Steel and Composite Structures, Vol. 36, No.

3 (2020) 355-367
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.3.355 355

A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of

FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions
Abderrahmane Menasria1,2, Abdelhakim Kaci1,3, Abdelmoumen Anis Bousahla4,5,
Fouad Bourada1,5,6, Abdeldjebbar Tounsi1,5, Kouider Halim Benrahou1,5,
Abdelouahed Tounsi1,5, E.A. Adda Bedia5 and S.R. Mahmoud7
1
Material and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Faculty of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Algeria
2
Université de Abbés Laghrour Khenchela, Faculté de Sciences & Technologie, Département de Génie Civil, Algeria
3
Université Dr Tahar Moulay, Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie Civil et Hydraulique, BP 138 Cité En-Nasr 20000 Saida, Algérie
4
Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi-échelle, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes,
Département de Physique, Université de Sidi Bel Abbés, Algeria
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals,
31261 Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
6
Département des Sciences et de la Technologie, centre universitaire de Tissemsilt, BP 38004 Ben Hamouda, Algérie
7
GRC Department, Jeddah Community College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

(Received May 13, 2019, Revised July 10, 2020, Accepted July 13, 2020)

Abstract. The current work, present dynamic analysis of the FG-sandwich plate seated on elastic foundation with various
kinds of support using refined shear deformation theory. The present analytical model is simplified which the unknowns number
are reduced. The zero-shear stresses at the free surfaces of the FG-sandwich plate are ensured without introducing any correction
factors. The four equations of motion are determined via Hamilton’s principle and solved by Galerkin’s approach for FG-
sandwich plate with three kinds of the support. The proposed analytical model is verified by comparing the results with those
obtained by other theories existing in the literature. The parametric studies are presented to detect the various parameters
influencing the fundamental frequencies of the symmetric and non-symmetric FG-sandwich plate with various boundary
conditions.
Keywords: dynamic analysis, FG-sandwich plates; RPT model; Galerkin’s approach and various boundary conditions

of the new range of advanced materials (FGM), the FG-

1. Introduction sandwich plates are classified as an exceptional efficient
type of sandwich structure. These specific classes of
In the recent years, the studies research on the sandwich structures (FG-sandwich plates) are widely investigated by
structures has increased sharply because of their advantages several scientists’ researchers. Iurlaro et al. (2014)
such as (excellent ratio stiffness/mass, a good ability to developed a refined zigzag theory (RZT) for static and
absorb the energy and high shock wave resistant). These dynamic analysis of the simply supported and clamped FG-
studies can be found in the works of (Pagani et al. 2016, sandwich plate subjected to bi-sinusoidal and uniform loads.
Tornabene et al. 2017, Kolahchi 2017, Rekatsinas and Duc et al. (2015) studied the dynamic analysis of imperfect
Saravanos 2017, Szekrényes 2018, Chen et al. 2018, eccentrically stiffened shear deformable sandwich plate in
Tornabene and Brischetto 2018, Badriev et al. 2018, thermal environment. Using HSDT model Dinh Duc and
Moradi-Dastjerdi and Behdinan 2019, Mehar et al. 2019). Hong Cong (2016) analyzed Nonlinear thermo-mechanical
Several theories and models have been developed which dynamic response of piezoelectric FG- sandwich plates on
can be useful to analyze the behaviors of sandwich elastic foundations. The mechanical analysis of FG
structures. Thai et al. (2015) developed a novel numerical sandwich plates on elastic foundation is examined by
approach based on TSDT and isogeometric approach for Akavci (2016) using a new hyperbolic shear and normal
studying bending, buckling and free vibrational behaviors deformation plate theory. Do et al. (2017) examined the
of laminated composite plate. Tan et al. (2017) analyzed material combination role on mechanical response of FG
static and dynamic behaviors of FG plate by employing the sandwich plates in thermal environment. The Flexural
XIGA based on the Bézier extraction and two-variable RPT. dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates resting on elastic
A three-dimensional (3D) IGA-meshfree coupling approach foundation with various boundary conditions is examined
is presented by Tan et al. (2018) to examine Static, dynamic by Tossapanon and Wattanasakulpong (2017) employing
and buckling of FG plates and shells. After the development the Chebyshev collocation technique. Based on higher-
order layerwise FE formulation, Pandey and Pradyumna
(2018) studied a static and dynamic response of the FG-
Corresponding author, Professor sandwich plate with two configurations of the sandwich
E-mail: [email protected] Layers. Moita et al. (2018) have used a simple finite

Copyright © 2020 Techno-Press, Ltd.

http://www.techno-press.org/?journal=scs&subpage=8 ISSN: 1229-9367 (Print), 1598-6233 (Online)
356 Abderrahmane Menasria et al.

element model to examine a dynamic response of multilayer The bottom FG-skin varies from a metal-rich surface
sandwich plates/shells with a viscoelastic core.based on the z  h0   h 2 to a ceramic-rich surface  h1  while the
Hoff assumptions, Li et al. (2018) developed a new model
for the static analysis of sandwich plates with FG-soft core. top FG-skin face varies from a ceramic-rich surface  h2  to
also other theories and models have been developed over a metal-rich surface z  h3  h 2 . The isotropic core
the last two years to analyze the various behaviors of the situated between the two skins cited is totally ceramic.
FG-sandwich structures such as (Yoosefian et al. 2019, In this work the FG- face sheets materials properties are
H o s s e i n i e t a l . 2 0 1 9 , Khorshidi and Karimi 2019, assumed to vary according to a continuous power law
Gholamzadeh babaki and Shakouri 2019, Liu et al. 2019, function (Lal et al. 2017, Rezaiee-Pajand et al. 2018,
Mirzaalian et al. 2019, Rezaiee-Pajand et al. 2019, Zouatnia Sahouane et al. 2019)
and Hadji 2019, Li 2020a, b, Dorduncu 2020)
Through the literature it appears that it is necessary to study P( z)   Pc  Pm  V ( z )( n)  Pm , n  1, 2, 3 (1)
the FG sandwich structures behaviors with the different
types of edges supports, for this purpose, the aim of the where subscripts c and m indicate the ceramic and metal,
current work is to develop a four variables hyperbolic- respectively, P represent the effective material characteristic
exponential refined theory for dynamic analysis of the FG- such as mass density ρ(z), Young’s modulus E(z) and
sandwich plate resting on Winkler–Pasternak elastic Poisson’s ratio  ( z ) .and V ( z)(n) is the volume fraction of
foundation with various boundary conditions. Equations of the ceramic phase of each layer (n) is obtained from a
motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle and resolved simple rule of mixtures as
via Galerkin’s approach, The accuracy of the present
theoretical model is verified by comparing the solution of  z h0 
p
FG sandwich plate with various others studies. The V ( 1 )    , z  h 0 ,h 1 
influences of the the power-law exponent, foundation  h 1 h 0 
parameters, geometry, aspect and layer thickness ratios on V ( 2 )  1, 
z  h 1,h 2  (2)
the frequency response of clamped and simply supported
p
FG sandwich are deeply discussed.  z h3 
V (3)    ,
 h2  h 3 

z  h 2 ,h 3 
 
2. Mathematical formulation
Where p represent the volume fraction index with
2.1 The FG sandwich plates properties  p  0 , The metal volume fraction is given as Vm  1  Vc .
In this work the FG sandwich structure is composed 2.2. Constitutive equations
from three isotropic layers and is assumed to be reposed on
a Winkler–Pasternak type elastic foundation with the In the current investigation, for elastic and isotropic
Winkler stiffness of kw and shear stiffness of k s as shown in FGMs, the constitutive relations (stress-strain) can be
Fig. 1. written as:
The FG-sandwich plate has length a , width b and (n) (n)
 x   x 
(n)
thickness h. the plate is supported at all four edges defined Q11 Q12 0 
   
in the coordinate system (x, y, z) with x- and y-axes located  y   Q12 Q22 0   y 
in the middle plane ( z  0 ) and its origin placed at the    0 0 Q66   
 xy   xy  (3)
corner of the plate. The location of the x- and y-axes are in
z  0 (the middle plane) and its origin placed at the corner  yz 
(n)
Q 0 
(n)
 yz 
(n)

    44  
of the plate. The lower and upper interfaces of the core are
 xz   0 Q55   xz 
denoted h1 and h2 , respectively.
where (  and  ) and (  and  ) are the stress and strain
components, respectively. Qij are the stiffness coefficients
expressed by
E ( n )( z )
Q11( n )  Q22
(n)
 , (4a)
1  2
 E ( n )( z )
Q12( n )  , (4b)
1  2
E( n )( z )
(n)
Q44  Q55
(n)
 Q66
(n)
 , (4c)
21   
In this work, the conventional HSDT assumptions are
Fig. 1 Geometry of the FGM sandwich plate resting on used and simplified to reduce the number of unknown
elastic foundations variables. The displacement field functions of the classical
 A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions 357

HSDT are given as 2.3 Equations of motion

w
u( x , y , z ,t )  u0 ( x , y ,t )  z 0  f ( z ) x ( x , y ,t ) The equations of motion compatible on the displacement
x
field of Eq. (6) and deformations of Eq. (7) are derived
w0 (5)
v( x , y , z ,t )  v0 ( x , y ,t )  z  f ( z ) y ( x , y ,t ) from the Hamilton’s principle given as (Abdelmalek et al.
y 2017, Safa et al. 2019)
w( x , y , z )  w0 ( x , y ,t ) t

Where f(z) is the warping function and the terms u0 ,

0 
0
 U   U EF   K dt (10)

v0 , w0 ,  x ,  y are the five unknown displacement of the where  U is the strain energy variation ,  U F is the
mid-plane of the sandwich FG-plate. additional strain energy given by the elastic foundations,
Based on the conventional higher shear deformation and  K is the kinetic energy. The first variation of strain
model and dividing the deflection to bending and shear energy of the current model can be written as
components (w( x, y, z, t )  wb ( x, y, t )  ws ( x, y, t )) . The
          
 xz  xz   yz  yz dAdz
h /2

current displacement fields mentioned above can be written  U   x

n
x y
n
y
n
xy xy
n n
 h /2
A
as follows
   N x  x0  N xy xy0  N y  y0  M xb k xb  M yb k yb  M xyb  k xyb (11)
w   z  2   w
2
z

u ( x, y, z , t )  u0 ( x, y, t )  z b   z  h sin   e  h   s A
x  h  x  M xs k xs  M ys k ys  M xys  k xys Qyz yz0  Qxz xz0  dA
 
w   z  2   w
(6)
2
 z 

v( x, y, z , t )  v0 ( x, y, t )  z b   z  h sin   e  h   s where A is the top surface. N , M and Q are stresses and

y  h  y moments resultants of the FG sandwich plate.
 
w( x, y, z, t )  wb ( x, y, t )  ws ( x, y, t )
By integrating Eq. (3) over the thickness, the stresses
and moments resultants N , M and Q are written as
The zero transverse shear stresses are ensured on the  N xx , N yy , N xy   1 
free surfaces of the FG sandwich plate (top and bottom  b b 
3 hn
 
surfaces) without introducing the shear correction factors.  M xx , M yy , M xy      x ,  y , xy
b
  (n)
 z  dz, (12a)
Based on the current displacement field of Eq. (6). The  M b , M b , M b  n 1 hn1  
 xx yy xy   f ( z)
nonzero linear strain components are obtained as
hn
  x    x0   k xb   k xs  3
   0  b  s (7) Qxz , Qyz      xz , yz  (n) g ( z)dz. (12b)
  y     y   z  k y   f ( z ) k y  , n 1 hn1
   0  k b  k s 
 xy   xy   xy   xy  where hn and hn1 are the top and bottom z-coordinates
 yz   0yz  of the nth layer.
   g( z ) 0 
 xz   xz  The expression of the strain energy induced by elastic
foundations can be given as

g ( z )  z  cosh  z  e2 z  4sinh  z  ze2 z
2 2

 (8)
 U EF   f  wdA
e (13)
A
where
  2 wb  where f e is the reaction force of elastic foundation and
 u0   
  can be expressed as
 k b   x 
2
 x  
0
x 
 0   v0      2 w 
x
2 w 2 w

 y  ,  ky    
b b
2 
, fe  kw w  ksx  ksy (14)
 0   y   b   y  x 2 y 2
 xy   u0 v0  k xy   
 y  x  2  wb 
2

  where the parameters kw and ( ksx and ksy ) are the

 xy 
(9) Winkler and Pasternak modulus of subgrade reaction. If
  2 ws  the shear layer foundation stiffness is neglected
 2  (ksx  ksy  ks  0) , Pasternak foundation becomes a
 k b   x   ws 
0  
 x    2 w   yz   y  Winkler foundation. If foundation is isotropic and
 ky     2  ,  0 
b s
 homogeneous, we will get ksx  ksy  ks .
 b   y   xz   ws 
k xy    2 w   x  The variation of kinetic energy  K is expressed as
2 s 
 xy 
358 Abderrahmane Menasria et al.

where
 K   (u  u  v  v  w w) ( z )dV


V

I 0 u0 u0  v0 v0   wb  ws    wb  ws 


N  N x , N y , N xy , t

M b  M xb , M yb , M xyb , 
t

(19a)
 M 
t
A
Ms s
x , M ys , M xys
  wb wb  wb wb 
 I1  u0   u0  v0   v0 
 x  x y y 
   x0 , 0y , xy ,  
t t
 wb  wb wb  wb 
0
k b  k xb ,k yb ,k xy
b
,
I2   (19b)
 x x y y 

(15) 
k s  k xs ,k ys ,k xy
s
 t

  ws ws  ws ws 
 J 1  u0   u0  v0   v0 
 x x y y   A11 A12 0   B11 B12 0 
 w  ws ws  ws 
 K2  s  A   A12 A22 0  , B   B12 B22 0  ,

 x x y y   0 0 A66   0 0 B66 
 w  ws ws  wb wb  ws ws  wb  (19c)
J2  b      dA,  D11 D12 0 
 x x x x y y y y 
D   D12 D22 0 
where  (z ) is the mass density, the dot-superscript  0 0 D66 
convention represent the differentiation with respect to the
time variable t, the terms I 0 , I1, I 2 , J1, J 2 , K 2  are the mass  B11s B12s 0   D11s D12s 0 
inertias defined as    
B s   B12s B s
22 0  , D s   D12s D s
22 0 ,
h/ 2 0 0 B66s   0 0 D66s 
 1, z , z  ( z )dz
 
I 0 , I 1 , I 2   2
(16a) (19d)
h / 2  H 11s H 12s 0 
 
h/2 H s   H 12s s
H 22 0 
J 1 , J 2 , K 2     f ( z ),z f ( z ), f 
( z )  ( z )dz  0 H 66s 
2
(16b)  0
h / 2

     A44 0 
s
By Substituting the Eqs. (11), (13) and (15) into Eq. (10), Q  Qyz ,Qxz ,  0   0yz , 0xz , As  
t t
s  (19e)
integrating by parts, separating and collecting the  0 A55 
coefficients of displacements  u0 ,  v0 ,  wb and  ws ,
where Aij , Bij , etc., are the plate stiffness, defined by
the equations of motion of the FG sandwich plate are
obtained as follow
 A11 B11 D11 s
B11 s
D11 s 
H11
N xx N xy w w  s s s 
 u0    I 0 u0  I1 b  J1 s  A12 B12 D12 B12 D12 H12 
x y x x A B66 D66 s
B66 s
D66 s 
H 66
 66 
N xy N yy wb ws
 v0    I 0 v0  I1  J1   (20a)
x y y y hn  1 
  
3
 2 M xyb M yy  
 2 M xxb  1, z , z 2 , f ( z ), z f ( z ), f 2 ( z )   ( n) dz
b ( n)
Q11
 wb  2   fe 1  ( n)
x 2
xy y 2 n 1 h
(17)
n 1
 
 u v   2 
 I 0  wb  ws   I1  0  0   I 2  2 wb  J 2  2 ws
 x y  and

 ws 
 M xx
2 s
2
 M xy M yys
2 s

 
Qx Qy
  fe A s s s
22 , B22 , D22 , B22 , D22 , H 22  A , B , D , B , D , H ,
11 11 11
s
11
s
11
s
11
x 2
xy y 2
x y
E( z ) (20b)
 u v  (n)
Q11 
 I 0  wb  ws   J1  0  0   J 2  wb  K 2  ws ,
2 2
1  2
 x y 
hn
The stress resultants N , M b , M s and Q of FG sandwich 3

  21   g( z ) dz,

E( z )
A A 
s s 2
(20c)
plate can be expressed as function of deformation by using 44 55
n 1 h
n 1
Eq. (3) in Eq. (12) as
By replacing the Eq. (7) and (18) into equation (17), the
N  A B Bs    
 b    equations of motion can be expressed in terms of
D s  k b  , Q  A 
s 0
M    B D (18) displacements ( u0 , v0 , wb and wb ) as follow
M s  Bs s
H s   k s 
   D
 A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions 359

 2 u0  2u  2v0  3w  3 wb  Is the frequency with i   1 .

A11  A66 20  ( A12  A66 )  B11 3b  ( B12  2 B66 )
x 2 y xy x xy 2 The solution of the free vibrational analysis of FG-
 B11s
 3 ws
 ( B12s  2 B66s )
 3 ws w w
 I 0u0  I1 b  J1 s
sandwich plate are obtained by substituting the analytical
x 3
xy 2 x x solution of Eq. (25) into the equations of motion of Eq. (21).
A22
 2v0  2v
 A66 20  ( A12  A66 )
 2 u0
 B22
 3 wb  3w
 ( B12  2 B66 ) 2 b
the solution is in the matrix form as
y 2 x xy y 3 x y
 3 ws  3w w w   S11 S12 S13 S14   M 11 0 M 13 M 14    U mn   0 
 B22s  ( B12s  2 B66s ) 2 s  I 0v0  I1 b  J1 s     
y 3 x y y y   S21 S22 S23 S24  2  0 M 22 M 23 M 24    Vmn  0 
 S       (26)
 3u0
 ( B12  2 B66 )
 3u0  3v  3v
 ( B12  2 B66 ) 2 0  B22 30 S32 S33 S34   M 13 M 23 M 33 M 34   Wbmn   0 
B11
x 3
xy 2
x y y   31    
  S41 S44   M 14 M 24 M 44   Wsmn   0 
 4 wb  4 wb 4w  4 ws  4 ws  S42 S43 M 34
 D11  D22  2( D12  2 D66 ) 2 b 2  D11s  D22s (21)
x 4 y 4 x y x 4 y 4
in which
 ws
4
 u v 
2( D12s  2 D66s )  f e  I 0 ( wb  ws )  I1  0  0 
x 2y 2  x y  S11  A11  12  A66  8
 I 2 2 wb  J 2 2 ws S12  ( A12  A66 ) 8
 3u0  3u0  3v  3v0  4 wb S13   B11  8   12   2 B66 8
B11s  ( B12s  2 B66s )  ( B12s  2 B66s ) 2 0  B22s  D11s
x 3 xy 2 x y y 3 x 4 S14  ( B12s  2 B66s ) 8  B11s  12
 D22s
 4 wb 4w
 2( D12s  2 D66s ) 2 b 2  A55s
 2 ws
 A44s
 2 ws
 H11s
 4 ws S 21  ( A12  A66 ) 10
y 4
x y x 2
y 2
x 4 S 22  A22  4  A66  10
 4 ws  4 ws  u v 
2( H12s  2 H 66s )  H 22s  I 0 ( wb  ws )  J1  0  0 
x y
2 2
y 4  x y  S23   B22  4  ( B12  2 B66 ) 10
 J 2 2 wb  K 2 2 ws S24  ( B12s  2 B66s ) 10  B22s  4
S31   B11  e13  e11 
where the operator  2 is given by
S32   B11  e11  e5 
(27)
2 2
  2  2
2
(22) S33  D11  e13  e5  2e11   N xx  k sx e9 
x y

 N yy  k e
sy 3  k we1  2 N xy e7
S34   D  k1  k2  e13  2  k1 A  k2 B  e14   k1  k2  e11 
s
11

S41  B11s  k1  k2  e15    k1 A  k2 B  e16 

3. Analytical solutions
S42  B11s  k1  k2  e17    k1 A  k2 B  e16 
In this investigation three boundary conditions are S43   D11s  k1  k2  e15  2  k1 A  k2 B  e16   k1  k2  e17 
considered. The exact analytical solution of equations of
motion (Eq. 21) for clamped (C) and simply supported (S)  
S44  H11s k12  2 k1k2  k22 e15   H11s  k1 A  k2 B ' e18
2

edges of FG-sandwich plate is presented. These boundary  A55s  k1 A  e19   k2 B  e16 

2 2

conditions of FG-sandwich plate are defined as:  

Clamped (C) and
wb wb w w M 11   I 0 6 M 12  0
u0  v0  wb    ws  s  s  0 at x  0, a; y  0, b. (23)
x y x y M 13  I1 6 M 14  J1 6
M 22   I 0 2 M 23  I1 2
Simply supported (S)
M 24  J1 2 M 31  I1 9
wb w M 32   I1 3 M 41   J1 9 (28)
v0  wb   ws  s  0 at x  0, a.
y y M 33  I 0 1  I 2  9   3 
(24)
u0  wb 
wb
 ws 
ws
 0 at y  0, b. M 34  M 43   I 0 1  J 2  3   9 
x x M 42   J1 3
To satisfying the boundary conditions of Eqs. (23) and M 44   I 0 1  K 2 ( 3   9 )
(24). The displacement components are given in the with
derivatives form as b a

 X m  x   ( 1 , 3 , 5 )    X mYn , X mYn, X mYn  X mYn dxdy

U mn Yn  y  eit  0 0
 u0    x  b a
     Yn  y  it  ( 2 , 4 , 10 )    X mYn, X mYn, X mYn X mYndxdy
 v0  
    Vmn X m  x  e  (25) (29)
y
0 0
 wb  m 1 n 1   b a
 ws   Wbmn X m  x  Yn  y  eit  ( 6 , 8 , 12 )    X m Yn , X m Yn, X mYn X m Yn dxdy
 i t 
 Wsmn X m  x  Yn  y  e 
0 0
b a
( 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 )    X m Yn, X mYn , X mYn, X mYn X mYn dxdy
Where the terms U mn , Vmn , Wbmn and Wsmn are
coefficients X m x  and Yn  y  are functions given in Table 1.
0 0
360 Abderrahmane Menasria et al.

Table 1 The admissible functions X m x  and Yn  y  of SSSS, CCCC and CSCS FG-sandwich plate.
Boundary conditions The functions X m  x  and Yn  y 
SSSS X m 0  X m 0  0 Yn 0  Yn0  0 sin(  x ) sin(  y )
X m a   X m
 a   0 Yn b  Ynb  0
CCCC X m 0  X m 0  0 Yn 0  Yn 0  0 sin 2 (  x ) sin2 (  y )
X m a   X m
 a   0 Yn b  Yn b  0
CSCS X m 0  X m 0  0 Yn 0  Yn 0  0 sin( x) cos( x)  1 sin(  y ) cos(  y)  1
X m a   X m
 a   0 Yn b  Ynb  0

– ( )' denotes the derivative with respect to the corresponding coordinates.

In the current model, the non-trivial solution is obtained a2

ˆ  b2
2
*   h D
when “ det S    2 M   0 ”.
,
h

kw a 4 ks a 2 Ec h3
Kw  , Ks  , D
4. Results and discussions D D 12(1  2 )

In the following section, Several example for dynamic 4.1 Validation

analysis of FG-sandwich plates reposed on elastic
foundation are presented to show the accuracy and Table 4 present comparisons of dimensionless
efficiency of the present refined four variable unknown fundamental frequency ̂ of a clamped homogeneous
model. The material properties of the FGM are summarized square plate (p=0) reposed on only Winkler foundation
in the Table 2. K s  0 with (h b  0.015,   0.15) . The obtained results
In the presented examples, six kinds of sandwich plates
are utilized (1-0-1, 1-1-1, 1-2-1, 1-3-1, 2-1-2 and 2-2-1). are compared with those given by Sobhy (2013) using
various shear deformation plate theories. A good agreement
The upper and lower interfaces of core (h1 , h2 ) vary
is achieved between current results and those of Sobhy
according to the configuration of the plate as presented in (2013).
the Table 3. Table 5 give the dimensionless natural frequencies ( ̂ )
In the current work, all numerical results are presented of simply supported square isotropic plate reposed on
in the dimensionless form as
Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation ( Kw  varied, Ks  10 )
for various mode number ( m, n ) and geometry ratio ( b / h ).
Table 2 Material properties of Ceramic and Metal The computed results are compared with those published by
Properties Metal Ceramic Sobhy (2013). It can be seen from the table that the current
are in good agreement with those obtained by as Sobhy
Al Al2O3
(2013). It can be also observed that the dimensionless
E (GPa) 70 380 natural frequencies ( ̂ ) are in direct correlation relation
 0.3 0.3 with vibration mode number ( m, n ) and Winkler parameter
 (kg/m3) 2707 3800 Kw .
Table 6 shows the effects of elastic foundation
stiffnesses ( K w , K s ) and a h and layer thickness ratio on
Table 3 Various layer thickness ratio of sandwich plates
the free vibration ( ) of various types of simply supported
FG-sandwich square plates with (p = 1.5).
layer h0 h1 h2
thickness h3
ratio
1-0-1 0 0 Table 4 Comparison of dimensionless fundamental
frequency ( ̂ ) of a clamped homogeneous square plate
1-1-1 -h/6 h/6
resting on Winkler’s elastic foundation
1-2-1 -h/2 -h/4 h/4 h/2
Kw Sobhy (2013) Present
1-3-1 -3h/10 3h/10
2-1-2 -h/10 h/10 1390.2 5.3330 5.3332
2-2-1 -h/10 3h/10 2780.4 6.5349 6.5351
 A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions 361

Table 5 Comparison of natural frequency ( *) of a simply supported homogeneous square plate resting on Pasternak’s
elastic foundations
m n b/h K Sobhy (2013) Present
w
1 1 100 100 2.6551 2.6551
500 3.3400 3.3400
10 200 2.7842 2.7842
1000 3.9806 3.9806
2 1 100 100 5.5718 5.5718
500 5.9287 5.9287
10 200 5.3051 5.3049
1000 6.0085 6.0083
2 2 100 100 8.5405 8.5405
500 8.7775 8.7775
10 200 7.7311 7.7303
1000 8.2237 8.2229

Table 6 Effects of elastic foundation parameters ( K w and K s ) and geometry ratio a h on the dimensionless f
requency  of various types of simply supported sandwich square plates
kw  ks  0 k w  100, k s  0 k w  100, k s  100
Scheme Theory
a h5 10 20 a h5 10 20 a h5 10 20
(*)
FSDPT 0,9547 1,0167 1,0347 1,4061 1,461 1,4775 4,7803 4,8851 4,9134
TSDPT(*) 0,9647 1,0198 1,0356 1,4121 1,4631 1,4781 4,7807 4,8854 4,9135
SSDPT(*) 0,9655 1,02 1,0356 1,4125 1,4633 1,4781 4,7808 4,8854 4,9135
1-0-1
ESDPT(*) 0,9663 1,0203 1,0357 1,4131 1,4635 1,4782 4,7808 4,8854 4,9135
HSDPT(*) 0,9643 1,0196 1,0355 1,4119 1,463 1,4781 4,7805 4,8854 4,9135
Present 0,9600 1,0152 1,0310 1,4057 1,4566 1,4716 4,7600 4,8640 4,892
FSDPT(*) 1,0717 1,1367 1,1555 1,1563 1,5227 1,5401 4,6538 4,7513 4,7788
TSDPT(*) 1,0807 1,1395 1,1563 1,4695 1,5247 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,7789
SSDPT(*) 1,0817 1,1396 1,1563 1,4697 1,5248 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,7789
1-1-1
ESDPT(*) 1,0815 1,1398 1,1563 1,47 1,5249 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,779
HSDPT(*) 1,0816 1,1398 1,1563 1,4703 1,5249 1,5407 4,6538 4,7518 4,779
Present 1,0774 1,1363 1,1531 1,4652 1,5204 1,5364 4,6408 4,7386 4,7658
FSDPT(*) 1,0717 1,1367 1,1555 1,1563 1,5227 1,5401 4,6538 4,7513 4,7788
TSDPT(*) 1,0807 1,1395 1,1563 1,4695 1,5247 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,7789
SSDPT(*) 1,0817 1,1396 1,1563 1,4697 1,5248 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,7789
1-2-1
ESDPT(*) 1,0815 1,1398 1,1563 1,47 1,5249 1,5407 4,6537 4,7517 4,779
HSDPT(*) 1,0816 1,1398 1,1563 1,4703 1,5249 1,5407 4,6538 4,7518 4,779
Present 1,0774 1,1363 1,1531 1,4652 1,5204 1,5364 4,6408 4,7386 4,7658
FSDPT(*) 1,2605 1,346 1,371 1,5912 1,6688 1,692 4,5914 4,6898 4,719
TSDPT(*) 1,2666 1,348 1,3716 1,5956 1,6704 1,6924 4,5911 4,6901 4,7192
SSDPT(*) 1,2663 1,3479 1,3716 1,5954 1,6703 1,6924 4,591 4,6901 4,7192
1-3-1
ESDPT(*) 1,2662 1,3478 1,3715 1,5953 1,6703 1,6924 4,5909 4,69 4,7192
HSDPT(*) 1,2753 1,3506 1,3723 1,6024 1,6724 1,693 4,5921 4,6907 4,7194
Present 1,2648 1,3459 1,3694 1,5933 1,6678 1,6898 4,5836 4,6827 4,7118
(*) given from Ref. Sobhy (2013).
362 Abderrahmane Menasria et al.

Table 7 Dimensionless fundamental frequency  of FG-sandwich square plates (a=b, a/h=10) with various boundary
conditions
Boundary Method Scheme
p
conditions 1-0-1 2-1-2 1-1-1 2-2-1 1-2-1
HySDT(*) 0.2956 0.2956 0.2956 0.2956 0.2956
0
Present 0,2960 0,2960 0,2960 0,2960 0,2960
HySDT(*) 0.5227 0.4846 0.4560 0.4366 0.4172
0.5
Present 0,5229 0.4849 0.4564 0,4370 0.4177
HySDT(*) 0.7454 0.6593 0.5954 0.5537 0.5124
1
Present 0.7452 0.6593 0.5956 0.5540 0.5129
SSSS
HySDT(*) 1.0839 0.9254 0.8009 0.7200 0.6427
2
Present 1.0830 0.9249 0.8008 0.7202 0.6431
HySDT(*) 1.4519 1.2678 1.0767 0.9367 0.8131
5
Present 1.4492 1.2659 1.0758 0.9364 0.8132
HySDT(*) 1.5519 1.4053 1.2070 1.0392 0.8998
10
Present 1.5489 1.4026 1.2055 1.0387 0.8996
HySDT(*) 0.1836 0.1836 0.1836 0.1836 0.1836
0
Present 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875
HySDT(*) 0.3205 0.2972 0.2799 0.2682 0.2565
0.5
Present 0.3251 0.3016 0.2842 0.2726 0.2608
HySDT(*) 0.4546 0.4020 0.3634 0.3384 0.3134
1
Present 0,4595 0,4066 0,3678 0,3429 0,3179
CSCS
HySDT(*) 0.6886 0.5615 0.4863 0.4379 0.3913
2
Present 0,6637 0,5659 0,4908 0,4426 0,3960
HySDT(*) 0.8835 0.7670 0.6513 0.5676 0.4931
5
Present 0,8891 0,7708 0,6554 0,5722 0,4977
HySDT(*) 0.9492 0.8503 0.7294 0.6290 0.5448
10
Present 0,9569 0,8538 0,7331 0,6336 0,5494
HySDT(*) 0.1606 0.1606 0.1606 0.1606 0.1606
0
Present 0,1595 0,1595 0,1595 0,1595 0,1595
HySDT(*) 0.2777 0.2576 0.2427 0.2327 0.2226
0.5
Present 0,2766 0,2566 0,2418 0,2320 0,2219
HySDT(*) 0.3922 0.3468 0.3137 0.2924 0.2710
1
Present 0,3908 0,3458 0,3129 0,2917 0,2705
CCCC
HySDT(*) 0.5666 0.4825 0.4182 0.3770 0.3371
2
Present 0,5641 0,4809 0,4171 0,3763 0,3367
HySDT(*) 0.7610 0.6577 0.5584 0.4873 0.4236
5
Present 0,7557 0,6545 0,5566 0,4861 0,4229
HySDT(*) 0.8208 0.7292 0.6249 0.5396 0.4676
10
Present 0,8139 0,7249 0,6224 0,5381 0,4667
(*) given from Ref. Abdelaziz et al. (2017).

From the comparisons in the Table 6, a good agreement sinusoidal shear deformation plate theory (SSDPT)
is observed between computed results and those obtained developed by Sobhy (2013). It can be also noted that the
via first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDPT), increase in the values of the geometry ratio (a/h) and
third-order shear deformation plate theory (TSDPT), foundation parameters ( K w , K s ) lead to increase the values
exponential shear deformation plate theory (ESDPT),
of the fundamental frequency ( ) . The biggest values of the
hyperbolic shear deformation plate theory (HSDPT) and
 A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions 363

Fig. 2 Dimensionless fundamental frequency (  * ) versuss the ratio a/h , layer thickness ratio and inhomogeneity
parameter p of SSSS FGM sandwich square plates resting on elastic foundations K w  K s  100 

frequency ( ) are obtained for FG-sandwich plate with From the obtained graphs, we can see that the frequency
layer thickness ratio 1-3-1. (*) is in direct correlation relation with parameter (p)
Table 7 gives dimensionless fundamental frequency  and side-to-thickness ratio a/h. It can also observed that the
of SSSS, CCCC and CSCS FG-sandwich square plates with increase in the core thickness leads to reduce the differences
(a/h=10). The results are computed for ( p  0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 between curves .
and 10). A comparison is made between the current results The effect of the inhomogeneity parameter p and Layer
and those of Abdelaziz et al. (2017). It can be confirmed thickness ratio on fundamental frequency (*) of simply
again that the present model is in good agreement with supported and clamped FG-sandwich square plates with
those existing in the literature. It is clear in the table that the (a/h=10) are illustrated in the Fig. 3. From the plotted
dimensionless fundamental frequency  increase with the curves, it can be seen that the fundamental frequency (*)
increase of the face sheet material index (p). it can be also is in inverse relation with parameters (p) because the FG
observed that the lower values of the  are obtained for faces sheet of the sandwich plate become metallic. The
clamped FG-sandwich plate. largest values of the fundamental frequency (*) are
obtained for FG-sandwich plate when the core thickness is
4.2 Parametric study twice that of the face sheet.
Fig. 4 plots the variation of the frequencies (*) versus the
In this part, parametric studies are presented to show the
various parameters influencing the dynamic response of the geometry ratio (a/h) of SSSS, CCCC and CSCS EGM
FG-sandwich plate with various boundary conditions. sandwich square plate with and without Winkler elastic
Fig. 2 display the variations of the frequencies (*) foundation. From the obtained curves, It can be seen that
the increase in the values of the ratio (a/h) leads to increase
versus the FG face sheet material index (p) and
the eigen frequencies (*) . We note also that the presence
geometry ratio (a/h) for various layer thickness ratio of
simply supported FG-sandwich square plates resting on of the Winkler elastic foundation reduce the values of the
elastic foundations K w  K s  100  .
364 Abderrahmane Menasria et al.

(a) clamped plate (a/h=10) (b) simply supported plate (a/h=10)

Fig. 3 Effect of the material index parameter (p) on non-dimensional frequency (  * ) of square FG-sandwich plates

(a) clamped plate (a/h=10) (b) simply supported plate (a/h=10)

Fig. 4 Dimensionless frequency (*) as function of geometry ratio a/h of the (1-2-1) CCCC, SSSS and CSCS EGM
sandwich square plate with and without Winkler’s elastic foundation (p=0.5)

frequencies. It is clear also that the biggest values of (*)

are obtained for clamped plate.
The variation of the dimensionless frequencies (*)
versus the foundations parameters  Kw , Ks  and the
dimension ratio b/a of clamped and simply supported plate
with ( a h  10, p=0.5) are plotted in the Fig. 5. It can be
seen from the results that the dimensionless frequencies is
in inverse relation with ratio b/a. the frequencies (*) of
the clamped plate are greater than that of simply supported

plate. It can be concluded also that the presence of the

Fig. 5 variation of the frequencies (*) versus ratio b/a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation has an important role
on the values of the dimensionless frequencies (*) .
of SSSS and CCCC sandwich plate for different values
of Winkler-Pasternak parameters ( Kw , Ks )
 A four-unknown refined plate theory for dynamic analysis of FG-sandwich plates under various boundary conditions 365

5. Conclusions rectangular laminated plates using efficient zig-zag theory”, Adv.

Comput. Design, 3(3), 213-232.
In this work, the dynamic response of two types of FG- https://doi.org/10.12989/acd.2017.2.3.165.
Bensattalah, T., Zidour, M. and Daouadji, T. H. (2019b), “A new
sandwich plates with functionally graded faces sheets is
nonlocal beam model for free vibration analysis of chiral single-
investigated, using a four-variable refined plate model. The walled carbon nanotubes”, Compos. Mater. Eng., 1(1), 21-31.
equations of motion are determined on the basis of the https://doi.org/10.12989/cme.2019.1.1.021.
Hamilton’s principle. The problem of various boundary Bensattalah, T., Zidour, M. and Hassaine Daouadji, T. (2018),
conditions is solved analytically via Galerkin’s approach. A “Analytical analysis for the forced vibration of CNT
comparison with the results of the literature is made to surrounding elastic medium including thermal effect using
verify the accuracy and efficiency of current model. The nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli theory”, Adv. Mater. Res., 7(3), 163-
effects of the material index, aspect, geometry and layer 174. https://doi.org/10.12989/amr.2018.7.3.163.
thickness ratio on dynamic response of the clamped and Bensattalah, T., Zidour, M., Hassaine Daouadji, T. and Bouakaz, K.
(2019a), “Theoretical analysis of chirality and scale effects on
simply supported FG-sandwich plate are examined. Finally,
critical buckling load of zigzag triple walled carbon nanotubes
an improvement of the present analytical model will be under axial compression embedded in polymeric matrix”, Struct.
considered in the future work to consider other type of Eng. Mech., 70(3), 269-277.
structures materials (Behera and Kumari 2018, Narwariya et https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.3.269.
al. 2018, Bensattalah et al. 2018, 2019a, b, Nikkhoo et al. Chen, J., Zhang, W., Yao, M., Liu, J. and Sun, M.
2019, López-Chavarría et al. 2019, Bakhshi and Taheri- (2018), “Vibration reduction in truss core sandwich plate with
Behrooz 2019, Singh and Kumari 2020, Ghannadpour and internal nonlinear energy sink”, Compos. Struct., 193, 180-
Mehrparvar 2020, Al-Maliki et al. 2020, Rachedi et al. 188. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.03.048.
2020, Abed and Majeed 2020). Dinh Duc, N. and Hong Cong, P. (2016), “Nonlinear thermo-
mechanical dynamic analysis and vibration of higher order
shear deformable piezoelectric functionally graded material
sandwich plates resting on elastic foundations”, J. Sandw. Struct.
Acknowledgments Mater., 20(2), 191-218. doi:10.1177/1099636216648488.
Do, T.V., Bui, T.Q., Yu, T.T., Pham, D.T. and Nguyen, C.T.
The first author would like to acknowledge the support (2017), “Role of material combination and new results of
provided by the Directorate General for Scientific Research mechanical behavior for FG sandwich plates in thermal
and Technological Development (DGRSDT). environment”, J. Comput. Sci., 21, 164-
181. doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2017.06.015.
Dorduncu, M. (2020), “Stress analysis of sandwich plates with
functionally graded cores using peridynamic differential
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