Why do we need to be able to

Tomeasure
Suppose
make things?
we wanted
sense, all to
measure a 2 x 4 for
measurements need both ...
building a house.
Units by themselves
Numbers by themselves
don’t
don’t make
make sense.sense.
A Number and a Unit!
A board is 350 longlong
meters . . . .. . . .

Any Ideas?
 Estimation
Estimation is using your knowledge of
something similar in size or amount to
determine the size of the new object.
o Helps to make a rough
measurement of an
object.
o Useful when you are in a
hurry and exact numbers
are not required.
MEASUREMENTS
o We make QUALITATIVE observations
of reactions — changes in color and
physical state.
o We also make QUANTITATIVE
MEASUREMENTS, which involve
numbers.
oUse SI units — based on the metric
system

Types of Observations and

Measurements
o In every measurement there is
a:
oNumber followed by a Unit
from a measuring device
o The number should also be as
precise as the measurement!

Stating a Measurement
Measures distance
between objects
•Does not matter if it is
width, height, depth, etc.
•All are length
measurements.
TYPES OF
MEASUREMENT:LENGTH
Measures the amount of space
something takes up
• Volumes of solids are figured using this
formula:
• (L)ength x (W)idth x (H)eight
• Objects without a definite length, width or
height (a rock for example)
• can use water displacement to determine
volume.
NOTE: 1 ml = 1 cm3

TYPES OF
MEASUREMENT:VOLUME
Measures the amount of
matter in an object
• Weight and mass are related, but
NOT the same.
• Weight is the pull of gravity on an
object
• The greater the mass, the larger the
pull of gravity.

TYPES OF MEASUREMENT:
MASS
The amount of matter a
body contains per unit
volume.
• The formula of density is defined as
mass divided by volume
• D=M/V

TYPES OF MEASUREMENT:
DENSITY
Measure of how hot or
cold an object is
compared to another
object.
• indicates that heat flows from the
object with a higher temperature
to the object with a lower
temperature.
• is measured using a thermometer.

TYPES OF MEASUREMENT:
TEMPERATURE
Devices used to measure
temperature
Temperature Scales

Temperature
Scales

• are Fahrenheit,
Celsius, and
Kelvin.
• have reference
points for the
boiling and
freezing points
of water.
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13
 Measurement System Comparisons
MEASUREMENT ENGLISH SI SYSTEM

LENGTH Yard / Inch Meter / Centimeter

MASS Ounce / Pound Gram / Kilogram

VOLUME Quart Liter

TEMPERATURE Fahrenheit Celsius / Kelvin

TIME Second Second

All Measurement systems have standards.

Standards are exact quantities that everyone
agrees to use as a basis of comparison.
International System of Units

Le Systeme Internalionale d’Unites

• 1960
• Based on the Metric System that originated in
France during the 18th century
• Has replaced other units of measurements
including the English System

SI Units
Types of Base Units
Measurement
Mass Kilogram(Kg)
Time Seconds(s)
Electric current Ampere(A)

Temperature Kelvin(K)
Luminous density Candela(cd)

Amount substance Mole

Length Meter
 Why use the SI System?
The SI (International
System of Units) system is
the form of measurement
typically used by scientists.
Scientists use the SI System worldwide
because:
 Measurements are easily understood by all
scientists
 Measurements are easier to convert than the
English system
In the US, they use the English or Standard System,
most of the rest of the world uses the Metric or SI
System.
12 inches=1 foot

3 feet = 1yard

5,280 feet=1mile

16 ounces=1 pound

4 quarts=1 gallon

In the English system you have to

remember so many numbers . . .
 In the SI System you only have to remember
one number.
The SI System is based on the number 10.

 If you know ONE conversion for each type

of measurement, you can convert
anything!
 Mass:
o 454 grams = 1 pound

Length:
• 2.54 cm = 1 inch

Volume:
• 0.946 L = 1 quart

You must memorize and use these

conversions:
The SI System uses the following prefixes:
Kilo 1000 This system works with any
SI measurement.
Hecto 100
Deca 10 The UNIT becomes
whichever type of
UNIT 1 measurement you are
making. (mass, volume, or
Deci 1/10 length)
Centi 1/100
Milli 1/1000 It is the same system
regardless if you are
measuring length, mass, or
volume.
Conversion Factors
 Basic Types of Measurement
Length: measures distance between objects
Volume: measures the amount of space
something takes up
Mass: measures the amount of matter
in an object
In SI the basic units are:
✓ Length is the meter
✓ Mass is the gram
✓ Volume is the liter (liquid)
✓ Temperature is Celsius/Kelvin
 Match
 L) length M) mass V) volume

 M
____ A. A bag of tomatoes is 4.6 kg.
 L
____ B. A person is 2.0 m tall.
 M
____ C. A medication contains 0.50
g Aspirin.
 V
____ D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of
water.

Learning Check
 Select the unit you would use to
measure :
1. Your height
a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers
2. Your mass
a) milligrams b) grams c) kilograms
3. The distance between two cities
a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers
4. The width of an artery
a) millimeters b) meters c) kilometers

Learning Check
Nature of Science

The
International
System of Units
Density is how much matter is in
They areWhich
something oneis
(mass),
both heavier
compared
kilogram .to. .the
so they weight
amount
Athe of space
same,
kilogram of it takes
butfeathers
it takes more
or up (volume).
feathers
a kilogram ofthan
lead?
lead to equal one kilogram!
The formula for density is:
Mass (grams) divided by Volume (cm3)
So the unit for density is g / cm3
➢ Every substance has a density, and that density
always remains the same.
Which one takes up more space (volume)?
➢ Density
We saycan
thebelead
usedistomore
figuredense
out what an the
than
unknown substance is.
feathers.
➢ The density of water is 1 g / cm3
Measurement Review
 Measurements need a number and
a unit!
 Basic units of Measurement
(meter, liter, gram)
 How to convert metric units
 Be able to make basic
measurements of volume, length,
and mass
 Definition of density and how to
figure it out.
 Vocabulary words
 Materials
 wood (rectangular), any length
 wood(cube), any size
 1 canned good, any type
 Rock
 Ball
 Ruler
 Measuring tape
 1 dishwashing liquid
 Sponge
 Basahan