Math – 10 ARITHMETIC SERIES

MATH – 1ST QUARTER • The sum of the terms in an arithmetic

Arithmetic Sequence sequence. It is denoted by Sn
EXAMPLES: • SN = n/2 (a1 +an)
• Find the first 5 terms of a sequence
whose general rule is: aₙ = 2ₙ + 1? GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
a₁ = 2(1) + 1 = 3 • Exponential growth or decrease
a₂ = 2(2) + 1 = 5 • Sequence of numbers in which the
a₃ = 2(3) + 1 = 7 ratio between consecutive terms is
a₄ = 2(4) + 1 = 9 constant
a₅ = 2(5) + 1 = 11 • has common ratio
• Find the first 5 terms of a sequence • Formula: an = arn -1
whose general rule is: aₙ = 3ₙ?
a₁ = 3(1) = 3 GEOMETRIC SERIES
a₂ = 3(2) = 6 Formulas:
a₃ = 3(3) = 9 • Sn = a1(1-rn)/1-r
a₄ = 3(4) = 12 • Sn = a1 -ran/1-r
a₅ = 3(5) = 15 CONSIDERATIONS:
NOTES: Case 1: when r = 1
• Arithmetic sequence has a constant • Sn = n(a1)
common difference. Case 2: when r = -r and n is even
• Sn = 0
ARITHMETIC MEANS Case 3: when r = -1 and n is odd
• A term or a number of terms that lie • Sn = a1
between two non-consecutive terms Case 4: when r is between -1 and 1 (-1<r<1)
of an arithmetic sequence. • Sum to Infinity: S = a1/1-r

• EXAMPLE: POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 • Has only positive integers as
2, 3, and 4 are arithmetic means of 1 and 5 exponents
2 is the arithmetic mean between 1 and 3 PARTS
3 is the arithmetic mean between 2 and 4 1. Leading Coefficient – x with the
4 is the arithmetic mean between 3 and 5 highest power
2. Degree of the polynomial
EX: OPTION 1 FORMULA 3. Quadratic Term
13,?, 27 4. Linear Term
(13 + 27) / 2 5. Constant Term
40/2 = 20 DIVIDING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
• LONG DIVISION: To divide polynomials
EX: OPTION 2 FORMULA using long division, first divide the first
N=6 term of the dividend by the first term
A1 = 21 of the divisor.
an = -24
• SYNTHETIC DIVISION: Is an easy way to
divide polynomials by a polynomial of
-24 = 21 + (6 -1)d
the form (x – c). It is both a way to
-24 = 21 + 5d
calculate the value of the function at c
-24 - 21 =5d
(Remainder Theorem) as well as to
-45 = 5
check whether or not c is a root of the
-9
polynomial (Factor Theorem).
Synthetic division is a shortcut to long
21, 12, 3, -6, -15, -24
division.
VALUE OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION o 2, 3, and 4 are
• Means the value a polynomial takes if arithmetic means of 1
we substitute the variables with any and 5
number. o 2 is an arithmetic
REMAINDER THEOREM means of 1 and 3
• If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x - a), o 3 is an arithmetic
the remainder is the constant f(a), and means of 2 and 4
f(x) = q(x) * (x – a) + f(a) o 4 is an arithmetic of 3
• Where q(x) is a polynomial with and 5
degree one less than the degree of • SOLVING ARITHMETIC MEANS: If the
f(x). sequence is missing its middle term, we
THE FACTOR THEOREM can simply get the average of the given
• The binomial (x – a) is a factor of the terms.
polynomial f(x) if and only if f(a) = 0. #1 Example: 13, __, 27?
• When a polynomial is divided by one Solution:
of its binomial factors, the quotient is (13 + 27) ÷ 2 =?
called a depressed polynomial. 40 ÷ 2 = 20
• If the remainder is zero, that means Answer: 13, 20, 27
f(a) = 0. This is also meaning that the
divisor resulting in a remainder of zero #2 Example: 15, __, __, __, 59
is a factor of the polynomial We can see that there are
three missing terms. We can
TEST REVIEWER: use the first formula (getting
PATTERNS the average) but it the answer
• Sequence: A Sequence is a set of will be only on the middle
things (usually numbers) that are in missing term.
order. Each number in the sequence is #1 Solution:
called a TERM (or element) (15 + 59) ÷ 2 =?
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE 74 ÷ 2 = 37
Definitions: Answer: 15, __, 37, __, 59
• Arithmetic Sequence: In an Arithmetic Now that we have the middle
Sequence the difference between one term, we can now find the
term and the next is a constant. We other missing terms by using
just add the same value each also the first formula (getting
time infinitely. the average)
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, #2 Solution:
…. This sequence has a 15 + 37 = 52 ÷ 2 = 26
difference of 3 between each 37 + 59 = 96 ÷ 2 = 48
number. The pattern is Answer: 15, 26, 37, 48, 59
continued by adding 3 to the WHAT IF THIS FORMULA IS NOT
last number each time. APPLICABLE?
Common difference: 3 We can use the formula in this
• General rule: aₙ sequence. Long method.
• Formula: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d Formula: aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d
n = number of terms
• Arithmetic Means: a term or a number
a₁ = first term
of terms that lie between two non-
aₙ = last term
consecutive terms of an arithmetic
d = common difference
sequence.
Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 Step 1: Look for the common difference FORMULA:
15, __, __, __, 59
n=5
a₁ = 15 Example: Sum of the terms of the
aₙ = 59 arithmetic sequence 34, 39, 44,
d =? …., 79
59 = 15 + (5-1) d Sₙ =?
59 = 15 + 4d n =?
59 – 15 = 4d a₁ = 34
44 = 4d aₙ = 79
11 = d d = 5 (why? Because subtracting
Common Difference: 11 39 to 34 will give you 5 as their
Step 2: Complete the sequence difference. Adding 5 and 34 will
a₂ = 15 + 11 = 26 give you 39 as their sum)
a₃ = 26 + 11 = 37
a₄ = 37 + 11 = 48 Solving for n (aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d)
Answer: 15, 26, 37, 48, 59 79 = 34 + (n-1) 5
79 – 34 = 5n – 5 (where did we get
KEYNOTES: 5n? distribute the 5 to the terms
• We can get solve arithmetic inside the parenthesis)
means in using two 45 = 5n – 5
formulas. (1) by getting the 45 + 5 = 5n
average and (2) by using the 50 = 5n
arithmetic sequence 10 = n
formula [aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d] Answer: n is equal to 10
Solving now for the sum of the
ANOTHER EXAMPLE/S: terms
21, __, __, __, __, -24 Sₙ =?
Solution: n = 10
Step 1: Look for the common difference a₁ = 34
n=6 aₙ = 79
a₁ = 21 d=5
aₙ = -24
d =?
-24 = 21 + (6-1) d
-24 – 21 = 5d Answer: The sum of the terms in
-45 = 5d the sequence is 565.
-9 = d WHAT IF THE FIRST AND LAST TERM OF THE
Step 2: Complete the sequence SEQUENCE IS MISSING?
a₂ = 21 + -9 = 12 Example: Sum of the first 50 terms
a₃ = 12 + -9 = 3 of an arithmetic sequence whose
a₄ = 3 + -9 = -6 first and 5th terms are 3 and 19
a₅ = -6 + -9 = -15 respectively?
3, __, __, __, 19, …
• Arithmetic Series: The sum of the terms in Solution:
an arithmetic sequence. Denoted by Sₙ Sₙ =?
Sₙ = Sum of n terms n = 50
n = number of terms a₁ = 3
a₁ = first term aₙ =? (19 is not the last term, we
aₙ = last term are looking for the sum of 50
terms and it is only the 5th term)
 In this situation we can now use a We need to divide the 2nd term to the
new formula: 1st term to find the ratio, so on and so
Finding the common difference: forth.
19 = 3 + (5-1) d 18/6 = 3
19 – 3 = 4d 54/18 = 3
16 = 4d We can see that all quotient is
4=d equal to 3, meaning the COMMON
4 is our common difference. Now RATIO of the sequence is 3. If the
that we have it, we now use the quotient of each terms is
new formula. different, it is not considered as a
S₅₀ = 50/2 (2 (3) + (50 – 1) 4 geometric sequence.
S₅₀ = 25 (6 + 49) 4 Step 2: Solve for the 10th term
S₅₀ = 25 (6 + 196) aₙ = ar ⁿ⁻¹
S₅₀ = 25 (202) 2, 6, 18, 54 …?
S₅₀ = 5050 aₙ =?
Answer: The sum of the 50 terms a=2
of the sequence is 5050. r=3
n = 10
KEYNOTES:
FORMULAS:
aₙ = 2(3)¹⁰⁻¹
• Finding the n and d of an arithmetic sequence: aₙ = 2(3)⁹
aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d aₙ = 2(19,683)
• Arithmetic means: aₙ = 39,366
a) Getting the average Answer: The 10th term of the
b) aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d
• Arithmetic series
sequence is 39,366
a) Sₙ = n/2 (a₁ + aₙ) ANOTHER EXAMPLE:
this is used if there is a first and last
term in the given sequence
b) aₙ = a₁ + (n-1) d
this is used in finding n (number of
terms) and finding d (common
difference)
c) Sₙ = n/2 (2a₁ + (n – 1) d)
This is used in finding the sum of the
sequence if the first and last terms are
missing.

• Geometric sequence: sequence of

numbers in which the ratio between • Geometric Series: series of a
consecutive terms is constant. geometric sequence is obtained by
• We can write a formula for the nth term of adding the terms of a sequence.
a geometric sequence in the form: Example: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48
aₙ = ar ⁿ⁻¹ 3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48 = 93
aₙ = last term • Formula:
r = common ratio
n = number of terms Sₙ = partial sum of the sequence
a = first term a₁ = first term
Example: 10th term of the n = number of terms
geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, 54 r = common ratio
…? This is only used in finite
Step 1: Look for the common ratio geometric sequence
6/2 = 3 = r
 • 2nd Formula: Things to remember:
• Arithmetic Sequence:
We can use this formula if the last o we can find the next term by
term is indicated BUT, we can also adding the common difference
make use of the 1st formula. o we can find the common
difference in each term by
subtracting the term
succeeding the first term.
• Geometric Sequence:
o we can find the next term by
multiplying the common ratio
o we can find the common ratio
in each term by dividing the
CONSIDERATIONS: term succeeding the first term.
Case 1: when r = 1
• If nahihirapan, manood kayo ng
• Sn = n(a1)
recording sa math class 😊
Case 2: when r = -r and n is even
• Sn = 0
Case 3: when r = -1 and n is odd
• Sn = a1
Case 4: when r is between -1 and 1 (-1<r<1)
• Sum to Infinity: S = a1/1-r

In case the sequence is infinite, we take the ff

cases in consideration
•

S = sum
a₁ = first term
r = common ratio

KEYNOTES:
FORMULAS:
• Geometric Sequence
aₙ = ar ⁿ⁻¹
used in finding the nth term
• Geometric Series (finite)

• Geometric Series (infinite)

English – 10 convince the reader of the creator’s
ENGLISH – 1st QUARTER argument.
- They often attempt to describe or
Encyclopedia explain primary sources
• It is a book or set of books that gives Commentaries, critiques,
information on many subjects or many evaluations, histories, journals
aspects of one subject and typically and magazines
arranged alphabetically. • Tertiary sources
Interview - serves as a collection of primary and
• It is a formal meeting in which one or secondary resources
more persons question, consult, or - These are sources that index,
evaluate another person. abstract, organize, compile, or digest
State of the Nation Address other sources.
• It is a yearly address by the president - Rather than reporting or
of the Philippines to a joint session of commenting on an event, tertiary
the Congress of the Philippines that is sources collect, synthesize, and
usually delivered every fourth Monday categorize primary and secondary
of July literature
Index Encyclopedias, dictionaries,
• It is an alphabetical list of names, textbooks, almanacs,
subjects, etc., with references to the bibliographies, chronologies,
places where they occur, typically and handbooks
found at the end of the book INFORMATION
• Is a stimulus that has meaning in some
Bibliography context for its receiver. When
• It is a list of the books of a specific information is entered into and stored
author or publisher, or on a specific in a computer, it is generally referred
subject to as data. When information is
compiled or used to better understand
CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES: something or to do something, it
• Primary sources becomes knowledge
- provide a first-hand account of an • 6 CHARACTERISTICS
event or time period and are Accuracy
considered to be authoritative Completeness
- they are original or authentic and Timeliness
have not been subjected to evaluation Consistency
or assessment Relevance
- These report discoveries and sharing Unique
of first-hand information
Photographs, Speeches, Video TEXTUAL AIDS
Recordings, Government • Are educational instruments
Records, Communication,
Newspaper and magazines Linear Text
• Secondary sources • A traditional text that needs to be
- Offer an analysis, interpretation or a read from the beginning up to the
restatement or primary sources and end.
are considered to be persuasive Non-Linear Text
- They often involve generalization, • It is not required to be read from the
synthesis, interpretation, commentary beginning up to the end
or evaluation in an attempt to
TRANSCODING LINEAR TO NON-LINEAR TEXT • Where and when of a story. It is a time
AND VICE VERSA and place
1. Read the text and get the main idea
2. Extract necessary information for the MOOD:
visual presentation. • Mood is the feeling that the author
3. Remember to use keywords for tries to convey throughout the story.
phrases only
4. Classify information into categories PLOT:
5. Make sure to use the correct non- • organized pattern or sequence of
linear text to present the information. events that make up a story
• literary element
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS I. Exposition: beginning of the story;
• Cause and Effect Diagram: This characters, setting, and the main
diagram emphasizes the connection conflict are typically introduced
between the different concepts and is II. Rising Action: main character is in
sometimes called as the beneficial crisis and events leading up to facing
organizer since it can be applied to all the conflict begin to unfold
subject areas. This is more knows as III. Climax: peak of the story; a major
the Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram. event occurs in which the main
character faces a major enemy, dear,
• Flow Diagram/Chart: This is a challenge, or other source of conflict.
sequence chart that shows series of IV. Falling Action: story begins to slow
events in order. If you have a concept down and work towards its end, tying
that has steps such as processes or up loose ends.
sequence, the Flow Diagram is the V. Resolution: also known as
applicable textual aid organizer denouement, the resolution is like a
concluding paragraph that resolves
• Venn Diagram: This is used to identify, any remaining issues and ends the
classify, categorize and recognize story.
similarities and differences of two or
more subjects, ideas, thoughts or CHARACTERIZATION:
concepts. o In literature is the process authors use
to develop characters and create
• Graphic Organizers: are visual displays images of the characters for the
that have key content information. It audience
provides learners with structure for
abstract concepts. o TWO DIFFERENT APPROACH:
o Direct Characterization: the
STORY author tells us what he or she
• Depiction of a journey. In story we wants to know about the
follow a character or a series of character
characters on a journey as to pursue o Indirect Characterization: the
something up against certain obstacles author shows us things about
• Could be fiction or non-fiction the character to help is
understand the characters'
FICTION STORIES: personality and effect on
• Fiction stories are based on made-up other characters.
or imaginary events. There are dozens o CHARACTERS:
upon dozens of types of fiction stories. o Protagonist and antagonist are
used to describe characters
SETTING: o Protagonist: main character
 o Antagonist: force in
opposition

FIVE METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION (PAIRS)

1. Physical Description
• character's physical appearance is
described.
2. Action
• how the character behaves or his or
her attitude
3. Inner thoughts
• What the character thinks reveals
things about the character
4. Reactions
• Effect on others or what the other
characters say and feel about this
character
5. Speech
• What the character says provides a
great deal of insight for the reader.
Filipino – 10 3. Mapanghalina – mapang-akit
FILIPINO – 1ST QUARTER 4. Sapat – sakto/husto
5. Humahagulgol – umiiyak
MGA POKUS NG PANDIWA 6. Piging – handaan/kainan
1. Pokus sa Tagaganap o Aktor - kapag 7. Pinakakilala – pinakapopular
ang simuno o paksa ang gumaganap 8. Pamamalagi – pamamarati
ng kilos sa pangungusap 9. Pinakapopular – pinakakilala
• Hal: Ang kapayapaan ay 10. Natatangi – naiiba
lumalaganap
(ito ay base lamang sa aking naresearch :>)
2. Pokus sa Layon o Gol - Kung ang layon
ay ang paksa o ang binibigyang diin sa Kahon ni Pandora (page 10-13)
pangungusap o Tauhan: Prometheus, Epimetheus,
• Hal: Iniuwi namin ang Zeus, Hephaestos, Herakles, Athena,
pagkaing natira. Aphrodite, Hermes, Pandora
o Saan ginanap: Olympus
3. Pokus sa Tagatanggap (Benepaktib) - o Mahahalagang kaalaman:
kung ang pinaglaanan ng kilos ang • Ang panganay na si
siyang pokus ng pangungusap. Prometheus ang may
• Hal: Ibinili ko ang nanay ng kakayahang makakita ng
pasalubong hinaharap
• Binigyan ni Zeus ang
4. Pokus sa Ganapan o Lugar (lokatib) - magkapatid ng
kung ang paksa o pokus ng kapangyarihang lumikha ng
pangungusap ay ang lugar o mga nilalang sa daigdig
pinangyarihan ng kilos • Epimetheus: lumikha ng mga
• Hal: Ang ilog ay pinaglabanan hayop. Binigyan niya ng
ni Handiong at ng mga pakpak, balahibo, tuka, at iba
halimaw pa.
• Prometheus: lumikha ng mga
5. Pokus sa Direksiyon - kung ang paksa tao ngunit naubos ang
ay nagsasaad ng direksiyon ng kilos ng pamprotekta at humiling kay
pandiwa Zeus ng apoy. Tinanggihan ito
• Hal: Pinasyalan namin ang ni Zeus
parke • Kumuha si Prometheus ng
apoy sa tirahan ni Hephaestos
6. Pokus ng Gamit (instrumental) - kung nang walang paalam.
ang pokus ay ang kagamitang ginamit Pinarusahan siya at kinadena
sa kilos ni Zeus sa kabundukan ng
• Hal: Ipinanungkit nila ang Caucasus. Natigil lamang ang
bayabas ang patpat paghihirap niya nang mapatay
ni Herakles ang agila ni Zeus
7. Pokus sa Sanhi (kawsatib) - kung ang • Nagplano na paparusahan din
pokus ay ang sanhi o dahilan ng kilos ang kapatid na Epimetheus,
• Hal. Ikinasakit ng tiyan niya kaya’t humingi sya ng tulong
ang bayabas sa mga diyos at diyosa na
lumikha ng magandang dilag.
TEST COVERAGE: Pinangalan nila itong
TALASALITAAN ‘Pandora’ (lahat ay handog)
1. Nakagawian – Nakasanayan • Pinakasalan ito ni Epimetheus
2. Pagsuway – Hindi pagsunod/paglabag kahit binilinan siya ng kapatid
 na huwag tatanggap ng • Hindi nila naabutan ang
anumang handog galling kay lalaking ikakasal kaya’t
Zeus. nasaraduhan sila ng pinto at
• Binigyan sila ni Zeus ng isang hindi pinapasok
kahon sa kasal nila at may
babalang huwag itong Ang Apat na Buwan Ko sa Espanya (page 56-61)
bubuksan. o Magbasa kayo >:(
• Pagkalipas ng ilang araw sa
bahay ng mag asawa,
natutukso si Pandora na
buksan ang kahon ngunit hindi
pumayag si Epimetheus,
kaya’t nung umalis si
Epimetheus, kinuha agad ni
Pandora ang susi ng kahon at
binuksan.
• Naiyak siya sa kanyang nakita
dahil ang lumabas ay mga
insekto na may dala ng
kasakiman, kalungkutan,
inggit, galit, at ano pang
masasamang bagay sa mundo.
Huli niyang napalabas ang
insekto na may dala ng pag-
asa.

Ang Parabula ng Sampung Dalaga (page 33-36)

Mateo 25: 1 - 13
o Tauhan: Binatang ikakasal, sampung
dalaga
o Saan ginanap: Israel
o Mahahalagang detalye:
• Ang kasalan ng mga hudyo ay
ginaganap sa gabi
• Ang limang matatalinong
dalaga ay nagdala ng sobrang
langis dahil alam nilang
maaring maantala ang
pagdating ng ikakasal
• Ang limang hangal ay hindi
nagdala ng sobrang langis
kaya’t nag aandap-andap ang
kanilang ilawan nung
dumating na ang ikakasal.
Humingi sila sa limang
dalagang matatalino ngunit
hindi sila nabigyan kasi sapat
lamang ang dala nila kaya’t
nagbilin nalang na bumili sa
tindahan.
Araling Panlipunan – 10 mga taong walang kinalaman sa mga
AP – 1st QUARTER pangyayaring itinala
Kontemporaryong Isyu:
• Ang salitang Kontemporaryo ay galing 2. Pagtukoy sa Katotohanan at Opinyon
sa salitang medieval Latin na - Ang katotohanan ay mga totoong
"Contemporarius" pahayag o pangyayari na
- Con: together with pinatutunayan sa mga tulong ng mga
- Tempus, tempor: Time o oras aktwal na datos
• Ang Kontemporaryo ay tumutukoy sa - Ang opinyon ay nag papahiwatig ng
kasalukuyan o napapanahon. saloobin at kaisipan ng tao tungkol sa
• Mahalaga at makabuluhan sa lipunang inilalahad na katotohanan
ginagalawan
• May malinaw na epekto o 3. Pagtukoy sa pagkiling (Bias)
impluwensiya sa lipunan o • Sa pagsusuri ng mga impormasyong
mamamayan may kaugnayan sa agham panlipunan,
• Nagaganap sa kasalukuyang panahon kailangang malaman kung ito ay
o may matinding epekto o walang kinikilingan.
impluwensiya sa takbo ng
kasalukuyang panahon 4. Pagbuo ng paghihinuha at konklusyon
• May temang napag-uusapan at - Ang Hinuha ay isang piang-isipang
maaring may maganda o positibong hula o educated guess tungkol sa isang
impluwensiya o epektosa lipunan bagay.

PAGSUSURI NG KONTEMPORARYONG ISYU 5. Paglalahat (Generalization) - ay ang

1. Kahalagahan hakbang kung saan binubuo ang mga
2. Pinagmulan ugnayan ng mga hindi magkakaugnay
3. Perpektibo o pananaw na impormasyon
4. Mga Pagkakaugnay
5. Personal na damdamin 6. Konklusyon ay ang desisyon,
6. Epekto kaalaman, o ediyang nabuo
7. Maaring gawin pagkatapos ng pag-aaral, obserbasyon,
at pagsusuri ng pagkakaugnay ng mga
LESSON 2 mahahalagang ebidensya o kaalaman.
Mga kasanayang kailangan sa pag aaral ng
Kontemporaryong Isyu LESSON 3
1. Pagkilala sa Primarya at Sekondaryang Mga nararanasang kalamidad sa Pilipinas
Sanggunian - Nakatutulong ito sa
paggawa ng mahalagang desisyon • Kalamidad: Itinuturing na mga
tungo sa pakikilahok sa iba't-ibang pangyayaring nagdudulot ng malaking
proyekto ng paaralan, lipunan, at ng pinsala sa kapaligiran, ari-arian,
bansa. kalusugan, at buhay ng tao sa lipunan

PRIMARYANG SANGGUNIAN o El Nino - Matinding tagtuyot

• Pinagkukunang impormasyon ay mga na nararanasan
orihinal na tala ng mga pangyayaring o La Nina - Nagkakaroon ng
isinulat o ginawa ng mga taong matagal na pag-ulan
nakaranas sa mga ito o Bagyo - 19-30 bagyo
SEKUNDARYANG SANGGUNIAN kadataon, storm surge
• Interpretasyon batay sa primaryang
pinagkunan. Inihanda o sinulat ng MGA URI NG BAGYO
 1. Tropical Depression - Mula 35-36 ng impraestruktura upang makayanan
kilometro bawat oras ang lakas ng ng mga gusali ang tindi ng kalamidad
hangin
2. Tropical Storm - Mula 64-117 km *pagplano ng maayos at sustainable na
bawat oras ang lakas ng hangin paggamit at pamamahala ng lupa
3. Typhoon - Higit 117 km bawat oras ang * pagpapalaganap ng kamulatan at kaalaman
lakas ng hangin tungkol sa kamalidad
4. Super Typhoon - 220 km bawat oras o
mahigit pa ang lakas ng hangin TULONG MULA SA PAMAHALAAN
• DSWD: Ito ang namamahala sa mga
PANGANIB NG BAGYO programa ng pamahalaan para sa
1. Malakas na hangin paglilingkod sa lipunan lalo na sa mga
2. Malakas na ulan mahihirap
3. Storm Surge • DILG: Ito ay namamahala sa mga yunit
4. Landslide/Mudflow na lokal ng pamahalaan tulad ng mga
barangay, bayan, lungsod, o lalawigan.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION Pinamamahalaan nito ang mga
• 200 na bulkan lalawigan, sa pamamagitan ng
• 24 ang tinatayang aktibo pagbibigay ng budget, pagpapanatili
ng kaayusan at katahimikan sa lungsod
LINDOL • MMDA: Pagbabalangkas at
• Ay sanhi ng isang mabilis na paglabas pagpapatupad ng mga patakarang,
ng enerhiya na nang-gagaling sa ilalim mga pamantayan, mga programa, at
ng lupa mga proyekto para sa mga pinagsama-
• May lakas na 1-7 samang paraan o sistema upang
• Ritcher Scale - Sumusukat sa lakasa ng mapigilan at makontrol ang patuloy na
isang lindol pagbaha.
• DEPED: ito ay namamahala sa mga
GEOHAZARD MAPPING bagay na may kinalaman sa
- DENR pagpapaunlad ng batayang edukasyon
• Upang matukoy ang mga lugar na sa ating bansa.
madaling tamaan ng mga sakuna • DOH: Ito ay nangangalaga ng
• Iba iba ang klase nito. (Meron para sa kalusugan ng mga mammayan ng
lindol, bagyo, landslide) bansa tulad ng pagsugpo sa pagkalat
ng kolera, tidgas at iba pang
LESSON 4: nakakahawang sakit lalo na pag may
MGA AHENSIYA NG PAMAHALAAN AT kalamidad
PATAKARANG PANG-ESTRUKTURA • DPWH: Ito ang nagsasaayos ng mga
lansangan, daan, tulay, dike at iba
• Disaster Risk Mitigation pang impraestruktura ng pamahalaan
➢ ay nag lalayong pigilan ang mga na nasisira kapag may baha o lindol
nakapipinsalang epekto ng mga • DND: Pinangangalagaan nito ang
kalamidad kapayaan at kaayusan sa ating bansa.
➢ Ang pagpaplano at pagpapatupad ng • DENR: Pinangangalagaan nito ang
mga gawaing ito ay kadalasang kapaligiran at likas na yaman ng bansa
nagmumula sa pamahalaang • PAGASA: Ipinaparating ng
pambansa pangasiwaan na ito sa lagay ng
➢ NDDRMC panahon. Nagbibigay babala sa
➢ LAYUNIN: Pagpapatupad ng mga pagdating ng bagyo
building code at matitibay na disensyo
 • PHIVOLCS: Nagbibigay babala ito sa CLIMATE CHANGE ACT OF 2009
pagputok ng bulkan upang mapaliit • Local Climate Change Action Plan
ang epekto ng sakuna ➢ Food Security
➢ Water Sufficiency
PANG-ESTRUKTURA ➢ Ecological and Environmental
➢ Proper Engineering Practices Stability
➢ Pagdisenyo ng mga sistemang ➢ Human Security
pantransportasyon at pang- ➢ Climate-Smart Industries and
elektrisidad Services
➢ Pagpapatayo ng mga Dike at Dam ➢ Sustainable Energy
➢ Knowledge and Capacity
HINDI PANG ESTRUKTURA Development
➢ Maayos na paggamit at pamamahala
ng mga lupain MGA SULIRANING PANGKAPALIGIRAN SA
➢ Pagsunod sa mga ordinansa sa zoning SARILING PAMAYANAN
at mga building code 1. Polusyon ng Hangin
➢ Pagtuturo at pagsasanay sa publiko 2. Polusyon ng Tubig
➢ Pagtatanim ng mga punongkahoy ng 3. Polusyong Lupa
mga mamamayan sa kabundukan - Waste Management
- Pagmimina at Quarrying
LESSON 5: 4. Panganib na mawala ang iba’t ibang
GLOBALISASYON uri ng mga halaman at hayop
• Ay proseso ng mabilisang pagdaloy o 5. Pagkakalbo ng kagubatan o
paggalaw ng mga tao, bagay, deforestation
impormasyon o produkto sa iba’t 6. Paglaki ng populasyon
ibang direksiyon na nararanasan sa
iba’t ibang panig ng daigdig MGA HAKBANG NA MAKAKATULONG SA
• Sinasalamin nito ang makabagong PAGLUTAS SA SULIRANIN NG CLIMATE CHANGE
mekanismo upang higit na mapabilis 1. Pagtatanim ng mga puna at halaman
ng tao ang ugnayan sa bawat isa 2. Pagbabawas ng paggamit ng Enerhiya
MGA ASPEKTO 3. Paggamit ng alternatibong enerhiya
• Komunikasyon 4. Pag iwas ng pagsusunog ng mga
• Paglalakbay basura
• Popular na Kultura 5. Pagpapanatiling malinis ang
• Ekonomiya kapaligiran
6. Pag iwas sa paggamit ng mga plastic at
PROGRAMA POLISYA AT PATAKARAN HINGIL SA nakakalasong kemikal
CLIMATE CHANGE 7. Pagreresiklo ng mga patapon na bagay

• National Statistics Coordination Board

(NSCB)
• National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC)

• Republic Act No. 9729 o Local Climate

Change Action Plan (LCCAP) 2009
➢ Climate Change Commission
➢ National Framework Strategy on
Climate Change at National Climate
Change Action Plan taong 2012
Science – 10
SCIENCE – 1St QUARTER LAYERS OF THE EARTH:
Geology - an earth science concerned with the • There are multiple layers of the Earth.
solid earth, the rocks of which is composed, The Earth layers are: the crust, the
and the processes by which they change over mantle, the outer core, and the inner
time. core. Some of the layers are
• Geologists study some of society's considered parts of the lithosphere
most important problem, such as: and others are part of the
1. energy, water and mineral asthenosphere. Each layer has its own
resources properties, make-up, and
2. the environment; climate change characteristics

PLATE TECTONIC THEORY 1. Lithosphere (crust)

• Proposed by Alfred Wegener • The rocky surface of the earth is a thin
• States that the surface crust of the outer shell.
earth is composed of large and small • Much thinner than other layers.
segments called tectonic plates • Crust and the top part of the mantle
• Tectonic means relating to the are broken into 7 large plates
structure of the earth's crust and the • Most plates are made of both
large-scale processes which take place continental and oceanic crust.
within it. • The outermost layer of the earth. 
• Pieces of earth's crust and uppermost Categorized into two parts, the
mantle oceanic crust and the continental
• The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified crust.
billions of years ago, soon after the • The crust of the Earth is broken into
Earth formed. This crust is not a solid many pieces called plates.
shell; it is broken up into huge, thick • The crust ranges from 5–70 km (3–44
plates that drift atop the soft, miles) in depth.
underlying mantle. --CONTINENTAL: thick, buoyant, mostly old
• The plates are made of rock and drift --OCEANIC: thin, dense, young
all over the globe; they move both
horizontally (sideways) and vertically 2. Mantle
(up and down). Over long periods of • A really thick layer of how flowing
time, the plates also change in size as rock.
their margins are added to, crushed • The flow of the mantle causes the
together, or pushed back into the plates to move in different directions.
Earth's mantle. These plates are from • The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers
50 to 250 miles (80 to 400 km) thick. (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a
• Collectively known as the lithosphere whopping 84% of Earth's total
• Earth: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner volume.
Core • Extends to a depth of 2,900 km,
• How does plates move? making it the thickest layer of Earth 
Slip, Spreading, Collision, Subduction. The mantle is composed very hot,
• The map of the Earth is always dense, silicate rocks that are rich in
changing; not only are the underlying iron and magnesium relative to the
plates moving, but the plates change overlying crust
in size. Also, the sea level changes • The uppermost mantle together with
over time (as the temperature on the crust constitutes the lithosphere.
Earth varies and the poles melt or • The layer below the rigid lithosphere
freeze to varied extents), covering or is a zone of asphalt-like consistency
exposing different amounts of crust called the asthenosphere.
 • The asthenosphere is the part of the • Pangea: supercontinent that
mantle that flows and moves the incorporated almost all the
plates of the Earth. landmasses on Earth
Convection current • Wegener was not the first to present
• The mantle is made of much the idea but he was the first to put
denser, thicker material, together the extensive evidence from
because of this the plates several different scientific approaches.
"float" on it like oil floats on
water. EVIDENCES
• Many geologists believe that • Identical types of fossils found in
the mantle "flows" because of Africa and South America
convection currents. • Continents can "piece" together with
Convection currents are the same rock formations
caused by the very hot • Glacial deposits left by same sheet of
material at the deepest part of ice
the mantle rising, then • Ancient fossils, land bridges, jigsaw
cooling, sinking again and then puzzle like continents, earth’s
heating, rising and repeating magnetic field alteration, same types
the cycle over and over. of rocks and glaciers.
3. Core
• It is made up of a liquid metal outer Pseudoscience
core that flows around a solid metal
inner core SEA FLOOR SPREADING THEORY
• The motion in the outer core creates a • Proposed by Harry Hess
magnetic field around the earth. It is • Proposes the theory of seafloor
same that makes a compass work spreading is the process by which
• the core gives of incredible heat which molten rock comes up through mid-
is one of the driving forces. ocean ridges, cooling and creating
new sea floor that moves away from
• OUTER CORE the ridge and later sinks into a deep
❖ The core of the Earth is like a ocean trench.
ball of very hot metals. • New crust is created by intruding
❖ The outer core is so hot that magmas and lava erupting on the
the metals in it are all in the ocean floor as the plates move apart
liquid state. • The continents are moving because of
❖ Composed of the melted sea floor spreading
metals nickel and iron.
• INNER CORE Mid-Atlantic Ridge is separating at
❖ The inner core of the Earth approximately 4cm per year.
has temperatures and
pressures so great that the SUBDUCTION ZONES
metals are squeezed together • Older plates are being subducted
and are not able to move • The ocean floor is also being
about like a liquid, but are destroyed
forced to vibrate in place as a • Marianas Trench
solid.
HOW DO THE PLATES MOVE?
CONTINETAL DRIFT THEORY • Because of the heat from the core.
• Proposed by Alfred Wegener • Convection current: rising and sinking
• Pangea, Laurasia, Gondwana cycle
PLATE BOUNDARIES causing one of the slabs of the lithosphere to
• The lithosphere is divided into 7 major subduct beneath an overriding plate
and minor plates
• PLATES BOUNDARIES are where two CRUST: the outer portion of the earth
plates meet - CONTINENTAL CRUST: thick part of the
Earth’s crust, not located under the ocean
TYPES - OCEANIC CRUST: thin part of the Earth’s crust
1. Divergent Boundaries
a. occur where plates move DIVERGENT BOUNDARY: a region where the
apart crustal plates are moving apart
b. Also known as constructive
plate boundaries EARTHQUAKE: vibration of Earth due to the
c. Oceanic crust made of basalt, rapid release of energy
geysers, lava spews are
created FAULT: a break in a rock in which no significant
EX: Mid-Atlantic Ridge (2.2 cm) movement has taken place

2. Convergent Boundaries FRACTURE: any break in a rock in which no

a. Occurs where two plates are significant movement has taken place
pushing toward each other
b. Destructive plate boundaries GEOLOGY: the science that studies Earth
Continent - continent: Mountains form
and earthquakes occur when HOT SPOT: a concentration of heat in the
continental plates run into each other mantle capable of creating magma
and fold upwards
Ocean - Ocean: Volcanic island arcs, MAGMA: mass of molten rock formed at depth
trenches & earthquake occur when
older ocean plate subducts under a MID-OCEAN RIDGE: a continuous mass of land
younger ocean plate (Mariana Trench) with long width and height on the ocean floor
Ocean - Continent: Mountains,
volcanoes and earthquakes occur as PLATES: Rigid sections of the lithosphere that
an ocean plate subducts under a move as a unit
continental plate. Oceanic plate melts;
less dens-magma rises to form PLATE TECTONICS: a theory which suggests
volcanoes that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that
interact in various ways, thus producing
3. Transform Boundaries (strike slip) earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes, and other
a. Occurs where two plates slide geologic features
past each other
b. Earthquakes occur in these SUBDUCTION: an event in which a slab of rock
areas (Alpine Fault) thrusts into the mantle

GLOSSARY OF TERMS TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY: a boundary

produced when two plates slide past each
CONTINENTAL VOLCANIC ARC: mountains other
formed in part by igneous activity associated
with subduction of oceanic lithosphere TRENCH: a depression in the seafloor
beneath a continent produced by subduction process

CONVERGENT BOUNDARY: a boundary in

which two plates move toward each other,
VOLCANIC ISLAND ARC: a chain of volcanoes
that develop parallel to a trench VOLCANIC DISTRIBUTION:
HOW?
MAJOR PLATES: • The earth is a dynamic planet. Its rigid
• African plate outer surface layer is broken into
• Eurasian plate several tectonic plates which are in
constant motion relative to one
• North American plate
another. As demonstrated in the world
• South American plate
map, active volcanoes on earth are
• India-Australian plate/Indo-
located along the margins of adjacent
Australian plate
plates.
• Pacific plate
• This can be understood through the
• Antarctic plate
plate tectonic paradigm, which was
MINOR PLATES:
proposed by Alfred Wegener between
• Arabian plate 1912 and 1925.
• Caribbean plate • In plate tectonics, there are two
• Nazca plate boundaries where volcanoes usually
• Scotia plate form or distributed. The divergent
• Cocos plate plate boundary and the convergent
• Juan de Fuca plate plate boundary.
• Philippine plate WHERE?
• Volcanoes are not randomly
distributed around the globe. Instead
VOLCANOES they tend to occur along limited zones
• Hot magma, melted rock below Earth's or belts. Most are concentrated on the
crust, rises and collects in a magma edges of continents, along island
chamber deep below the surface. If chains, or beneath the sea forming
the magma flows through a conduit up long mountain ranges
to a vent on the surface, then it may • The distribution of the volcanoes,
cause an eruption and form a volcano. earthquake epicenters, and major
• Gases, lava, and pyroclastic material mountain belts are distributed in close
are erupted from volcanic vents. The proximity of the borders of the
mountain that forms from layers of tectonic plates.
lava and tephra is called a volcano. • In some occasion volcanoes are found
The word "volcano" comes from the in the middle of plates, and these are
name of a Roman god, Vulcan, who called hot shots.
was the god of fire. Magma that • Most of the active volcanoes
solidifies inside a volcano can form nowadays are found at the so called
dikes and sills. ''Ring of Fire'' which is practically the
• Active volcanoes are in two volcanic border of the Pacific Tectonic Plate.
belts: Alpine-Himalayan belt and the
Circum-Pacific belt, also known as Volcanoes can be formed in three ways:
“Ring of Fire.”
• Volcanoes are classified based on 1. Via subduction- the subducting slab
eruption history, it can be active, dehydrates to form new melt that will
potentially active and inactive rise through the crust to be erupted at
(dormant) or extinct. the surface.
• Volcanoes can be found on land or 2. Via rifting- when two plates pull apart,
underwater in which they vary in magma rises, producing volcanic
shape it can be cinder, shield, eruptions at the surface.
composite or lava dome
 3. Hotspot- hotspot do not necessarily COUNTRIES THAT ARE MOST LIKELY
occur along a plate boundary. Hotspot AND UNLIKELY TO EXPERIENCE
volcanoes can be form in the middle VOLCANIC ERUPTION
of tectonic plate.
LIKELY:
What causes the magma to escape the mantle • Philippines
and come up through the crust of Earth? • Japan
• Subduction Zone Volcanoes (along • Indonesia
convergent plates) UNLIKELY:
• Divergent Zone Volcanoes • Australia
• Hot spots • Brazil
How and why do volcanoes erupt? • Greenland
• Hot, molten (magma) is buoyant (has • British Isle
lower density than the surrounding
rocks) and will rise up through the
crust to erupt on the surface
• When magma reaches the surface, it
depends on how easily it flows
(viscosity) and the amount of gas
(H20, CO2, S) it has in it as to how it
erupts.
• Large amounts of gas and high
viscosity (sticky) magma will form an
explosive eruption
• Small amounts of gas and (or) low
viscosity (runny) magma will form an
effusive eruption
• Where the magma just trickles out of
the volcano (lava flow). Also known as
pahoehoe
Why do volcanoes stop erupting?
• All the trapped volatile gases have de-
gassed and there is no longer
sufficient pressure to drive the magma
out of the Earth
• Enough heat is lost so that the magma
cools and is no longer buoyant
CLED – 10 human person "is not just something,
CLED – 1ST QUARTER but someone. He is capable of self-
The Human person as an image of God. possession and of freely giving himself
• The human person is unique among all and entering into communion with
created beings because the human other persons. And he is called by
person is created in the image and grace to a covenant with his Creator,
likeness of God, with free will and to offer him a response of faith and
intellect. love that no other creature can give in
• we are all different. We have different his stead.
physical characteristics and varying • As Christians, we look to Christ not
opinions, as well as diverse beliefs, only as the perfect exemplar of being
traits, and behaviors. fully human, but also the source of
• Imago Dei: Every person is gifted with the inner strength we need to follow
soul, breathed on by God Him, which He gives through the Holy
• A human person reflects God's Spirit. Through His life, teachings, and
intelligence and freedom. example, Christ revealed to us how
• The human person has the capacity to our common human dignity is
think, to love, and be free. grounded on the love of God, who
sustains, redeems, and empowers us
FREE WILL AND INTELLECT to love, and calls us to share in His
• The human person has the capacity eternal life.
for knowledge, wisdom.
• A human person can decide on Our Christian faith illuminates our
his/her self. understanding of our fundamental
human dignity. Jesus Christ reveals
• Some traits of uniqueness of the
to us the Fullness of our Dignity.
human person
Know your work and know your
Human are Conscious Beings
honor.
• Only human persons have the capacity
to ask, "who am I?"
• This capacity for self-reflection shows FREEDOM IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
how we are conscious beings, "aware • The most important experience of
of ourselves in our outgoing acts" freedom in the life of the Israelites
was their exodus from slavery and
Humans are Relational Beings suffering in Egypt to a new life of
• social beings or persons in community, freedom and dignity as God’s people
always knew, with, and for others. FREEDOM IS RELATIONAL
• We can only become our fullest selves • Our true freedom is always lived as a
through our relationships. community before God
• True freedom is fostered when people
respect the dignity of each other.
Human dignity is the belief that all Conversely, it is threatened when
people hold a special value that's some individuals simply do what they
tied solely to their humanity. want to do, without regard for the
How do we say that every human person has good of the other members of the
dignity? community
• The dignity of the human person TRUE FREEDOM IS “DOING THE GOOD”
came from being created by God, in • Realizing that our freedom must
His own image and likeness. Every always be lived as a community, we
human person is designed by God to understand how God’s
know and love and serve him. The
 Commandments set us free and do 4. They serve as reliable "reference points" in
not destroy our freedom. making good moral decisions.
FREEDOM IN THE NEW TESTAMENT 5. They challenge us to be at our best
• The most perfect sign of God’s call for
us to become truly free is Jesus Christ. o Rather than hindering our future
Through His public life, teachings, and freedom, just laws direct and protect
Paschal sacrifice, Jesus showed us that our authentic freedom as individuals
only in loving God and others can we and as members of a community
become truly free.
FREEDOM FORM
• The common understanding of o in terms of moral law, we need to
freedom is the absence of restraint follow the law to guide us to the right
and anything that impedes free path and to avoid temptations
activity. True freedom, however, is
freedom from everything that opposes
our true good as persons in
community
• True freedom is our freedom from
acts, conditions, attitudes, and people
that hinder us from doing what is truly
good as members of a community in
the particular circumstances of our
daily living

SIN AND POVERTY

• Sin is the root cause of poverty in this
world, and all proposals which ignore
this reality are destined to fail
• But the good news is that Jesus Christ
came into the world to save people by
conquering both sin and death. This
good news is the gospel, and its
advance will necessarily alleviate
poverty on earth and eventually end
poverty in the kingdom of God.

EXPRESSIONS OF MORAL LAW

• Moral norms are the rules of morality
that people ought to follow
• Law is at the heart of our becoming
more fully human
• laws or objective moral norms are
truly essential to our moral living.

1. They express and promote

fundamental human and Christian
2. They provide criteria for judging on
how we should act and who we
become by observing them
3. They ground the proper formation of
our conscience
Computer – 10 3. choose a place to sell
COMPUTER – 1ST QUARTER 4. Decide how you'll get paid
E – Commerce 5. Get customers
• e-commerce refers to all forms of
business transaction conducted ONLINE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
electronically over computer network. Service Classification
• Development
Entrepreneurship Online • Graphic Design
1. Entrepreneurship • Writing
2. Capability to function online. • Internet Marketing

The Business
• Business- a commercial or industrial
enterprise; a usually commercial or
mercantile activity engaged in as a
means of livelihood
• Enterprise – a project or undertaking
that is especially difficult,
complicated, or risky
• Good – an actual physical item or
object which can be exchanged for
money
• Services – non-physical, intangible
product given by someone with a
particular field of expertise to another
who is willing to buy it

Balanced Scorecard Goal Framework (BSC)

• Financial – revenue, profitability; and
costs
• Customer – always value-oriented
• Internal Processes – work, production,
distribution, and service processes
that deliver value to customers
• Learning and Growth – skills
development for better value to
customers.

Businessman vs. Entrepreneur

• Businessperson – one who transacts
business; a business executive
• Entrepreneur – one who organizes,
manages, and assumes the risks of a
business or enterprise

SMALL BUSINESS AND BIG BUSINESS

1. Economies of scale

FIVE THINGS YOU TO START SELLING ONLINE

1. Know what to sell
2. know how to sell
TLE – 10 • FOOD BARS
TLE – 1st QUARTER • GRILL
FOOD AND BEVERAGE • FAST
• is the service of food made in the • DINING
kitchen and drinks prepared in the bar • FOOD
to the customers at the food and • DISCOTHEQUE
beverage premises, which can be • CAFETERIA
Restaurants, Bars, Hotels, Airlines,
Cruise Ships, Trains, Companies, KINDS OF INSTITUTIONAL CATERING
Schools, Colleges, Hospitals, Prisons, 1. Industrial Catering: It refers to food
Takeaway, etc. offered in factories and corporate
world
TYPE OF SERVICE 2. Hospital and nursing homes: The main
1. Table Service focus of these programs is to provide
2. Assisted Service diet food supervised by qualified
3. Self Service dietitians to patients who are unable
4. Single Point Service to actively seek alternative sources of
5. Specialized Service food
3. College/University: These refers to the
TABLE SERVICES residential people
1. American service: pre-plate service 4. Airline Catering: is classified into flight
which mean that the food is served catering and Airport catering
into the guest's plate in the kitchen 5. Ship Catering: refers to catering
itself and brought to the guest service in cruise lines for passengers
2. Russian Service: silver service much on during voyage
the line of French service except that 6. Military Catering: covers the entire
the food is portioned and carved by armed forces and paramilitary forces
the waiter at the gueridon trolley in in terms of food service.
the restaurant in full view of guests 7. Theme Parks and Resorts: these are
3. Gueridon Service: where dish come restaurants, mobile van, vending
partially prepared machine
4. French Service: which are placed 8. Railway Catering: including take away
directly on the table food fast food restaurants, waiter
5. English Service: Often referred to as service, and self-service cafeteria
the host service. Food is brought of 9. Prison Catering: refers to serving of
the platters by the waiter and is nutrition food to prisons and persons
shown to the host for approval. deprived of liberty
10. Clubs
TYPES OF FOOD SERVICE
• RESTAURANTS FOOD SERVICE SYSTEM
• FAST FOOD 1. CONVENTIONAL
• INSTITUTIONAL 2. READY PREPARED
• INDUSTRIAL 3. COMMISSARY
• HOSPITALS 4. ASSEMBLY/SERVE
• SCHOOLS
• COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS 31 DIFFERENT TYPES OF KITCHEN UTENSILS
AND THEIR USES
TYPES OF RESTAURANTS
• COFFEE SHOP A. SPOONS AND LADLES
• NIGHT CLUBS • Standard Kitchen Spoon: This is an
• SPECIALTY oversized spoon instrument useful for
 working food and liquids in big pots. • Chopping Board: is designed to take a
It’s an essential do-all tool in terms of beating, provide a safe place to cut or
scooping, moving, stirring, and holding work on food, and then can be washed
food in place while working on it. off quickly
• Soup Ladle: This big spoon is curved or
designed with a long stick handle and C. BLUNT INSTRUMENTS
a very big, cup-like spoon basin at the • Kitchen Mallet: flat side is essentially
end for hammering food, usually frozen, to
• Pasta Ladle: This spoon looks very break it apart or soften it
much like other soup spoons except • Nut Cracker
for two big differences – an edge with • Garlic Press
teeth and a hole in the middle of the • Tongs: allowing the cook to flip food,
basin move it around, place or remove it for
• Ice cream scooper: It gives better serving and doing all that activity
leverage with a stronger handle and without burning one’s hands.
deep-curved spoon that allows the ice • Kitchen Peeler: It actually provides two
cream to curl up for that perfect functions: the peeling which is obvious
dessert ball served in a bowl from the long blade element, and the
• Spatula: Flat in nature, this tool allows pointed edge tip which allows one to
you to slide under food and pick it up gouge out potatoes’ eyes and
to serve from a hot skillet or to flip to vegetable spot blemishes
cook the other side • Steel Grater:
the peeling which is obvious
B. KNIVES AND CUTTING from the long blade element
• Basic Kitchen Knife: Sizable and sharp. and the pointed edge tip
The Basic Kitchen Knife comes in which allows one to gouge
either a half foot blade or larger. out potatoes’ eyes and
• Paring Knife: this tool is great for vegetable spot blemishes
cutting small pieces of food, singular
piece removals, paring fruit, gouging,
or cutting minute parts off.
• Bread Knife: One will notice the
difference on this blade due to the
serrated edge. Unlike most kitchen
knives that have a smooth cutting
edge, the bread knife looks rough and
vicious.
• Serrated Knife: ideal for cutting
through large pieces of meat quickly,
especially when it has been a cook
• Boning Knife: this tool is ideal for
separating meat from bone such as in
fish. It cuts with a regular blade, but
the thinner design allows the cook to
poke into the food to effectuate a cut
better
• Kitchen Scissors: Kitchen Scissors are
designed to be a bit more robust, for
cutting through thinks like branches,
sinew, bone, tendon, and harder parts
of food quickly
MAPEH – 10 treatment and advice based on formal
HEALTH – 1ST QUARTER training and experience. Study,
• Consumer Health - is not just about diagnose, treat and prevent human
buying health products and services. illness.
It involves knowing facts and having PHYSICAL EDUCATION
deeper understanding that enable • Body composition
people to make wise choices BMI: Measurement of a
• Health Consumer - is someone who person's weight and height
examines health information in Formula: Weight/Height (2)
products and services
• Consumer - is the one who purchases • Flexibility
and utilizes the good services ZIPPER TEST
• Health Info - is everything that is seen, SIT AND REACH
read, or heard in relation to human
and community health. It can be in • Cardiovascular Endurance
form of print, electronic and digital HEART RATE
media.
• Strength
-- SOURCES OF TRUSTED HEALTH INFO -- BASIC PLANK
• MEDICAL AND HEALTH PUSH UP
PROFESSIONAL (Family and School
doctors, dentist, nurses, health • Speed
science educators. 40 METER SPRINT
• GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
(Department of health DOH), Food • Power
and Drug Administration (FDA) Standing Long Jump
• LOCAL HEALTH OFFICIALS
• PRIVATE AND NON - GOVERNMENT • Agility
ORGANIZATION endorsed by HEXAGON TEST
government to assist consumers
• Medical specialist referred by doctors • Reaction Time
• National voluntary agencies (National STICK DROP TEST
Red Cross) JUGGLING
• Reliable websites (.gov, .edu. and
.org) • Balance
ONE FOOT BALANCE
-- HEALTH PRODUCTS --
• Health products - are substances, HEALTH
materials or equipment prepared or MEDICAL SPECIALISTS
manufactured for you to buy and use • Dermatologist is the medical expert
on the maintenance of health and you should consult if you have any
treatment of diseases. It includes significant problem with your skin
medicine, medical equipment, and • Ophthalmologist is a medical doctor
related devices. who specialize in eye and vision care
• Health Services - these refer to health • Obstetrician is a doctor with specialist
information, actions, procedure or qualifications in delivering babies and
work furnished or supplied to help providing medical care to women
satisfy your needs and wants as a during pregnancy and after birth
consumer. • Surgeon - treats diseases by surgery
• Health Professionals - A health
professional may provide health care
 • Gastroenterology - focuses on the • Walk-In Surgery Center It is a facility
health of the digestive system or the that offers surgery without the patient
gastrointestinal tract being admitted in the hospital.
• Neurologist - is a medical doctor with • Health Center The services in a health
specialized training in diagnosing, center cater to a specific population
treating, and managing disorders of with various health needs.
the brain, and the managing disorders • Extended Healthcare Facility A facility
of the brain and nervous system that provides treatment, nursing care,
• Geriatricians - are primary care and residential services to patients,
doctors who have additional training often the elderly.
in treating older adults, especially
those 65 and up. c. Healthcare Insurance
• Pulmonologist - is a doctor who • Health insurance is a financial
diagnoses and treats diseases of agreement between an insurance
respiratory system company and an individual or group
• Urologist - is a physician who for the payment of healthcare costs”
specializes in diseases of the urinary (Payne, et al., 2005). This also may
tract and the male reproductive pertain to a “protection that provides
system. benefits for sickness and injury”
• Gynecologist is a doctor who (Meeks, et al., 2011).
specializes in female reproductive • It offers various types of coverage:
health. They diagnose and treat issues “medical insurance, major medical
related to the female reproductive insurance, hospitalization insurance,
• Surgeon - is a doctor who specializes surgical insurance, and disability
in evaluating and treating conditions insurance” (Meeks, et al., 2011).
that may require surgery, or physically
changing the human body. ART
Modern Art Movements and Digital Arts
The three types of healthcare providers are: Art Movements: is a passion or style of art
a. Health Professionals
• Individuals who are licensed to 9 Important Art Movements
practice medicine and other allied 1. Impressionism - Claude Monet
health programs. An example of a 2. Expressionism - Vincent van Gogh
health professional is a physician. A 3. Cubism – Pablo Picasso
physician records the medical history 4. Dadaism
of individuals, provides diagnoses, 5. Surrealism
performs medical examinations, and 6. Abstract Realism
prescribes medications. 7. Pop Art
8. Performance Art
b. Healthcare Facilities 9. Flash Mob
• Healthcare facilities are places or
institutions that offer healthcare MUSIC
services. There are different types of IMPRESSIONISM: French movement in the late
healthcare facilities (Meeks, et al., 19th and early 20th century
2011). • AMBIENT
• Hospital It is an institution where • COLOR: timbre/tone quality
people undergo medical diagnosis, • CORDS: Whole tone scale
care and treatment. Types: private,
voluntary, government, and teaching. Claude Debussy: father of the
modern school of composition
Maurice Ravel
Unusual Scales: characteristic
of impressionist music where
Whole tone method was
introduced
ACP – 10 • Knocking of door before entering
ACP – 1st QUARTER • Salute to senior officers
ACP PLEDGE: • Ceremony tendered to a newly
We, the Aerospace Cadets of the Philippines promoted General
Pledge allegiance to the Lord our God, whom • Rank has its own privileges.
we will serve faithfully until we attain eternal
triumph in heaven. LAWS/REGULATIONS
• Observe traffic rules and regulations
Equally sincere, we pledge allegiance to the
flag, loyalty to the country over which it ON TIME
waves, obedience to the authority and to the • One of the most valued habits.
constitution. Upholding liberty, religious • This trait displays one's consideration
freedom, justice, and equality for all. Amen. for others.

LOYALTY PLEDGE: TIME TO GO?

If you work for a man in heaven’s name, work • Juniors should leave only after the
for him, speak well of him and stand by the Guest of Honor has departed.
institution of which he represents. Remember • Juniors are last to leave in any
that an ounce of loyalty is worth a pound of occasion.
cleverness. If you must growl, condemn, and
eternally find fault, so why resign your RANK TERMINOLOGY
position? And when you are on the outside,
• General/Flag Officer ****
damn to your heart’s contempt. But as long as
• Field Grade/Senior Officer ***
you are part of the institution, do not
• Company Grade/ Junior Officer ***
condemn it. For if you do, the first high wind
that comes along will blow you away and
FORMS OF ADDRESS
probably you will never know why.
- LTC Dela Cruz, Sir, Good Morning Sir!
PROTOCOL
COURTESIES OF JUNIORS TO SENIORS
• Protocole (french), which stems from
- Saying Sir or Ma’am.
"Protocollum" (Latin), and Greek
- Highest form of Military Courtesy: “Salute”.
words Protos and Kolla
- Rank has its privileges.
SOCIAL GRACES
• Friendly comapnionship
Hats on or off
• Friendly manner, social behavior, - Caps are always worn when walking outdoors
decorum, politeness. and when reporting outdoors or indoors.
GRACE - Caps are removed indoors, when entering
• Elegance or beauty of form or manner rooms, place of worship, or messing
compartments.
GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT OF A
SOLDIER Bowing
- Deep bow is a sign of great respect.
GOOD MANNERS - When seated, one may half rise and give
• Based on tradition or convention, slight bow.
personal ideals of conduct
• Most rules for good manners are SALUTING IN CIVILIAN DRESS
based on common sense - When in a civilian dress, it is not mandatory
for salute but right hand must be at the left
LOCAL CUSTOMS, LAWS AND REGULATIONS chest.
CUSTOMS
• Respect elders. GLOVES
- When introduced outdoors, one must - In full cars, juniors are either on the front, the
remove his gloves if time permits. senior in the back.
- One must remove them when indoors. - In boats, the junior is in the front, the senior
in the back.
HANDSHAKE - In aircraft, the designation procedure will be
- Should be brief with the feeling of strength followed
and warmth.
- Seniors always initiate handshakes CUSTOMS IN MILITARY AIRCARFT
- Passengers are subject to the orders from the
OFFERING ARM First Pilot or Aircraft Commander, regardless
- A man offers a woman his arm to give of rank
assistance. - Dependents are loaded and unloaded after
- The partner should hold on lightly, but not dignitaries.
hang on it. - When a General or Flag Officer is on board, a
- Military women, in civilian or uniform, should star is put in front of the aircraft
not hold to a man’s arm - Passengers are not allowed to enter the flight
deck unless invited
ON YOUR FEET - All safety regulations must be observed.
- A man should stand when women, elderly, or
high-ranking men enters a room or joins the OTHER JUNIOR-SENIOR PROTOCOLS
table at meals - Juniors should not feel obligated to pay for
the lunch or dinner of the seniors
WALKING OUTDOORS
- When crossing the street, a man may walk UNIFORM
between two women - It is a taboo for military men to carry an
- For military purposes, a junior walk on the umbrella in uniform
left of a senior and keeps in step - Under no circumstance most uniforms be
- When overtaking, pass to the left and if dishonored
possible, salute and say “By your leave,
Sir/Ma’am” and senior says “Carry on” MORAL OBLIGATIONS
- Always remember to keep your word
OPENING DOORS
- When a man escorts, he opens the door and
allows a woman to go in
- If the woman goes to the door first and
opens it, don’t make it an issue.
- In military, juniors open the door for the
seniors and stands aside for the seniors to pass
through.

WHO GOES FIRST?

- Women go first except:
> when distance is needed
> when there is no waiter
> On official or formal receiving lines where
the higher-ranking officers will go first

MILITARY COURTESY
- In cars, the junior is on the left, the senior on
the right
- Seniors enter last, and juniors enter first.