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The Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, edited by Cai Fang and Peter Nolan, provides a comprehensive overview of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), detailing its theoretical foundations, historical context, and practical implementations. It includes 117 entries organized into 12 parts covering key topics such as China's economic reforms, international cooperation, and case studies of BRI projects. This handbook serves as an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and observers interested in the BRI's impact on global connectivity and economic development.

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23 views163 pages

(Ebook) Routledge Handbook of The Belt and Road by Fang Cai, Peter Nolan ISBN 9780367195267, 9780429515057, 0367195267, 0429515057 PDF Download

The Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road, edited by Cai Fang and Peter Nolan, provides a comprehensive overview of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), detailing its theoretical foundations, historical context, and practical implementations. It includes 117 entries organized into 12 parts covering key topics such as China's economic reforms, international cooperation, and case studies of BRI projects. This handbook serves as an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, and observers interested in the BRI's impact on global connectivity and economic development.

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i

ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK
OF THE BELT AND ROAD

Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2013, a devel-
opment strategy involving infrastructure development and investments in countries in Europe,
Asia and Africa. It has rapidly turned into action, reflected in the establishment of a series of
international cooperation mechanisms, landing of cooperation projects and harvest of some
early results. The influence is huge, and controversy is not unexpected. As one of the most
frequently mentioned concepts in the official media, how does the “bid to enhance regional
connectivity” construct a unified large market through cultural exchange and integration in
practice? What is the status quo of building an innovative pattern with capital inflows, talent
pool and technology database?
Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road is an initial review of the theory and practice of BRI,
and is the first handbook of its kind. Contributors are leading subject researchers, aiming to
reflect the original intentions and principles, history and current situation, basic knowledge and
latest studies. A total of 117 entries related to the BRI have been included, organised into 12
clear parts covering the following key topics:

• China’s reform and opening-​up and formation of the BRI


• Backstory, concept and framework
• The five roads and six economic corridors
• Foreign affairs with Chinese characteristics
• International action plans relevant and similar to the BRI
• Case studies of the BRI implementation and promotion

Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road is an essential guide for researchers, practitioners and
observers involved in the BRI construction. Global think tanks, media practitioners and univer-
sities will also find the book a useful reference.

Cai Fang is Professor of Economics,Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
and President of National Institute for Global Strategy (NIGS), China.

Peter Nolan is Professor of Chinese Development and Director of the Centre of Development
Studies, University of Cambridge, UK.
ii

Routledge International Handbooks

The Routledge Handbook of Latin American Development


Edited by Julie Cupples, Marcela Palomina-Schalscha and Manuel Prieto

The Routledge International Handbook of Embodied Perspectives


in Psychotherapy: Approaches from Dance Movement and Body
Psychotherapies
Edited by Helen Payne, Sabine Koch, Jennifer Tantia and Thomas Fuchs

The Routledge Handbook of Teaching Landscape


Edited by Elke Mertens, Nilgül Karadeniz, Karsten Jørgensen, Richard Stiles

The Routledge International Handbook of Spirituality in Society and the


Professions
Edited by Laszlo Flanagan and Bernadette Flanagan

The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy


in Asia
Edited by Andy Kirkpatrick and Anthony J. Liddicoat

Routledge International Handbook of Migration Studies 2e


Edited by Steven J. Gold and Stephanie J. Nawyn

Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Feminism


Edited by Tasha Oren and Andrea Press

Routledge Handbook of the Belt and Road


Edited by Cai Fang and Peter Nolan

Routledge Handbook of Language Acquisition


Edited by Jessica S. Horst and Janne von Koss Torkildsen

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/​Routledge-​International-​


Handbooks/​book-​series/​RIHAND
iii

ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK
OF THE BELT AND ROAD

Edited by Cai Fang and Peter Nolan


iv

This book is published with financial support from the Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences.
First published in English 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 selection and editorial matter, Cai Fang and Peter Nolan; individual chapters, the contributors
Executive editors: Wang Linggui, Zhao Jianglin
Translated by Fu Yili
The right of Cai Fang and Peter Nolan to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and
of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections
77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
English version by permission of China Social Sciences Press.
British Library Cataloguing-​in-​Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-​in-​Publication Data
Names: Cai, Fang, editor. | Nolan, Peter, 1949–
Title: Routledge handbook of the belt and road / edited by Cai Fang and Peter Nolan.
Other titles:Yi dai yi lu shou ce. English.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |
Series: Routledge international handbooks
Identifiers: LCCN 2018058029 (print) | LCCN 2019003441 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780429203039 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367195267 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: China–Commerce. | China–Commercial policy. |
China–Foreign economic relations. | Economic development–Developing countries.
Classification: LCC HF3836.5 (ebook) |
LCC HF3836.5 .Y53613 2019 (print) | DDC 381.0951–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018058029
ISBN: 978-​0-​367-​19526-​7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-​0-​429-​20303-​9 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by Newgen Publishing UK
v

CONTENTS

List of contributors  xv
Foreword  xviii
Preface: the Silk Road by land and sea  xxi

PART I
Contribution of China’s reform and opening up to the world and
formation of the Belt and Road Initiative  1

1 The historic contribution of China’s reform and opening up to the world  3


Zhou Fangye

2 Developing an open economy and the Belt and Road  9


Zhou Fangye

3 China’s economic restructuring and the Belt and Road  15


Zhou Fangye

4 Innovation-​driven development and the Belt and Road  21


Zhou Fangye

5 Responsibilities of China as a major country and the Belt and Road  27


Zhou Fangye

6 Confidence of a major country and the Belt and Road  33


Zhou Fangye

7 Deficit in development and the Belt and Road  38


Xu Liping

v
vi

Contents

8 Deficit in peace and the Belt and Road  43


Yang Xiaoping

9 Deficit in governance and the Belt and Road  47


Wang Xiaoling

PART II
Historic inheritance  51

10 Naming of the Silk Road  53


Dong Xiangrong

11 A brief history of the Silk Road  57


Dong Xiangrong

12 The Overland Silk Road  63


Dong Xiangrong

13 The Maritime Silk Road  68


Dong Xiangrong

14 Silk road and exchanges among different countries  74


Dong Xiangrong

15 The Silk Road spirit  80


Dong Xiangrong

PART III
Formation and framework of the concept  87

16 Process for proposing the concept  89


Wang Yuzhu

17 Background  94
Wang Yuzhu

18 The Belt and Road Initiative framework  99


Wang Yuzhu and Li Shicheng

19 Basic contents  106


Xu Juan and Wang Yuzhu

20 Basic principles  111


Wang Yuzhu and Jiang Fangfei

vi
vii

Contents

21 Partners  116
Xu Juan and Wang Yuzhu

22 General ideas  123


Wang Yuzhu and Jiang Fangfei

23 Directions of cooperation  127


Fu Jingjun

24 Cooperation mechanisms  131


Ge Cheng

25 Organisational structure  136


Liu Junsheng

PART IV
The five roads  143

26 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Peace  145
Xie Laihui

27 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Prosperity  150
Xie Laihui

28 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Openness  155
Xie Laihui

29 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road of Innovation  160
Xie Laihui

30 The Belt and Road Initiative and the Road Connecting Different
Civilisations  165
Xie Laihui

PART V
Five types of connectivity  171

31 Policy coordination  173


Qin Sheng

32 Connectivity of infrastructure  178


Li Tianguo

vii
viii

Contents

33 Unimpeded trade  182


Shen Minghui

34 Financial integration  186


Shen Minghui

35 Understanding between people  190


Qin Sheng

PART VI
The six economic corridors  195

36 The China–​Mongolia–​Russia Economic Corridor  197


Wang Jinbo

37 The New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor  202


Wang Jinbo

38 The China–​Central Asia–​West Asia Economic Corridor  207


Wang Jinbo

39 The China–​Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor  213


Wang Jinbo

40 The China–​Pakistan Economic Corridor  218


Wang Jinbo

41 BCIM Economic Corridor  223


Wang Jinbo

PART VII
Theories and concepts of the foreign affairs with Chinese characteristics  229

42 Major-​country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics  231


Zhong Feiteng

43 New-​type international relations  236


Zhong Feiteng

44 New-​type major-​country relations  241


Zhong Feiteng

45 The community with a shared future for mankind  246


Li Zhifei

viii
ix

Contents

46 Two Centenary Goals  252


Yang Danzhi

47 Win–​win cooperation  257


Yang Danzhi

48 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership  263


Liu Junsheng

49 The approach of upholding justice while pursuing shared interests  267


Yang Danzhi

50 Amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness  272


Li Zhifei

51 Sincerity, practical results, affinity and good faith  277


Yang Danzhi

PART VIII
Core concepts  283

52 Bridge development strategies  285


Xu Xiujun

53 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank  290


Xu Xiujun

54 Silk Road Fund  294


Xu Xiujun

55 New Development Bank  300


Xu Xiujun

56 China–​ASEAN Cooperation Fund  306


Xu Xiujun

57 Production capacity cooperation  310


Xu Xiujun

58 Cross-​border industrial parks  315


Xu Xiujun

59 Free trade area in China  319


Tian Feng
ix
x

Contents

60 Free trade ports  323


Zhang Zhongyuan

61 Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation Dialogue Mechanism for


Macroeconomic Policies  327
Feng Weijiang

62 New industrial innovation cooperation  332


Tian Feng

63 Promoting the international infrastructure network  337


Tian Feng

64 Standard setting and institutional building for international infrastructure  341


Tian Feng

65 Global value chain development and supply chain  346


Tian Feng

66 Promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency cooperation  351


Wang Yongzhong

67 Tackle climate change  355


Tian Huifang

68 Sustainable development  360


Tian Huifang

69 Trade and investment facilitation  364


Feng Weijiang

70 People-​to-​people exchanges and cooperation  368


Xiao He

71 Exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations  372


Xue Li

PART IX
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation  379

72 Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation  381


Ding Gong

x
xi

Contents

73 Thematic Session on Connectivity of Development Policies


and Strategies  386
Ding Gong

74 Thematic Session on Infrastructure Connectivity  390


Ding Gong

75 Thematic Session on Trade Connectivity  394


Ding Gong

76 Thematic Session on Financial Connectivity  398


Qu Caiyun

77 Thematic Session on People-​to-​People Connectivity  403


Qu Caiyun

78 Thematic Session on Think-​Tank Exchanges  408


Qu Caiyun

PART X
International action plans relevant to the Belt and Road Initiative  413

79 The Sustainable Development of the 2030 Agenda with the


Belt and Road Initiative  415
Tian Huifang

80 Addis Ababa Action Agenda with the Belt and Road Initiative  420
Liu Wei

81 African Agenda 2063 with the Belt and Road Initiative  425
Xiao He

82 Ancient Civilisations Forum with the Belt and Road Initiative  430
Xiao He

83 Connectivity blueprint of Asia–​Pacific Economic Cooperation


with the Belt and Road Initiative  435
Liu Wei

84 ASEAN Community Vision 2025 with the Belt and


Road Initiative  439
Xue Li and Liu Tianyi

xi
xii

Contents

85 Asia–​Europe Meeting and its connectivity working group with


the Belt and Road Initiative  443
Liu Wei

86 Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European


Countries with the Belt and Road Initiative  448
Tian Feng

87 China–​Europe Land–​Sea Express Route with the Belt and Road


Initiative  453
Xue Li

88 Middle Corridor Initiative with the Belt and Road Initiative  457
Xue Li

89 China–​EU Connectivity Platform (Juncker Plan) with the Belt and


Road Initiative  462
Liu Wei and Wei Siying

90 Eastern Partnership with the Belt and Road Initiative  467


Xiao He

91 Eurasian Partnership Plan based on equal, open and transparent


principles with the Belt and Road Initiative  472
Feng Weijiang

92 Initiative for Integration of the Regional Infrastructure in South


America with the Belt and Road Initiative  476
Xiao He

93 The Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025 with the Belt and
Road Initiative  480
Xue Li and Liu Tianyi

94 The Paris Agreement with the Belt and Road Initiative  483
Tian Huifang

95 Trans-​European Transport Networks with the Belt and


Road Initiative  488
Feng Weijiang

96 Western Balkan 6 Connectivity Agenda with the Belt and


Road Initiative  492
Xiao He

xii
xiii

Contents

97 Trade Facilitation Agreement of WTO with the Belt and


Road Initiative  497
Feng Weijiang

PART XI
International plans similar to the Belt and Road Initiative  501

98 Silk Road Tourism Programme (United Nations)  503


Wei Siying

99 New Silk Road Plan (USA)  508


Wei Siying

100 Eurasian Economic Union (Russia)  512


Tian Guangqiang and Liu Wei

101 Quality Infrastructure Partnership Plan (Japan)  517


Liu Jingye

102 Project Mausam Plan (India)  521


Wu Zhaoli

103 Global Maritime Axis Strategy (Indonesia)  526


Liu Jingye

104 Northern Australia Development Plan (Australia)  530


Pang Jiaxin

105 Amber Railway Freight Corridor (Poland)  535


Pang Jiaxin

106 Suez Canal Economic Corridor (Egypt)  540


Tian Guangqiang

107 Lamu Port–​South Sudan–​Ethiopia Transportation Corridor (Kenya)  544


Pang Jiaxin

108 Two-​corridor and one-​r ing plan (Vietnam)  549


Liu Jingye

109 Steppe Road Plan (Mongolia)  554


Tian Guangqiang

xiii
xiv

Contents

110 Bright Road Plan (Kazakhstan)  559


Pang Jiaxin

111 New Northward Expansion Policy (South Korea)  564


Pang Jiaxin

PART XII
Case studies of BRI implementation and promotion  569

112 Case studies of infrastructure connectivity building  571


Zhang Zhongyuan

113 Case studies of production capacity cooperation  577


Zhang Zhongyuan

114 Case studies of trade and investment facilitation  582


Zhang Zhongyuan

115 Case studies of financial cooperation  587


Zhang Zhongyuan

116 Case studies of people-​to-​people exchanges  593


Zhang Zhongyuan

117 The China International Import Expo  598


Zhang Zhongyuan

Index  604

xiv
xv

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

丁工 Ding Gong is an Assistant Research Fellow, National Institute of International Strategy,


Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

董向荣 Dong Xiangrong is a Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of International


Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

冯维江 Feng Weijiang is a Senior Research Fellow, Institute of World Economics and Politics,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

富景筠 Fu Jingyun is an Associate Research Fellow, National Institute of International


Strategy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

葛成 Ge Cheng is an Assistant Research Fellow, National Institute of International Strategy,


Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

蒋芳菲 Jiang Fangfei is a PhD Candidate, National Institute of International Strategy, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences.

李嗜成 Li Shicheng is a PhD Candidate, National Institute of International Strategy, Chinese


Academy of Social Sciences.

李天国 Li Tianguo is an Assistant Research Fellow, National Institute of International Strategy,


Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

李志斐 Li Zhifei is an Associate Research Fellow, National Institute of International Strategy,


Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

刘静烨 Liu Jingye is an Assistant Research Fellow, Institute of Chinese Borderland Studies,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

xv
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