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The Biological Basis of Cancer 2nd Edition Robert Gilmore Mckinnell Full

Educational material: The biological basis of cancer 2nd Edition Robert Gilmore Mckinnell Available Instantly. Comprehensive study guide with detailed analysis, academic insights, and professional content for educational purposes.

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The biological basis of cancer 2nd Edition Robert
Gilmore Mckinnell Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Robert Gilmore McKinnell; et al
ISBN(s): 9780511816642, 0511816642
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 47.00 MB
Year: 2006
Language: english
The Biological
Basis of Cancer
This is a revised and updated edition of a text used in courses on cancer biology and is listed
by the U.S. National Cancer Institute for all those wanting to learn about cancer. It covers
everything from the molecular basis of cancer to clinical aspects of the subject, and has a
lengthy bibliography designed to assist newcomers with the cancer literature.
An introduction acquaints students with the biological principles of cancer and the
human dimensions of the disease by considering genuine cases of cancer. Other chapters
discuss cancer pathology, metastasis, carcinogenesis, genetics, oncogenes and tumor sup-
pressors, epidemiology, and the biological basis of cancer treatment. Also included are an
appendix with descriptions of common forms of cancer, a glossary of cancer-related terms,
a comprehensive reference section, and color plates to illustrate the pathology of many of
the types of cancer discussed in the text.
Upper-level undergraduates with background in biology, as well as beginning graduate
students, will find this text invaluable.

Robert G. McKinnell is Professor Emeritus of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development at


the University of Minnesota, where he taught a course on the biology of cancer for thirty
years. His research interests are focused on a herpesvirus-induced renal adenocarcinoma that
occurs in the Northern Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens.
Ralph E. Parchment is Chief Scientific Officer at SciTech Development in Detroit. His
expertise is in the field of in vitro drug safety testing and its application to designing clinical
trials to evaluate new anticancer agents.
Alan O. Perantoni is a principal investigator and Chief of the Differentiation and
Neoplasia Section in the Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Insti-
tute. He has maintained a research interest in oncogene/suppressor gene involvement in
experimental carcinogenesis. He is currently engaged in studies of aberrant signaling mech-
anisms in pediatric tumors.
Ivan Damjanov is Professor of Pathology at the University of Kansas School of Medicine.
He is interested in developmental aspects of neoplasia and diagnostic pathology of urogenital
tumors.
G. Barry Pierce is Centennial Distinguished Research Professor of Pathology Emeritus at
the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. He is world renowned for his recognition
of the stem cell origin of and differentiation of cancer cells.
The
Biological
Basis
of Cancer
Second Edition

Robert G. McKinnell
Ralph E. Parchment
Alan O. Perantoni
Ivan Damjanov
G. Barry Pierce
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

Cambridge University Press


40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521844581

© Robert G. McKinnell, Ralph E. Parchment, Alan O. Perantoni, Ivan Damjanov, G. Barry Pierce 1998, 2006

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception


and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First edition first published 1998


Second edition first published 2006

Printed in the United States of America

A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data


The biological basis of cancer / Robert G. McKinnell . . . [et al.] – 2nd ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-84458-1 (hardcover)
ISBN-10: 0-521-84458-4 (hardcover)
ISBN-13: 978-0-521-60633-2 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-521-60633-0 (pbk.)
1. Cancer. 2. Carcinogenesis. 3. Cancer cells. I. McKinnell, Robert Gilmore.
[DNLM: 1. Neoplasms. 2. Neoplastic Processes. QZ 200 B6147 2006]
RC261.M436 2006
616.99 4 – dc22 2005028814

ISBN-13 978-0-521-84458-1 hardback


ISBN-10 0-521-84458-4 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-60633-2 paperback
ISBN-10 0-521-60633-0 paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for


the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or
third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such
Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
The authors dedicate this book to two deserving groups.
First, we recognize students who we confidently expect
will make a greater impact on cancer than anyone has
been able to do thus far. We are optimistic that these
young scholars, committed to their research, will be
rewarded by the eventual conquest of cancer. The other
group is no less deserving. Let it be known that patients,
who are the motivating force behind this book, despite
enduring difficult treatment modalities, inspire us with
their spirit – they have captured our respect and
accordingly we dedicate this effort to them.

For Beverly Kerr McKinnell


who revealed extraordinary courage when learning that she had what Susan
Sontag termed “the barbarian within”; that cancer claimed her life all too soon
despite incredible bravery on her part and the care of many compassionate
and dedicated people in the healing professions. She is missed terribly.
A note about this dedication: Beverly, wife of Robert G. McKinnell, died just
months before this revised edition appeared. She and Robert are witnesses to the
horrific reality that few families indeed escape the awfulness of cancer lethality.
Contents

Preface page xv

Introduction: Letters illustrating clinical


aspects of cancer r G. BARRY PIERCE 1
Colon cancer 2
Breast cancer 4
Acute leukemia 5
Lung cancer 6
Kidney cancer 7
Squamous cell cancer 8
Testicular cancer 9
Stomach cancer 10
Melanoma 11
Neuroblastoma 12
Summary 13

1 The pathology of cancer r G. BARRY PIERCE


AND IVAN DAMJANOV 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Benign versus malignant tumors 18
1.3 The diagnosis of benign and
malignant tumors 24
1.4 Tumor grading and staging 25
1.5 Classification and nomenclature 27
1.6 Metastasis 28
1.7 Tumor markers 30
1.8 How cancer kills 30
1.8a Organ failure 30

vii
viii contents

1.8b Obstruction of the gastrointestinal


tract, ducts, and hollow organs 31
1.8c Cachexia and infection 33
1.9 Spontaneous regression 34
1.10 Dormancy 35
1.11 Initiation 36
1.12 Latency 36
1.13 Progression to the autonomous
state 37
1.14 Selection and cellular heterogeneity 38
1.15 A developmental concept of cancer 40
1.16 Apoptosis 48
1.17 Summary 49

2 Invasion and metastasis r ROBERT G. MCKINNELL 51


2.1 Introduction 51
2.2 The metastatic cascade 54
2.2a Disruption of the basement membrane
and lytic activity in the extracellular
matrix 56
2.2b Cell detachment 59
2.2c Cell migration and motility 61
2.2d Invasion 64
2.2e Penetration of the vascular
system 65
2.2f Cancer cells in the circulation 67
2.2g Arrest of circulating cancer cells
(stasis) 67
2.2h Extravasation, growth of metastases,
and metastasis of metastases 68
2.3 A multiplicity of genes are
associated with metastasis 69
2.4 Soil and seed hypothesis of Paget 70
Box: Stephen Paget: No “ploughman” was he! 71
2.5 Is metastasis limited to malignant
cells? 72
2.6 How do we know a metastasis to
the liver is not a primary neoplasm
of the liver? 76
2.7 Why study metastasis? 77
2.8 Summary 78
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Discussion 1: Research findings and conclusions


Learning Objective 1: Case studies and real-world applications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 2: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 3: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 5: Key terms and definitions
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 5: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 6: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Introduction 2: Interdisciplinary approaches
Example 10: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 12: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 12: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 13: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 13: Practical applications and examples
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Experimental procedures and results
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 17: Practical applications and examples
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 19: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 19: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Methodology 3: Current trends and future directions
Practice Problem 20: Current trends and future directions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Experimental procedures and results
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 25: Practical applications and examples
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 26: Practical applications and examples
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 27: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Case studies and real-world applications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Section 4: Current trends and future directions
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Key terms and definitions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 32: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 33: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 34: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 34: Best practices and recommendations
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 35: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 35: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 36: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 39: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Test 5: Research findings and conclusions
Example 40: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 41: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 42: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 43: Practical applications and examples
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 44: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Historical development and evolution
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 48: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Discussion 6: Experimental procedures and results
Remember: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 52: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 57: Research findings and conclusions
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 58: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Conclusion 7: Best practices and recommendations
Example 60: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 61: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 65: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 66: Case studies and real-world applications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 67: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 69: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Section 8: Statistical analysis and interpretation
Remember: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Practical applications and examples
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 73: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 77: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 78: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Conclusion 9: Key terms and definitions
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 81: Key terms and definitions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 82: Historical development and evolution
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Literature review and discussion
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 87: Ethical considerations and implications
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
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