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C A N A D I A N A N N U A L REVIEW OF POLITICS
AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2000
This page intentionally left blank
Canadian Annual Review
of politics and public affairs
2000

E D I T E D B Y DAVID M U T I M E R

Published with the support of York University by

University of Toronto Press
Toronto Buffalo London
 www.utppublishing.com
© University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2006
Toronto Buffalo London
Printed in Canada

ISBN 978-0-8020-9089-8 (cloth)

ISBN 0-8020-9089-3 (cloth)

Printed on acid-free paper

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Canadian annual review of politics and public affairs.

1971-
Continues: Canadian annual review, ISSN 0068-8215.
Issue for 2000 edited by David Mutimer.
ISSN 0315-1433
ISBN 0-8020-9089-3 (2000 issue)
1. Canada - Foreign relations - 1945— Periodicals.
2. Canada - Economic conditions - 1945— Periodicals.
3. Canada - Politics and government - Periodicals.
FC2.C36 320.971'064 C71-2093

This book was published with the support of York University.

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its
publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario
Arts Council.
University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its
publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book
Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP).
Copies of the Canadian Annual Review published annually for 1960 to
1982 and 1984 to 1999 are available.
Contents

Contributors xi

Preface xiii

Canadian calendar xv

Editor's introduction - the year in review 3

The federal government, politics, and national institutions

by Robert Everett 9
ELECTION 2000 12
Early hints of a fall election 12; Birth of the Canadian Conservative
Reform Alliance 13; A new day dawns 15; By-elections: enter the
leaders 18; Fine-tuning the cabinet 18; Crossing the floor: expul-
sions and defections 19; The election call 20; The field
forms 21; Parties and platforms 21; On the hustings 23; The
debates 24; Electoral outcome 25; Fund-raising and
expenditures 27; Aftermath 28
NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 30
Senate 30; Auditor General 30
E C O N O M I C I N D I C A T O R S AND ISSUES 32
Economic indicators 32; Budget 2000 32; The mini-budget 33;
The Bank of Canada 34; Shake-out in mass media and
telecommunications 34; Bailout for NHL teams? 37
FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS
The Clarity Bill 37; Health-care accord 38
vi / CONTENTS

MAJOR POLICY FIELDS 39

A thin legislative agenda 39; Airline industry rules 40;
Licensing of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 41;
Same-sex legislation 42
THE PASSING OF PIERRE T R U D E A U 43

SCANDALS AND CONTROVERSIES 44

Management of Human Resources Development Canada 44;
The Prime Minister's riding 45; Lawsuit against Mr Day 47;
Without peer: Mr Black's lawsuit against the Prime Minister 48

Canada in the world: foreign affairs and national defence

by Christopher Spearin 49
FOREIGN AFFAIRS 51
United States 51; Illegal immigration 53; World Trade
Organization 54; Asia-Pacific 57; Middle East 58; Europe 60;
International summitry and the developing world 62; United Nations
and human security 66
DEFENCE POLICY 70
National missile defence 70; Reform and personnel
management 72; Defence budget and procurement 74; CF opera-
tions of note 76

Municipal affairs by Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly and Warren

Magnusson 79
URBAN POLITICS AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 79

CITIES IN THE MARKETPLACE 83

THE CULTURES OF CITIES 88

REGIONAL GOVERNANCE 92

LOCAL DEMOCRACY 95

CITIES IN CONFEDERATION 98

British Columbia by Carey Hill 100

PREMIER DOSANJH 100
 CONTENTS / vii

MR C L A R K ON T R I A L 102

MR C A M P B E L L IN Q U E S T I O N 103

SPEECH FROM THE T H R O N E 104

HEALTH 104

FORESTS 106

B A L A N C E D - B U D G E T LAW 107

NATURAL RESOURCES 109

WILDLIFE 110

ECONOMY 110

Alberta by Harold Jansen 113

BILL 11 113
E N E R G Y AND REBATES: POWER POLITICS IN ACTION 115
THE FLAT TAX BECOMES REALITY 117
THE LEGISLATURE 118
STOCKWELL DAY GOES NATIONAL 120
THE FEDERAL ELECTION IN ALBERTA 121
THE PARTIES 123
THE ECONOMY 124
MISCELLANEOUS 125

Saskatchewan by Joseph Garcea 127

ELECTIONS 127
Provincial by-election 127; Federal election 129; Municipal elec-
tions 130
P R O V I N C I A L POLITICAL PARTIES 130
New Democratic Party 130; Liberal Party 132; Saskatchewan
Party 132; Conservative Party 133; Aboriginal parties 133
FEDERAL POLITICAL PARTIES 133
Liberal Party 133; New Democratic Party 134; Alliance
Party 134; Progressive Conservative Party 135
viii / CONTENTS

THE L E G I S L A T U R E AND G O V E R N M E N T 135

The executive 135; The Legislature 137
THE BUDGET 138

THE E C O N O M Y 141

I N T E R G O V E R N M E N T A L AFFAIRS 142
Federal-provincial relations 142
A B O R I G I N A L AFFAIRS 143

CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS 146

Manitoba by Geoffrey Lambert 147

THE L E G I S L A T I V E SESSION 147

POLITICS AND P O L I T I C A L P A R T I E S 151

THE E C O N O M Y AND E C O N O M I C D E V E L O P M E N T S 152

The Territories by Ken Coates and Greg Poelzer 156

THE F E D E R A L E L E C T I O N IN THE N O R T H 158

THE Y U K O N T E R R I T O R Y 160
Demographic change 161; Economic challenges 161; Territorial
politics 161; Other issues 164
NUNAVUT 164
Demographic change 165; Economic challenges 165; Territorial
politics 166; Other issues 167
THE N O R T H W E S T T E R R I T O R I E S 167
Demographic change 168; Economic development 169; Territorial
politics 169; Other issues 171

Ontario by Robert Drummond 173

EARLY-YEAR EVENTS 175

SPRING SITTING OF THE L E G I S L A T U R E 179

S U M M E R RECESS 184

FALL SITTING OF THE L E G I S L A T U R E 187

TRANSITIONS 192
 CONTENTS / ix

Quebec by Daniel Salee 193

FACING ONE S DEMONS: IDEOLOGICAL TENSIONS A R O U N D
THE S O V E R E I G N T Y I S S U E 193

F E D E R A L - P R O V I N C I A L R E L A T I O N S ! L I V I N G WITH T H E A F T E R -
SHOCKS OF THE 1995 REFERENDUM 198
THE R E - E M E R G E N C E OF THE L A N G U A G E ISSUE 201

THE WINDS OF CHANGE: RECONFIGURING PUBLIC MANAGE-

M E N T A N D R E F I T T I N G P U B L I C POLICIES 203
Health care: to privatize or not to privatize? 204; Higher education:
private-sector values as a guideline 207; Municipal mergers and the
reorganization of local governance 209
L O O K I N G A H E A D ... 211

New Brunswick by Richard Wilbur 212

E N D I N G H I G H W A Y TOLLS 212

R E D U C I N G THE PUBLIC WORKFORCE 213

P R E P A R I N G NEW B R U N S W I C K E R S FOR A B A D - N E W S
BUDGET 214

B A L A N C I N G H I G H W A Y M A I N T E N A N C E WITH B U D G E T
CUTS 216

COPING WITH M O U N T I N G HEALTH-CARE COSTS 217

EDUCTION
EN
A N U N E V E N A N D A T TIMES C O N F U S I N G E C O N O M I C
PICTURE 220

LATE THRONE SPEECH A SIGN OF THE TIMES 222

Prince Edward Island by Peter Edward Buker 223

THE ECONOMY 223
FISCAL E V E N T S 225

THE LEGISLATURE AND POLITICS 226

x / CONTENTS

OTHER EVENTS 229

Nova Scotia by Robert Finbow 232

POLITICS 234
THE LEGISLATURE 236
THE ECONOMY 239
INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS 241

Newfoundland and Labrador by Peter Neary and Melvin

Baker 244

Obituaries 253

Index of names 257

Index of subjects 273

Contributors

M E L V I N BAKER, Archivist/Historian, President's Office, Memorial

University of Newfoundland
E M M A N U E L B R U N E T - J A I L L Y , Assistant Professor, School of Public
Administration, University of Victoria
PETER EDWARD BUKER, Assistant Professor, Department of Political
Studies, University of Prince Edward Island
KEN C O A t E S , Dean of Academics, Sea to Sky University, Squamish, BC
ROBERT D R U M M O N D , Associate Professor, Department of Political
Science, York University
ROBERT E V E R E T T , University Secretariat, York University
ROBERT FINBOW, Associate Professor, Department of Political
Science, Dalhousie University
JOSEPH G A R C E A , Associate Professor, Department of Political
Science, University of Saskatchewan
C A R E Y H I L L , Doctoral Candidate, Department of Political Science,
University of British Columbia
HAROLD J A N S E N , Assistant Professor, Department of Political
Science, University of Lethbridge
GEOFFREY L A M B E R T , Professor, Department of Political Studies,
University of Manitoba
W A R R E N M A G N U S S O N , Professor, Department of Political Science,
University of Victoria
PETER N E A R Y , Professor, Department of History, University of
Western Ontario
GREG POELZER, Associate Professor, Department of Political Studies,
University of Saskatchewan, and University of the Arctic
D A N I E L S A L E E , Professor of Political Science and Principal of the
School of Community and Public Affairs, Concordia University
CHRISTOPHER S P E A R I N , Deputy Director of Research and Assistant
Professor of National Security Studies, Canadian Forces College,
Toronto
R I C H A R D W I L B U R , Fundy Promotions, St Andrews, New Brunswick
This page intentionally left blank
Preface

In last year's edition of the Canadian Annual Review, I indicated that

we would be gradually introducing a series of changes to the organiza-
tion and content of the volume, following last year's inclusion of the
newly created Nunavut. This year we continue with a discussion of the
politics of Nunavut, together with the other two northern Territories,
and make three other changes to the text.
The first is that we have decided to eliminate the separate chapter on
federal-provincial relations, which has long been a staple of the
Review. This change reflects our judgment that it no longer makes
sense to pull this issue out of the broader discussion of politics and
public affairs, for two reasons. The first is that ongoing debate about
the future of Canada and Quebec, which has dominated federal-pro-
vincial relations for so long is, for the moment at least, not taking the
form that it has done. The second is that the scope of these relations, as
the provinces take ever-greater responsibilities, has spread to the point
that it is found in most, if not all, issues. On behalf of the Review, I
would like to take this opportunity to thank Michael Howlett, who has
written this section since 1987, and has provided a valuable contribu-
tion to our understanding of Canadian politics.
The second is that we have introduced a chapter on Municipal
Affairs. This decision reflects the growing importance of municipal
governance in Canada. Both as a result of the very high level of urban-
ization in the country - at 77 per cent one of the highest in the world -
and of the downloading of services, municipal government is more
important today than at any time in our history. While technically
municipalities are creations of the provinces, the issues that are faced at
this level of government are quite distinctive, and, of course, are often
the most relevant to the day-to-day lives of Canadians.
The changes in Canadian life that have given rise to the first two
changes to the Review have also led us to the third. The clear division
between federal and provincial perspectives around which the volume
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