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The Cambridge Companion To The Dutch Golden Age First Edition. Edition Helmer J. Helmers Full Access

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The Cambridge Companion to
the Dutch Golden Age

During the seventeenth century, the Dutch Republic was transformed into a leading
political power in Europe, with global trading interests. It nurtured some of the
period’s greatest luminaries, including Rembrandt, Vermeer, Descartes, and Spinoza.
Long celebrated for its religious tolerance, artistic innovation, and economic
modernity, the United Provinces of the Netherlands also became known for their
involvement with slavery and military repression in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
This Companion provides a compelling overview of the best scholarship on this much
debated era, written by a wide range of experts in the field. Unique in their balanced
treatment of global, political, socio-economic, literary, artistic, religious, and
intellectual history, its nineteen chapters offer an indispensable guide for anyone
interested in the world of the Dutch Golden Age.

helmer j. helmers is assistant professor in early modern Dutch literature and


culture at the University of Amsterdam. His previous publications include The Royalist
Republic: Literature, Politics, and Religion in the Anglo-Dutch Public Sphere, 1639–1660
(Cambridge, 2015).

geert h. janssen is professor of early modern history at the University of


Amsterdam. He is the author of The Dutch Revolt and Catholic Exile in Reformation Europe
(Cambridge, 2014) and Princely Power in the Dutch Republic: Patronage and William Frederick
of Nassau, 1613–1664 (2008).
Cambridge Companions to Culture

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Edited by Yoshio Sugimoto
The Cambridge Companion to
the Dutch Golden Age

Edited by

H E L M E R J. H E L M E R S
University of Amsterdam

GEERT H. JANSSEN
University of Amsterdam
University Printing House, Cambridge cb2 8bs, United Kingdom
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Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.


It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of
education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107172265
doi: 10.1017/9781316771549
© Cambridge University Press 2018
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2018
Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow, Cornwall
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
isbn 978-1-107-17226-5 Hardback
isbn 978-1-316-62353-4 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy
of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication
and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain,
accurate or appropriate.
Contents

List of Figures page viii


List of Tables x
List of Contributors xi
Acknowledgements xiv
Notes on Terminology xv
Chronology of the Dutch Golden Age xvi
Maps xxi

Introduction: Understanding the Dutch Golden Age 1


helmer j. helmers and geert h. janssen

Part I Space and People 13

1 Urbanization 15
maarten prak

2 Water and Land 32


j. l . p r i c e

3 Migration 49
geert h. janssen

Part II A State of War 67

4 The Armed Forces 69


pepijn brandon

5 The Cult and Memory of War and Violence 87


judith pollmann

Part III Political Culture 105

6 The Body Politic 107


david onnekink
vi Contents

7 Popular Participation and Public Debate 124


h e l m e r j. h e l m e r s

Part IV Economy and Trade 147


8 A Market Economy 149
danielle van den heuvel

9 Global Trade 166


michiel van groesen

Part V Religious Culture 187

10 Reformed Protestantism 189


charles h. parker

11 Religious Tolerance 208


christine kooi

12 Spiritual Culture 225


angela vanhaelen

Part VI Art and Literature 247


13 The Markets for Art, Books, and Luxury Goods 249
claartje rasterhoff

14 Genre Painting 268


wayne franits

15 The World of Literature 289


theo hermans

16 Dutch Classicism in Europe 308


stijn bussels

Part VII Realms of Knowledge 331

17 Education 333
dirk van miert

18 Science and Technology 350


harold j. cook

19 Radical Thought 370


jonathan israel
Contents vii

Epilogue: The Legacy of the Dutch Golden Age 390


h e l m e r j. h e l m e r s a n d g e e r t h . j a n s s e n

Glossary 400
Further Reading 402
Index 414
Figures

0.1 Dirck Hals, Garden Party, 1627, Rijksmuseum page 5


1.1 Jacob van Ruysdael, View of Haarlem, 1650s, Rijksmuseum 26
2.1 Jan Asselijn, Breach of St Anthony’s Dyke, 1651, Rijksmuseum 37
3.1 Jan Mijtens, Portrait of Margaretha van Raephorst, 1668,
Rijksmuseum 63
4.1 Timeline of armed conflicts in Europe involving the
Dutch Republic 74
5.1 Anonymous, The Massacre of Naarden, c. 1615, memorial plaque on the
façade of the Spanish House in Naarden. Photo: Mart Hagenbeek,
www.gevelstenen.net/kerninventarisatie 94
5.2 Frans Bruynen, Tandem Fit Surculus Arbor, allegorical print, 1627,
Rijksbureau Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD) 98
7.1 Salomon Savery (attr.), ‘Op de Waeg-schael’, 1618, Rijksmuseum 144
8.1 Nicolaes Maes, The Spinner, 1650s, Rijksmuseum 150
8.2 Centsprent Westfaalse Geesje, 1760s, Rijksmuseum 158
9.1 Hendrik Vroom, The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the
East Indies, 1599, Rijksmuseum 168
9.2 Anonymous, City plan of Batavia, 1681, Nationaal archief, The
Hague 177
9.3 Anonymous, City plan of Recife, s.d., Nationaal archief,
The Hague 177
9.4 Zacharias Wagner, Slave Market at Recife, 1630s–1640s, Stiftung
Preußischer Kulturbesitz 181
11.1 Rembrandt, The Syndics, 1662, Rijksmuseum 222
12.1 Emanuel de Witte, Portuguese Synagogue, 1680, Rijksmuseum 227
12.2 Gerrit Berckheyde, Dam Square, 1672, Rijksmuseum 230
12.3 Elias Scerpswert, Bust of Saint Frederick, 1362, Rijksmuseum 236
12.4 Anonymous, Niche commemorating the Heilige Stede, Amsterdam.
Author's photograph 238
12.5 Jan van der Heyden, Room Corner with Curiosities, 1712, Museum of Fine
Arts, Budapest 243
List of Figures ix

13.1 Estimates of the number of painters and publishers active


in the Dutch Republic, 1580–1700 (five-year moving average,
semi-logarithmic scale) 251
13.2 Device of the Amsterdam printer Iohannes van den Berg in Laurens
van Zanten, Spiegel der gedenckweerdighste wonderen en geschiedenissen onses
tijds, 1661, Royal Library, The Hague 259
13.3 Esaias van de Velde, A View in the Dunes, 1629, Rijksmuseum 260
14.1 Gerrit van Honthorst, Allegory of Lust, 1628, Private collection 270
14.2 Gerard ter Borch, Curiosity, c. 1660, Metropolitan Museum of Art 271
14.3 Pieter de Hooch, A Mother with Her Children and a Servant, c. 1675,
private collection 273
14.4 David Vinckboons, Country Fair, c. 1629, Mauritshuis 274
14.5 Jacob Ochtervelt, Musical Company in an Interior, c. 1670, Cleveland
Museum of Art 277
14.6 Adriaen van Ostade, Carousing Peasants, c. 1635, private collection 279
14.7 Adriaen van Ostade, Interior of a Peasant Cottage, 1661, private
collection 280
14.8 Adriaen van Ostade, Family Saying Grace, 1653, Rijksmuseum 282
14.9 Johannes Vermeer, The Lacemaker, c. 1670–1, Musée du Louvre, Paris.
Photo copyright RMN-Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY 285
16.1 Jan Matthysz after Pieter Jansz Post, Sectional View of Huis ten Bosch,
1655, Rijksmuseum 309
16.2 Gerard van Honthorst, Amalia and Her Daughters, Oranjezaal, 1650s,
Koninklijke Verzamelingen, The Hague 310
16.3 Jacob Jordaens, Frederick Henry as a Roman triumphator, 1650s,
Koninklijke verzamelingen, The Hague 311
16.4 Anonymous, View of Meat Market in Haarlem, 1855, Rijksmuseum 317
16.5 Theodor Matham, Front Sight of the House of Constantijn Huygens, 1639,
Rijksmuseum 319
16.6 Façade of the Riddarhuset, 1641–7, photo by Ankara (Wikimedia
Commons) 320
16.7 Rembrandt, Female Nude, Sitting on a Platform, 1629–33,
Rijksmuseum 324
17.1 Detail of the title page of Le Gazophylace De la Langue Françoise et
Flamende, dat is Schat-kamer der Nederduytsche en Francoysche Tale, 1654,
Universiteitsbibliotheek Amsterdam 340
20.1 Johannes Vermeer, Milkmaid, c. 1660, Rijksmueum 391
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