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JBuilder 8.0 JFC and
®

Swing Programming

Chuck Easttom

Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Easttom, Chuck.
JBuilder 8.0 JFC and Swing programming / by Chuck Easttom.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-55622-900-3 (pbk.)
1. Java (Computer program language) 2. JBuilder. 3. Java foundation
classes. 4. Swing (Computer file). 5. Graphical user interfaces
(Computer systems). I. Title.
QA76.73.J38E233 2003
005.13'3--dc21
2003005388
CIP

© 2003, Wordware Publishing, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

2320 Los Rios Boulevard

Plano, Texas 75074

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means

without permission in writing from Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 1-55622-900-3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0403

Borland and JBuilder are trademarks or registered trademarks of Borland Software Corporation in the United States
and other countries.
Java and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and
other countries.
All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective
companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks should not be regarded as intent to
infringe on the property of others. The publisher recognizes and respects all marks used by companies,
manufacturers, and developers as a means to distinguish their products.

All inquiries for volume purchases of this book should be addressed to Wordware
Publishing, Inc., at the above address. Telephone inquiries may be made by
calling:
(972) 423-0090
Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Chapter 1 Introduction to JFC and Swing . . . . . . . . . . 1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JFC/Swing Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Java 2D API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What Is a Pluggable Look and Feel?. . . . . . 4
Accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Drag and Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) . . . . . . . . . 5
Swing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Some Key JFC Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The SwingSet Demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Writing a JFC Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Chapter 2 The Abstract Windowing Toolkit . . . . . . . . 13

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
What Is AWT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Components and Containers in AWT . . . . . . . 15
Types of Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Creating a Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Example 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Example 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Managing Component Layout . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Example 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Event Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Example 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Example 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
A Significant JBuilder Example. . . . . . . . . . . 35
Example 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

iii
Contents

Chapter 3 User Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
JTextField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Example 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
JPasswordField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
JLabel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
JTextArea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Example 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The EditorKit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
JTextPane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
JEditorPane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
JButton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Example 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Chapter 4 Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Layout Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
BorderLayout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
GridLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Example 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
XYLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Example 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
FlowLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
VerticalFlowLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Example 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
BoxLayout2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
CardLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Example 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
OverlayLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
GridbagLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
PaneLayout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Example 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Chapter 5 Container Components . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
JPanel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
JTabbedPane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Example 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
JScrollPane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

iv
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 Contents

Example 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

JSplitPane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Example 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
JBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Chapter 6 Handling Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Listeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Applying Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Anonymous Inner Class Adapters . . . . . . . . 144
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Chapter 7 User Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
JRadioButton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Example 7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
JToggleButton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Example 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
JCheckBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Example 7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
JComboBox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Example 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
JList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Example 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
JSlider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Example 7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Chapter 8 Menus and Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Example 8.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Example 8.2
A Practical Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Example 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

v
Contents

Chapter 9 Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
What Is a Dialog? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Using Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Creating Custom Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Example 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Using the Color Chooser. . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Example 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Using the File Chooser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Example 9.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Chapter 10 The Graphics Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Graphics Class Essentials . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Graphics Class Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Example 10.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
A Practical Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Example 10.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Chapter 11 JFC Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Example 11.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Example 11.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
dbSwing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Chapter 12 JFC Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Applet Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Creating Applets in JBuilder . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Example 12.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Creating Applets with Parameters . . . . . . . . 285
Example 12.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Creating Dual-purpose Applets . . . . . . . . . 293
Example 12.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

vi
 Contents

Chapter 13 Java 2D API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Basics of the Java 2D API . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
The Graphics2D Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Example 13.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Coordinate Spaces and the Graphics2D Class . . 308
The Rendering Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Images and the Java 2D API . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Example 13.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Chapter 14 Threads and Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Thread Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
The Single-Thread Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Using Threads in Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Thread-Safe Applications in JBuilder . . . . . . . 327
Example 14.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Appendix A Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Appendix B JFC/Swing Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Appendix C Answers to Review Questions . . . . . . . . . 341

Appendix D Introduction to Database Programming . . . 355

Appendix E HTML Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

vii
This page intentionally left blank
Acknowledgments

This book has been a lot of work but a lot of fun as well. It
covers a topic that I am really excited about. However, this
could not have been done without the help of a lot of people.
Although only one name appears on the cover of the book as
the author, there were many people who were involved and
helped make this project happen. I would like to take a
moment to acknowledge a few of them here.
First of all I need to thank my wife, Misty, and my son,
A.J. They are always so patient with me when I am working
on a book. Their patience and understanding is what allows
me to write.
Next I want to thank the incredible staff at Wordware
Publishing. The editorial staff does a fantastic job of making
sure I don’t embarrass myself. And they are always patient
with me if I am a bit behind schedule!
Finally I have to thank the fine people at JBuilder. They
have consistently provided me with full access to their
JBuilder product line, including beta versions, allowing me
to get a first look at their products so that I can more thor-
oughly cover them in my books.
Without all of these people helping, this book would sim-
ply not happen. I think this is true for all books; one name
may appear on the cover, but a team was involved in produc-
ing the work.

ix
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