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The Impact of the European Convention on Human
Rights on Private International Law 1st Edition
Louwrens R. Kiestra (Auth.) Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Louwrens R. Kiestra (auth.)
ISBN(s): 9789462650329, 9462650322
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 4.18 MB
Year: 2014
Language: english
The Impact of the
European
Convention on
Human Rights
on Private
International Law
Louwrens R. Kiestra
The Impact of the European Convention on Human
Rights on Private International Law
Louwrens R. Kiestra

The Impact of the European

Convention on Human
Rights on Private
International Law

123
Louwrens R. Kiestra
Maastricht
The Netherlands

ISBN 978-94-6265-031-2 ISBN 978-94-6265-032-9 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-94-6265-032-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945345

Published by T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, The Hague, The Netherlands www.asserpress.nl

Produced and distributed for T.M.C. ASSER PRESS by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Ó T.M.C. ASSER PRESS and the author 2014

No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose
of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
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from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

In this book interaction between the rights guaranteed in the European Convention
on Human Rights (ECHR) and private international law has been analysed by
examining the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) in
Strasbourg and selected national courts. In doing so the book has focused on the
impact of the ECHR on all three of the main questions of private international law:
jurisdiction, the applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of foreign
judgments. First, a concise introduction to both private international law and the
ECHR has been provided. Next, an important preliminary question has been
answered: what is the meaning of Article 1 ECHR for private international law?
Thereafter, the impact of the ECHR on the three main issues of private interna-
tional law has been examined in depth. It has been demonstrated in this book that
the impact of the ECHR on private international law is indeed considerable, and
that its impact in some areas of private international law is still somewhat
underestimated.
This book is based on the research which I mostly carried out at Amsterdam
University’s Amsterdam Center for International Law (ACIL) during the period
2008–2013. A small part of the research was carried out at the Swiss Institute for
Comparative Law. I would like to thank the staff of the Institute for their
hospitality.
This research was made possible by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific
Research (NWO). It was part of the VICI project on ‘The emerging international
constitutional order—the implications of hierarchy in international law for
coherence and legitimacy of international decision making.’ I am grateful to Erika
de Wet for giving me the opportunity to be a part of this research project, which
allowed me to combine two of my favourite subjects of law.
An older—and abbreviated—version of chapter 4 of this book is based on a
presentation delivered at the Colloquium ‘The Impact of the European Convention
on Human Rights on Private International Law’, organized by the University of
Amsterdam on 12 November 2010. This presentation was first published in the
journal Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht (NIPR). My thanks are extended to
all the participants at the conference, who provided me with useful commentary.

v
vi Preface

Many other people have contributed—either directly or indirectly—to this

book. I would like to thank, first of all, Jannet Pontier, and Marieke Oderkerk, who
helped to guide my research together with Erika de Wet. I would also like to thank
Prof. Gerards, Prof. Van Hoek, Prof. Kinsch, Dr. Mak, and Prof. Nollkaemper for
their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
This book has certainly also benefited from my many discussions on interna-
tional law—and other miscellaneous subjects—with my former colleagues at the
University of Amsterdam, and particularly my colleagues at the Amsterdam
Center for International Law. My thanks go out to all of them. I would like to
single out my long-time room-mates Lisa Clarke and Stephan Hollenberg, as well
as the next-door neighbours Christina Eckes and Jure Vidmar. In no small part
thanks to you, it was always a pleasure to work in Amsterdam. Special thanks are
also extended to José Visser and Eric Breuker, who were always there for our VICI
group.
I would also like to thank my family and friends who have demonstrated so
much patience. I would like to specifically thank David van Bemmel and Peep
Schaepman for being there during my hour of need. And, of course, special thanks
to my parents, who have always supported all my endeavours. Lastly, my thanks
go out to the one whose patience and understanding I have tested to the full during
the past few years: my loved one, Eeke. The book is finally complete, my dear.
The research in this book was largely completed in the spring of 2013.
However, since then new literature has been added and the case law of the Court in
Strasbourg has been updated until the end of 2013.

Maastricht, June 2014 Louwrens R. Kiestra

Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 1
1.1 Background and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 1
1.2 Structure of the Book and Further Delineation
of the Subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 5
1.3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 8
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. 9

2 Introduction to Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 The Notion of Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Objectives of Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Sources of Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4.1 The Europeanization of Private International Law. . . . . . 17
2.4.2 International Treaties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.3 National Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5 The Impact of Fundamental Rights on Private International
Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 20
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 24

3 Introduction to the European Convention on Human Rights . .... 27

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 27
3.2 The Enforcement Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 29
3.3 The Status of the ECHR in the Domestic and International
Legal Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 31
3.3.1 The ECHR and Other Private International
Law Treaties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 33
3.4 The Most Relevant Articles of the ECHR with Regard
to Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 36

vii
viii Contents

3.5 The Nature of the Contracting Parties’ Obligations

and of the Rights in the ECHR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 36
3.5.1 The Nature of the Rights Guaranteed in the ECHR . .... 38
3.5.2 The Margin of Appreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 42
3.6 The Future of the System of Protection Offered
by the ECHR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 44
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 46

4 Article 1 ECHR and Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49

4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
4.2 The Meaning of Article 1 ECHR and the Notion
of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52
4.2.1 The Notion of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 52
4.2.2 The Notion of Jurisdiction in Public
International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
4.2.3 The Notion of Jurisdiction in Article 1 ECHR . . . . . . .. 55
4.2.4 Article 1 ECHR and the Extra-Territorial Application
of the ECHR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
4.3 The Meaning of Article 1 ECHR for Private
International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64
4.4 The Consequences of the Applicability of Article 1 ECHR
to Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69
4.4.1 Article 1 ECHR and the Debate on the ‘Imperialism’
of the ECHR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71
4.4.2 The Dangers of the Proliferation of Rights Guaranteed
in the ECHR for Private International Law . . . . . . . . .. 73
4.4.3 Jurisprudence of the National Courts of the
Contracting Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
4.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 82

5 Jurisdiction in Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.2 The Notion of Jurisdiction in Private International Law . . . . . . . 87
5.2.1 Jurisdictional Rules and Grounds of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . 88
5.2.2 The Impact of Public International Law on Jurisdiction
in Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.3 The Applicability of the ECHR to Disputes Concerning
Jurisdiction in Private International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.4 The Right of Access to a Court in Private International Law . . . 95
5.4.1 General Overview of the Right of Access to a Court
in the Case Law of the Strasbourg Institutions . . . . . . . . 96
5.4.2 The Right of Access in Private International Law
in the Strasbourg Case Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
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Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
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