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Who, amongst the following, was the earliest to

I ntroduction attempt a more scientific basis of classification?
1. Aristotle
! The five kingdom classification was proposed by 2. John Ray
3. Tournefort
1. R. H. Whittaker 4. Linnaeus
2. C. Linnaeus
3. A. Roxberg Kingdom Monera in Whittaker’s Five Kingdom
4. Virchow
classification is not characterized by:
1 In Linnaeus’ time, the number of Kingdoms of living 1. Prokaryote cell type
2. Cellulosic cell wall
organisms was 3. Absence of nuclear membrane
|l. 2 2. 3 4. Cellular body organization
3-4 4. 5
j | Phylogenetic classification is based on:
| In the Two Kingdom classification, the Kingdom 1. Morphological similarities
Plantae was erroneous with some major issues that 2. Physiological similarities
include: 3. Reproductive similarities
I. Placing bacteria and blue green algae with eukaryotic 4. Evolutionary relationships
groups
II. Grouping together the unicellular organisms with Whittaker’s Five Kingdom classification,
multicellular ones heterotrophic mode of nutrition is present in members of:
III. Placing heterotrophic fungi with autotrophic plants 1. Two kingdoms
1 .1 and II only 2. Three kingdoms
2 .1 and III only 3. Four kingdoms
3. II and III only 4. Five kingdoms
4 .1, II and III
Which of the following organisms, earlier placed in
Identify the Viruses A and B in the given diagram:
Animal Kingdom, is placed under Kingdom Protista in
Whittaker’s classification?
1. Ameoba proteus
Spike (St & S2) 2. Chlamydomonas
Nucleocapsid
(N)
3. Gonyaulax
Mem brane 4. Chlorella
(M )

Envelope The main criteria for classification used by Whittaker

Pi
protease
(E)

Reverse
(+) included all the following, except:
transcriptase
proteins 1. Cell structure and body organization
2. Mode of nutrition
A B 3. Mode of reproduction
1. SarsCoV2 HIV 4. Mode of locomotion
HIV SarsCoV2
r HSV 1 HSV 2
3.
4. HBV HAV

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14 The vast majority of bacteria are:

K ingdom M onera 1. Heterotrophs 2. Photoautotrophs
3. Chemosynthetic autotrophs 4. Methanotrophs
Match the bacteria in Column I with its shape in
Column II and select the correct option from the codes
given below:_____________________________________ A rchaebacteria
COLUM N I C O L U M N II
A Bacillus a Rod meuranogens are commonly present in:
B Coccus b Spherical 1. Alimentary canal of the lower invertebrates
C Spirilla c Spiral 2. Symbiotic relationships with xerophytic plants
D Vibrio d Comma 3. Gut of ruminant animals
Codes 4. Close associations with corals
A B C D Halophiles are archaebacteria adapted to extreme:
1. a b c d
1. Hot habitats
2. b a c d
2. Saline habitats
3. a d c b 3. Marshy habitats
4. b a d c 4. Cold habitats

12 As a group the most extensive metabolic diversity is Both Archaebacteria and Eubacteria:
shown by: I. have a similar structure of cell wall
1. Bacteria 2. Protista II. are members of Kingdom Monera
3. Fungi 4. Animals 1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
13 Bacteria are of varied shapes. Identify the correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
match for A, B and C in the given figure:
Cyanobacteria:
I. are eubacteria
II. have chlorophyll a similar to green plants
III. can fix atmospheric nitrogen
1. Only III is correct
2. Only I and II are correct
A B C
3. Only II and III are correct
1. Spirocheate Streptobacillus Staphylococcus
4 . 1, II and III are correct
2. Vibrios Staphylobacillus Streptococcus
3. Vibrios Streptobacillus Staphylococcus
4. Spirochaete Staphylobacillus Streptococcus

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Cyanobacteria: Which of the following does not relate to

I. are also referred to as ‘blue green algae’. heterotrophic bacteria?
II. are photosynthetic autotrophs with chlorophyll a 1. They are important decomposers.
similar to green plants. 2. They are helpful in making curd from milk, production
III. often form blooms in polluted water bodies. of antibiotics and fixing nitrogen in legume roots.
IV. some of them can fix atmospheric nitrogen in 3. Some are pathogens causing damage to human beings,
specialised cells called hetrocysts. crops, farm animals and pets.
In light of the above given statements:________________ 4. Almost all help in recycling nutrients like nitrogen,
Only I, II and IV are correct Only I, II and III are correct phosphorus, iron and sulphur.
All statements are correct Only I and III are correct
In NCERT textbook which of the following are not
included in Kingdom Protista?
E ubacteria 1. Chrysophytes
2. Dinoflagellates
3. Protozoa
Chemosynthestic autotrophic bacteria: 4. Blue green algae
I. Produce ATP by oxidizing inorganic substances
II. Play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, Identify the correct statement regarding the given
rhosphorus, iron and sulfur_________________________ figure:
1. Both I and II are correct 2. Only I is correct
3. Only II is correct 4. Both I and II are incorrect

Identify the incorrect statement regarding true

bacteria?
1. As a group, they exhibit maximum metabolic diversity.
2. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria play a great role
in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and
sulphur.
3. Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant in nature.
4. Bacteria reproduce mainly by fission but sometimes
under favourable conditions, they produce spores.

Which of the following plant diseases in not caused

by a fungus?
1. Late blight of potato
2. Loose smut of wheat
3. Canker in citrus I: It shows Nostoc - a filamentous blue green alga.
4. Powdery mildew of grape vine II: The arrow shows specialised cell for fixing
atmospheric nitrogen called heterocyst.
H 3 Consider the given two statements: 1 .1 is correct but II is incorrect
I. Mycoplasma are naturally resistant to antibiotics that 2 .1 is incorrect but II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
rarget cell wall synthesis
II. They are the smallest bacteria discovered yet 4. Both I and II are incorrect
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3 .1 is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect

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k/T ROTISTA DINOFLAGELLATES

Chrysophytes: The phenomenon of red tides is associated with
I. include diatoms and desmids rlooms of:
II. are found only in marine water 1. Zooxanthelle 2. Gonyaulax
III. are planktonic 3. Blue green algae 4. Ctenoplana and Berne
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct Identify the incorrect statement regarding
3. Only II and III are correct
4 . 1, II and III are correct Euglenoids:
1. Majority are found in fresh stagnant water
2. Presence of two flagella
C hrysophytes 3. Behave as heterotrophs when deprived of sunlight
4. Pigments entirely different from those found in higher
plants
P ill The chief producers in the oceans are:
1. Floating hydrophytes
2. Blue green algae E uglenoids
3. Desmids
4. Diatoms The body of Euglenoids is flexible because of
The cell walls of diatoms are ‘indestructible’ as they presence of:
1. a cell wall made up of pseudopeptidoglycan
are embedded with:
2. a protein rich pellicle and absence of cell wall
1. Silica
3. a phosphate ether bonding in phospholipids in cell
2. Chitin
membrane
3. Calcium
4. lipopolysaccharide layer in the outer cell wall
4. Raphides
Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and saprophytic
Which of the following is not a characteristic of
are the characteristics o:e
dinoflagellates?
1. Monera |2. Protista
1. Mostly fresh water and photosynthetic
2. Cell wall with stiff cellulosic plates 3. Fungi 4. Slime molds
3. Two flagella
4. Various colored pigments in the cell jjfffl The given figure shows an organism capable of
causing ret tides in water bodies that adversely affect the
31 The given figure shows the architecture of the cell aquatic life. This organism can be:
wall of:

1. Archaebacteria
2. Gram positive bacteria
3. Diatoms
4. Dinoflagellates

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S lime M oulds P rotozoans

The saprophytic protists are: African sleeping sickness is caused by a/an:
1. Slime moulds 2. Protozoans 1. Amoeboid protozoan
3. Desmids 4. Dinoflagellates 2. Flagellated protozoan
3. Ciliated protozoan
Consider the given statements regarding slime 4. Sporozoan
moulds: Match each item in Column I with one in Column II
Statement I: Under unfavourable conditions they form a
olasmodium. anc choose the correct answer from the codes given:
Statement II: During favourable conditions, the COLUM N I C O L U M N II
plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies A Entamoeba a Flagellated protozoan
bearing spores at their tips. B Trypanosoma b Amoeboid protozoan
Statement III: The spores bear true walls. C Paramecium c Non motile protozoan
Statement IV: The spores are dispersed by water.
D Plasmodium d Ciliated protozoan
1. Only Statement I and Statement II are correct
Codes
2. Only Statement III is correct
3. All statements are incorrect A B C D
4. Only Statement III and Statement IV are correct 1. a b c d
2. b a c d
| The major criteria used for classification of 3. a b d c
Protozoans is: 4. b a d c
1. Nature of cell envelope
2. Mode of locomotion Identify the incorrect statement regarding body
3. Mode of heterotrophic nutrition
organization in fungi:
4. Habitat
1. With the exception of yeast, fungi are filamentous.
What would be true for the pathogen seen in the 2. Their bodies consist of long slender hyphae that may
be coenocytic or septate.
given slide of peripheral blood from a patient suffering 3. The network of hyphae is known as the mycelium.
from a certain disease? 4. The cell walls of fungi lack chitin and polysachharides.
I. The pathogen is Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
II. It causes African Sleeping Sickness. Protists that do not include any photosynthetic
members are:
I. Euglenoids
II. Slime moulds
III. Protozoans
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both II and III
4 . 1, II and III

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A ‘dikaryon’ stage is seen in the members of:

K ingdom F ungi 1. Ascomycetes and Phycomycetes
2. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
Which of the following is not used in asexual 3. Basidiomycetes and Phycomycetes
4. Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes
reproduction in fungi?
1. Conidia The basis of classification for the division of
2. Sporangiospores
Kingdom Fungi into various classes includes all the .
3. Zoospores
following except:
4. Ascospores
1. Morphology of the mycelium
An association between roots of higher plants and 2. Mode of spore formation
3. Types of pigments present
fungi is called 4. Fruiting bodies
1. Lichen
2. Fern A symbiotic relation between fungi and the roots of
3. Mycorrhiza
4. BGA higher plants is called as:
1. Lichen
With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose the 2. Mycorrhiza
3. Amensal
correct sequence of events 4. Proto-cooperation
1. Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis
2. Meiosis, Plasmogamy and Karyogamy fff§ Yeast is unique amongst the members of Kingdom
3. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis
Fungi because it:
4. Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy
1. reproduces by ascospores
Fungi can be distinguished from other living 2. is unicellular
3. does not have a chitinous cell wall
organisms by 4. does not have a sexual mode of reproduction
1. Presence of chitinous cell wall
2. Structure of cell membrane Members of phycomycetes are found
3. Mode of nutrition
4. Multicellular body organization i. In aquatic habitats
ii. On decaying wood
Asexual reproduction in fungi takes place by: iii. In moist and damp places
iv. As obligate parasites on plant
1. Fragmentation Choose from the following options’
2. Fission
1. None of the above 2. i and iv
3. Budding
4. Spores 3. ii and iii 4. All of the above

Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes have many You discover a new fungus. On careful examination
homologies. All the following will be true but: you find that the mycelium is septate and branched, they
1. Binucleate ascogenous hyphae of ascomyctes and reproduce asexually by conidia and you cannot identify
binucleate secondary hyphae of basidiomycetes any sexual stage in its life cycle. To which fungal class
2. Ascospore and basidiospore would you place this fungus?
3. Hook and crosier method in ascomycetes and clamp 1. Phycomycetes 2. Ascomycetes
connection in basidiomycetes 3. Basidiomycetes 4. Deuteromycetes
4. Conidia in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

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Morels and truffles are edible fungi belonging to the

P hycomycetes class:
1. Phycomycetes
fflj Which of the following is not true for fungi 2. Ascomycetes
3. Basidiomycetes
belonging to the class Phycomycetes? 4. Deuteromycetes
1. Aspetate and coenocytic mycelium
2. Spores endogenously produced in sporangium
3. Asexual reproduction by nonmotile zoospores or A scomycetes
motile aplanospores
4. Found in aquatic habitats, decaying wood or as
obligate parasites on plants A fungus used extensively in biochemical and
genetic work is:
Mucor, Rhizopus [the bread mould] and Albugo [the
1. Neurospora
parasitic fungi on mustard] belong to: 2. Trichoderma
1. Phycomycetes 2. Ascomycetes 3. Paecilomyces
3. Basidiomycetes 4. Deuteromycetes 4. Streptomyces

| j f l Given below is a schematic representation of the Which of the following is not a character of

events in the life cycle of Rhizopus. Find the correct Ascomycetes?

~atch for A-D: 1. Mycelium is unbranched and septate
2. Asexual spores conidia are produced exogenously
3. Sexual spores called ascospores are produced
endogenously
4. Conidia on germination produce mycelium
Gametangia with Young /
haploid nuclei zygosporangium
(heterokaryotic) — What is not true regarding the sexual reproduction in
Sexual basidiomycetes?
Reproduction
1. Sex organs are well developed
Sporangium 2. Plasmogamy brought about by fusion of two vegetative
or somatic cells of different strains or genotypes
&
3. Karyogamy and meiosis takes place in basidium
Diploid
nuclei
producing four basidiospores
4. Basidiospores are produced exogenously on the
basidium
Spores
©
Asexual \ Dispersal
reproduction J ancj
B asidiomycetes
germination

64 Rusts and Smuts are the fungi that belong to:

A B C D 1. Phycomycetes 2. Ascomycetes
k Plasmogam Karyogamy Meiosis Sporangia 3. Basidiomycetes 4. Deuteromycetes
2. Karyogamy Plasmogamy Meiosis Sporangia
Plasmogam} Karyogamy Mitosis Conidiophores
i3‘
4. Karyogamy Plasmogamy Mitosis Conidiophores

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Which of the following is not a feature of the

members of the class Basidiomycetes? D euterqmyc etes
1. Branched and septate mycelium
2. Asexual spores are generally not formed Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma belong
3. Vegetative reproduction not seen
4. Dikaryon stage commonly seen to the class:
1. Phycomycetes 2. Ascomycetes
jpffg Deuteromycetes are also called as Fungi imperfecti 3. Basidiomycetes 4. Deuteromycetes
because:
1. They do not have a thalloid body Which of the following is not true regarding
2. They can contain chlorophyll members of Dueteromycetes?
3. There are no parasitic members 1. Mycelium is septate and branched
4. Sexual phases are not known 2. Many are decomposers and help in mineral cycling.
3. They reproduce only by asexual spores called as
Given below is a schematic representation of the conidia.
events in the life cycle of a fungus belonging to 4. They include Agaricus, Claviceps and Colletotrichum.
Basidiomycetes. Identify the correct statements:
Amongst the plants:
mating type Dikaryotic
mycelium
Basidiocarp
(dikaryotic)
I. Bladderwort and Venus flytrap are insectivorous.
,y . II. Cuscuta is parasitic.
♦ mating type
Haploid
mycelia
-'
*1*
Gills lined sV
with basidia
1. Only I is correct
Dispersal
and j
j •/
2. Only II is correct
Dikaryotic
germination / ~ Sexual
mycelium 3. Both I and II are correct
Reproduction
Basidium with
4. Both I and II are incorrect
^Basidium containing
four haploid nuclei
(dikaryotic)

K ingdom P lantae
Basidium

mmm
Basidiospore Diploid
nuclei
Which of the following will not be true for members
of Kingdom Animal ia?
1. They all are multicellular
Statement I: A is karyogamy; B is plasmogamy and C is 2. Mode of nutrition is heterotrophic - holozoic
meiosis. 3. Most are capable of locomotion
Statement II: Though not shown in the figure the fungi 4. They do not follow a definite growth plan
belonging to this class reproduced extensively by asexual
methods involving conidia.
1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect K ingdom A nimalia
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Which statement is wrong for viruses
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
1. All are parasites
2. All of them have helical symmetry
3. They have ability to synthesize nucleic acids and
proteins
4. Antibiotics have no effect on them

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Bacteriophages are:
V irus, \ iroids, P rions & 1. Bacteria infecting ss RNA viruses
L ichens 2. Bacteria infecting ds RNA vimses
3. Vimses that infect bacteria and generally have ds DNA
4. Vimses that infect bacteria and generally have ds RNA
73 Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by
Which of the following is not a viral disease?
1. D. J. Ivanowsky 2. M. W. Beijerinek
3. Stanley 4. Robert Hooke 1. Influenza
2. Yellow fever
Viruses are non-cellular organisms but replicate 3. Japanese encephalitis
4. Kala azar
themselves once they infect the host cell. To which of the
ollowing kingdom do viruses belong?________________ Which of the following would best describe a vims?
1. Monera 2. Protista
1. Non cellular organization, crystalline inert structure in
3. Fungi 4. None of the above a living cell
2. Non cellular organization, crystalline inert structure
Identify the incorrectly matched pairs: outside a living cell
I. Louis Pasteur: Gave the name vims 3. Cellular organization, crystalline inert structure in a
II. D. J Ivanowsky: Recognized the causal agents of living cell
mosaicism in tobacco to be larger than bacteria 4. Cellular organization, crystalline inert structure outside
III. M. W. Beijerinek Contagium vivum fluidum a living cell
IV. W. M. Stanley: Discovered HIV
1 .1 and III The figure shows potato affected by certain disease.
2 .1 and II The affected plants are stunted, tubers may be small,
3. Ill and IV elongated, cylindrical, spindle or dumb-bell-shaped, with
4. II and IV prominent eyes evenly distributed over the tuber, and
cracking. What will be tme for the given figure?
U In general, the viruses that infect plants have:
1. Single stranded RNA
2. Single stranded DNA
3. Double stranded RNA
4. Double stranded DNA

3 Which of the following viruses has both DNA and

RNA as its genetic material?
1. Retroviruses
2. Bacteriophages
3. Plant vimses
4. None
I. The disease is Potato Spindle Tuber Disease.
Viruses are: II. It is caused by a pathogen that is high molecular
1. Obligate intracellular parasites weight double stranded RNA.
2. Obligate extracellular parasites 1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Facultative parasites
4. Free living, outside a living cell 3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

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f f f | Which of the following statements is wrong for fffjj The disease caused by prions in humans is known as:
viroids? 1. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
1. Their RNA is of high molecular weight 2. Scrapie
2. They lack a protein coat 3. CJD [Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease]
3. They are smaller than viruses 4. Infectious mononucleosis
4. They cause infections
fffjj Mycobiont and Phycobiont are formed in
[||jf| Viroids differ from viruses in having
1. Mycorrhzia 2. Root
1. DNA molecules with protein coat 3. Lichens 4. BGA
2. DNA molecules without protein coat
3. RNA molecules with protein coat IJfftj In the symbiotic relation lichen, the mycobiont does
4. RNA molecules without protein coat
not:
[ |||j Potato Spindle Tuber Disease is caused by a 1. prepare food for the other partner
2. provide shelter to the other partner
pathogen that is: 3. absorb mineral nutrients for the other partner
1. A nucleocapsid 4. absorb water for the other partner
2. A low molecular weight free RNA
3. An abnormally folded protein H H Match each item in Column I with one in Column II
4. A protozoan
and choose the correct answer from the codes given:
flffj Prion is: COLUMN I COLUMN II
1. A nucleocapsid A. Mucor a. Pin mould
2. A low molecular weight free RNA B. Rhizopus b. Bread mould
3. An abnormally folded protein C. Albugo c. White rust
4. A protozoan D. Pythium d. Damping-off of seedlings
Codes
fffg| The given figure shows: a normally folded protein
A B C D
[A] and a misfolded protein [B], What will be correct? 1. a b c d
2. b a c d
3. a b d c
4. b a d c

{The fungus shown in the given diagram can be:

I. Prions are misfolded proteins that have the ability to 1. Mucor

transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the 2. Penicillium
same protein. 3. Puccinia
II. Prions cause scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform
4. Ustilago
encephalopathy (BSE) in catde (commonly known as
"mad cow disease") and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
in humans.
1. Only I 2. Only II
3. Both I and II 4. Neither I nor II

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g j Match the fungi [Column I] with the Class to which Match the class of fungi in Column I with
it belongs [Column II] and select the correct answer from representative examples in Column II and select the
the codes given:__________________________________ correct option:___________________________________
COLUMN I COLUMN II COLUMN I COLUMN II
A. Ustilago tritici P. Phycomycetes A Phycomycetes P Morels and truffles
B. Albugo C a n d id a Q. Ascomycetes B Ascomycetes QAlternaria, Trichoderma
C. Alternaria solan i R. Basidiomycetes C Basidiomycetes R Bread mould and Albugo
D. Claviceps purpurea S. Deuteromycetes D Deuteromycetes S Smut and rust fungi
Coc es Codes:
A B C D A B c D
R P s Q 1. P R s Q
Q P s R 2. R S p Q
3. R S p Q 3. P Q R s
Q s p R 4. R p s Q
j Given below is a schematic representation of the Match each item in Column I [Protist] with one in
r ents in the life cycle of a fungus belonging to Column II [Characteristic] and select the correct option:
- scomycetes. Identify A-E: Protist Characteristic
A. Chrysophytes P. Plasmodium
B. Dinoflagellates Q. Chief producers in the ocean
Dispersal Germinatiot Mating R. Stiff cellulose plates in cell wall on
C. Euglenoids
ASEXUAL M yceium type (+)
PLASMOGAMY outer surface
REPRODUCTION
7 V :/
Asciis
(dikaryotic) D. Slime moulds S. Two flagella, a long and a short
iycelia
Dikaryotic^
hyphae
Codes:
SEXUAL A B c D
REPRODUCTION
* '« •
G erm ination y KARYOGAMY

Diploid nucleus— ,,,

1. R Q s P
(zygote) , 2. Q S p R
Four haploid
3. Q R s P
nuclei
MEIOSIS 4. R S Q P

Given diagram shows the structure of Tobacco

Mosaic Virus. Identify the correct match for A, B and C.
A: Sporangiophore A: Sporangiophore A B C
B: Sporangia B: Sporangia 300 18 Single
C: Ascocarp 2. C: Ascocarp 1.
nm nm stranded RNA
D: 4 Ascospores D: 8 Ascospores 18 4 Single
E: Ascogonium E: Ascogonium 2.
nm nm stranded DNA
A: Conidiophore A: Conidiophore 300 18 Double
B: Conidia B: Conidia 3.
nm nm stranded RNA
C: Ascogonium 4. C: Ascogonium
18 4 Double
D: 4 Ascospores D: 8 Ascospores 4. I_ Z ZBZ _ J
nm nm stranded DNA
E: Ascocarp E: Ascocarp

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Identify the incorrect statement regarding viroids: Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated
1. Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. chromosomes because: -
2. They are composed solely of a short strand of circular, 1. They require both RNA and DNA
single-stranded RNA that has no protein coating. 2. They both need food molecules
3. The first recognized viroid, the pathogenic agent of the 3. They both require oxygen for respiration
potato spindle tuber disease, was discovered by Theodor 4. Both require the environment of a cell to replicate
Otto Diener.
4. The nucleic acid of viroids codes for only a few The correct chronology of the steps seen in the
proteins. sexual cycle in fungi will be:
1. Plasmogamy - Karyogamy - Meiosis in zygote
A location with luxuriant growth of lichens on the
2. Karyogamy - Plasmogamy - Meiosis in zygote
trees indicates that the: 3. Plasmogamy - Meiosis in zygote - Karyogamy
1. Trees are very healthy 4. Karyogamy - Meiosis in zygote - Plasmogamy
2. Trees are heavily infested
3. Location is highly polluted I Which of the following is not a character ::
4. Location is not polluted members of Kingdom Fungi?
1. Thalloid body
T.O. Diener discovered a
2. Lacking chlorophyll
1. free infectious RNA 3. Store starch as reserve carbohydrates
2. free infectious DNA 4. Heterotrophic mode of life
3. infectious protein
4. bacteriophage 10 After karyogamy followed by meiosis, spores are
produced exogenously in
1| Which of the following statements is correct? 1. Neurospora
1. Lichens do not grow in polluted areas. 2. Alternaria
2. Algal component of lichens is called mycobiont. 3. Agaricus
3. Fungal component of lichens is called phycobiont. 4. Saccharomyces
4. Lichens are not good pollution indicators.
U One of the major compound of cell wall of mos:
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
fungi is
1. Prions consist of abnormally folded proteins 1. peptidoglycan
2. Viroids lack a protein coat 2. cellulose
3. Viruses are obligate parasites 3. hemicelluloses
4. Infective constituent in viruses is the protein coat 4. chitin

Which disease of man is similar with cattle's, bovine Which pair belongs to basidiomycetes?
spongiform encephalopathy: 1. Puffball and Claviceps
1. Encephalitis 2. Peziza and Stink Horn
2. Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease 3. Morchella and Mushroom
3. Spongiocitis of cerebrum 4. Bracket fungi and Puffballs
4. Spondylitis

20
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J Which one single organism or the pair of organisms Stored food in fungi i s :
is correctly assigned to its or their named taxonomic 1. Starch
group? 2. Proteins
1. Paramoecium and Plasmodium belong to the same 3. Glycogen
1-dngdom as that of Penicillium 4. Chitin
2. Lichen is a composite organism formed from the
symbiotic association of an algae and a protozoan Which of the following statements is correct?
3. Yeast used in making bread and beer is a fungus 1. Organisms that depend on living plants are called
Nostoc and Anabaena are examples of protista saprophytes.
2. Some of the organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
j?| The imperfect fungi which are decomposer of litter
specialized cells called sheath cells.
and help in mineral cycling belong to: 3. The fusion of two cells is called Karyogamy.
1. Basidiomycetes 4. Fusion of protoplasms between two motile on non-
I. Phycomycetes motile gametes is called plasmogamy.
3. Ascomycetes
Deuteromycetes Which of the following environmental conditions are
essential for optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of
Match the Column-I with Column-II
bread?
Column-I Column-II (a) Temperature of about 25°C
Symbiotic association of fungi with (b) Temperature of about 5%
a) Saprophyte (i) plant roots (c) Relative humidity of about 5%
(d) Relative humidity of about 95%
Decomposition of dead organic
<b) Parasite (ii) materials (e) A shaded place
(f) A brightly illuminated place.
«c) Lichens (hi) Living on living plants or animals Choose the answer from the following options.
Symbiotic association of algae and 1. b, c and e only
<d) Mycorrhiza (iv)
fungi 2. a, c and e only
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 3. a, d and e only
(a) (b) (c) (d) 4. b, d and e only
1. (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
rj
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
3 (hi) (iv)
(ii) 0)
4. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

J Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1 Yeasts have filamentous bodies with long thread-like
■yphae
I. Morels and truffles are edible delicacies
: Claviceps is a source of many alkaloids and LSD
- Conidia are produced exogenously and ascopores
mdogenously
1. Conidia on sporangiophores
2. Ascospores on asci
3. Basidiospores on a basidium
4. Conidia on conidiophores

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I The fruiting body of a fungus contains many E H Which one of the following statements is wrong?
structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. 1. Phycomycetes are also called algal fungi.
This fungus belongs to the class: 2. Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae.
1. phycomycete 3. Golden algae are also called desmids.
2. ascomycete 4. Eubacteria are also called false bacteria.
3. deuteromycete
4. basidiomycete EFfl Match the organisms in column I with habitats in
column II.
In an individual basidiomycete fungus, the size of
Column I Column II
the following [largest to smallest] will be:
(a) Halophiles (i) Hot springs
a. basidiocarp
b. basidium (b) Thermoacidophiles (ii) Aquatic environment
c. basidiospore (c) Methanogens (hi) Guts of ruminants
d. mycelium (d) Cyanobacteria (iv ) Salty areas
e. gill Select the correct answer from t te options given below:
1. d, e, a, b, c (a) (b) (c) (d)
2. e, a, d, b, c 1. (iv) (iii)
(i) (ii)
3. e, a, d, c, b
2. (i) (ii) (hi) (iv)
4. d, a, e, b, c
3. (hi) (iv ) (i) (ii)
H p In a fungus like Neurospora, conidia can be 4. (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
distinguished from ascospores as:
jj||l How many organisms in the list given below are
1. ascospores are diploid, conidia are haploid
2. ascospores are produced only by meiosis, conidia are autotrophs ?
produced only by mitosis Lactobacillus, Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas,
3. ascospores have undergone genetic recombination Nitrobacter, Streptomyces, Sacharomyces, Trypanosoma,
during their production, conidia have not Porphyra, Wolfia
4. ascospores are larger, conidia are smaller 1. Five
2. Six
HQ The guts of cow and buffalo possess 3. Three
1. Fucus sp 4. Four
2. Chlorella sp
| In which kingdom would you classify the archaea
3. methanogens
4. cyanobacteria and nitrogen-fixing organism, if the five-kingdom system
of classification is used?
ETjjl The motile bacteria are able to move by: 1. Plantae
1. fimbriae 2. Fungi
2. flagella 3. Protista
3. cilia 4. Monera
4. pili
R i Barophilic prokaryotes
Cell wall is absent in : 1. Occur in water containing high concentration of
1. Funaria barium hydroxide
2. Mycoplasma 2. Grow slowly in alkaline frozen lakes at high altitude
3. Nostoc 3. Grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments
4. Aspergillus 4. Readily grow and divide in sea water enriched with
soluble salt of barium

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Which is wrong about mycoplasma? Diatomaceous earth is used as heat insulator in

1. They are called PPLO boilers and steam pipes because the cell wall of diatom is
2. They are pleomorphic
3. They are sensitive to penicillin 1. composed of iron
4. They cause diseases in plants 2. composed of silicon dioxide
3. conductor of heat
Bacteria that obtain energy from light and carbon 4. bad conductor of electricity
from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing
equivalents from inorganic compounds are called as: 39 Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. chemolithoautotrophs Protozoan Group
2. photolithoautotrophs 1. Plasmodium Sporozoan
3. photoorganoheterotrophs
2. Trypanosoma Flagellated
- chemolithoheterotrophs
3. Balantidium Ciliate
Select the wrong statement: 4. Giardia Amoeboid
1. Cell wall is present in members of Fungi and Plantae
1. Mushrooms belong to Basidiomycetes 40 Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
:. Pseudopodia are locomotory and feeding structures in Pathogenic Protozoan Mode of transmission
Sporozoans 17 Leishmania Vector borne
- Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell in all
2. Trichomonas Sexual contact
--.".gdoms except monera
3. Toxoplasma Through placenta
j Which of the following organisms are known as 4. Trypanosoma Droplet
thief producers in the oceans ?
| Identify the incorrect statement regarding Euglena:
1 Dinoflagellates
1 Diatoms 1. Euglena's chloroplasts are surrounded by three
: Cyanobacteria membranes and contain pyrenoids
- Euglenoids 2. Euglena has two flagella rooted in basal bodies, one
flagellum is very short, and does not protrude from the
In which group of organisms the cell walls form two cell, while the other is relatively long
■ t overlapping shells which fit together? 3. A photosensitive red spot is present towards the
Chrysophytes anterior end
1 Icglenoids 4. When feeding as a heterotroph, Euglena takes in
1 Dinoflagellates nutrients by osmotrophy
- 5.tme moulds

j - he thalloid body of a slime mould (Myxomycetes)

*r. own as :
: : ;tonema
1 Plasmodium
::ng body
- ~ vteiium

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If you are told that the given diagram shows a single I f f l Identify the incorrect statement regarding viruses:
‘super cell’ that can ‘move’, you would conclude that this 1. A virus is a nucleoprotein and the genetic material is
must be: infectious
2. Retroviruses contain both RNA and DNA
3. Viruses are obligate cellular endoparasites
4. Viruses can be crystallized and this was first shown by
W. M Stanley

Identify the incorrect statement regarding Eubacteria:

1. Cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in
specialized cells called heterocysts
2. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria play a great role
in recycling nitrogen and phosphorus
3. Heterotrophic bacteria are the only bacteria that do not
include any economically useful microbe for humans
4. Mycoplasma lack cell wall and can survive without
oxygen

1. A plasmodial slime mould

2. A pathogenic fungus
3. A coenobium of an alga
4. A bioluminescent dinoflagellate

Identify the organism shown in the figure and the

function of the structures shown by arrow:

1. Paramoecium, trophic functions

2. Euglena, sexual reproduction
3. Paramoecium, osmoregulation
4. Euglena, photoreception

24
E ssentiale: B iological Classification A nswer K ey

Iris: B iological Classification - A nswer K ey

To view au d io /tex t solution,

• search fo r @ M IB llB O T on T elegram or

• go to h ttp s://t.m e/M IB H B O T

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Identify the incorrect statement regarding

I ntroduction classification of plants given by George Bentham and
Joseph Dalton Hooker:
P Regarding artificial system of classification of living 1. It is a natural system of classification.
2. It totally disregarded the external characters and did
organisms: not include them to classify plants
I: It is the most acceptable system for classification of 3. It used internal features like structure, anatomy,
living organisms. embryology and phytochemistry.
II: The vegetative characters are more easily affected by 4. It was based on natural affinities among the organisms.
environment.
1 .1 is correct and II is incorrect j j j j The given figure shows the phylogenetic evolution
2. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
of plants with A, B, C and D representing common
3 .1 is incorrect and II is correct
ancestors in the lineage. Identify A, B, C and D:
4. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I

The system of classification of plants given by

Carolus Linnaeus was: flowering plants

1. an artificial system based mainly on the androecium

structure.
ferns
2. a natural system based on large number of natural horsetails \ pteridophytes
affinities between flowering plants.
3. was a phylogenetic system based on evolutionary
relationships.
4. was a chemotaxonomic system based on structure of
homologous proteins.
green algae

In numerical taxonomy:
I. computers are used and all the observable characters
are taken into consideration. chromophytes
cyanidiophytes
II. hundreds of characters can be considered together and
each character is given equal importance.
1. Only I is correct
cyanobacteria bifiagef!' • protozoan
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct A B C D
4. both I and II are incorrect 1. Vascular Seed Green Land
plants plants plants plants
2. Land Green Seed Vascular
plants plants plants plants
3. Green Land Vascular Seed
plants plants plants plants
4. Seed Vascular Land Green
plants plants plants plants

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Match each item in Column I with one in Column II Consider the following statements regarding green
and select the correct match as your answer from the algae:
coders given:_____________________________________ I. Pigments are located in definite plastids
[COLUMN I II. Most have pyrenoids in chloroplasts
COLUMN II III. Cell wall has an inner layer of pectose and outer layer
[Classification
[Feature used] of cellulose
method]
A. [Artificial P. Evolutionary relationships 1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
B. [Phylogenetic Q. Gross morphological characters 3. Only II and III are correct
C. IChemotaxonomy R. Chemical constituents of plants 4 . 1, II and III are correct
Chromosome number, structure
D. Cytotaxonomy S.
and behaviour 11 Which of the following is not a green alga?
o llothrix 2. Chara
Codes
3. Volvox 4. Ectocarpus
A B C D
P Q S R Charophytes are the only living algae that share
Q P R S
distinctive derived traits with land plants that other algae
r
R S P Q don’t. All the following will be examples of such derived
4. S R Q P traits except:
1. Rings of cellulose-synthesizing proteins
2. Structure of flagellated sperms
3. Formation of a phragmoplast
4. Presence of chlorophyll a and b
Fusion of two gametes which are dissimilar in size is The form and size of algae is highly variable. Which
:ermed as of the following will not be true?
1. Oogamy 2. Isogamy I. Volvox is a colonial alga.
3. Anisogamy 4. Zoogamy II. Ulothrix and Spirogyra do not form filaments.
III. Kelps form massive plants bodies._________
S Cyanobacteria are classified under 1. Only II 2. Only III
1. Protista 2. Plantae 3. Both I and II 4. Both II and III
3. Monera 4. Algae
| f f | Consider the given statements regarding patterns of
The earliest land plants lacked true roots. What may life cycle in living organisms:
have enabled them the most to colonize land? I. In haplontic life cycles, zygotes are the only diploid
1. Symbiotic associations with fungi cells; mitosis occurs only in the diploid phase.
2. Prostrate thalloid body II. In diplontic life cycles, gametes are usually the only
3. Motile antherozoids capable of reaching the egg haploid cells, and mitosis usually occurs only in the
through water haploid phase.
4. Parasitic and saprophytic modes of nutrition III. In haplo-diplontic life cycle, alternation of
generations is marked and mitosis occurs in both haploid
and diploid phases.
1. Only III is correct 2. Both I and II are correct
3. All are correct 4. All are incorrect

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15 Identify the incorrectly matched pair: Which of the following is not an example of an
Alga Sexual reproduction edible alga?
I. Ulothrix Isogamous; non-flagellated gametes 1. Porphyra 2. Laminaria
II. Spirogyra Isogamous; flagellated gametes 3. Sargassum 4. Amanita
III. Udorina Anisogamous
Consider the two statements regarding Chlorella:
IV. Fucus Oogamous
Statement I: It is single-celled green algae.
1. Only III Statement II: It is used as a food supplement.
2 .1, II and III
1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
3. Only I and II 4. Only III and IV
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
3. Statement I and Statement II are correct
ffflj Consider the given statements:
4. Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
I: Algin is a hydrocolloid derived from brown algae
II: Carrageen is a hydrocolloid derived from green algae
III: Agar is a complex polysaccharide derived from red C hlorophyceae
algae, Gelidium and Gracilaria
1 .1 is correct; II is incorrect; III is incorrect
Which of the following will not be true for members
2 . 1 is incorrect; II is correct; III is correct
3 . 1 is incorrect; II is correct; III is incorrect of Chlorophyceae?
4 . 1 is correct; II is incorrect; III is correct 1. The photosynthetic pigments are located within
definite chloroplasts.
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II 2. Choloroplast are discoid in shape in all members of
and select the correct answer from the codes given: Chlorophyceae.
COLUMN 3. Most of the members have one or more storage bodies
COLUMN II called pyrenoids, containing proteins besides starch,
I
located in the chloroplasts.
A.
a. It is created by photosynthesis and is made 4. Some green algae may store food in the form of oil
Floridean
up of P(1 3)-glucan with (3(1 -►6)-branches droplets.
starch
b. An a-linked glucose polymer with a Which of the following feature given in column I is
B.
degree of branching intermediatexbetween
Laminarin not correctly matched with its correct description given in
amylopectin and glycogen
Column II with respect to members of Chlorophyceae?
C.Mannitol c. A sugar alcohol, an isomer of sorbitol
COLUMN I COLUMN II
Codes
Main photosynthetic
A B C 1. Chlorophyll a, b
pigment
1. a b c Inner layer of cellulose and outer
2. a c b 2. Cell wall
layer of pectose
3. b a c 3. Stored food Starch
4. c b a Flagellar number
4. 2-8. unequal, basal
and insertion

All the following are examples of members of

Chlorophyceae except:
1. Ectocarpus 2. Chlamydomanas
3. Chara 4. Ulothrix

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All the following statements will be true for brown

P haeophyceae algae except:
1. Major pigments are chlorophyll a, c, fucoxanthin
j Regarding the size and form of brown algae: 2. Food is stored as complex carbohydrates which may be
in the form of Laminarin or Mannitol
I Ectocarpus is profusely branched and may reach a 3. Vegetative cells have chitinous wall usually covered on
■eight of 100 meters.
the outside by a gelatinous coating of algin
II. Kelps are simple branched filamentous brown algae.
4. Flagellar number and insertions are 2, unequal and
I Both I and II are incorrect
lateral
2. Only I is incorrect
2. Only I is correct In brown algae:
- Both I and II are correct
I. Asexual reproduction is by biflagellate zoospores that
Match each item in column I with one in Column II are pear shaped and have two unequal and laterally
attached flagella.
select the correct answer from the codes given below: II. The gametes are pyriform [pear shaped] and bear two
Green alga Feature laterally attached flagella.
Chlamydomanas a. Spiral chloroplasts 1. Both I and II are incorrect
b. Coenobium with two kinds of 2. Only I is incorrect
3 Volvox
cells 3. Only I is correct
Hydrodictyon c. Palmella stage 4. Both I and II are correct
D. Spirogyra d. Non motile colony The leaf like photosynthetic organ in the body of a
_ ides:
A typical brown alga is called as:
B C D
1. Frond
1. a d b c 2. Stipe
2. a b c d 3. Holdfast
3. c b a d 4. Rhizoid
4. c d a b
Aplanogametes [gametes that do not have flagella]
are the special features of:
1. Spirogyra and Zygnema
2. Spirogyra and Vaucheria
3. Ulothrix and Zygnema
4. Chlamydomanas and Ulothrix

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§3f§ All the following belong to Phaeophyceae except: Ilf! Sexual reproduction is oogamous and accompanied
1. Dictyota by complete post-fertilization developments in the
2. Porphyra members of:
3. Fucus 1. Chlorophyceae
4. Sargassum 2. Phaeophyceae
3. Rhodophyceae
4. Both Chlorophyceae and Phaeophyceae
R hodophyceae
All the following are members of rhodophyceae

Identify the incorrect statement regarding algae; except:

1. Polysiphonia
1. Algae contain chlorophyll 2. Laminaria
2. Algae are autotrophic 3. Gracilaria
3. Body of an alga is composed of pseudoparenchyma 4. Gelidium
and hyphae
4. Cell wall of an alga is composed of true cellulose. Which of the following is expected to be found in

All the following statements will be true for brown deepest waters?
1. Red algae
algae except: 2. Green algae
1. Major pigments are chlorophyll a, d and phycoerythrin. 3. Brown algae
2. Food is stored as floridean starch. 4. Blue green algae
3. Vegetative cells have wall made of cellulose, pectin
and polysuphate esters.
4. Flagellar number and insertions are 2, equal and apical. B ryophytes
In the given diagram of the green alga Chara, the
A plant shows thallus level of organization. It shows
parts labeled A and B respectively are called :
Central rhizoids and is haploid. It needs water to complete its life
cylindrical cell
cycle because the male gametes are motile. Identify the
group to which it belongs to.
1. Pteridophytes
2. Gymnosperms
3. Monocots
4. Bryophytes

Antheridium of bryophytes produce

antherozoids.
1. Non-motile
2. Uni-flagellate
3. Biflagellate
4. Ciliate

Bryophytes are attached to the substratum by

1. Nucule and Globule
2. Globule and Nucule rhizoids that are:
3. Antheridium and Archegonium 1. Unicellular 2. Multicellular
4. Archegonium and Antheridium 3. Acellular 4. Unicellular or multicellular

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Ecologically important first colonizers of rocks are: The bryophytes are also called as the amphibians of
1. Lichens plants kingdom mainly because:
2. Algae 1. they respire through the moist epidermis
3. Gymnosperms 2. they depend on water for sexual reproduction
4. Angiosperms 3. they require more water than most plants
4. they lack true roots
All the following are characteristics of bryophytes
The economic importance of bryophytes include:
except:
1. spore producing I. A moss provides peat used as a packing material
2. dominant gametophyte II. They are early colonizers of land in ecological
3. lignified tissues succession
4. producing antheridium and archegonium III. They can decompose rocks
IV. They can prevent soil erosion
What is not true regarding bryophytes? 1. Only I, II and III
1. Zygote undergoes reduction division immediately 2. Only I, III and IV
2. Sporophyte is not free living 3. Only II, III and IV
3. Haploid spores are produced by meiosis 4 .1, II, III and IV
4. The sex organs are multi-cellular
Consider the two statements:
The bryophyte with most economic importance will Statement I: Bryophytes usually occur in damp, humid
be: and shaded localities and are not truly ‘successful’ on
1. peat moss land.
2. liverwort Statement II: They are dependent on water for sexual
3. hornwort reproduction.
4. Polytrichum 1. Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and
43 The structure marked as “b” can be used for: Statement II explains Statement I
3. Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but
Statement II does not explain Statement I:
1. Photosynthesis How many of the given features will be true for
|2. Attachment
3. Buoyancy brown algae:
4. Reproduction I. Presence of xanthophylls
II. A gelatinous coating of algin on cell wall
III. A centrally placed vacuole in plastids
IV. Ribbon shaped biflagellate zoospores
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4.4

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Which of the following statement will not be true Regarding Marchantia:

regarding bryophytes? I. The thallus is dorsi-ventral and closely appressed to the
1. They are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. substrate.
2. Archegonium is flask shaped and produces multiple II. The plant is monoecious.
eggs. 1. Both I and II are incorrect
3. Sporophyte is attached to the photosynthetic 2. Only I is incorrect
gametophytes and derives nourishment from it. 3. Only I is correct
4. The antherozoids are released into water. 4. Both I and II are correct

In liverworts:
L iverworts I. Asexual reproduction is not seen.
II. Sexual reproduction takes place by multicellular
What is the function of the gemmae produced by gemmae.
1. Both I and II are incorrect
some liverworts? 2. Only I is incorrect
1. a water gathering structure 3. Only I is correct
2. a light gathering structure 4. Both I and II are correct
3. a sexual structure
4. an asexual structure
M osses

Protonema is
1. Haploid and is found in mosses
2. Diploid and is found is liverworts
3. Diploid and is found in pteridophytes
4. Haploid and is found in pteridophytes

What is not true for mosses?

1. Sporophyte is less elaborate than liverworts
2. Protonema stage develops directly from a spore
3. Leafy stage develops from a secondary protonema as a
lateral bud
1. Female thallus of Marchantia 4. They are attached to soil through multicellular and
2. Male thallus of Marchantia branched rhizoids
3. Female thallus of Funaria
4. Male thallus of Funaria Red algae photosynthesize at ocean depths greater

The term ‘seaweeds’ is used to describe several than any other group of algae and hence can be found in
deepest waters because they
macroscopic, multicellular marine algal species belonging 1. contain a higher concentration of chlorophyll
to: 2. have an extremely large surface area to capture the
I. Chlorophyceae little amount of light that reaches them
II. Phaeophyceae 3. contain the pigment phycoerythrin
III. Rhodophyceae 4. periodically float to the surface and intercept light, then
1 .1 and II only move back to the ocean floor
2 .1 and III only
3. II and III only
4 . 1, II and III

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Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by: In the given diagram of Funaria, what are A, B, C
Fragmentation and budding in secondary protonema and D respectively?
2. Only budding in secondary protonema sporogonium

3. Adventitious roots and budding in secondary 1. Sporophyte, Gametophyte, Female

protonema
branch, Male branch !j1
2. Gametophyte, Sporophyte, Female A

- Fragmentation and budding in sporophyte II—— seta

branch, Male branch 1

In the life cycle of a moss, the sporphytic generation 3. Sporophyte, Gametophyte, Male
branch, Female branch ■msi
:s represented by all the following except: 4. Gametophyte, Sporophyte, Male B
WfF-c
1. Oospore branch, Female branch
2. Spore [, r "
3. Sporogonium
Spore mother cell Sporophyte is differentiated into a foot, a seta and a
capsule in:
| The given figure represents the life cycle of a
I. Liverworts
Typical: II. Mosses
1. Only I 2. Only II
3. Both I and II 4. Neither I nor II
Sporophyte ;/%
V* \ The given figure represents:
Sporangium

V,

Embryo / • • • •
irl . .
archegonium Archegonial
■: head
A «•
i Germinating m
spores
>.i-
ntheridial
head

Male
gametophyte

1. Equisetum, a horsetail where A is macrophyll and B is

1. Gymnosperm microphyll
2. Angiosperm 2. Sphagnum, peat moss where A is microphyll and B is
3. Bryophyte macrophyll
4. Pteridophyte 3. Equisetum, a horsetail where A is archegonial branch
and B is antheridial branch
4. Sphagnum, peat moss where A is archegonial branch
and B is antheridial branch

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[33 All the following bryophytes are ‘Mosses’ except: Evolutionarily, the first terrestrial plants to possess
1. Funaria vascular tissues are:
2. Marchantia 1. Bryophytes
3. Polytrichum 2. Pteridophytes
4. Sphagnum 3. Gnetales
4. Cycads
Consider the given statements regarding Mosses:
I. Protonema is a gametophyte stage that is creeping, Consider the following two statements:
green, branched and frequently filamentous. I. The spread of living pteridophytes is restricted to
II. Leafy stage bears sex organs and is attached to the soil narrow geographical regions
through multicellular and branched rhizoids. II. They are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular
III. Sex organs are produced at the apex of the leafy tissues
shoot. 1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
IV. They have an elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal. 2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
1. Only I, II and III are correct 3 . 1 is true but II is false
2. Only I, III and IV are correct 4 . 1 is false but II is true
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4 . 1, II, III and IV are correct Which of the following does not belong to the class
Pteropsida?
1. Dryopteris
P teridophytes 2. Adiantum
3. Pteris
A prothallus is 4. Lycopodium
1. A structure in pteridophytes formed before the thallus B7I1 Identify the incorrect statement:
develops
2. A sporophytic free living structure formed in 1. As compared to the bryophytes, pteridophytes have
pteridophytes sporophyte as the main plant body
3. A gametophyte free living structure formed in 2. Pteridophyte sporophyte has well differentiated true
pteridophytes roots, stem and leaves
3. Selaginella has macrophylls like ferns
4. A primitive structure formed after fertilization in
pteriodophytes 4. In sporophyte of ferns, leaf-like appendages called
sporophylls subtend sporangia
fflftj Identify the incorrectly matched comparison between
iverworts and mosses:
Character Liverworts Mosses
Thalloid and
1. Gametophyte Leafy and radial
dorsiventral
Unicellular, mosdy Multicellular,
2. Rhizoids
unbranched generally branched
Mostly absent or Distinct and well
3. Protonema
small developed
4. Elaters Absent Present

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f

j Consider the following statements: 73 The given diagram shows :

$
r .eridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess
iscular bundles.
1. An alga that lacks flagellated cells
'•lain plant body in pteridophytes is sporophyte which
2. A liverwort
i.rrerentiated into true stem and leaves.
3. A heterosporous pteridophyte
Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia are
4. A gymnosperm with non motile
*T-i:osporous.
sperms
■-:h of the above statements are true?
1 and II only
- 1 and III only
C and III only m ] Consider the given statements regarding certain
- !. II and III pteridophytes:
Statement I: In Selaginella and Equisetum, sporophylls
m - he given structure belongs to: may form distinct compact structures called strobili or
cones.
Statement II: Selaginella and Salvinia are heterosporous.
Operculum
1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Peristom e
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
3. Statement I and Statement II are correct
Columella
4. Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Consider the two statements:

Assertion: Heterospory in some pteridophytes paved the
way for the evolution of seeds in higher plants.
Reason: The megaspores and microspores in
heterosporous ferns give rise to female and male
gametophytes respectively.
1. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason
correctly explains the Assertion.
■a gametophytic generation in the life cycle of a fern 2. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does
_ ' - sporophytic generation in the life cycle of a fern not correctly explain the Assertion.
"a gametophytic generation in the life cycle of a moss 3. Assertion is true and Reason is false.
- ' a sporophytic generation in the life cycle of a moss 4. Assertion is false and Reason is true.

G ymnosperms
Plants of this group are diploid and well adapted to
extreme conditions. They grow bearing sporophylls in
compact structures called cones. The group in reference is
1. Monocots 2. Dicots
3. Pteridophytes 4. Gymnosperms

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The giant Redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens) is Which of the following regarding Cycas is incorrect?
a/an 1. Pinnate leaves persist for a few years
1. Angiosperm 2. Male and female cones are born on different plants
2. Free fern 3. Coralloid roots are in association with cynobacteria
3. Pteridophyte 4. Homosporous gymnosperm
4. Gymnosperm
In gymnosperms, the ovules are:
Which of the following Greek root word means
1. not enclosed by any ovary wall before and after
"naked" and hence gives name to plants like cycas and fertilization
pines? 2. not enclosed by any ovary wall only before fertilization
1. angeion 3. not enclosed by any ovary wall only after fertilization
2. sperm 4. enclosed by an ovary wall before and after fertilization
3. gymnos
4. gynos

The term ‘strobilus’ in a gymnosperm defines a:

1. collection of megasporophylls
2. collection of microsporophylls
3. site of sporangial development
4. collection of megasporophylls, microsporophylls
and/or a site of sporangial development 1. Obligate association with mycorrhiza
2. Unbranched stems
Female sex organs of gymnosperms are called: 3. Male and female strobili on the same plant
4. Leaves in fascicles
1. Archegonia
2. Female strobili Consider the given two statements:
3. Megasporangium
4. Megasporophyll Statement I: In Cycas, the pinnate leaves persist for a few
years.
Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in Statement II: In conifers, the needle-like leaves reduce the
surface area helping to reduce water loss.
gymnosperms:
1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
1. the male and female gametophytes do not have an
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
independent existence
3. Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. the vascular tissue is poorly developed 4. Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. the reproduction is dependent on water in most cases
4. the plants bodies are clearly differentiated into root, IThe given diagram shows:
stem and leaves
-----

Identify the correct statement regarding Marchantia: 1. Male thallus of T

1. Multicellular rhizoids help in anchorage and absorption Marchantia
of water through their capillary action. 2. Female thallus of \i
2. Reproductive organs are borne on antheridiophores and Marchantia
archegoniophores that arise from the apical notches of 3. Sphagnum
male and female thalli respectively. sporophyte
3. The antheridiophore has an umbrella shaped structure 4. Sphagnum
which bears antheridia. gametophyte
4. The archegoniophores have flattened, more or less
convex head or receptacle.

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The given pattern of life cycle will be seen in:

A ngiosperms
In angiosperms:
I. The dicots are characterized by seeds having two
cotyledons, reticulate venation and trimerous flowers,
n. The monocots are characterized by single
cotyledonous seed, parallel venation and tetramerous or
pentamerous flowers.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4 Both I and II are incorrect

P lant life cycles and

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS 1. Spirogyra 2. Fucus
3. Ectocarpus 4. Polysiphonia
The life cycle of Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia and kelps
The given pattern of life cycle will be seen in:

l.Diplontic
l.Haplontic
3.Aplantic
-Haplo-diplontic
gam etes q
Identify the parts labeled as 1, 2 and 3 in prothallus
o .o o
:: the fern:

individual

1. Spirogyra 2. Fucus
3. Ectocarpus 4. Polysiphonia

A B C
1 Archegonium Antheridium Multicellular rhizoids
2 Antheridium Archegonium Multicellular rhizoids
: Archegonium Antheridium Unicellular rhizoids
- Antheridium Archegonium Unicellular rhizoids

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The given pattern of life cycle will be seen in: R H In Haplontic life cycle:
I. Sporophytic generation is represented only by the one-
individuals celled zygote.
. , 0 s's (gametophytes)
II. Meiosis in zygote results in the formation of haploid
gametes.
III. The dominant photosynthetic stage is the free living
spores ,s's gametophyte
0 gametes
a . .S„ {f , C 1. Only I is correct
-V~. • if .4-*'
fertilization v
2. Only I and III are correct
m 3. Only II is correct
o zygote
4. I, II and III are correct

IPff Examine the figures A, B, C and D. In which one of

individual the four options all the items, A, B, C and D are correct ?
(sporophyte)

1. Spirogyra 2. Fucus
3. Chlamydomanas 4. Polysiphonia i
Which of the following terms is not correctly ■f T\ V
de:fined?
Juvenile sporophyte of the life cycle of
1. Protonema
mosses
Gametophyte stage in the life of a fern
2. Prothallus
or other pteridophyte
The female sex organ in mosses,
3. Archegonium
liverworts, ferns, and most conifers
Sporangia-bearing structure densely
4. Strobilus B
aggregated along a stem

BTa Read the following five statements (I - V) and

answer as asked next to them.
I. In Equisetum the female gametophyte is retained on the
parent sporophyte
II. In Ginkgo male gametophyte is not independent
III. The sporophyte in Riccia is more developed than that
in Polytrichum
IV. Sexual reproduction in Volvox is isogamous
V. The spores of slime molds lack cell walls
How many of the above statements are correct ? Options :
1. Three 2. Four A B C D
3. One 4. Two 1. Equisetum Ginkgo Selaginella Lycopodium
2. Selaginella Equisetum Salvima Ginkgo
3. Funaria Adiantum Salvinia Riccia
4. Chara Marchantia Fucus Pinus

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Regarding plants exhibiting diplontic life cycle: A plant has a dominant, independent,
1. Gametophyte is the dominant photosynthetically photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase as a haploid
independent phase. gametophyte which alternates with the short-lived,
2. The sporophytic stage is represented by the single to multicellular sporophyte totally or partially dependent on
:ew-celled diploid sporophyte. the gametophyte for its anchorage and nutrition. This
3. All seed bearing plants follow this pattern with some plant most likely belongs to:________________________
variations. 1. Red algae 2. Bryophytes
4. Most algae follow this type of life cycle. 3. Pteridophytes 4. Gymnosperms

100 A plant has a diploid sporophyte as the dominant, The given figure represents the life cycle of:
independent, photosynthetic, vascular body. It alternates Bisexual
gametophyte
with multicellular, saprophytic/autotrophic, independent
but short-lived haploid gametophyte. This plant most
iikely belongs to: Isospores( I I ) f n ) ( n ) ( n )
1. Red algae
2. Bryophytes
\\ff
M e io s is \ \ I /
Gametes
(in gametangia)
of spore mother cells (2n) \A 1 /
in sporangium
3. Pteridophytes j^Fertili:
Fertilization
4. Gymnosperms Sporophyte Zygote (first cell of sporophyte)

101 The type of life cycle followed by: Sporophyte embryo

i. Spirogyra is haplontic
II. Fucus is diplontic 1. a homosporous plant with bisexual gametophytes
III. Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia and kelps is haplo-diplontic 2. a heterosporous plant with bisexual gametophytes
1. Only I and II are correct 3. a homosporous plant with unisexual gametophytes
2. Only I and III are correct 4. a heterosporous plant with unisexual gametophytes
3. Only II and III are correct
4 .1, II and III are correct 105 What is not correct regarding resemblances between
gymnosperms and angiosperms?
102 Which of the following is not true regarding 1. Well developed vascular system with xylem and
comparison between the gymnosperms Pinus and Cycas? phloem
Character Pinus Cycas 2. Development of flowers for the purpose of
reproduction
Root
1- symbiotic association Mycorrhiza Cynobacteria 3. Microspores develop into a pollen tube
4. Post fertilization development of endosperm for
2. Stem Branched Unbranched nourishment of embryo
3. Reproductive parts Dioecious Monoecious
Fall off
Scale leaves as branches Persistent, protective
mature

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106 Identify the incorrectly matched row: The given figure represents the life cycle of a
Character Gymnosperm Angiosperm typical:
Mainly
1. Xylem Tracheids only
vessels
Pollination
2. Water only Various
agency
Female Relatively large with 8-nucleate
3.
gametophyte distinct Archegonia embryo sac MACROSPORE
OVULE MICROSPORE
A Endosperm Haploid Triploid "MOTHER CELL"

107 Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in MEIOSIS

Of
gymnosperms: MEIOSIS SEED D
GENERATIVE
1. there is development of ovule and later the seed ANTIPODAL
DDAL \
ENDOSPERM CELL
1- POLAR
II. pollen tubes carry male gametes to archegonia EGG ■ KT |NUCLEI - V TUBE CELL
III. gametophytes do not have an independent free living
MITOSIS
existence 1. Only I and II are correct POLLEN GRAIN

2. Only I and III are correct POLLEN TUBE

SPERM

3. Only II and III are correct POLLEN TUBE

4 . 1, II and III are correct TUBE NUCLEUS

1. Gymnosperm 2. Angiosperm
3. Bryophyte 4. Pteridophyte

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The leaf-like photosynthetic organ in brown algae is Which of the following is not seen in red algae?
called as: 1. 2 unequal flagella
1. Holdfast 2. Cellulose cell wall
2. Stipe 3. Phycoerythrin
3. Frond 4. Floridean starch
4. Rhizoid
Which of the following would not be true regarding
I Which of the following classes of algae store food importance of algae?
that is chemically very similar to amylopectin and 1. They increase level of dissolved oxygen in water
glycogen? 2. Many can be used as food source
1. Chlorophyceae 3. They are the source of most antibiotics known to man
2. Phaeophyceae 4. Products like hydrocolloids [algin] and agar are useful
3. Rhodophyceae to man
4. All algae
Identify the incorrect statement regarding red algae:
The cell wall polysaccharides of some red algae are
1. Major pigments are chlorophyll a, c and phycocyanin
the source of: 2. Stored food is floridean starch
1. a sugar substitute 3. Cellulosic cell wall with pectin and polysulfate esters
2. a source of salt 4. Absent flagellar insertions
3. glucose for the study of photosynthesis
4. agar for growing bacteria and other organisms Gracilaria and Gelidium, that are source of Agar,
belong to:
jj Oogamous sexual reproduction is seen in: 1. Chlorophyceae
1. Ulothrix 2. Rliodophyceae
2. Spirogyra 3. Phaeophyceae
3. Udorina 4. Fungi
4. Fucus
3 An example of colonial alga is:
’ Which of the following is not true regarding algae? 1. Volvox
1. Thallophytes that contain chlorophyll 2. Ulothrix
2. Autotrophic 3. Spirogyra
3. Body made of pseudo-parenchyma 4. Chlorella
4. Cellulosic cell wall
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol. It is stored as food in
The gametes are pyriform and bear two laterally 1. Fucus
attached flagella in: 2. Gracillaria
1. Chlorophyceae 3. Chara
2. Phaeophyceae 4. Porphyra
3. Rhodophyceae
4. All algae Chi a, Chi d and phycoerythrin occur in
1. Chlorophyceae
| Sexual reproduction takes place through non 2. Bacillariophyceae
flagellated gametes that are similar in size in: 3. Cyanophyceae
1. Ulothrix 4. Rhodophyceae
2. Spirogyra
3. Volvox
4. Fucus

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Which one of the following statements is wrong? A difference between a gymnosperm and an
1. Laminaria and Sargassum are used as food. angiosperm would be:
2. Algae increase the level of dissolved oxygen in the 1. Lack of a flower
immediate environment. 2. Undeveloped vascular tissue
3. Algin is obtained from red algae, and carrageenan from 3. Xylem is mainly composed of vessels and phloem
brown algae. contains companion cell in angiosperms
4. Agar-agar is obtained from Gelidium and Gracilaria. 4. Microspore grows into a pollen tube

Which of the following pairs is of unicellular algae? In bryophytes and pteridophytes, transport of male
1. Gelidium and Gracilaria gametes requires
2. Anabaena and Volvox 1. insects
3. Chlorella and Spirulina 2. birds
4. Laminaria and Sargassum 3. water
4. wind
ffH Zygotic meiosis is characteristic of
Examine the figure given below and select the right
1. Marchantia
2. Fucus option giving all the four parts (a, b, c and d) correctly
3. Funaria identified.
4. Chlamydomonas

ffgf A species of red algae has been discovered near

Bahamas at a depth of more than 260 m. This unusual
feat is possible because this alga:
1. lacks pigmentation and functions heterotrophically as
parasite on other plants
2. has significant amount of phycoerythrin in addition to
chlorophyll a and d
3. unlike other red algae has flagellated gametes
4. it has large number of root like rhizoids enabling it to
attach to a deep substratum

Which of the following is not true for the green alga (a) (b) (c) (d)
1. Archegoniophore Female thallus Gemma cup Rhizoids
Spirogyra?
1. Unbranched, filamentous and commonly found in 2. Archegoniophore Female thallus Bud Foot
stagnant fresh water bodies. 3. Seta Sporophyte Protonema Rhizoids
2. The filament is composed of large number of long, 4. Antheridiophore Male thallus Globule Roots
cylindrical cells placed one above the other in a single
row. Gemmae are present in:
3. The cells are characterised by long spiral ribbon­
1. Some Gymnosperms
shaped chloroplasts with several pyrenoids. 2. Some Liverworts
4. There are multiple small vacuoles in each cell.
3. Mosses
4. Pteridophytes

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J In a moss, the sporophyte Select the mismatch -

1 Manufactures food for itself, as well as for the 1. Pinus - Dioecious
pametophyte 2. Cycas - Dioecuous
1 Arises from a spore produced from gametophyte 3. Salvinia - Heterosporous
: Is partially parasitic on the gametophyte 4. Equisetum - Homosporous
- Produces gametes that give rise to the gametophyte
Pollen chamber present in gymnosperms represents
J Read the following statements (A-E) and answer the
1. Microsporangium
: aestion which follows them. 2. Pollen grain cell where sperms are formed
A) In liverworts, mosses, and ferns gametophytes are 3. Opening of megagametophyte for passage of pollen
'ree-living tube to egg
5 Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterosporous 4. Cavity in nucellus for resting pollen grains after
I Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox and Albugo is pollination
. rgamous
D i The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than UTS In which one of the following, male and female
a: in mosses gametophytes do not have free living independent
£ Both, Pinus and Marchantia, are dioecious existence
- aw many of the above statements are correct?________ 1. Polytrichum
I Two 2. Three 2. Cedrus
3. Four 4. One 3. P teris
4. Funaria
Sphagnum can be distinguished from mosses by all
The gymnosperms, Pines, are unique because they
"r following characteristics except:
The stem has no rhizoids produce:
- Leaves have green and hyaline cells 1. leaves in fascicles
The sex organs do not limit the indefinite growth of the 2. true leaves
~ :-:n axis 3. cones
- “ he capsule is borne on seta 4. archegonia

j Which of the following statement is correct? The microstrobilus in gymnosperms represents the:
Ovules are not enclosed by ovary wall in gymnosperms 1. "female" cone
_ Selaginella is heterosporous, while Salvinia is 2. megasporangium-bearing cone
: ~osporous 3. pollen-bearing cone
Horsetails are gymnosperms 4. none of these
- Stems are usually unbranched in both Cycas and
~-:drus Identify the incorrect statement regarding
gymnosperms in general:
Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme 1. They are heterosporous
■ vonmental conditions because of 2. Megaspore mother cell is differentiated from a cell in
presence of vessels 2. broad hardy leaves the nucellus
3. Multicellular female gametophyte is retained on the
5_perficial stomata 4. thick cuticle
megasporangium
4. The male gametophyte has a large number of cells

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In contrast to conifers, gnetophytes produce: Which set contains flagellated male gametes?
1. Simple pollen strobili and simple seed strobili 1. Spirogyra, Anthoceros and Funaria
2. Simple pollen strobili and compound seed strobili 2. Zygnema, Saprolegnia and Hydrilla
3. Compound pollen strobili and simple seed strobili 3. Fucus, Marsilea and Calotropis
4. Compound pollen strobili and compound seed strobili 4. Riccia, Dryopteris and Cycas

36 Life cycle of Ectoccirpus and Fucus respectively are: Consider the following two statements:
1. Haplontic, Diplontic 2. Diplontic, Haplodiplontic I. In Selaginella and Salvia, development of zygotes into
4. Haplodiplontic, young embryos takes place within the female
3. Haplodiplontic, Diplondc gametophyte.
Haplontic
II. Selaginella and Salvia are homosporous pteridophytes
Prothallus is a: 1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
1. Multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic 3 .1 is true but II is false
thalloid gametophyte in pteridophytes 4 . 1 is false but II is true
2. Multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic
thalloid sporophyte in pteridophytes Porphyra, Sargassum and Laminaria are all:
3. Multicellular, free-living, non photosynthetic thalloid
gametophyte in pteridophytes I. brown algae
4. Multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic well II. marine edible algae
differentiated sporophyte in pteridophytes 1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
Consider the following four statements whether they 3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
are correct or wrong,
(A) The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than An important feature of bryophytes is that the
that in mosses.
(B) Salvinia is heterosporous. embryonic development of the zygote takes place in the:
(C) The life-cycle in all seed-bearing plants is diplontic. 1. Sporangium 2. Archegonium
(D) In Pinus, male and female cones are borne on 3. Protonema 4. Antheridium
different trees.
The two wrong statements together are________________ The correct description of zoospores involved in
1. (A) and (C) 2. (A) and (D) asexual reproduction in most brown algae will be:
3. (B) and (C) 4. (A) and (B) 1. Biflagellate, pear-shaped, lateral unequal flagella
2. Biflagellate, pear-shaped, apical equal flagella
Which one of the following is a correct statement? 3. Biflagellate, lens-shaped, lateral unequal flagella
1. Pteridophyte gametophyte has a protonemal and leafy 4. Biflagellate, lens-shaped, apical equal flagella
stage
2. In gymnosperms, female gametophyte is free-living
3. Antheridiophores and archegoniophores are present in
pteridophytes
4. Origin of seed habit can be traced in pteridophytes

40 Strobili or cones are found in:

1. Pteris 2. Marchantia
3. Equisetum 4. Salvinia

44
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1. (3) 2. (3) 3. (4) (3) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (3) 10. (1)
11. (2) 12. (1) 13. (1) (3) 16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (2) 19. (4) 20. (3)
21. (3) 22. (1) 23. (2) (2) 26. (4) 27. (1) 28. (4) 29. (1) 30. (4)
31. (2) 32. (1) 33. (3) (4) 36. (3) 37. (1) 38. (2) 39. (4) 40. (3)
41. (4) 42. (3) 43. (2) in
!

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