linear equations

27
lIneAr eQUAtIon In one VArIABle From Equation (1), we get y = 7 - x.
A linear equation in one variable is an equation of the Substituting y = 7 - x in Equation (2), we get
type ax + b = 0 or, ax = c, where a, b, c are constants 3x - 2 (7 - x) = 11 ⇒ 3x - 14 + 2x = 11
(real numbers), a ≠ 0 and x is an unknown variable. ⇒ 5x = 25 L td⇒ x = 5.
The solution of the linear equation ax + b = 0 is .
Substituting this value of x invtEquation (1), we get
b b P
x = - . We also say that - is the root of the linear 5 + y = 7 ⇒ y = 7 - 5 or
e s y = 2.
a a Hence, x = 5, y = 2 isicthe required solution.
equation ax + b = 0.
e rv
For example, the equation 2x + 3 = 0 is a linear S
2. Method nof Elimination
tio
equation in one unknown variable x. Its solution or
Step c1.a Multiply both the equations by such numbers
3
root is - .
u so as to make the coeficients of one of
Ed
2
lIneAr eQUAtIon In two VArIABles a the two unknowns numerically the same.
A linear equation in two variables is an equation of theIn
di Step 2. Add or subtract the two questions to get
n
type ax + by + c = 0 or ax + by = d, where a, b, coand an equation containing only one unknown.
d are constants, a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0. r s Solve this equation to get the value of
For example, 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 and 2x - e
a
3y = 5 are the unknown.
P
1 7
linear equations in two variables x and y. Step 3. Substitute the value of the unknown in

20
either of the two original equations. By
Methods of Solving Two Simultaneous Linear solving that the value of the other unknown
©
ht
Equations is obtained.
ir g
1. Method of Substitution
py of one variable, say y,
Step 1. Find the value
o Illustration 2: Solve: -6x + 5y = 2, -5x + 6y = 9.
in termsCof the other, i.e., x from either Solution: The given equations are
equation.
-6x + 5y = 2 …(1)
Step 2. Substitute the value of y so obtained in the -5x + 6y = 9 …(2)
other equation. Thus, we get an equation
Multiplying Equation (1) by 6,
in only one variable x.
-36x + 30y = 12 …(3)
Step 3. Solve this equation for x.
Multiplying Equation (2) by 5,
Step 4. Substitute the value of x, thus obtained,
-25x + 30y = 45 …(4)
in step 1 and ind the value of y.
Subtracting Equation (4) from Equation (3), we get
Illustration 1: Solve 2x + 3y = 7, 3x - y = 5. -11x = -33 or x = 3.
Solution: The given equations are Substituing x = 3 in Equation (1), we get
x +y=7 …(1) -18 + 5y = 2 or y = 4.
and, 3x - 2y = 11 …(2) Hence, x = 3 and y = 4 is the required solution.

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M27.indd 1 9/21/2015 12:33:02 PM

 27.2 Chapter 27

3. Short-cut Method a1 b c
(b) If = 1 = 1 , the system is consistent
Let, the two equations be a2 b2 c2
a 1x + b 1y = c 1 and has ininitely many solutions.
a 2x + b 2 y = c 2. Note:
The solution is written as
The graphs of such equations will have coincident
x y −1 lines.
= =
b1c2 − b2 c1 c1a2 − c2 a1 a1b2 − a2 b1
a1 b c
(c) If = 1 ≠ 1 , the system has no
bc −b c c a −c a a2 b2 c2
i.e., x = - 1 2 2 1 , y = - 1 2 2 1 .
a1b2 − a2 b1 a1b2 − a2 b1 solution and is inconsistent.

Note:
L td
Illustration 3: Solve 3x + 2y = -25, -2x - y = 10. The graphs of such equations
v t. will have parallel
Solution: The two equations are lines. P
3x + 2y = -25 e s
ic values of k, will the system
Illustration 4: Forvwhat
-2x - y = 10 r
of equations kx + e2y = 5 and 3x + y = 1 have a unique
The solution is given by
solution? S
n
x
=
y iothe given system of equations has a unique
Solution: tIf
2 × 10 − (−1) × (−25) (−25) × (−2) − 3 × 10 a
uc
solution,
−1 d
E a ≠ b ⇒ k ≠ 2 ⇒ k ≠ 6.
1 1
=
3 × (−1) − (−2) × 2 dia a 2
b
2 3 1
y −1 In Hence,
x n for k ≠ 6, the given system of equations will
so
or, = =
−5 20 1 r have a unique solution.
a
Pe
or, x = 5, y = -20. Illustration 5: For what value of k, the system of
equations 3x + 4y = 6 and 6x + 8y = k represent,
7
01
Consistent and Inconsistent equations
2
coincident lines?
Solution: If the given system of equations represents
When a system of equations has © a solution, the system
is called consistent. And whenhat system of equations has
coincident lines
ig inconsistent.
no solution, the system is rcalled a1 b c 3 4 6
y = 1 = 1 ⇒ = =
C op a2 b2 c2 6 8 k
Test for Consistency 6×8
⇒ k= = 12.
If we are given two linear equations 4
a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2. Then, Illustration 6: For what value of k the equations 9x
a1 b + 4y = 9 and 7x + ky = 5 have no solution?
(a) If = 1 , the system will have exactly Solution: The given system of equations will have no
a2 b2
solution
one solution and will be consistent.
a1 b c 9 4 9
if, = 1 ≠ 1 ⇒ = ≠
Note: a2 b2 c2 7 k 5
The graphs of such equations will have intersecting 28
⇒ 9k = 28 or k = .
lines. 9

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M27.indd 2 9/21/2015 12:33:03 PM

 Linear Equations 27.3

ExErcisE-1

1. Solve: x + y = 3, 2x + 3y = 7. (a) 0 and 1 (b) 1 and 2

(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3
(c) x = 3, y = 2 (d) None of these 1
11. The number of solutions of the equations x + = 2
2. Solve: x + y = 7, 3x - 2y = 11 y
and 2xy - 3y = -2 is:
(a) x = 7, y = 3 (b) x = 5, y = 2 (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) x = 5, y = 3 (d) None of these (c) 2 (d) None of these
3. Solve: 7x + 11y = 1, 8x + 13y = 2 12. The equations ax + b = 0 and cx + d = 0 are consistent,
(a) x = -5, y = 3 (b) x = -7, y = 2 if:
(c) x = -3, y = 2 (d) None of these (a) ad = bc (b) ad +tdbc = 0
4. Solve: 8u - 3v = 5uv 6u - 5v = -2uv (c) ab - cd = 0 . L+ cd = 0
(d) tab
Pv
=
(a)
13
u = ,v
22
=
(b)
11
u = ,v
13
and x - y = 0 is givene s by: of equations |x + y| = 1
13. The solution to the system
23 33 5 22
1 rv
ic 1
11 22 (a) x= y= e (b) x = y = −
=
(c) u = ,v (d) None of these S2 2
23 31
o n 1 −1
(c) x t=i 1, y = 0 (d) x = y = or x = y =
5. Solve: 2(3u - v) = 5uv, 2(u + 3v) = 5uv
u ca 2 2

EdIn the system of the equations x + y = 6 , y + z = 12

(a) u = 2, v = 1 (b) u = 3, v = 2 1 1 5 1 1 7
(c) u = 4, v = 3 (d) None of these 14.
a
6. Solve: ax + by = a - b, bx - ay = a + b n di and 1 + 1 = 3 , values of x, y and z will be:
I
on
(a) x = 2, y = -1 (b) x = -2, y = 1 z x 4
s
ar
(c) x = 1, y = -1 (d) None of these (a) 4, 3 and 2 (b) 3, 2 and 4
e (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 3, 4 and 2
+ = 2, − =P
2x y x y
7. Solve for x and y:
a b a 1b7
4. 15. If 2x + y = 35 and 3x + 4y = 65, then ind the value
20 y = -3b
(a) x = 2a, y = -2b (b) x = 3a,
x
.
© of these
(c) x = 3a, y = -2b (d) tNone of y
h
rig 6 x − 8 = 14. Find ‘p’ if,
6 (a) 2 (b) 1
8. Given: 4 x + = 15 yand (c) 3 (d) None of these
y p y
y = px - 2. Co 16. I am three times as old as my son. 5 years later, I
shall be two and a half times as old as my son. How
5 7 old am I and how old is my son?
(a) (b)
3 3
(a) 45 years, 15 years (b) 40 years, 10 years
4 (c) 60 years, 25 years (d) 50 years, 20 years
(c) (d) None of these
3 17. A man has some hens and cows. If the number of
2 2 1 3 2 heads be 48 and number of feet equals 140, then the
9. Given: + = and + = 0. Find ‘a’ for which number of hens will be:
x 3y 6 x y
y = ax - 4. (a) 26 (b) 24
(c) 23 (d) 22
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) None of these 18. `49 were divided among 150 children. Each girl got
50 paise and a boy 25 paise. How many boys were
2 3 9 4 9 21 there?
10. If + = and + = , where x ≠ 0, y ≠
x y xy x y xy (a) 100 (b) 102
0, the values of x and y are, respectively (c) 104 (d) 105

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M27.indd 3 9/21/2015 12:33:09 PM

 27.4 Chapter 27

19. Find the condition for the following system of linear 22. Find the value of k for which the system of equations
equations to have a unique solution: 2x + 2y = 5, 3x + ky = 7 has no solution.
ax + by = c, lx + my = n. (a) 5 (b) 7
(a) an ≠ cl (b) am ≠ bl (c) 3 (d) 9
(c) bm ≠ al (d) None of these
23. Find the value of k for which the system of equations
20. Find the value of k for which the system: 2x + k y = 1, 3x - y = 7 has a unique solution.
kx + 2y = 5, 3x + y = 1 has a unique solution.
(a) k = 6 (b) k ≠ 9 2 2
(a) k = − (b) k ≠
(c) k ≠ 6 (d) None of these 3 3
21. Find the value of c for which the system 2 2
cx + 3y = c - 3, 12x + cy = c has ininitely many (c) k ≠ − (d) k =
3 3
solutions.
(a) 6 (b) 8 d
t
(c) 4 (d) None of these
t.L
Pv
s
ice
ExErcisE-2
(BasEd on MEMory) v
S er
1. An amount of money is to be divided among P, Q
n
5. If 2x t+io3y = 78 and 3x + 2y = 72, what is the value
and R in the ratio of 3:5:7 respectively. If the amount of cxa+ y?
u
Ed(a) 36
received by R is `4000 more than the amount received (b) 32
by Q, what will be the total amount received by P
a
di
(c) 30 (d) Cannot be determined
and Q together?
In [Punjab National Bank PO, 2010]
(a) `8000 (b) `12000 n
(c) `16000 so
(d) Cannot be determined
r
6. There are some parrots and some tigers in a forest.

ea 2010]
If the total number of animal heads in the forest are
[Allahabad Bank PO,
Pin Physics, 858 and total number of animal legs are 1746, what
7
2. The total marks obtained by a student is the number of parrots in the forest?
01 is 120 more
Chemistry and Mathematics together
than the marks obtained by him2in Chemistry. What
(a) 845 (b) 833
t © by him in Physics
are the average marks obtained
h
(c) 800 (d) None of these
[Corporation Bank PO, 2010]
ig
and Mathematics together?
(a) 60 pyr (b) 120 7. There are 2 numbers such that the sum of twice the
(c) 40 C o (d) Cannot be determined irst number and thrice the second number is 100
[Allahabad Bank PO, 2010] and the sum of thrice the irst number and twice the
second number is 120. Which is the larger number?
3. Deepak has some hens and some goats. If the total
number of aminal heads is 90 and the total number (a) 32 (b) 12
of animal feet is 248, what is the total number of (c) 14 (d) 35
goats Deepak has? [Corporation Bank PO, 2010]
(a) 32 (b) 36 8. The cost of 8 pens and r pencils are `176 and the
(c) 34 (d) Cannot be determined cost of 2 pens and 2 pencils is `48. What is the cost
[Punjab National Bank PO, 2010] of 1 pen?
4. The sum of the 2 digits of a numbers is 15 and the (a) `16 (b) `14
difference between them is 3. What is the product (c) `12 (d) None of these
of the 2 digits of the 2 digits number? [Andhra Bank PO, 2009]
(a) 56 (b) 63 9. Rubina could get equal number of `55, `85 and
(c) 42 (d) None of these `105 tickets for a movie. She spents 2940 for all
[Punjab National Bank PO, 2010] the tickets. How many of each did she buy?

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M27.indd 4 9/21/2015 12:33:10 PM

 Linear Equations 27.5

(a) 12 (b) 14 16. The cost of 5 chairs and 3 tables is `3110. Cost of
(c) 16 (d) Cannot be determined 1 chair is `210 less than the cost of 1 table. What
[IBPS Bank PO, 2011] is the cost of 2 tables and 2 chairs?
10. The difference between a 2 digit number and the (a) `1660 (b) `1860
number obtained by interchanging the 2 digits of (c) `2600 (d) Cannot be determined
the number is 9. If the sum of the 2 digits of the [Bank of Baroda PO Examination, 2011]
number is 15, then what is the original number?
17. In a family of husband, wife and a daughter, the sum
(a) 89 (b) 67 of the husband’s age, twice the wife’s age and thrice
(c) 87 (d) Cannot be determined the daughters age is 85; while the sum of twice the
[OBC PO, 2009] husband’s age, 4 times the wife’s age and 6 times
28 X 140 the daughter’s age is 170. It is also given that the
11. If 3Y + 9X = 54 and = , then what is the sum of 5 times the husband’s age, ten times the
13Y 39
value of Y - X? wife’s age and 15 times the daughter’s age equals
(a) -1 (b) -2
td
450. The number of possibleLsolutions, in terms of
(c) 2 (d) 1 t. and the daughter, to
the ages of the husband, vwife
this problem is: P
[IOB PO, 2009] s
12. On a School’s Annual Day sweets were to be (a) 0
v ice (b) 1
equally distributed amongst 112 children. But on (c) 2
S er (d) ininitely many
that particular day, 32 children were absent. Thus 18. The numbern obtained by interchanging the 2 digits of
the remaining children got 6 extra sweets each. How
t io number is lesser than the original number
a 2 digit
many sweets was each child originally supposed to a If the sum of the 2 digits of the number is
byc54.
get? u
d12, then what is the original number?
E
(a) 24 (b) 18 a
(c) 15 (d) Cannot be determined
n di (a) 28 (b) 39
I (c) 82 (d) None of these
n
[IOB PO, 2009]
o [IDBI PO, 2009]
s the
ar of the
13. The difference between a 2-digit number and
19. The sum of twice of a number and thrice of 42 is
e
number obtained by interchanging the 2 digits
P the 2 238. What will be the sum of thrice of that number
number is 9. What is the difference between
digits of the number? 17 and twice of 42?
0
(a) 3 (b) 2 2 (a) 245 (b) 250
(c) 1
©
(d) tCannot be determined (c) 264 (d) 252
h
ig
r[NABARD Bank PO, 2009] [Syndicate Bank PO, 2010]
y
p on Deepawali Shooping,
14. Swapana spent `44620
Co Laptop and the remaining 32%
20. A students was asked to divide a number by 6 and
`32764 on buying add 12 to the quotient. He, however, irst added
of the total amount she had as cash with her. What 12 to the number and then divided it by 6, gets
was the total amount? 112 as the answer. The correct answer should have
(a) `36416 (b) `113800 been:
(c) `77384 (d) Cannot be determined (a) 124 (b) 122
[SBI PO, 2008] (c) 118 (d) 114
15. Rohit has some 50 paise coins, some `2 coins, some [SSC (GL), 2011]
`1 coins and some `5 coins. The value of all coins
is `50. Number of `2 coins is 5 more than the `5 21. If 4 x + 5 y = 83 and 3 x : 2 y = 21 : 22, then (y - x)
coins. 50 paise coins are double in number than `1 equals:
coin. Value of 50 paise coins and `1 coins is `26. (a) 3 (b) 4
How many `2 coins does he have? (c) 7 (d) 11
(a) 4 (b) 2 [SSC, 2014]
(c) 7 (d) Cannot be determined 22. The sum of 2 numbers is equal to 20 and their
[Union Bank of India PO, 2011] difference is 25. The ratio of the two numbers is:

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M27.indd 5 9/21/2015 12:33:11 PM

 27.6 Chapter 27

(a) 9:1 (b) 7:9 24. The graphs of x + 2y = 3 and 3x – 2y = 1 meet the
(c) 3:5 (d) 2:7 y-axis at two points having distance:
[SSC, 2014] 8 4
(a) units (b) units
23. The value of k for which the graphs of (k - 1)x + 3 3
y – 2 = 0 and (2 – k)x – 3y + 1 = 0 are parallel is:
(c) 1 units (d) 2 units
(a) 1 (b) − 1 [SSC, 2011]
2 2
(c) 2 (d) -2
[SSC, 2011]

t d
Answer Keys
t.L
ExErcisE-1 Pv
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10.
es
ic (d) 11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (d)
rv
(c)e 23. (c)
14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (a) 22. S
n
ExErcisE-2 io
c at
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8.u(d) 9. (a) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (c)
E d
a 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (d)
14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (d) 20. (b)
i
d
In
son
ar
Pe
0 17
explAnAtory Answers
2 ExErcisE-1
©
ht
ir g
1. (a) x + y = 3 y …(1) 56x + 88y = 8 and 56x + 91y = 14
2x + 3y = 7
Cop …(2) Subtracting the second equation from the irst, we get
y=3−x [From Equation (1)]; −3y = -6, i.e., y = 2
∴ 2x + 3(3 − x) = 7 ⇒ 2x + 9 − 3x = 7 1 − 11( y ) 1 − 11(2)
From Equation (1), x = = = −3
⇒ −x = − 2, i.e., x = 2 7 7
and, y = 3 − 2 = 1. ∴ x = -3 and y = 2.
∴ x = 2 and y = 1. 4. (c) 8u - 3v = 5uv,
2. (b) x + y = 7 …(1) 6u - 5v = -2uv
3x − 2y = 11 …(2)
Dividing both equations by uv, we get
y=7−x [From Equation (1)];
∴ 3x − 2(7 − x) = 11 ⇒ 3x − 14 + 2x = 11 8 3 6 5
− = 5 and − = −2.
⇒ 5x = 25, i.e., x = 5 v u v u
∴ x = 5 and, y = 2. 1 1
Putting = x and = y, we get
3. (c) 7x + 11y = 1 …(1) v u
8x + 13y = 2 …(2)
8x - 3y = 5 …(1)
Multiplying Equation (1) and Equation (2) by 8 and 7
respectively, we have and, 6x - 5y = -2 …(2)

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M27.indd 6 9/21/2015 12:33:14 PM

 Linear Equations 27.7

Multiplying Equation (1) and Equation (2) by 6 and 8, 7. (a) The given equations are
respectively, we have, x y
2 + =2 …(1)
48x - 18y = 30 and 48x - 40y = -16 a b
Subtracting the second equation from the irst, we get x y
− =4 …(2)
23 a b
22y = 46, i.e., y = −
11 Adding (1) and (2), we get
  23   x 6a
3 = 6 ⇒ 3 x = 6a ⇒ x = = 2a
 5 + 3   a
 5 + 3y    11   31 3
From Equation (1), x =  = =
 8  8 22 Putting x = 2a in (1), we get
1 11 1 22 2a y y
∴ u= = and v= = . 2 + =2 ⇒ 4+ =2
y 23 x 31 a b b
y
6 2 ⇒ = 2 − 4 = −2 td
.L
5. (a) 2(3u - v) = 5uv ⇒ − =5 b
v u
t
2 6
⇒ y = −2b
Pv
es
2(u + 3v) = 5uv ⇒ + =5
v u Hence, the required solution is x = 2a, y = -2b.
i c
Putting
1
= x and
1
= y, we get 8. (c) We have, e rv 6
4 x + = 15 …(1)
v u S y
6x - 2y = 5 …(1) 8tio
n
6 x −a = 14 …(2)
2x + 6y = -2 …(2)
u cy
Multiplying Equation (1), and Equation (2) by 3 and 1 EdMultiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2, we get
respectively, we have
d ia 18
18x - 6y = 15 and 2x + 6y = 5 In 12 x + = 45 …(3)
Adding these two equations, we get 20x = 20,oi.e., n y

x=1 r s 16
a 12 x − = 28 …(4)
5 e 1
 6 x − 5   6 × 1 −P y
From Equation (1), y =  =
   =
 2   7 2  2
1 Subtracting equation (4) from equation (3), we get
1
∴ u = = 2 and v= = 1
1 20 34 34
t©
= 17 ⇒ y= =2
y x y 17
h
6. (c) ax + by = a - b andrig bx - ay = a + b Putting y = 2 in equation (1), we get
y
Here,
a 1
=
a
C
and
obp = − b ⇒ a ≠ b
1 1 1
4x +
6
= 15 ⇒ 4 x + 3 = 15 ⇒ 4 x = 15 − 3
a 2 b b a2 a b 2 2
2

Therefore, a unique solution exists. 12

⇒ 4x = 12 ⇒ x= =3
14
Writing the coeficients in the following array
Hence, the solution is x = 3, y = 2. Now,
b a-b a b
y = px - 2 ⇒ 2 ⇒ p(3) - 2
-a a+b b -a
4
x y ⇒ 3p = 4 ⇒ p= .
we get, = 3
b( a + b) + a ( a − b) b( a − b) − a ( a + b)
2 2 1
9. (b) We have, + = …(1)
−1 x 3y 6
= 2
−a − b 2
3 2
+ =0 …(2)
x y 1 x y
⇒ 2 2
= 2 2
= 2
b +a −b − a a + b2
1 1
Putting = u and = u , we get
∴ x = 1 and y = - 1. x v

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M27.indd 7 9/21/2015 12:33:24 PM

 27.8 Chapter 27

2 1 1 −1
2u + v = …(3) x=− and y =
3 6 2 2
3u + 2v = 0 …(4) 1
1 ∴ x= y=± .
Multiplying equation (4) by , we get 2
3
2 15. (c) We have, 2x + y = 35 …(1)
u+ v=0 …(5)
3 3x + 4y = 65 …(2)
Subtracting equation (5) from equation (3), we get From equation (1), y = 35 - 2x
Putting this value of y in (2), we get
1
u= 3x + 4(35 - 2x) = 65 ⇒ 3x + 140 - 8x = 65
6
⇒ -5x = 65 - 140 = -75
1
Putting u = in (4), we get −75
6 ⇒ x= = 15
−5
1
3   + 2v − 0 ⇒
1
+ 2v − 0 td
.L
Substituting this value of x in y = 35 - 2x, we get
6 2
t
Pv
y = 35 - 2(15) = 35 - 30 = 5
1 1
⇒ 2v = − ⇒ v=−
2 4 x 15 s
ice
∴ = = 3.
y 5
1 1 1
v
er
Now, u = ⇒ = ⇒ x=6
6 x 6
S
16. (a) Let, that I am x years old and my son is y years old.
and, v = −
1
4
⇒
1
y
=−
1
4
⇒ y = −4
t i on
Then, according to the irst condition of the problem,

ca
x = 3y …(1)
Hence, the solution is x = 6, y = -4. Again, u
Five years later, my age = (x + 5) years and my son’s age
y = ax - 4 ⇒ -4 ⇒ a(6) - 4 Ed
= (y + 5) years.
⇒ 6a = -4 + 4 ⇒ 6a = 0
d ia Then, according to the second condition of the problem,
0 In 1
⇒ a = = 0. n x + 5 = 2 ( y + 5) …(2)
6
rso 2
a
10. (d) Multiplying each equation throughout by xy, we get
Pe
Putting x = 3y from (1), we get
3x + 2y = 9 and, 9x + 4y = 21
17
1 5
On solving these equations, we get 3 y + 5 = 2 ( y + 5) ⇒ 3 y + 5 = ( y + 5)
x = 1, y = 3. 20 2 2
1 © 1 ⇒ 6y + 10 = 5(y + 5)
11. (a) First equation gives
ht
= 2 − x or, y =
2− x [Multiplying both sides by 2]
y
ir g
py
second equation is y(2x - 3) = -2 ⇒ 6y + 10 = 5y + 25

2x − 3 C o ⇒ 6y - 5y = 25 - 10
or, = −2 ∴ 2x - 3 = -2(2 - x) ⇒ y = 15
2
Putting y = 15 in (1) in (2), we get x = 3(15) = 45
or, 2x - 3 = -4 + 2x
Hence, I am 45 years old and my son is 15 years old, at
This gives 1 = 0
present.
This is impossible. So, these is no solution at all.
17. (a) Let, there be x hens and y cows
12. (a) The equations are consistent if
Then, x + y = 48 …(1)
a b and, 2x + 4y = 140 …(2)
= i.e., if ad = bc.
c d Solving (1) and (2), we get x = 26.
13. (d) |x + y| = 1, Û x + y = 1 18. (c) Let, the number of boys be x and the number of girls
or, -(x + y) = 1 i.e., x + y = -1 be y
Solving x + y = 1, x - y = 0, we get Then, x + y = 150
1 1 25 50
x= and y = x+ y = 49
2 2 100 100
Solving x + y = -1 and x - y = 0, we get Solving x + y = 150 and x + 2y = 196, we get x = 104.

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M27.indd 8 9/21/2015 12:33:30 PM

 Linear Equations 27.9

19. (b) we have, ax + by = c …(1) 21. (a) For the equation, cx + 3y = c - 3 and 12x + cy
lx + my = n …(2) = c to have an infinite number of solutions we must
Here, a1 = a, b1 = b, c1 = c have,
a2 = l, b2 = m, c2 = n. c 3 (c − 3) c 3 c (c − 3)
= = ⇒ = and =
If the given system of linear equations has a unique solution, 12 c c 12 c 12 c
a1 b1
≠ ⇒
a b
≠ ⇒ am ≠ bl ⇒ c2 = 36 and c2 =12c - 36
a2 b2 l m ⇒ c = ± 6 and (c - 6)2 = 0
20. (c) we have, kx + 2y = 5 …(1) ⇒ c = ± 6 and c = 6
3x + y = 1 …(2) ⇒ c = 6.
Here, a1 = k, b1 = 2, c1 = 5 22. (c) For no solution to exist. we need
a2 = 3, b2 = 1, c2 = 1 a1 b1 c1 2 2
The given system of equations will have a unique solution = ≠ ⇒ = , i.e., k = 3.
a2 b2 c2 3 k
if
a1 b1
≠ i.e., if,
k 2
≠ L td
a2 b2 3 1 . we require
23. (c) For a unique solution to texist.
P v
a b 2 k
i.e., if
k
≠ 2 i.e., if k ≠ 6.
1
≠ 1
⇒
e s k ≠ − 23 .
≠ , i.e.,

vic
3 a 2 b 2 3 − 1
r
Se
n
ExErcisE-2
a tio
(BasEd on MEMory
d uc )
E
1. (c) Let, P, Q and R got `3x, `5x and `7x. i a 4. (d) x + y = 15 …(1)
n d
7x - 5x = 4000 I x-y=3 …(2)
x = 2000 o n Add Equation (1) and (2),
s
P + Q = 3x + 5x = 8x = `16000.
e ar x = 9, y = 6
2. (a) Let, marks got in physics, chemistry andPmathematics Product of two digits of the number = 9 × 6 = 54
are P, C and M.
1 7
20
5. (c) 2x + 3y = 78 …(1)
P + C + M = C + 120
3x + 2y = 72 …(2)
∴ P + M = 120
t ©
P+M gh Multiplying by 2 in Equation (1) and 3 in Equation (2)
i
yr
= 60. and subtract.
2
3. (c) (H) Hens has one
p
o head and two feet. 4 x + 6 y = 156
C
(G) Goats has one head and four feet.
9x + 6 y = 216
According to question, − − −
H + G = 90 …(1) −5x = − 60
2H + 4G = 248 …(2) x =12
Multiplying by 2 in equation (1) and subtract Put the value of x in Equation (1)
2H + 2G =
180 2 × 12 + 3y = 78
2H + 4G =
148 y = 18
− − Then x + y = 12 + 18 = 30
–2G = –80 ∴ G = 34 6. (d) P + T = 858 …(1)

∴ Number of goats = 34 (Because both have one head)

Put the value of G in Equation (1), 2P + 4T = 1746 …(2)
H + 34 = 90 (Because parrot has two legs and tiger has four legs)
H = 56 Multiply by 2 in Equation (1) and substract

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M27.indd 9 9/21/2015 12:33:33 PM

 27.10 Chapter 27

2P + 2T =
1716 From Equation (1) and (2),
−2P + 4T =1746 X = 5, Y = 3
− − − ∴ Y - X = 3 - 5 = -2
− 2T = −30 12. (c) Let, each child got x sweets.
∴ T = 15 ∴ 112 × x = (112 - 32) × (x + 6)
P = 843 112x = 80 × (x + 6)
112x = 80x + 480
7. (a) 2x + 3y = 100 …(1)
112x - 80x = 480
3x + 2y = 120 …(2)
32x = 480
Multiply by 3 in Equation (1) and multiply by 2 in Equation
x =15
(2) and then subtracted
6x + 9 y =300 13. (c) Let, the number is 10x + y.
6x + 4 y =240 (10x + y) - (10y + x) = 9
− − − ⇒ 9x - 9y = 9
t d
5 y = 60 ∴ Required difference x - y = 1
t.L
y = 12 14. (b) Let, total amount was `x.
Pv
x = 32 ∴
c es
x - (44620 + 32764) =
i
x × 32
8. (d) Let, the cost of one pen is `x and the cost of one
pencil is `y.
v
⇒ x - 77384er= 0.32 x
100

S = 77384
8x + 4y = 176 …(1) n
⇒ x - 0.32x
2x + 2y = 48 …(2) tio = 77384
⇒ 0.68x
a
Multiplying by 2 in Equation (2), c 77384
4x + 4y = 96 …(3) dxu=
E 0.68
Substracting Equation (3) and (1),
d ia = 113800
8x + 4 y = 176
In
4x + 4 y = 96 n 15. (c) Let, 50 paise coins = 2x and `1 coins = x both are
− − − rso `26 then the number of `1 coins will be 13 and number
a of 50 paise coins will be 26. Remaining amount = 50
4 x = 80 Pe - 26 = 24. Now if `5 coins are x in number then `2
x = 20
So, the cost of one pen = `20 0 17 coins will be x + 5. Then, with the help of hit and trial
method `5 coins will be in number and `2 coins will
2 be x + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 in number.
9. (a) Let, total tickets = x ©
ht
Then, 55 × x + 85 × x + 105 × x = 2940 16. (a) Let, the cost of one Chair = C
⇒ 245x = 2940 ir g and the cost of one Table = T

⇒ x=
2940 o py Then, 5C + 3T = 3110 …(1)
245 C and,
⇒ x = 12 T - C = 210 or, T = 210 + C …(2)
10. (c) Let, the number is 10x + y On putting value of T in Equation (1),
(When number at unit place is y and at tens place is x) 5C + 3(210 + C) = 3110
(10x + y) - (10y + x) = 9 ⇒ 5C + 630 + 3C = 3110
x-y =1 …(1) ⇒ 8C = 3110 - 630
x + y = 15 …(2) 2480
⇒ C= = `310
Solving Equation (1) and (2) we get, 8
x=8 ∴ Cost of one Table (T) = 210 + 310
y=7 = 520
Required number = 10 × 8 + 7 = 87 Hence, the cost of two Tables and two Chairs.
11. (b) 3Y + 9X = 54 …(1) = 2T + 2C
28 X 140 = 2 × 520 + 2 × 310
=
13Y 39 = 1040 + 620
1820Y - 1092X = 0 …(2) = `1660

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M27.indd 10 9/21/2015 12:33:33 PM

 Linear Equations 27.11

17. (a) Let, the husband’s age be x. Now, according to the question,
Let, the wife’s age be y. 4x + 5y = 83
Let, the daughter’s age be z. ⇒ 4 × 7 k + 5 × 11k = 83
According to questions, ⇒ 28k + 55k = 83
x + 2y + 3z = 85 …(1) ⇒ 83k = 83 ⇒ k = 1
2x + 4y + 6z = 170 …(2) ⇒ x = 7 and y = 11
5x + 10y + 15z = 450 …(3)
∴ y − x = 11 − 7 = 4
From Equation (2), x + 2y + 3z = 85
From Equation (3), x + 2y + 3z = 90
22. (a) Let, numbers be x and y.
From Equation (1), x + 2y + 3z = 85
Now, according to the question,
Hence, the above system of equation will give no solution.
x + y = 25 …(1)
18. (d) Let, required number = 10 x + y x - y = 20 …(2)
Where x > y On adding (1) and (2), we have, t d
According to question, 2x = 45
t.L
Pv
(10 x + y) - (10 y + x) = 54
45
es
⇒ 9 x - 9 y = 54 ⇒ x= = 22.5
2
⇒ 9 (x - y) = 54 i c
⇒ x-y=6 …(1)
From equation (1),
e rv
and, x + y = 12 …(2)
22.5 + y = 25 S
⇒ y = 25
o n - 22.5 = 2.5
From Equation (1) and (2), ∴ a t i
Required ratio = 22.5:2.5 = 9:1
x-y=6
u
23. (a)cThe graphs of (k-1) x + y - 2 = 0 and (2 -k)x - 3y
x + y = 12 Ed+ 1 = 0 are parallel.
2x = 18
d ia k −1 1
x=9 In ∴ =
2 − k −3
⇒ − 3k + 3 = 2 − k

Value of x = 9, put in Equation (2)

s on ⇒ − 3k + k = 2 − 3 ⇒ − 2k = −1
9 + y = 12 ar 1
Pe
⇒ k=
y = 12 - 9 2
y=3
0 17 Note:
∴ Number = 10 × 9 + 3 = 90 + 3 = 932
t©
19. (d) According to the question, number = x
h
Two straight lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
are parallel if,
rig
x × 2 + 42 × 3 = 238
2x = 112
o
x = 56
py a1 b1 c1
= ≠
a2 b2 c2
C
Again 3 × 56 + 42 × 2 = 168 + 84 = 252 Alternative method:
20. (b) Let, the number be x
(k − 1) x + y − 2 = 0
x + 12
Therefore, = 112 ⇒ y = (1 − k ) x + 2 …(1)
6
⇒ x + 12 = 672 and, (2 − k ) x − 3 y + 1 = 0
⇒ x = 672 - 12 = 660 ⇒ 3 y = (2 − k ) x + 1
Hence, correct answer
2−k  1
=
660
+ 12 = 110 + 12 = 122.
∴ y= x + …(2)
6  3  3

3 x 21 ∵ m1 = m2
21. (b) = 2−k
2 y 22 ⇒ 1− k = ⇒ 3 − 3k = 2 − k
3
x 21 2 7 x y 1
⇒ = × = ⇒ = =k ∴ k=
y 22 3 11 7 11 2

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M27.indd 11 9/21/2015 12:33:37 PM

 27.12 Chapter 27

24. (d) On y-axis, x = 0 2

3 1
Required distance = (0 − 0) +  + 
2
Putting x = 0 in x + 2 y = 3, ∴
2 2
3
2y = 3 ⇒ y = = 0 + 4 = 2 units
2
Putting x = 0 in 3 x − 2 y = 1
1 Note:
−2 y = 1 ⇒ y = −
2
3 1
 3 Distance = + =2
 1 2 2
∴ Points on y-axis are  0,  and  0, −  .
 2  2

td
t.L
Pv
s
v ice
Ser
t i on
uca
Ed
d ia
In
s on
ar
Pe
0 17
2
©
ht
ir g
o py
C

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M27.indd 12 9/21/2015 12:33:40 PM