The Middle Ages: Norman England Chapter 6

Term Definition 3.6 EXPLORE life and death in medieval times

Anti-Semitism Hatred of the Jews The Middle Ages in Norman England
Apprentice The first stage of becoming a master craftsman. The Middle Ages began after the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, introducing feudalism: rulers owned land which was divided among lords and nobles in return for loyalty and taxes.
Black Death A disease spread by fleas on rats (also called the Bubonic Plague). These vassals (subjects) were given a fief (land) which they could hire peasants to farm while swearing an oath of fealty to the king with the promise to fight for him and provide troops
Cathedral A large church in a diocese where the bishop says mass. for any wars. Medicine and religion had a massive impact on life in medieval times. The Catholic Church controlled the religion of the region while in medicine, people continued to follow
the teachings of the Ancient Greeks and their theory of the four humours. Treatments included: bleeding, cupping, leeching, amputation and herbal medicines. Common diseases
A contract whereby a town was granted freedom to run its own affairs but paid
Charter included: typhoid, leprosy, smallpox, dysentery and influenza. People often died of minor ailments and infections due to poor diet and hygiene. Many women died in childbirth too
taxes to the king.
while child mortality rates were high.
Chivalry The code of behaviour of Knights during medieval times.
Common A shared area of land where villagers let their animals graze. Life on Medieval Countrysides Life as a Peasant Castles
A rule which meant people had to have fires put out while also confining them Most people lived in the countryside with the peasants making Freemen had to pay rent to the lord of the manor as well as Upon receiving land from a king, a lord quickly built a
Curfew
to their own homes after a particular time at night up most of the population. They lived in manors (villages) paying a tithe (tax of 1/10 of their income) to the church. motte-and-bailey castle. A hill (motte) with a wooden tower
Fallow A field left empty for one year to allow it time to restore its nutrients. which were owned by a lord or knight. An open field system Serfs belonged to the lord but were a step up from slaves. (keep) on top that also had an enclosed area (bailey) at its
A way of dividing power and land ownership. The King or lord gave land to his was used for farming (dividing three large fields into long strips They farmed the lord's land for six days a week in return for base for soldiers. A moat of water sometimes surrounded
Feudal System while a fourth, the commons, was used for grazing). Crop a small plot of land to builda house. Serfs lived in wattle this and the only way across was via a drawbridge. These
vassals in return for money, loyalty and service.
rotation was used where two fields were used to grow crops and daub houses. They could not leave the manor at will nor were later relaced with stone castles with curtain walls
Fief A plot of land given to a noble or knight.
while the third was left fallow to regain nutrients lost. could they marry without their lord's permission. Their diest that protected the keep. The keep held the lord's
Freeman A peasant who could come and go from a town as they pleased.
consisted of bread, cheese, pottage and ale. apartment, the great hall and the chapel. Sieges took place
Friar A type of monk. They preferred to travel from place to place. to capture castles.
Gothic A type of architecture with pointed windows and arches.
Lords and Ladies War and soldiers Knights
An organisation of master craftsmen that ensures high standards are
Guild
maintained with their particular trade. Medieval lords held great power due to keeping order on his Foot soldiers (peasants) made up the largest part of a Knights were nobles who swore an oath of chivalry and
Someone who has completed their training as an apprentice and can obtain land and acting as a judge. Ladies were married at a young age medieval army who used weapons such as spears, swords and allegiance to their lord/king, often fighting on horseback.
Journeyman with her family paying a dowry to the groom. A lady's duty was daggers while wearing shields and leather padded jackets for They wore full armour including chainmail, a shield and
work with another master craftsman.
to bear children and run the household for their husband. protection. Archers were armed with a bow and arrows helmet while using lances, swords or maces. They went
Keep The building inside the walls of a castle where the lord and lady lived.
Lords' entertainment involved hunting, hawking and holding (longbow or crossbow) and wore little protection. During the through three stages of training: as a page (age 7) and
Knight A professional soldier who fought on horseback.
tournaments such as jousting. Lords and Ladies held feasts in Medieval Ages, war was very common and gave peasants the squire (age 14) they would learn the role of a knight before
Manor A village and the land around it in the Middle Ages the great hall as a display of their power while jesters and chance to gain reputation on the battlefield. partaking in the dubbing ceremony where they would
Master craftsman A journeyman who has made a masterpiece and joined a guild. minstrels provided entertainment. become a knight (age 21). They received a manor from the
A temporary castle made from timber; a motte was a small artificial hill with a lord as a reward.
Motte and Bailey wooden keep at the top while the enclosed area at the bottom of the hill was
Medieval Towns Craftsmen Religion
the bailey.
Nunnery Convent; building that is occupied by nuns in a religious order. Most towns were built alongside a river or coast for trade and Craftsmen included bakers, butchers, blacksmiths, Medieval Europe was mostly Catholic, and the Pope was its
crossings, or near a castle for protection. Medieval towns carpenters, coopers and stonemasons. They paid to be part most powerful leader. Catholic Europe was divided into
Sworn by a knight to be loyal to his lord, protect the poor and weak, and to be
Oath of Chivalry needed a charter from the king which meant it paid taxes to of a guild which was an organisation of people of the same dioceses (run by archbishops and bishops) that were broken
brave in battle.
the king. Towns were run by a major who kept the town in trade. They set the standard for the quality of goods as well down into parishes (run by priests). Romanesque (rounded)
Open The system of farming where peasants were each given strips of land to farm in
good condition and enforced the curfew (fires were put out as looking after craftsmen when they got old/sick. There and gothic (arched) styles were common. Priests could read
Field System large fields.
before nightfall because towns were at constant threat of were three stages to becoming a master craftsman, starting and write so were often appointed as secretaries to lords.
Peasants The people who worked on a lord's land. fire). Features of a medieval town included: a high street, as an apprentice (12) to learn the trade before working as a They said mass in Latin, tended to the sick and preformed
Timber frames used in medieval times for punishment when people had their church, narrow streets, strong gates, the fair green and high journeyman (19). A masterpiece had to be created to ceremonies for weddings and baptisms.
Pillory and stocks
heads locked in place (pillory) or their legs locked in place (stocks) walls. Streets were narrow, unpaved and very muddy while become a master.
A heavy iron gate that was lowered to close the entrance to a castle during an people left waste and emptied their chamber pots in the
Portcullis
attack. streets.
Pottage A thick soup made from oats and vegetables and eaten by peasants. Monasteries The Black Death
Romanesque A type of architecture with rounded windows and arches.
People who wanted to be closer to God continued to live in The Black Death killed one-third of Europe's population between 1347 and 1350. The bubonic plague was carried by
Rule of St Benedict Rules for monasteries and nunneries
monasteries (monks) or convents (nuns). Monasteries were fleas on rats that arrived from the Black Sea. It was very contagious, killing up to 80% of those infected as it spread
Serf An unfree peasant farmer who lived and worked on a medieval manor. places of education and wealth, usually containing a through sneezing, spitting or touching dead bodies which were abandoned in the streets. Symptoms included oozing
The Pale The area within and around Dublin where English rule was at its strongest. refectory, a dormitory, cloisters, a chapter house, an swellings, discoloured skin and phlegm. Many believed it was God's anger while others blamed outsider groups such as
Tithe The payment of one-tenth of a peasant's annual income to the Church. almonry, an infirmary and a hostel. An abbot was the head of the Jews.
Vassal A person who received land (a fief) from the king or a lord. a monastery while an abbess was head of a convent. Monks
started as novices (15) and swore vows of poverty, chastity
and obedience. Friars lived in the towns.

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