4.5.3 Test (TST) - North-South Conflict (Test)
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3 Test (TST): North-South Conflict Test
U.S. History Honors Sem 1 Name:
Date:
Unit Four Big Question: How did conflicts over national expansion
lead to the Civil War?
Section 1: Short-answer questions (30 points)
Write multi-sentence responses for the prompts below. Be specific and
give examples from the history we have learned.
A. In one or two sentences, answer the following questions about the
role of Manifest Destiny on growing trouble between the North and the
South. (10 points total)
1. What was Manifest Destiny? (2 points)
Manifest destiny is an ideology that prevailed in the 19 th century. It
divided the province of the United States to spread its territory to the
Pacific Ocean.
2. How did the United States gain Texas territory from Mexico? (4
points)
The United States gained the territory of Texas from Mexico through
the war between Mexico and the United States, during which Mexico
truly surrendered the land to the United States as a showpiece and to
show that they didn’t want to fight anymore.
3. What was the Wilmot Proviso? How did it add to tensions between
the North and the South? (4 points)
The Wilmot proviso is a bill amendment that is there to prevent the
institution of slavery in any of the northern or southern territories. With
that, it increased the tension between the North and South because
they did not agree with each other.
B. In one or two sentences, answer the following questions about the
arrival of immigrants and the effect they had on political parties before
the Civil War. (10 points total)
1. What immigrant groups started arriving in the United States in the
1840s and 1850s, and where did they settle? (2 points)
The Irish and German immigrants increased in large numbers in the
United States in the 1840s and 1850s. Most of the Irish immigrants
chose large cities of the northeast region as their home while a large
number of Germans chose the midwest region, especially Ohio and
Wisconsin
2. What political party did they join and why? (4 points)
Many immigrants were received into the Democratic Party especially
the Irish because the party was more open to them than the other
parties, especially in the cities where the party had many supporters.
On the other hand, the Democrats were against the policies that
discriminated against immigrants and for immigrants’ rights
3. What caused the American Party, also called the Know-Nothing
Party, to rise? (4 points)
The Know-Nothing Party, or American Party emerged when there was a
huge immigration from Europe particularly after the Irish and Germans,
who were Catholics. The newcomers threatened many native-born
Americans, as some blocs sought jobs, affected politics, and would
change the country’s Protestantism, with the resultant Know-Nothing
Party.
C. Use the grid below to consider what challenges each side faced
while fighting the Civil War? Consider two issues that faced each side.
(10 pts)
the North had to conquer a vast territory to bring the rebellious
Southern states back into the Union.
The North also faced challenges in maintaining public support for
Nort the war effort, particularly as the war dragged on and casualties
h mounted.
The South struggled with a lack of industrial infrastructure, which
made it difficult to produce weapons, ammunition, and other war
supplies.
The South also faced shortages of food and other necessities due
Sout to the Union blockade and its agricultural economy being heavily
h reliant on cotton rather than food crops.
Section 2: Extended writing (30 points)
By 1860, the United States seemed to be divided into two very different
cultures — Northern and Southern. Write a five-paragraph essay that
explains the differences between the social structure, economy, and
political goals of the North and the South.
By 1860, two distinct cultures had come to characterize America, the
North and the South. Socially, economically, and politically, they
diverged, and thus, by the time of the 1860 Census, an unsettled
tension existed between the two regions. Such a sectional division
would naturally cause a problem for the country going forward. This
assignment will assess the differences in social, economic, and political
realms.
North and South had different social systems as well. For example, the
North was more urban and educated. Northern towns and villages took
pride in reform and progressive efforts such as abolition and women's
rights. However, the South was rural and agricultural with a developed
social class. The Southern plantations fostered such a social
arrangement that rich white men were at the top of the totem pole,
poor white men were in the middle, and enslaved African Americans
were at the bottom. Thus, slavery was apparent in both the North and
South; however, its contributions to the differing social systems were in
direct opposition. North and South developed different economies.
The North boasted an industrialized, diversified economy. Factories,
trade, and new railroads characterized the North. Such industrialization
led to the emergence of a nascent middle class, and many European
immigrants coming to America found factory jobs. The South, however,
operated with almost an entirely agricultural economy. The South grew
cash crops—cotton, tobacco, rice—but maintaining an agricultural-
based economy required slave labor, generating a self-sustaining,
intra-state, slave-dependent economy. Therefore, from the North's
industrialized world to the South's reliance on cash crops stemming
from slavery, two different economic systems emerged that fostered
differing expectations and interests that stimulated even greater
things.
The North and South differed in political intentions, as well. The North
consisted of many pro-war politicians and hopeful supporters of war-
time legislation to ensure an expansion of industry, northern
infrastructure, and dependence upon free labor. For example,
abolitionists wanted to rid the country of slavery; they believed it was
un-American and counterproductive to the democracy upon which the
country was founded. Yet the South wanted to keep their way of life—
slavery—involved. Southern politicians were pro-states' rights so that
their economic endeavor was maintained; they fought against federal
attempts to limit the growth of slavery. Such political intentions
created a level of rhetoric and growing resentment where debates
could flourish.
Ultimately, by 1860, America had two sections. The North was an
industrialized behemoth populated with much of its own socioeconomic
and sociopolitical distinction, intent on its economic and political goals
in direct opposition to the rural South. Thus, come 1860, it would not
be surprising that mere months into the next year, such a nation would
teeter on the edge of devastating warfare for reattachment and
emancipation efforts. It's this level of nuance that makes a nation all
the more complicated for such unity and equality.
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