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Globally Harmonized System of Classification And
Labelling of Chemicals Ghs First Revised Edition United
Nations Digital Instant Download
Author(s): United Nations
ISBN(s): 9789211169270, 9211169275
Edition: First Revised Edition
File Details: PDF, 29.06 MB
Year: 2005
Language: english
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED
SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION
AND LABELLING OF
CHEMICALS (GHS)
First revised edition

UNITED NATIONS
New York and Geneva, 2005
 NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the
legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its
frontiers or boundaries.

Copyright O United Nations, 2005

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in anyform or by any means,
electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical,photocopying or
otherwise, without prior petmission in writingfiom the United Nations.

I UNITED NATIONS I
Sales No .E.05.II.E.13
ISBN 92-1-116927-5
 FOREWORD

1. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is the
culmination of more than a decade of work. There were many individuals involved, from a multitude of
countries, international organizations, and stakeholder organizations. Their work spanned a wide range of
expertise, from toxicology to fire protection, and ultimately required extensive goodwill and the willingness
to compromise, in order to achieve this system.

2. The work began with the premise that existing systems should be harmonized in order to develop a
single, globally harmonized system to address classification of chemicals, labels, and safety data sheets. This
was not a totally novel concept since harmonization of classification and labelling was already largely in
place for physical hazards and acute toxicity in the transport sector, based on the work of the United Nations
Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNCEDTG).
Harmonization had not been achieved in the workplace or consumer sectors, however, and transport
requirements in countries were often not harmonized with those of other sectors in that country.

3. The international mandate that provided the impetus for completing this work was adopted in the 1992
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), as reflected in Agenda 21,
para. 19.27:

"A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including material
safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available, if feasible, by the year
2000".

4. The work was coordinated and managed under the auspices of the Interorganization Programme for the
Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical
Classification Systems (CGIHCCS). The technical focal points for completing the work were the
International Labour Organization (ILO); the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD); and the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods (UNSCETDG).

5. Once completed in 2001, the work was transmitted by the IOMC to the new United Nations Economic
and Social Council's Sub-Committee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (UNSCEGHS). This Sub-committee was established by the Council's resolution
1999165 of 26 October 1999 as a subsidiary body of the former UNCETDG, which was reconfigured and
renamed at the same occasion "Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals" (UNCETDGIGHS). The
Committee and its sub-committees work on a biennium basis.

6. The UNSCEGHS is responsible for maintaining the GHS and promoting its implementation. It
provides additional guidance as needs arise, while maintaining stability in the system to encourage its
adoption. Under its auspices, the document is regularly revised and updated to reflect national, regional and
international experiences in implementing requirements into national, regional and international laws, as well
as experiences of those doing the classification and labelling.

7. The first task of the UNSCEGHS was to make the GHS available for worldwide use and application.
The first version of the document, which was intended to serve as the initial basis for the global
implementation of the system, was approved by the Committee of Experts at its first session (1 1-13
December 2002) and published in 2003 under the symbol ST/SG/AC.10/30. At its second session
(10 December 2004), the Committee of Experts adopted a set of amendments to the GHS, which were
consolidated in document STISGIAC.10132lAdd.3 and STISGIAC.10/32lAdd.3/Corr.l . This first revised
version of the GHS takes account of all these amendments, which also include new provisions for aspiration
hazards and guidance on the use of precautionary statements and pictograms and on the preparation of Safety
Data Sheets (SDS's).
8. In paragraph 23 (c) of its Plan of Action adopted in Johannesburg on 4 September 2002, the World
Summit on Sustainable Development encouraged countries to implement the new GHS as soon as possible
with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008. Subsequently, in its resolution 2003164 of 25
July 2003, the United Nations Economic and Social Council invited Governments to take the necessary
steps, through appropriate national procedures andlor legislation, to implement the Globally Harmonized
System as soon as possible and no later than 2008. It also invited the regional commissions, United Nations
programmes, the specialized agencies and other organizations concerned to promote the implementation of
the Globally Harmonized System and, where relevant, to amend their respective legal international
instruments addressing transport safety, work safety, consumer protection or the protection of the
environment so as to give effect to the Globally Harmonized System through such instruments.

9. While governments, regional institutions and international organizations are the primary audiences for
the GHS, it also contains sufficient context and guidance for those in industry who will ultimately be
implementing the national requirements which are adopted. Availability of information about chemicals,
their hazards, and ways to protect people, will provide the foundation for national programmes for the safe
management of chemicals. Widespread management of chemicals in countries around the world will lead to
safer conditions for the global population and the environment, while allowing the benefits of chemical use
to continue. Harmonization will also have benefits in terms of facilitating international trade, by promoting
greater consistency in the national requirements for chemical hazard classification and communication that
companies engaged in international trade must meet.

10. This publication has been prepared by the secretariat of the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe (UNECE), which provides secretariat services to the Committee of Experts.

11. Additional information on the work of the Committee and its sub-committees, as well as corrigenda
which would be issued after publication of this document, may be found on the UNECE Transport Division
web site at the following addresses http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm and
http://www .unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs~welcome~e.html.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

.
Part 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1

Chapter 1.1 Purpose. scope and application of the GHS ................................................. 3

Chapter 1.2 Definitions and abbreviations ....................................................................... 11

Chapter 1.3 Classification of hazardous substances and mixtures ................................... 17

Chapter 1.4 Hazard communication: Labelling ............................................................... 23

Chapter 1.5 Hazard communication: Safety Data sheets (SDS) ...................................... 35

.
Part 2 PHYSICAL HAZARDS ...............................................................................................

Chapter 2.1 Explosives ....................................................................................................

Chapter 2.2 Flammable gases ..........................................................................................

Chapter 2.3 Flammable aerosols ......................................................................................

Chapter 2.4 Oxidizing gases ............................................................................................

Chapter 2.5 Gases under pressure ....................................................................................

Chapter 2.6 Flammable liquids ........................................................................................

Chapter 2.7 Flammable solids ..........................................................................................

Chapter 2.8 Self-reactive substances and mixtures ..........................................................

Chapter 2.9 Pyrophoric liquids ........................................................................................

Chapter 2.10 Pyrophoric solids ..........................................................................................

Chapter 2.1 1 Self-heating substances and mixtures ...........................................................

Chapter 2.12 Substances and mixtures which. in contact with water.

emit flammable gases ...................................................................................

Chapter 2.13 Oxidizing liquids ..........................................................................................

Chapter 2.14 Oxidizing solids ............................................................................................

Chapter 2.15 Organic peroxides .........................................................................................

Chapter 2.16 Corrosive to metals .......................................................................................

 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)

Page

.
Part 3 HEALTH HAZARDS ......................................................................................................... 107

Chapter 3.1 Acute toxicity ............................................................................................... 109

Chapter 3.2 Skin corrosiodirritation ................................................................................ 123

. . .
Chapter 3.3 Serious eye damageleye irritation................................................................. 137

Chapter 3.4 Respiratory or skin sensitization .................................................................. 151

Chapter 3.5 Germ cell mutagenicity ................................................................................ 159

Chapter 3.6 Carcinogenicity............................................................................................. 167

Chapter 3-7 Reproductive toxicity ................................................................................... 175

Chapter 3.8 Specific target organ systemic toxicity - Single exposure ........................... 187

Chapter 3.9 Specific target organ systemic toxicity - Repeated exposure ...................... 199

Chapter 3.10 Aspiration hazard .......................................................................................... 211

.
Part 4 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS ....................................................................................... 217

Chapter 4.1 Hazardous to the aquatic environment ......................................................... 219

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................... 239

Annex l Allocation of label elements ......................................................................... 241

Annex 2 Classification and labelling summary tables ................................................ 265
Annex 3 Precautionary statements and precautionary pictograms .............................. 305
Annex 4 Guidance on the preparation of Safety Data Sheets ..................................... 375
Annex 5 Consumer product labelling based on the likelihood of injury..................... 395
Annex 6 Comprehensibility testing methodology ....................................................... 401
Annex 7 Examples of arrangements of the GHS label elements ................................ 417
Annex 8 An example of classification in the Globally Harmonized System .............. 427
Annex 9 Guidance on hazards to the aquatic environment ......................................... 437
Annex 10 Guidance on transformation/dissolution of metals and
metal compounds in aqueous media ............................................................. 525
 PART l

INTRODUCTION
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 Politics - Summary Sheet
Third 2024 - Academy

Prepared by: Associate Prof. Johnson

Date: July 28, 2025

Results 1: Learning outcomes and objectives

Learning Objective 1: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Study tips and learning strategies
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 3: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Learning Objective 4: Key terms and definitions
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Learning Objective 5: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Current trends and future directions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 7: Best practices and recommendations
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 8: Ethical considerations and implications
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Exercise 2: Practical applications and examples
Practice Problem 10: Practical applications and examples
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 11: Best practices and recommendations
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 13: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 14: Literature review and discussion
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 15: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 20: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Background 3: Best practices and recommendations
Practice Problem 20: Literature review and discussion
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 21: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 22: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 22: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Case studies and real-world applications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 25: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Practical applications and examples
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 27: Best practices and recommendations
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 28: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Best practices and recommendations
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Section 4: Literature review and discussion
Example 30: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 35: Research findings and conclusions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 36: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 37: Study tips and learning strategies
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Module 5: Experimental procedures and results
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 42: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 42: Historical development and evolution
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Literature review and discussion
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 46: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 46: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Research findings and conclusions
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Methodology 6: Ethical considerations and implications
Practice Problem 50: Study tips and learning strategies
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 51: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 53: Study tips and learning strategies
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 54: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Ethical considerations and implications
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 57: Experimental procedures and results
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 58: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 58: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 59: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Background 7: Historical development and evolution
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 61: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 62: Ethical considerations and implications
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 63: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 64: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 65: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Lesson 8: Case studies and real-world applications
Practice Problem 70: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 71: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 72: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 72: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 73: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 73: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 74: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Study tips and learning strategies
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 76: Ethical considerations and implications
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Important: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 79: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Methodology 9: Study tips and learning strategies
Practice Problem 80: Case studies and real-world applications
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Practice Problem 81: Case studies and real-world applications
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 83: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 84: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Ethical considerations and implications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 86: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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