Computer Vision Class 10 Notes Introduction to Computer Vision Computer vision is a field of artificial see, observe and make sense of visual data(like images & videos). Computer vision enables computers and systems to extract useful information from digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs and to execute actions or make recommendations based on that information.fe Vision and Artificial Intelligence Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence (Al). Al enables computers to think, and computer vision enables Al to see, of visual data(like images & videos). observe and make sense Artificial Intelligence Deep Learnin Machine Learning Computer VisionComputer Vision Vs. Image Processing [ Computer Vision input Computer Vision is a superset of ImageProcessing. + Examples - Object Handwritingrecognition, etc. detection, Computer vision deals with extracting information from the input images or videos toinfer meaningful information and understanding them to predict the visual Image Processing Image processing is mainly focused on processing the raw input images to enhance them or preparing them to do other tasks Image Processing is ComputerVision. Examples - Rescaling image, Correcting brightness, Changing tones, etc. a subset ofHow the computer vision work? Computer vision analyzes visual data using complex algorithms. The computer vision algorithm broke the images into pixels and processed them using a machine learning technique and compared them with the dataset to find the pattern or objects. Applications of Computer Vision In the 1970s, computer vision as a concept was first introduced. Everyone was excited by the new uses for computer vision. However, a considerable technological advance in recent years has elevated computer vision to the top of many companies’ priority lists. Let's examine a few of them:¢ Facial Recognition — Security being the most important application involves use of Computer Vision for facial recognition. It can be either guest recognition or log maintenance of the visitors. Face Filters - Modern-day apps like Instagram and Snapchat have face filter applications, which capture the face using a camera and a computer vision algorithm that is able to identify the facial dynamics of the person. Google's Search by Image — Google has an interesting feature of getting search results through an image. Computer vision takes the input image from the users, compares it with the database of images, and gives us the search result.e Computer Vision in Retail — Retailers can use Computer Vision techniques to track customers’ movements through stores, analyze navigational routes and detect walking patterns. Self-Driving Cars - Computer vision is the fundamental technology behind developing autonomous vehicles. Most leading car manufacturers in the world are investing money in artificial intelligence for developing niall versions of hands-free technolog¢ Medical Imaging — Computer vision supported physicians. The medical image is used to read and convert 2D scan images into interactive 3D models that enable medical professionals to gain a detailed understanding of a patient's health condition. Google Translate App — If anyone wants to read signs in a foreign language, point your phone's camera at the words and let the Google Translate app tell you what it means in your preferred language almost instantly.5.2 Computer Vision Tasks ‘The various applications of Computer Vision are based on a certain number of tasks that are performed to get certain information from the input image which can be directly used for predictionor forms the base for futher analysis. The tasks used in a computer vision application are: station Sone even ‘center | seoemeraton Classification The image Cassiication problem is the task of assigning an input image one label from a fixed set ofcategories. Ths is one of the core problems in CV that, despite its simplicity, has a large variety of practical applications. Classification* Localisation Thisis the task that involves both processes of identifying what object is present in the image and at the same time identifying at what location that object is present in that image. It is used only for single objects. Object Detecti Object detection is the process of finding instances of real-world objects such as faces, bicycles, and buildings in images or videos. Object detection algorithms typically use extracted features andlearning algorithms to recognize instances of an object category. It is commonly used in applications such as image retrieval and automated vehicle parking systems. Instance Segmentation Instance Segmentation is the process of detecting instances of the objects, giving them a category, andthen giving each pixel a label based on that. A segmentation algorithm takes an image as input and outputs a collection of regions (or segments) Classification Instance Classification + Localization lect Detection — segmentation CAT, 006, DUCK CAT, DOG, DUCK Sgt tec saanse cece2. Basics of Images-Pixel, Resolution, Pixel value, grayscale and RGB images 1. Basics of Pixels The word “pixel” means a picture element. Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that make up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid. In the image above, one portion has been magnified many times over so that you can see its individual composition in pixels. 2. Resolution The number of pixels in an image is sometimes called the resolution. When the term is used to describe pixel count, on convention is to express resolution as ee width by the height, for example a monitor3. Pixel value Each of the pixels that represents an image which describes how bright that pixel is, and/or what colour it should be. The most common pixel format is the byte image, where this number is stored as an 8-bit integer giving a range of possible values from 0 to 255. Typically, zero is to be takeny as no colour or black and 255 is taken t ie full colour or white.4. Grayscale Images A grayscale image is a digital image that contains only shades of black, gray, and white. In a grayscale image, the highest, darkest shade is black, which has a zero value of pixels, and the lightest possible shade is white, which has 255 values of pixels. Let us look at an image to understand about grayscale images. Here is an example of a grayscale image. as you check, the value of pixels is within the images we see in the form of these numbers.5. RGB Images All the images that we see around are coloured images. These images are made up of three primary colours Red, Green and Blue.RGB Images All the images that we see around us are coloured images. These images are made up of three primary colours Red, Green, and Blue. All the colours that are present can be made by combining different intensities of red, green, and blue.