic Elective
Credits 04
Total No. of Periods 48
No. of periods per Week 04
Total Number of Lectures 48 (including Tutorials)
UNIT-1 Physics, the Fundamental Science, and Motion
The scope of Physics, The role of measurement and mathematics in Physics, Physics and
everyday phenomena and Home experiments and observations.
Describing motion, Falling objects and projectile motion, Newton’s laws: Explaining
motion, Circular motion, the planets and gravity, Energy and oscillations, Momentum and
impulse, Rotational motion of solid objects.
UNIT-2 Electricity and Magnetism
Electrostatic phenomena: The electrostatic force: Coulomb’s law, The electric field and
electric potential, Conductors and insulators, Electric circuits, Magneto-statistics:
Magnets, magnetic force and magnetic effects of electric currents, Faraday’s law:
Electromagnetic induction.
UNIT-3 Wave Motion and Optics
Waves: Wave pulses and periodic wave, Interference and standing waves, Sound waves
and the physics of music. Light waves and colour: Electromagnetic waves, wavelength and
colour, Interference of light waves, Diffraction, gratings, polarized light. Light and image
formation, Eyeglasses, Microscopes, Telescopes.
UNIT-4 Fluids and Heat
The behavior of fluids, Pressure and Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’ principle, Fluids in
motion, Bernoulli’s principle, Temperature and heat, Heat engines and the second law of
thermodynamics. Concept of entropy.
Text Books
Title of Book Author(s) of Book Publisher (Year)
The Physics Of Everyday W. Thomas Griffith, Mcgraw-Hill, (2009)
Phenomena: A Conceptual Juliet W. Brosing
Introduction To Physics, Sixth Edition
Introduction To Physics John D Cutnell. K. Wiley India Edition,
W. Johnson, D (2015)
Young, S Stadler
Fundamentals of Physics D Halliday, R John Wiley And Sons
Resnick, J Walker (1997)
For the Love of Physics Walter Levin Free Press (2011)
The Feynman Lectures On R Feynman, Narosa Publishing House,
Physics Vol. I Leighton, Sands (2008)
