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Sustainable Football
This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the different
environmental strategies adopted in the football world to foster sustainability.
The authors lay out useful insights, both for scholars and practitioners, to
improve good governance in football organisations by empowering environ-
mental organisational and operational actions. As well as examining practical
methods of implementing green initiatives, the book discusses their added
value from different perspectives including football fans, football managers
and policymakers. By identifying the most important green actions for the
dissemination of environmentally friendly behaviours at both individual and
organisational levels, the book demonstrates how football organisations can
use operational and organisational methods to develop an environmental sus-
tainability strategy. The book contributes to developing the role of the foot-
ball world by covering different facets of sustainability such as the circular
economy, climate change, green marketing, fan engagement and more.
It will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of environmental
management, sustainable business and corporate social responsibility, as well
as professionals working in the football industry.
Luca Marrucci is a research fellow at the Institute of Management at
Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies where he is also part of the research
group on Sport Sustainability. His research interests range from corporate
environmental management, through sustainable consumption and produc-
tion, to resource efficiency and circular economy. He is currently working
in several European and national projects. He is also involved in teaching
courses at the University of Siena and he is Adjunct Professor at the Institute
Lorenzo de’ Medici of Florence.
Tiberio Daddi is Associate Professor in Management at Sant’Anna School
of Advanced Studies where he coordinates the research group on Sport Sus-
tainability Management. His research interests range from corporate envi-
ronmental management to sustainable consumption and production, from
environmental footprint, performance and LCA to circular economy. He
is project manager of relevant international projects funded mainly by the
European Commission, he has been involved as a European project evalua-
tor, and he is a partner of Spin Off company of the SSSA. He has authored
numerous scientific publications in international journals relating to the rele-
vant research area. He teaches in the International PhD in Management, the
Master’s in Environmental Management and Control of the SSSA, and the
Executive Master’s in Circular Economy Management at the Luiss Business
School of Rome.
Fabio Iraldo currently holds academic positions as Full Professor of Man-
agement at Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, where he co-ordinates a
research group within the Institute of Management, and as Research Direc-
tor at GREEN, formerly IEFE – “Centre for Geography, Resources, Envi-
ronment, Energy and Networks”, a research centre at Bocconi University
in Milan. Fabio is the leader of the sustainability management area at the
Institute of Management. He is responsible for teaching courses in Sustaina-
bility Management in several postgraduate MSCs and business schools (SDA-
Bocconi, SIAF). Among his main research activities, there are pilot projects
and studies carried out on behalf of national and EU institutions. He is the
author of more than 100 articles, many of which were published in interna-
tional scientific reviews with Impact Factor.
Routledge Research in Sustainability and Business
Supply Chain Sustainability in Small and
Medium Sized Enterprises
Edited by Prasanta Kumar Dey, Soumyadeb Chowdhury, and
Chrisovalantis Malesios
Corporate Regulation for Climate Change Mitigation in Africa
A Case for Dilute Interventionism
Kikelomo O. Kila
The Role of Business in Global Sustainability Transformations
Edited by Dalia D’Amato, Anne Toppinen and Robert Kozak
Understanding Sustainability Performance in Business
Organizations
Implications for the Sustainability Service Industry
Jean-Pierre Imbrogiano
Comparative CSR and Sustainability
New Accounting for Social Consequences
Edited by Gabriel Donleavy and Carlos Noronha
Environmental Disclosure
Critical Issues and New Trends
Luigi Lepore and Sabrina Pisano
Sustainable Football
Environmental Management in Practice
Luca Marrucci, Tiberio Daddi, and Fabio Iraldo
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/
Routledge-Research-in-Sustainability-and-Business/book-series/RRSB
Sustainable Football
Environmental Management in Practice
Luca Marrucci, Tiberio Daddi, and
Fabio Iraldo
Designed cover image: Henrique Macedo
First published 2023
by Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2023 Luca Marrucci, Tiberio Daddi, and Fabio Iraldo
The right of Luca Marrucci, Tiberio Daddi, and Fabio Iraldo to be
identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance
with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-032-13238-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-13236-5 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-22827-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003228271
Typeset in Bembo
by codeMantra
Contents
1 Perspective on environmental management in the frame of
sport social responsibility 1
1.1 Environmental sustainability in sport social responsibility 1
1.2 Environmental management as a strategic approach 11
2 Environmental sustainability in football 18
2.1 State of the art of the diffusion of environmental sustainability
among football organisations 18
2.2 The challenge of climate change for football organisations 29
2.3 Risk perception of environmental impacts 35
2.3.1 Regulatory and legal risk 37
2.3.2 Physical risk 38
2.3.3 Reputational risk 39
2.3.4 Economic and financial risk 39
2.3.5 Innovative and technological risk 39
2.3.6 Changes in consumer needs and in the supply chain 40
3 Organisational and operational environmental management
in football 43
3.1 Practices on the governance of football organisations and events 44
3.1.1 Procurement 53
3.2 Practices on the operational management of football events 60
3.2.1 Water consumption 60
3.2.2 Waste production 63
3.2.3 Material consumption 70
3.2.4 Food and beverage consumption 72
3.2.5 Energy consumption 74
3.2.6 Communication 79
3.2.7 Sustainability of infrastructures 80
3.2.8 Pitch management 83
3.2.9 Biodiversity 86
3.2.10 Mobility and logistics 87
viii Contents
4 Environmental certifications for football organisations 94
4.1 Introduction to environmental certifications for
football organisations 94
4.1.1 Environmental certifications of organisations and of
their activities/processes 97
4.1.2 Environmental certification of products and services 100
4.1.2.1 The EU Ecolabel 102
4.1.2.2 The EU Energy Label 104
4.1.2.3 The EU Organic Label 106
4.2 Sustainable events with ISO 20121 109
4.3 The ISO 14001 standard and the EMAS Regulation 114
4.3.1 Environmental review 116
4.3.2 Environmental policy and improvement programme 122
4.3.2.1 Environmental policy 122
4.3.2.2 Environmental improvement programme 124
4.3.3 Environmental management system 127
4.3.4 Audit and review 137
4.3.4.1 Audit 137
4.3.4.2 Review 139
4.3.5 Third-party verifications 140
4.3.6 EMAS Regulation and the environmental declaration 140
5 Life cycle assessment as a support for sustainable football 145
5.1 Life cycle assessment and the ISO 14040 standards 146
5.2 The methodology of the European Commission for the
environmental footprint: similarities and differences with the
LCA approach 156
5.3 Life cycle assessment of grassroots football matches 163
6 Climate change and circular economy in football organisations 186
6.1 Circular economy: a new paradigm 186
6.2 Rethinking football business models in a circular way 194
6.3 Measuring the circularity of football organisations and events 207
6.4 Climate change: the challenge of this era 211
6.5 Football fighting climate change 215
6.6 Measuring football organisations’ climate change
impact: ISO 14064 218
7 Green marketing, environmental communication and
greenwashing in football 231
7.1 Environmental sustainability as a green marketing strategy 231
7.2 Developing accurate communication on
environmental sustainability 235
Contents ix
7.3 Avoiding greenwashing and the risk of greenwashing in football
organisations 240
7.4 Creating an ESG conscious football world 249
8 Fostering behavioural changes in football fans 254
8.1 Theoretical framework of behavioural change 254
8.2 The role of football fans in the environmental
sustainability of football 262
8.2.1 Measuring the environmental awareness of supporters 265
8.2.2 Perceptions and expectations of fans about the
environmental management of football 271
8.2.3 The role and pro-environmental attitude of fans during
football events 274
8.3 Incentivise green mobility among football fans 278
Index 287
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