INDIAN LEARNERS’ OWN

ACADEMY
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Gas detector

NAME : Milan Thomas

CLASS : XII- A
ROLL NO. :
YEAR : 2025-2026
 INDIAN LEARNERS’ OWN ACADEMY
KUWAIT

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Milan Thomas of Class XII – A, Roll No.

has satisfactorily completed the Project
Synopsis in Physics for the SSCE as prescribed by the CBSE
in the year 2025-26.
Internal Examiner Principal
Mrs. Jaseela Naufal Mrs. Asha Sharma

Signature: …………………… Signature: ……………………

External Examiner

…………………………………

Signature: …………………… SCHOOL SEAL

 ACKNOWELDGEMENT

I undertook this project work as the part of my class XII

Physics subject. I tried to apply my best knowledge and
experience, that I gained during the study and classwork.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks and gratitude to
my teacher Mrs. Jaseela Naufal who has helped me in the
completion of this project. I am much indebted to our
principal Mrs. Asha Sharma for the moral support she has
shown during the course of this project.
I would like to take the opportunity to thank my parents
for being a source of inspiration and providing time and
freedom to develop this project.
 DECLARATION

I, Milan Thomas hereby declare that the project work

entitled ‘Gas detector’ is a record of original work done by
me, under the guidance of Tr. Mrs. Jaseela Naufal.

1
 INDEX

INTRODUCTION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS

WORKING PRINCIPLE

PRECAUTIONS

ADVANTAGES OF GAS
DETECTOR

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

2
 INTRODUCTION

Gas leakage is a serious problem and nowadays it is observed

in many places like residences, industries, and vehicles like
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, car, etc. It is noticed
that due to gas leakage, dangerous accidents occur. The
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or propane, is a flammable
mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in many applications
like homes, hostels, industries, automobiles, and vehicles
because of its desirable properties which include high calorific
value, less smoke, less soot, and major harm to the
environment. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is highly
inflammable and can burn even at some distance from the
source of leakage. This energy source is primarily composed of
propane and butane which are highly flammable chemical
compounds. These gases can catch fire easily. In homes, LPG
is used mainly for cooking purposes. When a leak occurs, the
leaked gases may lead to an explosion. Gas leakage leads to
various accidents resulting in both material loss and human
lives and properties have been growing in recent years. The
risks of explosions, fire, suffocation are based on their physical
properties such toxicity, flammability, etc.
The number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has
been increasing in recent years. The Bhopal gas tragedy is an
example of accidents due to gas leakage. The reason for such
explosions is due to substandard cylinders, old valves, no
regular

1
checking of gas cylinders, worn out regulators and a lack of
awareness of handling gas cylinders.

Therefore, gas leakage should be detected and controlled to

protect people from danger. An odorant such as ethane thiol is
added to LPG, so that leaks can be detected easily by most
people. However, some people who have a reduced sense of
smell may not be able to rely upon this inherent safety
mechanism. A gas leakage detector becomes vital and helps to
protect people from the dangers of gas leakage. There are
different types of gas detection techniques used. In this paper a
low – cost advanced sensor – based gas leakage detector, alert
and control system is proposed and discussed. The system is
very efficient, user friendly portable, small in size and cost
effective.

2
Circuit Diagram

3
 COMPONENTS
 MQ 2 GAS sensor
 Arduino uno
 Breadboard
 Jumper wire
 12C module
 LCD display

4
MQ 2 GAS SENSOR:
The MQ2 sensor is one of the most widely used in the MQ sensor series.
It is a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. Metal oxide sensors are
also known as Chemiresistors because sensing is based on the change
in resistance of the sensing material when exposed to gasses.

The MQ2 gas sensor operates on 5V DC and consumes approximately

800mW. It can
detect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon
Monoxide concentrations ranging from 200 to 10000 ppm.

5
ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source
microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This
board can be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi
boards and can control relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an output.

6
BREADBOARD:
A breadboard allows for easy and quick creation of temporary electronic
circuits or to carry out experiments with circuit design. Breadboards
enable developers to easily connect components or wires thanks to the
rows and columns of internally connected spring clips underneath the
perforated plastic enclosure.

JUMPER WIRE:
Jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for printed
circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and
short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit.

By placing the jumper wire on the circuit, it becomes possible to control the electricity,
stop the operation of the circuit, and operate a circuit that does not operate with
ordinary wiring.

7
 Working Principle
When this sensor is powered on, the tin dioxide heats up
to a high temperature. At that point, oxygen is absorbed
to the surface. Then, when the gas we are measuring is
brought close to this sensor, it reacts with the tin dioxide
to reduce the surface absorption of oxygen. After, the
electrons are released into the tin dioxide. Then the
current flows freely. In this case, the resistance difference
can be received as an analog or digital value through the
voltage divider circuit in the module to which this sensor
is connected.

8
 PRECAUTIONS
 Do not install it in high temperature, high humidity
environment, so as not to affect the detection accuracy of
home gas detector.
 Please buy regular gas detector which has safety
certification, high quality to ensure safety.
 Keep the doors and windows of your kitchen open for
proper ventilation.
 Do not place flammable or plastic items near the flame.
 Never leave your cooking unattended.
 Close the regulator knob to OFF position when cylinder
is not in use.

9
 ADVANTAGES OF THE GAS DETECTION
SYSTEM
 You can monitor the amount of gases in your
environment.
 Can escape from higher chances of poisoning,
explosion, fire or asphyxiation.
 Get real time- alerts about the gaseous presence in
the atmosphere
 Preventing the fire hazards and explosion
 Supervise gas concentration levels
 Ensure workers’ health
 Real-time update about leakage
 Cost-efficient installation
 Data analytics for improved decision
 Measure oxygen level accuracy
 Get immediate gas leak alerts

10
 CONCLUSION
The design of a sensor-based automatic gas leakage detector
with an alert and control system has been proposed and
discussed in this paper. This is a low-cost, low power,
lightweight, portable, safe, user friendly, efficient, multi
featured and simple system device for detecting gas. Gas
leakage detection will not only provide us with significance in
the health department but it will also lead to raise our economy,
because when gas leaks it not only contaminates the
atmosphere but also wastage of gases will hurt our economy.
The proposed system will cost only USD 10 which is easily
affordable even for poor people. In the open literature it is
noticed that much work has not been done for a smart gas
detection system. In future, more advanced features will be
integrated with this system which will provide users with more
safety and relaxation. The proliferation of handheld devices has
led to developments in the field of smart gas sensors, which has
considerably widened their scope of application. The need for
ensuring safety in workplaces is expected to be the key driving
force for the market over the coming years.

11
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://lastminuteengineers.com/mq2-gas-senser-arduino-
tutorial/
 How to use MQ2 gas sensor with Arduino | Step by
step instructions - SriTu Hobby
 Fabio Sauli's "Gaseous Radiation Detectors"
 Breadboard - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

12