PART B Unit 1: AI Reflection, AI Project Cycle and Ethics

2 Marks

1. What is Artificial Intelligence? Give an example where AI is used in day-to-day life:

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of machines to mimic human intelligence, such as learning,
problem-solving, and decision-making. Example: AI-powered virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa.

2. How can AI be used as a tool to transform the world into a better place?
AI can be used to make the world better by improving productivity, healthcare, education, and
accessibility. AI systems can predict and solve critical problems like climate change, help optimize
resource use, enhance medical diagnosis with Computer Vision and NLP, improve personalized
education, and increase efficiency in various industries. AI can also aid in monitoring
environmental changes and managing large-scale social challenges like poverty and food security.

3. Applications in smartphones that widely use Computer Vision:

 Face Unlock

 Google Lens
 Augmented Reality filters in social media apps (like Snapchat, Instagram)
 Barcode and QR code scanners
 Image search in photo galleries.
4. What is Problem Scoping? What are the steps of Problem Scoping?
Problem scoping involves identifying and defining a problem that needs to be solved using AI. Steps
include:
 Defining the problem (4Ws problem canvas).

 Collecting relevant information to support the problem’s existence.

 Framing a clear goal for the project.
5. Imagine you are responsible to enable farmers from a village to take their produce to the
market for sale. Can you draw a system map that encompasses all the steps and factors
involved?

A system map would include:

 Farmers gathering their produce.

 Transportation methods to the market.

 Market logistics and price monitoring.
 Payment and transaction systems for farmers.
6. Compare Rule-based and Learning-based approach in AI modeling:
 Rule-based AI: Operates on predefined rules. Example: Chess AI that follows specific game
rules.
 Learning-based AI: Learns from data and adapts over time. Example: Self-driving cars that
improve navigation based on experience.

7. What is AI Bias and AI Access?

AI bias is also known as algorithm bias or machine learning bias. AI bias comes when a machine has learnt
incorrectly or incompletely from the given data. For example, if an AI machine is trained based on male photos,
then the machine will not recognize females accurately; here the AI bias will be generated.
AI access can create a gap between the society because AI enable device can be used by only upper class people
because of the cost, here everyone do not have a opportunity to access the AI enable device.

8. What is Data and types?

Data is a representation of facts or instructions about an entity that can be processed or conveyed by a human or a
machine, such as numbers, text, pictures, audio clips, videos, and so on.
There is two type of data –
Structured Data
Unstructured Data

Structured Data – When data is in a standardized format, has a well-defined structure, follows a consistent
order, and is easily accessible by humans and program. This data is in the form of numbers, characters, special
characters etc.
Unstructured Data – Unstructured data is information that doesn’t follow traditional data models and is
therefore difficult to store and manage. Video, audio, and image files, as well as log files, are all examples of
unstructured data.

9. What is dataset?
Dataset is a collection of data in tabular format. Dataset contains numbers or values that are related to a specific
subject. For example, students’ test scores in a class is a dataset.
The dataset is divided into two parts

 Training dataset – Training dataset is a large dataset that teaches a machine learning model.
Machine learning algorithms are trained to make judgments or perform a task through training
datasets. Maximum part of the dataset comes under training data (Usually 80%)
 Test dataset – Data that has been clearly identified for use in tests, usually of a computer
program, is known as test data. 20% of data used in test data.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - 4 marks

1. What are Types of AI?

 2. Explain the AI Project Cycle in detail?
The steps involved in AI project cycle are as given:

1. Problem Scoping

Whenever we begin a new project, we encounter a number of challenges. In fact, we are surrounded
with issues! These issues might be minor or major; sometimes we overlook them, and other times we
require immediate attention.
To understand a problem, determine the different aspects that affect the problem, and define the
project’s goal are problem scoping.

2. Data Acquisition

The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as data acquisition. Data
can be in the form of text, video, photos, audio, and so on, and it can be gathered from a variety of
places such as websites, journals, and newspapers

3. Data Exploration

In order to better understand the nature of the data, data analysts utilize data visualization and statistical
tools to convey dataset characterizations, such as size, amount, and accuracy. Data exploration is a
technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical methods or using graphs.

4. Modelling

Data modeling is a method to create a visual representation that helps to understand how the data is
organized or managed in the organization. An AI model is a program that has been trained to recognize
patterns using a set of data. AI modeling is the process of creating algorithms, also known as models that
may be educated to produce intelligent results. This is the process of programming code to create a
machine artificially. There are two different types of AI model –1.Learning Based 2.Rule Based.

5. Evaluation

After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to determine its efficiency and
performance; this is known as evaluation.
Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on outputs by feeding test dataset
into the model and comparing with actual answers. There can be different Evaluation techniques, depending of the
type and purpose of the model.
1. Accuracy
2. Precision
3. Recall
4. F1 Score.

3. Explain the Domains of Artificial Intelligence?

There are three types of domain in Artificial Intelligence.
 Computer Vision (CV)
 Data Statistics (Data for AI)
 Natural Language Processing (NLP)
1. Computer Vision (CV)
Computer vision allows computers and systems to extract useful information from digital photos, videos, and
other visual inputs. The goal of Computer Vision is to take necessary action after identifying an object or person
in a digital image.

2. Data Statistics (Data for AI)

Data statistics is a collection of facts, observations, or measurements used to analyses the data using mathematical
methods to make decisions. Data statistics is a part of data science and helps the system to collect a large amount
of data, analyses it, interpret it, maintain sets of data, and extract meaning from them using mathematical
formulas.

3. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence. Natural language Processing has the
ability to understand text and spoken words in the same manner that humans can.

5. How to collect the data from dataset?

Surveys – A research method for gathering data from a predetermined sample of respondents in order to get
knowledge and insights into a variety of issues.
Cameras – We can collect visual data with the help of cameras, this data is unstructured data that can be analyzed
via Machine learning.
Web Scraping – Web scraping is also known as data scraping. This method is used in AI to extract data from
websites automatically and efficiently.
Observation – Some of the information we can gather through attentive observation and monitoring.
Sensors – With the help of sensors also we can collect the data. A device that detects or measures a physical
property are called sensors, such as biometric.
Application – An API is a software interface that enables two apps to communicate with one another.

4. What is the use of problem statement template with respect to 4Ws of problem scoping? Draw a
problem statement templates of all key elements?

The 4Ws problem canvas is the basic template while scoping a problem and using this canvas,
the picture becomes clearer while we are working to solve it.
a) Who: The “Who” block helps you in analyzing the people getting affected directly or
indirectly due to it? Under this, you find out who the ‘stakeholders’ to this problem are and
what you know about them. Stakeholders are the people who face this problem and would
be benefitted with the solution.
b) What: Under the “What” block, you need to look into what you have on hand. At this
stage, you need to determine the nature of the problem. What is the problem and how do you
know that it is a problem?
c) Where: In this block, you need to focus on the context/situation/location of the problem.
It will help you look into the situation in which the problem arises, the context of it, and the
locations where it is prominent.
d) Why: in the “Why” canvas, think about the benefits which the stakeholders would get
from the solution and how would it benefit them as well as the society.

5. Applications of Artificial Intelligence?

AI-powered machines are all around us. They are quickly taking over our daily lives and give us the
 convenience of having even the most difficult and time-consuming activities completed at the push of a button
or with the help of a sensor.
1. Google – We use Google to search the internet without realizing how effectively it always
provides us with precise responses. It not only quickly returns the results of our search, but it
also advises and corrects the grammar of our written words.
2. Hey Shiri – These days, we have personal assistants that respond to a single command and
perform numerous tasks. Several popular voice assistants that are an integral component of
our digital devices are Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, and Siri.
3. Google Map – Apps like Uber and Google Maps come in handy for helping us find our
way about. Consequently, it is no longer necessary to stop and ask for directions constantly.
4. FIFA – For its users, AI has significantly improved the gaming experience. Many modern
video games are supported by artificial intelligence (AI), which improves graphics, rates
new challenges for players, etc.
5. Amazon – AI has taken care of our habits, likes, and dislikes in addition to making our lives
easier. Because of this, services like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, and YouTube, among others,
display recommendations based on our preferences.
6. Social Media – The recommendations, however, go beyond simply reflecting our
preferences; they also take into account our desire to interact with friends via social media
networks like Facebook and Instagram. Additionally, they provide us personalised
notifications about our online buying information, construct playlists automatically based
on our demands, and more. Selfies have never been more enjoyable because of Snapchat’s
amazing filters.
7. Health App – That’s not everything. Our health is also being tracked by AI. There are many
chatbots and other health apps available that continuously track their users’ physical and
emotional wellbeing.
8. Humanoid – These applications range from smart devices, such as Sophia, the first
humanoid robot intelligent enough to obtain citizenship, to humanoids, biometric security
systems, such as the face locks we have on our phones, real-time language translators,
weather predictions, and other things. If we keep adding things up, this module would
never end because the list is so long. Take some time, have a conversation with a friend,
and start noticing more and more AI uses in your environment.

MCQS
1. Which one of the following is an application of AI?
a. Remote controlled Drone
b. Self-Driving Car
c. Self-Service Kiosk
d. Self-Watering Plant System
Answer- b. Self-Driving Car
2. This field is enabling computers to identify and process images as humans do?
a. Face Recognition
b. Model-view-controller
c. Computer Vision
d. Eye-in-Hand System
Answer - c. Computer Vision
3. What does NLP stand for in AI?
a. Neutral Learning Projection
b. Neuro-Linguistic Programming
c. Natural Language Processing
d. Neural Logic Presentation
Answer - c.Natural Language Processing
4. Which of the following is not a domain of artificial intelligence?
a. Data Management System
b. Computer Vision
c. Natural Language Processing
d. Data Science
Answer -a. Data Management System.
5. Which of the following is not valid for Data Acquisition?
a. Web scraping
b. Surveys
c. Sensors
d. Announcements
Answer-d. Announcements
6. Rearrange the steps of AI project cycle in correct order?
a. Data Acquisition
b. Problem Scoping
c. Modelling
d. Data Exploration
e. Deployment
f. Evaluation
Answer -b. Problem Scoping → a. Data Acquisition → d. Data Exploration → c. Modelling → f. Evaluation →
e. Deployment
7. The primary purpose of data exploration in AI project cycle is?
a. To make data more complicated
b. To simplify complex data
c. To discover patterns and insights in data
d. To visualize data
Answer-c. To discover patterns and insights in data
8. The guiding principles to decide what is good or bad is known as _?
Answer-Ethics
9. Artificial Intelligence and machine learning systems can display unfair behaviour if not trained properly.
(True/False)?
a. True
b. False
Answer -a. True
10. The AI Project Cycle is a ____________ that a company must follow in order to derive value from an AI
project and to solve the problem.
a. Step-by-step process
b. Random process
c. Reverse process
d. None of the above
Answer-a. Step-by-step process.
11. Give the example of a source where you can acquire the data?
a. Sustainable development goals
b. Environment
c. Agriculture
d. All of the above
Answer -d. All of the above
12. What are the different types of data __________?
a. Structured Data
b. Unstructured Data
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
Answer -c. Both a) and b)
13. __________ dataset is a large dataset that is used for teaching a machine learning model?
a. Training dataset
b. Test dataset
c. Both a) and b)
d. None of the above
Answer -a. Training dataset
14. Machines have an abilities to learn from the experience or data?
a. Artificial Intelligence
b. Machine Learning
c. Deep Learning
d. None of the above
Answer -b. Machine Learning
15. Type of AI model are _____________?
a. Lesson Based and Rood Based
b. Learning Based and Rule Based
c. Machine Learning and Visualization
d. None of the above
Answer-b. Learning Based and Rule Based
16. Who is the “Father of Artificial Intelligence”?
a. Fisher Ada
b. Alan Turing
c. John McCarthy
d. Allen Newell
Answer-c. John McCarthy
17. Natural language processing is an area of artificial intelligence that focuses on assisting computers in
understanding?
a. How humans write and communicate
b. How humans work in organization
c. How humans Use a AI Device
d. None of the above
Answer -a. How humans write and communicate
18. Ethical Challenges in Artificial Intelligence?
a. Cost to Innovation
b. Lack of quality data
c. Bias and discrimination
d. All of the above
Answer -d. All of the above
19. What are the companies that make use of AI?
a. Google
b. Apple
c. Amazon
d. All of the above
Answer -d. All of the above
20. What skills required when you are working as AI professional?
a. Training to become an expertise
b. Good knowledge of Math and Science
c. Required Programming Languages
d. All of the above
Answer-d. All of the above