GR 8 -3rd TERM

ISL.STUDIES/T.ISL(NMT) –Worksheet

Akhirah (Qiyamah)

Akhirah means the life after death. It is one of the basic beliefs of Islam. Without believing in it one
cannot be a Muslim. According to this concept one day this world will come to an end and a new
universe will emerge and each and every individual will be held answerable for this worldly life and
on the basis of that, his final destination Jannah or Jahannam will be decided. Qiyamah is believed to
be Allah's final assessment of humanity. The sequence of events is the total destruction of all creatures,
resurrection of the body, and the Judgment of all creatures.
Muslims believe that there will come a day when the whole universe will be destroyed. On this day,
called the Day of Judgement or the Last Day, the dead will be resurrected for judgement by God. All
people will receive God‘s reward or punishment according to their beliefs and actions. The good will
be rewarded with eternal life in Paradise, or Jannah, while the bad will be punished by going to a Hell
of fire and torment, called Jahannam.

What does the Quran say about death?

The Quran says, ―Everyone will taste death‖ (3:185, 21:35, 29:57). It is a natural event and no one can
escape death .

Barzakh
Literally, ―Barzakh‖ means ‗interval, gap, break, partition, bar, obstruction and isthmus‘ (a relatively
narrow strip of land (with water on both sides) connecting two larger land areas).
Grave or Barzakh is the period between a person's death and his resurrection on the Day of
Resurrection. Whoever dies as a Muslim, obeying Allah, will be in a blessed state, and whoever dies as
a kaafir, disobeying Allah, will be punished. Immediately after death, the body is shifted to the grave
whereas the soul goes to Allah and is placed in Barzakh according to his or her deeds.

Resurrection and the last day, the main events and its significance

In Islam, on the Day of Judgement (Qiyamah), all living things will be raised to life again and called in
front of Allah for the final Judgement. People will be divided; some will enter Jannah (Paradise) and
some will enter Jahannam . True Muslims must believe in the day of Judgement as one of the six
articles of Faith (Iman).

The exact time when the events are to occur is not specified, however there are said to be major and
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minor signs which are to occur near the time of Qiyamah (End Time).

The world will be brought to an end with a deafening noise.

The earth will split apart and become a level stretch.
The mountains will crumble to dust and will fly here and there like wool.
The sun will be folded up ,the moon will be in darkness.
The stars will become dim and fall.
The oceans will boil over and burst forth.
All landmarks on this earth will be lost.

Teachings of Quran regarding Jannah and Jahannam

Jannah (Paradise)
Jannah is known as Paradise in Islamic concept. The highest level of Paradise is ―Firdaws‖,where the
Prophets, the Martyrs and the Most Truthful and Pious People will stay. In Jannah we will be given
whatever we wish. Gardens filled with fruits, rivers of honey and milk, grand palaces, and delicious
foods the taste of which cannot be even imagined.
―Their Lord gives them good tidings of mercy from Him and approval and of gardens for them
wherein is enduring pleasure. Page 2 of 18 [They will be] abiding therein forever. Indeed, Allah has
with Him a great reward.‖ ( 9:21-22)

Jahannam (The Hell)

Hell is a real place that is prepared for those who reject the truth after it became apparent to them and
do evil deeds. Just like the pleasures of paradise are real and experienced with the body, so is the
suffering of hell.
―And whosoever disobeys God and His Messenger, then surely, for him is the fire of Hell, he shall
dwell therein forever.‖ (Quran 72:23)

How will belief about Akhirah affect the life of a Muslim?

Akhirah is such an important belief to Muslims that it is bound to affect their lives.
They see their life on earth as a test from Allah, and obviously want to be rewarded in the afterlife,
so this may make them think about their beliefs, actions and behaviour.
Muslims may be more aware of their lives – their thoughts, actions and deeds are being watched by
Allah and recorded by the angels, so it may make them think more carefully about these
Realise the importance of asking for forgiveness when they do something wrong, as they know
Allah will also see and hear this.
Be more aware that every action they perform an act of worship to Allah (ibadah) only and guard
their intentions because they know that on the day of judgement the weight of their deeds will be
according to their intentions.
Try to please Allah by performing sacred duties, reading the Qur‘an, following Shari‘ah law, caring
for those around them, being honest and faithful and working hard.

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Predestination/Al Qadar

Qadar means that Allah has decreed everything that happens in the universe according to His prior
knowledge and the wisdom. In easy words we can say Al-Qadr is the knowledge of Allah which He
has written in loh-e-Mahfooz. al-qadr literally means "(divine) power" and derives from the root (Q-D-
R) to measure out, to calculate, to be able, to have power.

Belief in al-Qadar includes four things:

1 –Al-ilm
The belief that Allah knows all things, in general and in detail, from eternity to eternity.
2 – Al-Kitabah
The belief that Allah has written that in al-Lawh al-Mahfooz (the Book of Decrees).
3 – Al-Mashiyah
The belief that whatever happens only happens by the will of Allah
4 –Al-Khalq
The belief that all things that happen are created by Allah in their essence, their attributes and their
movements.
Two types of Al-Qadr

1-Mubram
It is unchangeable. We have no freedom or authority in this regard. Like our parents, family, our
features, life span, our skin colour, time of death etc.
2-Muallaq
It can be changed by Dua and good deeds. But this change is also in the knowledge of Allah.

Evil and suffering

Evil:
Is the cause of human suffering, morally bad ,causes harm or injury to someone. It is the result
of interference of shaitan. Evil has the temptations of the devil.
Evil is of two types:
• moral evil - the acts of humans which are considered to be morally wrong
• natural evil - natural disasters, such as earthquakes or tsunamis
lesson a believer learns when he undergoes suffering

Suffering:
Is the bearing or undergoing of pain and distress. It is often categorized physical and mental.
It may come in degrees of intensity from mild to intolerable.

Lessons:
1. A believer must follow the laws of Allah and should have firm belief in predestination.
2. He should be consistent, patient and calm.
3. He should try to correct his moral values.
4. He should follow the right path.
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 5. He should be humble ,patient and courageous.
Free will, Freedom of choice
Muslims believe that everything that happens in this world and in our lives is under the control of
Allah because Allah is all-powerful (omnipotent) – there are no limits or restrictions on what He can
do. At the same time, Allah has given all human beings free-will, which means that they are free to
choose whether to act in a good or evil way. This is the thing that makes humans different from
animals. On Judgement Day, Muslims believe they will be judged by Allah on how they have lived
their lives. Although everything is in the knowledge of Allah but Allah‘s knowledge does not force any
one to do a particular deed. Whatever we do , we do with our free will and because of that free will or
the freedom of choice we will be held answerable on the day of judgement.

Jihad

Literal meaning and types of Jihad

Meaning of Jihad in Islam Jihad is an Arabic term, and its transparent meaning is ―to strive or work
hard for something‖. So, it does not mean ―the Holy War‖ or ―waging war in the name of Allah‖
against non Muslims. Jihad is basically the name given to every activity and movement in the way of
Allah (SWT). In general terms, this word includes any kind of activity and action to make the religion
of Allah goes everywhere in the world or spreading of religion Islam for Almighty Allah.

Types of Jihad:

Jihad against one’s self: Jihad bin Nafs is concerned with fighting against ―evil‖ (un-Islamic) desires
and the devil in the attempt to escape his inducement to evil. We can say this is the ―internal‖ jihad.
Shaytan will try to break our faith but we have to stick against Shaytan. Patience beat off desires and
certainty beat off doubts. So always be patient for the sake of Almighty Allah.

Jihad by the tongue/pen: This type of Jihad is concerned with spreading the word of Islam with one‘s
tongue or writing and the verbal (or written) defense of Islam.

Jihad by the sword: This form of Jihad is referred as ―the lesser jihad‖. Sometimes it is necessary to
undertake Jihad by the sword. This would include the use of armory and engage in an action. Jihad by
the sword is the use of arms to engage in a combat. It is not the misuse of arms to create violence.

Importance of Jihad in Islam

 1.It encourages self-discipline, patience, and moral purity.
 2.It Promotes honesty, kindness, and justice in personal conduct.
 3.It teaches Muslims to resist temptations (e.g., lying, cheating, anger).
 4.It encourages standing against corruption, tyranny, and injustice.
 5.Includes peaceful efforts like education, charity, and advocacy.
 6.It fosters unity, cooperation, and mutual support among Muslims.

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 7.It encourages helping the poor, orphans, and refugees.
 8.Seeking education and wisdom is considered a form of Jihad.

The Life and the importance of the Prophet Muhammad(pbuh)

Battle of Hunain

Before the Holy Prophet pbuh could leave Makkah for Madinah, he received reports that the Hawazin
and Saqeef, the two very strong and warring tribes of Taif, had collected a large army for attacking the
Muslims. The Holy Prophet pbuh, therefore, postponed his departure for Madinah and made
preparations for meeting this new challenge. He proceeded against them with an army of 12,000
Muslims, ten thousand of which had come from Madinah and two thousand were the new converts to
Islam.Probably the enemy had received reports of the route to be followed by the Muslim army.
So they posted archers in secret places and made a surprise attack on the Muslims while they were
passing through a narrow valley near Hunain. As a result, Muslims began to retreat in disorder.
The Holy Prophet pbuh and his Companions called the retreating men to return. The Muslim army
responded to the call and the Holy Prophet pbuh rallied his forces. Thus within no time, the defeat was
changed into victory.
The Quran says:
"Assuredly Allah did help you in many battlefields and on the day of Hunain: Behold! your great
numbers elated you, but they availed you naught; and ye turned back in retreat. But Allah did pour His
calm on the Messenger and on the Believers and sent down forces which ye saw not:-" (9: 25, 26)
In this battle, the Muslim army took six thousand prisoners of war, twenty-Four thousand camels and
forty thousand goats.

Battle of Tabuk
In the 9th year of the Hijrat the Holy Prophet pbuh received information that the Roman Emperor had
organised a huge army and that this force which the Emperor himself was commanding, had arrived
near the frontier. The Prophet pbuh, therefore, ordered that preparations be made to meet this
challenge. At that time there was famine in Hejaz and scarcity of water in Madinah and the
surrounding areas. There was intense heat. It was also the time for the ripening of fruits and plucking
of dates. Moreover, arms and equipment for fighting the large army of the Romans were not available.
The Holy Prophet pbuh made an appeal for donations and subscriptions. On this occasion,
Hazrat Usman gave one thousand gold dinars and three hundred camels laden with grains. Hazrat
Umar contributed half of all his cash, household goods and cattle and Hazrat Abu Bakr donated
everything that he had. The Muslim ladies, too gave their ornaments as donations. However many
hypocrites and other Arabs made excuses for not accompanying the Muslim army.
The Holy Prophet pbuh left Madinah with an army of thirty thousand men and encamped at Tabuk. It
was a difficult journey because of the intense heat and the scarcity of food and water. But the Muslims
remained steadfast. The strength of the army demoralised the Romans who dispersed without any
fighting. The Holy Prophet pbuh stayed at Tabuk for twenty days, during which a number of tribes
came to the Holy Prophet pbuh and embraced Islam.
When the Holy Prophet pbuh returned to Madinah, those who had not joined the expedition came to
make their excuses. Three true believers, however admitted their mistake. They were pardoned by
Allah while the others were condemned by the Holy Quran. The Tabuk expedition was the last military
expedition in which the Holy Prophet pbuh personally took part.

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His relations with other states

1.The best example was provided by the Holy Prophet pbuh at the time of the Treaty of Hudaibiya.
According to the treaty, the Holy Prophet pbuh had agreed to return any Muslim who came to them
and one such Muslim did arrive as the agreement was being written. The Holy Prophet pbuh told him
to go back to Makkah as he had already agreed to the treaty. This shows that all obligations undertaken
by the Muslim state should be fulfilled and treaties concluded between the Islamic state and other
states should be honoured.
2. Muslims were instructed by not to mutilate dead bodies, not to destroy crops and fruit trees, houses
and places of worship, not to kill women, children and old people and not to torture war prisoners.
3.During a period of ten years in Madinah, the Holy Prophet pbuh had to fight several wars with the
unbelievers of Makkah. The number of unbelievers killed in these wars were over two hundred. This
was an example for contemporary rulers to avoid unnecessary bloodshed.
4.After the Treaty of Hudaibiya, during the period of peace, the Holy Prophet pbuh sent letters to
various emperors and kings inviting them to Islam. Special mention in this connection maybe made of
Najashi of Abyssinia, who had given protection to Muslims of Makkah.
5. The Christians of Najran also concluded a peace treaty with the Holy Prophet pbuh.

His significance as the seal of the prophets

"The Seal of Prophet hood" is a title to indicate that Prophet hood came to an end with Prophet
Muhammad and that no other prophet is to follow. In Arabic, this phrase means "to complete a task, to
put a seal at the end of something and to seal a writing or document".

"The Seal of Prophets" in the Qur'an

"Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of
the Prophets" (Al-Ahzab, 33/40). The mentioned phrase "seal of prophets" hereby clearly address the
fact that Prophet Muhammad was the last link in the chain.

Reasons why Muslims consider the Prophet to be the Seal of the prophets:

1. Universality of Prophet Hood. He was sent as a Messenger for all mankind.

O Muhammad, say, "O mankind, I am a Messenger to all of you from Allah(Al-Aaraf,07:158)

2. Preserved/ protected Book. Prophet Muhammad came as the last Messenger of Allah with the
final revelation in the form of the last Book of Allah, the Holy Quran.
―(As regards this Admonition) it is We Who have sent it down, and We Ourself will preserve it. (al-
Hijr:09)
3. Completion of religion. Religion being made perfect and Prophet hood made complete. So
there remains no need for another religion and another law and consequently for another
prophet.
"This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor unto you, and have chosen
for you Islam as a religion" (Al-Maidah 5:3)

The last days of the Prophet and his last sermon

After the Farewell Address, back in Madinah, the Prophet was taken ill. His health deteriorated and the
illness became life-threatening. He was unable to lead Şalah. So, he asked Aba Bakr, his closest friend,
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to lead the Şalah in his place.

During his last days of illness, he had terrible headaches and a high fever. The illness eventually ended
the Prophet, the most illustrious personality in the history of mankind.

Teachings of the Prophet during Farewell Address/Final Sermon:

1-O people, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every
Muslim as a sacred trust. Remember that you will indeed appear before Allah and answer for your actions.

2-Return the things kept with you as a trust (Amanah) to their rightful owners.

3-All dues of interest shall stand cancelled and you will have only your capital back; Allah has forbidden
interest, and I cancel the dues of interest payable to my uncle al-'Abbas bin 'Abdul Muttalib

4-O people, your wives have a certain right over you and you have certain rights over them. Treat them well
and be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers.

5-Beware of Satan, he is desperate to divert you from the worship of Allah, so beware of him in matters of your
religion.

6-O people, listen carefully! All the believers are brothers. You are not allowed to take the things belonging to
another Muslim unless he gives it to you willingly.

7-O people, none is higher than the other unless he is higher in obedience to Allah. No Arab is any superior to a
non-Arab except in piety. brother blood

8-O people, reflect on my words. I leave behind me two things, the Qur'an and my example (Sunnah), and if
you follow these, you will not fail.

9-Listen to me carefully! Worship Allah and offer Salah, observe Sawm in the month of A Ramadan and pay
Zakah.

10-O people, be mindful of those who work under you. Feed and clothe them as you feed and clothe yourselves.

11-O people, no prophet or messenger will come after me and no new faith will emerge. All those who listen to
me shall pass on my words to others, and those to others again."

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 How can Muslims apply those teachings:

 Muslims today can apply the teachings of the Last Sermon by promoting equality and respect among
all people, regardless of background. They should protect the rights of others, treat women kindly,
and avoid harmful practices like racism, dishonesty, or injustice. They should treat people fairly
regardless of ethnicity, nationality, or social status. They should Promote inclusivity by supporting
diversity in workplaces, mosques, and communities.

Following the Quran and Sunnah in daily actions and strengthening unity within the Muslim
community are also essential ways to live by the Prophet‘s final guidance.

Major themes of Quran

Allah’s relationship with the created world

Surah Al Fatiha
َ َّ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ َّ
ُ‫اك َن ْس َتع ن‬ ِّ ْ َ ‫ َم ٰـل‬٣ ‫ٱلرحيم‬
َّ َ ْ َّ َ‫ ْٱل َح ْم ُد هَّلل َر ِّب ْٱل َع ٰـ َلم ن‬١ ‫ٱلرحيم‬َّ َ ْ َّ ‫ب ْسم ه‬
٥‫ي‬ ِ ‫ ِإياك نعبد و ِإي‬٤ ‫ين‬
ِ ‫ك يو ِ َّم ٓ ِّٱلد‬ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ ٱلرحم ٰـ ِن‬٢ ‫ي‬ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ‫ٱَّلل ٱلرحم ٰـ ِن‬ِ ِ
َ ‫ن‬ ََ ْ ََْ ُ ْ َ ْ َْ ْ ََْ َ ْ َْ َ ‫َ َ ه‬ َ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َ ِّ َ ْ ِ
٧ ‫وب علي ِهم وَل ٱلضالي‬ ٰ
ِ ‫ ِصط ٱل ِذين أنعمت علي ِهم غ ِي ٱلمغض‬٦ ‫ٱه ِدنا ٱلّصط ٱلمست ِقيم‬ ٰ

(1)In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. (2) All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of
the Worlds. (3) the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. (4) Master of the Day of Judgment. (5)
You Alone we worship, and you Alone we ask for help. (6) Guide us to the straight path. (7) the path
of those You have blessed; not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who have gone
astray.

Main Theme:
Surah Al-Fatiha is the first chapter of the Quran and one of the most important parts of our prayer.
It‘s read in every rak‘ah (unit) of salah and is known as the ―seven oft-repeated‖ verses. The Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) called it Umm-ul-Kitab, the Mother of the Book, because it
includes all the main ideas of the Quran in a short form. The Surah starts by praising Allah, the Lord
of all the worlds-Rabb-who is the Creator, Planner, and Sustainer of everything. All praise belongs
to Him alone because He is in control of everything and maintains the universe with perfect order
and wisdom.

The Surah then describes two of Allah's most beautiful names: Ar-Rahman and Ar-Raheem, showing
us that He is constantly merciful and kind to His creation, even when we make mistakes. At the
same time, He is the Master of the Day of Judgment. On that day, everyone will be held accountable
for their deeds, and only Allah will have full authority. This balance of mercy and justice teaches us
to love Allah and also be mindful of our actions. It reminds us that this life has a purpose, and there
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will be a day when we return to Him and receive the result of what we‘ve done.

The next verse Is a declaration of faith and humility: ―You alone we worship, and You alone we ask
for help.‖ This shows that worship is only for Allah, and we rely on Him for everything. True
worship isn‘t just about rituals-it‘s about love, obedience, and turning to Allah with sincerity. Even
though we may ask people for help sometimes, ultimate help comes only from Allah. This teaches us
to depend on Allah fully and ask Him for guidance and strength.

The Surah ends with a powerful dua: "Guide us to the straight path." We ask Allah not only to show
us the right way but also to give us the strength to stay firm on it.

Practical Use in daily life:

Surah Al-Fatiha teaches us to start each day with praise and gratitude to Allah, trust in His mercy,
and remember that we will be accountable for our actions. It reminds us to worship only Allah and
rely on Him for help in everything we do. By asking for guidance, we learn to stay on the right path,
make good choices, and avoid doing wrong. This Surah helps us live with sincerity, humility, and
purpose, turning to Allah in both good times and bad. We want to follow the path of those who were
blessed by Allah, like the Prophets, the truthful, the righteous, and the martyrs-those who knew the
truth and lived by it. At the same time, we ask to be protected from becoming like those who earned
Allah‘s anger by knowing the truth but ignoring it, or those who went astray because they didn‘t
seek knowledge. Saying ―Ameen‖ at the end is our way of asking Allah to accept this prayer from
our hearts and help us live by it every day.

Surah Al-Baqarah 2: 21-22)

َ َ ٓ َ ٓ َّ َ ٰ َ َ ْ َ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ َ ‫ه‬ َ ُ َّ َ ُ ‫َ ُ َ ه‬ َ ‫ه‬ ُ ََ َ ‫َ ٰٰٓ َ ُّ َ َّ ُ ْ ُ ۟ َّ ُ ه‬
‫لس َما َء ِبنا ًۭء َوأنز َل‬ ‫ ٱل ِذى جعل لكم ٱْلرض ِفر ًۭشا وٱ‬٢١‫اس ٱع ُبدوا َربك ُم ٱل ِذى خلقك ْم َوٱل ِذين ِمن ق ْب ِلك ْم ل َعلك ْم تتقون‬ ‫يـأيها ٱلن‬
َ ُ ََْ ُْ ََ َ َ ‫ْ ه ُْ ََ َ ْ َُ ۟ ه‬ َ َ َّ َ َ َ ْ َ َ ٓ َ ٓ َ َّ َ
ِ ِ ‫ِمن ٱلسما ِء ما ًۭء فأخرج ِب ِهۦ ِمن ٱلثم ٰر ِت ِرز ًۭقا لكم ۖ فَل تجعلوا‬
٢٢‫َّلل أند ًۭادا وأنتم تعلمون‬

(Surah Al-Baqarah 2: 21-22)

(2:21) O mankind, serve your Lord Who has created you as well as those before you; do so that
you are saved. (2:22) It is He Who has made the earth a resting-place for you, and the sky a canopy,
and sent down water from above wherewith He brought forth fruits for your sustenance. Do not,
then, set up rivals to Allah when you know (the Truth).

Main Theme:

These verses of Surah Baqarah (2:21-22) speak about Allah, the Creator and Cherisher of all mankind,
the earth, and the heavens, and hence, He alone is exclusively worthy of worship and adoration. They
emphasize four basic favours of Allah: the creation of man himself, the creation of the earth and the
heavens, the sending of rain, and the growth of fruits. The earth is described with the word "farsh",
which implies that it is most suited to sustain life so that human beings can pass a comfortable
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physical, intellectual, and spiritual life here. The sky is like a canopy or roof, offering shelter to
human beings. This imagery signifies that our whole life, both physical and spiritual, depends upon
Allah. The physical life is symbolized by the earth, while the spiritual is symbolized by the heavens.
The underlying message is that when humans acknowledge that all these favours come solely from
Allah, they must realize that only He deserves worship, obedience, and servitude. To set up others
equal in rank with Allah—whether they are idols, superstitions, pride of race or birth, wealth, power,
or learning—is to assign divinity to what is helpless and powerless. The sole aim of the Holy Quran
is to create Taqwa, or fear of Allah, which is described as the foundation of all virtue in human life.

Practical Use in Daily Life:

These verses serve as a strong reminder to adore our Guardian-Lord, who alone created us and
provides for all our needs. They help in developing the highest and humblest reverence and
worship, known as adoration, which leads to righteousness. Since Allah alone is the Creator and
Cherisher, exclusive worship of Allah is mandatory, and this excludes all forms of shirk
(associating others with Allah). In daily life, this means turning away from false gods such as idols,
superstitions, or even pride and material power, and instead offering complete and exclusive
worship and obedience to Allah. These verses also inspire us to recognize Allah‘s blessings in
nature, like the rain and fruits, and to respond with gratitude and spiritual awareness. Living with
Taqwa, the fear of Allah, becomes a guiding principle for all actions, shaping a life based on
virtue, humility, and obedience to divine guidance.

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