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Project Report CSE209
Electrical Circuit (East West University)
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Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Mini Lab Project Report
Voltage Divider and Selector Circuit
Department: Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Semester: Spring 2024
Course Number: CSE209
Course Title: Electrical Circuits
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Problem Discussion
A 10V DC supply is available. In practice we need to use 10V, 5V, and 3V as supply voltage of
a low current electrical circuit. We have to design a voltage divider circuit so that the desired
voltage can be selected at the output.
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Design
Components:
1.Breadboard
2.Battery-11.4V
3.Switch
4.Jumper Wire
5.Variable resistor
6.Mini Voltmeter
7.Resistors
Designing procedure:
We utilized PSPICE simulation and the voltage divider rule for circuit design.
Figure: 01
We noticed that the first Fig:1 gave voltage readings around 3V, 5V, and 9V when we checked
with a multimeter. But when we used a mini voltmeter, the voltage consistently dropped by
1.1V.
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Figure: 02
We updated our circuit Fig:2 with an 11.1V battery and recalculated for 5V, 3V, and 9V outputs,
accounting for a 1.1V voltage drop due to a mini voltmeter.
Figure: 03
We finalized our circuit design Fig:3 by integrating a variable resistor, enabling fine adjustment
to achieve the precise voltage output required.
Calculation:
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We have used a 10.1V battery source to concrete the circuit. To find the resistor’s value we first
assume the currents i1=3 mA, i2=10mA, i1= 9mAon the figure 2, 3 and 4. And we find the
equivalent resistor of those circuit. Then demonstrate those into those circuit.
Here,
Rc=1000Ω For 9V
applying VDR,
9V= =
𝑅𝑐 *10𝑛 .1𝑉 1000𝑅*𝑛10.1𝑉
→R1= 133Ω For 5V
applying VDR,
5V= =
𝑅𝑐 *10𝑛 .1𝑉 1000𝑅*𝑛10.1𝑉
→R2= 2.5kΩ For 3V
applying VDR,
V=
1 𝑅𝑐
=
*10𝑛 .1𝑉
1000𝑅*𝑛10.1𝑉 𝑅
→R3= 925Ω
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Simulation
Circuit Design for 9v:
Figure: 04
Circuit Design for 5v:
Figure: 05
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Circuit Design for 3v:
Figure: 06
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Experimental Results and Discussion
Measured value Measured Value Measured Value Measured Value
of E (v) of v1 (V) of v2 (V) of v3 (V)
9.2 3.1 5 9
Name Theoretically Measured Values Difference
Values
E 9 9.2 .02
v1 3 3.1 .01
v2 5 5 0
v3 9 9 0
The expected values and the ones we measured are quite close, but not exact. This discrepancy
can be attributed to various factors, such as the components we utilize. For instance, when
checking resistors with a multimeter, they exhibited slightly different values than expected.
Additionally, when numerous wires are interconnected, it can introduce some interference.
Moreover, after prolonged testing, the battery might experience a minor power loss, thereby
slightly impacting our measurements.
Resolved Issues
1. We encountered a voltage drop issue when connecting the mini voltmeter to the circuit,
resulting in a drop of 1.1 volts. To address this, we upgraded our battery from 9 volts to
11.1 volts and adjusted the circuit accordingly, compensating for the 1.1-volt voltage
drop of the mini voltmeter.
2. The voltage output exhibited a slight discrepancy from the desired value. To rectify this,
we installed a variable resistor for precise adjustment, ensuring the attainment of the
desired voltage.
