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THE LONGMAN HANDBOOK OF
MODERN BRITISH HISTORY 1714–2001

Also by Chris Cook and John Stevenson

British Historical Facts: 1760–1830
The Longman Handbook of Modern European History 1763–1997
British Historical Facts: 1688–1760
The Longman Companion to Britain since 1945
Britain in the Depression: Society and Politics, 1929–39, 2nd edn
The Longman Handbook of the Modern World

Other books by Chris Cook

Post-war Britain: a Political History (with Alan Sked)
The Age of Alignment: Electoral Politics in Britain, 1922–1929
A Short History of the Liberal Party, 1900–1997
By-elections in British Politics (ed. with John Ramsden)
The Politics of Reappraisal, 1918–1939 (ed. with Gillian Peek)
The Decade of Disillusion (ed. with David McKie)
Crisis and Controversy: Essays in Honour of A. J. P. Taylor (ed. with
Alan Sked)
Trade Unions in British Politics (ed. with Ben Pimlott)
The Dictionary of Historical Terms
The Facts on File World Political Almanac
The Longman Guide to Sources in Contemporary British History (2
vols with David Waller et al.)

Other books by John Stevenson

Popular Disturbances in England, 1700–1870, 2nd edn British
Society, 1914–1945
Order and Disorder in Early Modern England (with A. J. Fletcher)
The Working Class and Politics in Britain and America, 1929–1945
(ed. with S. Salter)
Third Party Politics since 1945
The Longman Companion to the Eighteenth Century (with J.
Gregory)
THE LONGMAN HANDBOOK OF
MODERN BRITISH HISTORY 1714–
2001

Fourth Edition

Chris Cook
John Stevenson
First published 1983 by Pearson Education Limited
Second edition 1988
Third edition 1996
Fourth edition 2001

Published 2014 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© Chris Cook and John Stevenson 1983, 1988, 1996, 2001

The right of Chris Cook and John Stevenson to be identified as Authors of this Work has
been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book maybe reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional
practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or
editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a
matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

ISBN 13: 978-0-582-42394-7 (pbk)

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book can be obtained from the British Library

Typeset by 35 in 10/12 ITC New Baskerville

CONTENTS

Preface
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations used in sources

Section One: Political history

Political Chronology
British Monarchs, 1702–2001
Genealogical Charts
The Stuart and Hanoverian lines
The family of Queen Victoria
Lists of Principal Ministers
Prime Ministers
Chancellors of the Exchequer
Secretaries of State for the Northern Department
Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
Secretaries of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Secretaries of State for the Southern Department
Secretaries of State for Home Affairs
Parliamentary Reform
The unreformed House of Commons
The Reform Movement, 1714–1830
The Reform Act of 1832
The Reform Act of 1867 (and Scotland, 1868)
The Reform and Redistribution Acts of 1884–85
The electorate
Percentage of all adults (male and female) entitled to vote
Adult males able to vote
Legislation governing parliamentary representation and the
conduct of elections, 1828–2001
 The unreformed House of Lords
Scottish Parliament
Welsh Assembly
Elections and Party Politics
General elections, 1832–2001
Famous by-elections since 1918
European elections
Referendum results
Conservative Party
Liberal Party (since 1988, Liberal Democrats)
Labour Party
Other Parties
Alliance, The
Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
British National Party
British Union of Fascists
Common Wealth
Communist Party of Great Britain
Democratic Left
Democratic Unionist Party
Ecology Party
Green Party
Independent Labour Party
Irish Nationalist Party
Liberal National Party (National Liberal Party after 1948)
Liberal Party (Continuing)
Liberal Unionist Party
Militant
National Front
New Party (British Union of Fascists after 1932)
Official Unionists
Peelites
Plaid Cymru (Welsh Nationalist Party)
Referendum Party
Scottish Crofters’ Party
Scottish National Party
 Scottish Socialist Party
Sinn Fein
Social Democratic and Labour Party (Northern Ireland) (SDLP)
Social Democratic Party (SDP)
Social and Liberal Democratic Party
Socialist Labour Party
Socialist Workers’ Party (SWP)
UK Independence Party
Ulster Unionist Party
Union Movement
Welsh Nationalist Party
Workers’ Revolutionary Party (WRP)

Section Two: Social and religious history

Population
The population of England and Wales, 1695–1791
Population since 1801
Comparative population growth
Birth and death rates in England and Wales since 1841
Selected urban populations since 1801
Migration to and from the United Kingdom since 1820
Commonwealth immigrants in the United Kingdom since 1961
Education
Education legislation and principal events
Expenditure on education in the United Kingdom since 1840
Percentage of children in different age groups attending schools
in England and Wales since 1901
Social Reform
Factory and industrial legislation
Poor relief, health and social welfare
Housing
Housing developments
Houses built in England and Wales since 1919
Types of housing tenure in England and Wales since 1914
Environment
 Pollution and environmental control
Women, Society and Sexuality
The status of women
Lesbian and Gay Movement
Press and Broadcasting
Major developments in the press
Major developments in broadcasting
Crime and Police
The development of the police
Committals for indictable offences in England and Wales, 1805–
56
Crimes known to the police since 1857
Numbers transported to Australia from Great Britain and Ireland,
1788–1853
Prison population in England and Wales since 1880 (daily
average)
Major popular disturbances and demonstrations
Local Government
Local government and representation
Occupations and Social Structure
Gregory King’s estimate of population and wealth in 1696
Patrick Colquhoun’s estimate of the social structure of the United
Kingdom, c. 1815
Principal occupation groups in Britain in 1851
Occupational groups in Britain, 1911–81
Employment in Britain since 1980
Labour
Chronology of trade union history
Chartism: table of events
Trade union membership and trade disputes
Religion
Major events in British church history since 1714
The Church of England: clergy and Easter Day communicants
since 1801
Nonconformist church membership in England, 1750–1900
Nonconformist church membership in Wales, 1815–1900
 Church membership in Scotland, 1831–1901
Nonconformist church membership in the United Kingdom since
1900
Methodist membership in England and Wales, 1767–1914, and
Great Britain since 1921
The Roman Catholic Church since 1720
The 1851 Religious Census of England and Wales
Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and Jews in Britain since 1970

Section Three: Economic history

Agriculture
Percentage area of each county enclosed by Act of Parliament in
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Number of parliamentary Enclosure Acts per decade
The corn trade: imports and exports of wheat and flour by Great
Britain
Trade
Major trade and tariff agreements since 1760
Imports and exports, 1700–1850
Imports and exports since 1860
Exports of manufactures (England), 1700–1800
Principal components of British imports, 1760–1830
Principal components of British exports, 1760–1830
Principal components of British imports, 1860–1939
Principal components of British exports, 1830–1938
Principal components of British imports since 1954
Principal components of British exports since 1954
Geographical distribution of British exports, 1701–98
Geographical distribution of British trade since 1760
The balance of payments of the United Kingdom since 1816
Prices and Wages
The Schumpeter–Gilboy price index, 1714–1823
The Rousseaux price index, 1800–1913
The Sauerbeck–Statist price index, 1900–65
Average price of wheat, 1771–1914
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