FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, APPLIED DESIGN AND FINE ART
DCE
YEAR TWO SEMESTER ONE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2025-2026
DTEM 211 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS III
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
PREPARED BY MR. SSEKAMANYA PETER
[email protected]
0758734852
SERIES
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Arithmetic Mean
We are given the concept of the arithmetic mean (A.M.) of two numbers P and Q.
The arithmetic mean A is inserted between P and Q such that P, A, Q form an arithmetic progression
(A.P.).
In an A.P., the difference between consecutive terms is constant. Therefore:
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GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION
Examples
1. Find the 6th term and the sum of the first 6 terms of the G.P.: 3,6,12,24,…
2. If the 5th term of a GP is 162 and the 8th term is 4374, find the series and hence find the
sum of first 5 terms of the series.
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METHODS OF SUMMATION OF FINITE SERIES
1. Method of Differences (Telescoping Series)
Some series can be simplified by expressing terms as differences of successive terms of another
sequence.
If
Then
Example.
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2. Sum of powers
3. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) Method
Example
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4. Geometric Progression (G.P.) Method
Example
CONVERGENCE PRINCIPLE FOR SERIES
Convergent Series
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Consider a GP series,
Divergent Series
Therefore the Convergence Principle says ;
i.e
Oscillatory Series
If the partial sums do not approach a fixed number but instead oscillate between values, the series
is oscillatory. An oscillatory series is a divergent series where the sequence of partial sums
oscillates indefinitely and does not converge to a finite limit. The oscillation may be
bounded (where partial sums remain within a finite range) or unbounded (where the
amplitude of oscillation grows without bound). Such series do not tend to +∞ or −∞, but
exhibit persistent fluctuations.
Example
1-1+1-1+……..
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Monotone Real Sequences
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LEIBNIZ TEST FOR ALTERNATING SERIES
Form of the Alternating Series;
An alternating series can be written as:
Example 1
Using 𝑢𝑛
Consider
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Example 2
Assignment One
Test the alternating series if ;
1.
2.
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