COMPUTER NETWORKING: NETWORK COMMANDS
1. Ipconfig:
Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. Used without
parameters, ipconfig displays Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and IPv6 addresses, subnet
mask, and default gateway for all adapters.
2. Ipconfig/all:
Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters. Adapters can represent physical
interfaces, such as installed network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as dial-up connections.
3. Getmac
Returns the media access control (MAC) address and list of network protocols associated with
each address for all network cards in each computer, either locally or across a network. Each
network interface on your computer is identified by a series of letters and numbers down as
a MAC address. This string is useful for identifying a computer, and is necessary for the
configuration of some licensed software, such as MATLAB.
4. ping www.google.com
Verifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) echo Request messages. The receipt of corresponding echo Reply messages are
displayed, along with round-trip times. ping is the primary TCP/IP command used to
troubleshoot connectivity, reachability, and name resolution. Used without parameters, this
command displays Help content.
You can also use this command to test both the computer name and the IP address of the
computer.
5. tracert www.google.com
Traceroute uses ICMP’s Ping command to find out how many different devices are between the
computer initiating the traceroute and the target. The traceroute command is used to
determine the path between two connections. Often a connection to another device will have
to go through multiple routers. The traceroute command will return the names or IP addresses
of all the routers between two devices.
6. pathping www.google.com
Provides information about network latency and network loss at intermediate hops between a
source and destination. This command sends multiple echo Request messages to each router
between a source and destination, over a period of time, and then computes results based on
the packets returned from each router. Because this command displays the degree of packet
loss at any given router or link, you can determine which routers or subnets might be having
network problems. Used without parameters, this command displays help.
7. netstat –o
It tells us active connections with our computer and it tells us local address ,foreign address and
the state of the device. In local address first 8 digits specify the local address of our computer
and and last 5 digits tells the port number to which our computer is connected.
The netstat command works in conjunction with the ifconfig command to provide a status
condition of the TCP/IP network interface.
8. hostname
The /usr/bin/hostname command displays the name of the current host system. Only users with
root user authority can set the host name. . It distinguishes one device from another on a
specific network or over the internet.
9. route print
Displays and modifies the entries in the local IP routing table. If used without
parameters, route displays help at the command prompt.
The route command allows you to make manual entries into the network routing tables.
The route command distinguishes between routes to hosts and routes to networks by
interpreting the network address of the Destination variable, which can be specified either by
symbolic name or numeric address. The route command resolves all symbolic names into
addresses, using either the /etc/hosts file or the network name server.
10.nslookup
nslookup is a command-line tool to discover the IP address or DNS record of a specific domain
name. It also allows for reverse DNS lookup, letting you find the domain attached to an IP
address. To use the tool, enter “nslookup” into the Command Prompt or Terminal. Nslookup is
the name of a program that lets users enter a host name and find out the corresponding IP
address or domain name system (DNS) record.
11.Arp
The arp command is used to display or modify the ARP cache on a computer. The ARP cache is a
table that stores the mapping of IP addresses to their corresponding MAC addresses. The arp
command can be used to display the ARP cache, add entries to the cache, and delete entries
from the cache.
