Designation: D 1194-94 Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread Footings’ This stndard i sued unde the tad designation 119; the number inatitely following the desigantion indicts the yas of ital adoption ori the case of tevison, fey lo evsion_ Amro in pretends the yea Of ast reaprova. A ‘supetsrpt ep () Inccres am diol chee sine the ns revision © reappova ‘Ths standard hs ben approved for ue by agence of the Deparment of Defense 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers estimation of the bearing capacity of soil in place by means of field loading tests. This test method can be used as part of a procedure for soil investigation for foundation design It gives information on the soil only ta depth equal to about ovo diameters ofthe bearing, plate, and takes into account only part of the effect of time 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 Thi standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with Us use. It the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and cetermine the applica- Dility of regulatory limitations prior to use 2. Significance and Use 2.1. This test method is used timate th jitions forsee li of embedment. | strength paramet stibution of the load, 1 loading plate and depth of embedment (oF tlevation of testing). Ths bearing capacity can be used in Soil investigations and for the design of foundations. 3. Apparatus 3.1 Loading Platforms or Bins of sufficient size and strength to supply the estimated total load required or equiva- Tent means of supplying the total load reaction anticipated. 3.2 Hydraulic or Mechanical Jack Assembly of suficient ‘capacity to provide and maintain the maximum estimated load for the specific soil conditions involved, but not less than SO tons (440 KN) in any case, and at least one device, such as a pressure gage, electronic load eell, or proving ring, for mea- "This test meth is under theron of ASTM Comatitee DIB on Soil wad Rock andi the ust responsibly of Sebeomeitce DISS on Special and Contaction Cont Tet Caren ition spgoved March 15, 998, Publshed May 1994, Orgally publabed ag D 98" 52 T, Last previous dion D 1194 ~12 (1987, suring the force exerted by the jack. The force-measuring devices should be capable of recording the load with an error not excooding +2.% of the load increment used. t0 30 in, (34 n diameter sitieduciss ize mentioned or larger can be cast insitu. Such footings must have a depth of not less than two thirds of their width 3.4 Settlement-Recording Devices, such as dial gages, ca- pable of measuring settlement of the test plates to an accuracy of at least 0.01 in. (0.25 mm). 3.5 Miscellaneous Apparatus, including loading columns, steel shims, and other construction tools and equipment re- quired for preparation of the test pits and loading apparatus. Nore {Testing assemblies may vary widely, depending on job conditions, testing requirements, and equipment available. The testing ‘ssembiy and program shouldbe planned in advance and approved bythe Supervising eggineer, and in general can permit considerable latitude in ‘tile within the specific reqoirements noted above and outlined inthe lowing test procedure. A typical assembly for conducting loed tests strated in Fig. | 4. Procedure 4.1 Selection of Test Areas—Base the selection of represen- tative est areas for bearing tests on the results of exploratory borings and on the design requirements ofthe structure. Unless otherwise specified, make the load test atthe elevation of the proposed footings and under the same conditions to which the proposed footings will be subjected. At the sclected elevation place the bearing plates at the same relative depths (depths expressed in plate diameters) as the actual footing [Nore 2-~For footings placed under permanently excavated basements ‘he depth ofthe actual footing is construcd as the depth from the basement level or depth over which the surcharge is permanently acting, rather than the depth fom the ground surface. ‘Nort 3-IF the mentioned condition of equal relative depth cannot be tet for practical reasons, the test esults must be interpreted by using an ceeyigt ASTM nario, 100 Bar Ht Di, FO Bok C70, Wes Connect, Ph 1928258 Uns Ses,FIG. 1 Typical Setup for Conducting Static Load Tests approptiate theory of bearing capacity, Also make coretins forthe ets ofthe shape and size oF te foi and the ees ofthe water tables appropiate 42 Test Pts—At least thre test locations are required, and the distance between test locations shall not be less than five times the diameter of the largest plate used in the test. Carefully level and clean the areas to be loaded by the test plates or footings so that the loads are transmitted over the entire contact areas on undisturbed soil. Prior to loading, protect test pits and areas against moisture changes in the soil unless it is expected that wetting ofthe soil will occur at some future time, a8 in the case of hydraulic structures. In this case, prewet the soil in the area to the desired extent to a depth not Tess than twice the diameter ofthe largest bearing plate “43 Loading Playforms—Support the loading platforms or bins by cribbing or other suitable means, at points a3 fir removed from the test area as practicable, and preferably not tess than 8 & (2.4 m), The total load required forthe test shall be available atthe site before the testis started. ‘44 Dead Load—Weigh and record as dead weight all equipment used, such as sive plates, loading column and jack, ftc., that are to be placed on the test area prior t0 the application of the load increments. ‘45 Reference Beam—Independently support the beam sup porting dal gages or other sttlement-recording devices as far as practicable, but not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) from the center of the loaded area 4.8 Measurement of Setlement—Koep « continuous record ofall settlements. Make seitlement measurements a8 Soot a8 possible before and after the application of each load inere- ‘ment, and at such equal time intervals, while the load is being held ‘constant, as will provide not less than six settlement measurements between load applications, ‘4.9 Termination of Tests—Continue each test until a peak load is reached or until the ratio of load inerement to settlement increment reaches « minimum, steady magnitude. If sufiient load is available, continue the fest until the total settlement reaches at least 10% of the plate diameter, unless a weil- defined failure load is observed. After completion of observa- tions for the last load increment, release this applied load in three approximately equal decrements. Continue recording rebound deflections until the deformation ceases or for a period not smaller than the time interval of loading. 5. Report 5.1 In addition to the continuous listing ofall time, load, and settlement data for each test, as prescribed in Section 3, report all associated conditions and observations pertaining to the test, including the following: S.LI Date, 5.1.2 List of personnel, 5.1.3 Weather conditions, 5.1.4 Air temperature at time of load increments, andAlly 1194-94 5.1.5 Irregularity in routine procedure. loading plate do not allow forthe repetitive duplication of test resulis equited t0 obtain a meaningful statistical evaluation. 6. Precision and Bias ‘The subcommittee is seeking pertinent data from users of this 6.1. The precision and bias ofthis test method for determin- method which may be used to develop meaningful statements ing the bearing capacity of soil in place by means of a field Of precision and bias, loading test has not been determined. No available methods provide absolute values forthe bearing capacity of soil in place 7, Keywords against which this method can be compared. The variability of | the soil and the resulting disturbance of the soil under the 7-1 bearing capacity; bearing plate; deflection; settlement ASTI Irtratoral takes ro poeton raspacting he vay of any pean gts asserted in connec with any tam mantoned in ii star Usors of star are exprosely aia thatGatoriralon Oh vay Of ay sh patent gh, 9nd he sk ‘finfingement of cen is are enaly ta oom responsibly ‘mista is utc revision at any tne by the responsible tetra commits and must be ravowee ever fve years ant ‘Protrevseq, tne reapproved or wihranan. You! consents are ied lhe for revision of th alana rl sastona ardards {and should be aeeeesod to ASTM ntrmatoel Hodquaros. 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